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Abstract Sleep deprivation (DS) is the forced elimination of sleep. While brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been extensively studied in the context of in mood changes following DS, the role of other neurotrophins remains elusive. This study explores the impact of DS on BDNF, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT3), and neurotrophin-4 (NT4) at mRNA and protein level, considering their potential links to mood disturbances. The study involved 81 participants subjected to polysomnography (PSG) and DS. Blood samples, mood assessments, and actigraphy data were collected twice, after PSG and DS. NT mRNA expression and serum protein concentrations of BDNF, GDNF, NT3, and NT4 were measured. Participants were divided into Responders and Non-Responders based on mood improvement after DS. DS reduced BDNF mRNA expression in all participants, with no change in serum BDNF protein. GDNF protein decreased in Non-Responders, while Responders exhibited reduced GDNF mRNA. NT3 protein increased in both groups, while NT3 mRNA decreased in Respondents. NT4 protein rose universally post-DS, but NT4 mRNA remained unchanged. Physical activity (PA) negatively correlated with mRNA expression of BDNF, GDNF, and NT3 post-DS. The study’s short DS duration and exclusion of immature NT forms limit comprehensive insights. GDNF, together with NT3, might play an important role in mood response to DS. PA during DS seems to impair the mRNA expression of NTs in leukocytes. Future studies on the subject of sleep deprivation might consider investigating the relationship between BDNF and NT4 in the context of their apparent redundancy.

Layers of silver particles are used in the studies on pathophysiology and treatment of diseases, both in pre-clinical and clinical conditions. Silver layers can be formed using different techniques and on different substrates. Deposition by magnetron sputtering on glass beads was used in this study. Silver absorption by the body was estimated by calculating the difference in thickness of the silver nanolayer deposited on a bead and measured before and after application of the bead in an animal model of gastrointestinal inflammation. Recommendations for the minimal thickness of silver nanolayer deposited on glass beads were worked out for further studies.

Introduction Tourette syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by motor and vocal/phonic tics persisting for longer than a year. The clinical phenotype of Tourette syndrome belongs to the spectrum of [...], Background: Tourette syndrome is a developmental neuropsychiatric disorder. Its etiology is complex and elusive, although an important role of genetic factors has been established. The aim of the present study was to identify the genomic basis of Tourette syndrome in a group of families with affected members in 2 or 3 generations. Methods: Whole-genome sequencing was performed followed by co-segregation and bioinformatic analyses. Identified variants were used to select candidate genes, which were then subjected to gene ontology and pathway enrichment analysis. Results: The study group included 17 families comprising 80 patients with Tourette syndrome and 44 healthy family members. Co-segregation analysis and subsequent prioritization of variants pinpointed 37 rare and possibly pathogenic variants shared among affected individuals within a single family. Three such variants, in the ALDH2, DLD and ALDH1B1 genes, could influence oxidoreductase activity in the brain. Two variants, in SLC17A8 and BSN genes, were involved in sensory processing of sound by inner hair cells of the cochlea. Enrichment analysis of genes whose rare variants were present in all patients from at least 2 families identified significant gene sets implicated in cell-cell adhesion, cell junction assembly and organization, processing of sound, synapse assembly, and synaptic signalling processes. Limitations: We did not examine intergenic variants, but they still could influence clinical phenotype. Conclusion: Our results provide a further argument for a role of adhesion molecules and synaptic transmission in neuropsychiatric diseases. Moreover, an involvement of processes related to oxidative stress response and sound-sensing in the pathology of Tourette syndrome seems likely.

We aim to investigate whether chemical inhibition of NRF2 transcriptional activity (TA) influences distal colon contractions, particularly in an age-dependent manner in females, and whether it impacts oestrogen receptor signalling in female mice. This study was performed on 3 and 6-month-old female mice treated with ML385 (30 mg/kg) or a vehicle for 7 days (i.p.). The colon functionality was verified with a colon bead expulsion test; serum samples were collected for oestradiol levels, and colon samples were stored for various histological analyses. The results show that the seven-day treatment of ML385 significantly downregulated TA (p < 0.05) and impacted its contractility. Additionally, young females treated with ML385 exhibited an increase in goblet cell number and significantly increased ERα, but not ERβ, especially in older mice. It is worth noting that the basal level of the membrane oestrogen receptor GPR30 was higher in older mice within the epithelial layer, and ML385 treatment led to a downregulation of GPR30 in 6-month-old mice. In summary, ML385 decreases NRF2 TA in the colon and impacts its contractility and goblet cell numbers. Additionally, NRF2 TA influences the expression of oestrogen receptors in the colons of female mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deprivation of sleep (DS) and its effects on circadian rhythm gene expression are not well understood despite their influence on various physiological and psychological processes. This study aimed to elucidate the changes in the expression of circadian rhythm genes following a night of sleep and DS. Their correlation with sleep architecture and physical activity was also examined. The study included 81 participants who underwent polysomnography (PSG) and DS with actigraphy. Blood samples were collected after PSG and DS. Expression levels of brain and muscle ARNT-like 1 (BMAL1), circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (CLOCK), neuronal PAS domain protein 2 (NPAS2), period 1 (PER1), cryptochrome 1 (CRY1) and nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group D member 1 (NR1D1) were analyzed using qRT-PCR. DS decreased the expression of CLOCK and BMAL1 while increasing PER1. PER1 expression correlated positively with total sleep time and non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep duration and negatively with sleep latency, alpha, beta and delta waves in the O1A2 lead. Physical activity during DS showed positive correlations with CLOCK, BMAL1, and CRY1. The findings highlight the role of PER1 in modulating sleep patterns, suggesting potential targets for managing sleep-related disorders. Further research is essential to deepen the understanding of these relationships and their implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Indroduction: Cryptoglandular perianal fistula represents a prevalent benign anorectal condition, primarily addressed through surgical interventions, occasionally posing considerable therapeutic challenges. The associated decline in patient quality of life underscores the significance of effective management. However, the lack of a fully understood pathogenesis complicates the treatment approach. Recent research has proposed the involvement of adipose fat tissue in the inflammatory response and pathogenesis of cryptoglandular anal fistula. Aim: The study aims to characterize the role of adipose fat tissue in the pathogenesis of cryptoglandular anal fistula, with a specific focus on understanding the potential involvement of proinflammatory cytokines in the development of chronic inflammation. Materials and methods: This study involved the characterization of serum levels of inflammatory cytokines and adipose tissue hormones. A total of 35 samples from both simple and complex cryptoglandular perianal fistula cases were collected during surgical procedures. Results: Serum levels of leptin, resistin, IL-1β, and IL-8 were significantly elevated in patients operated on due to complex cryptoglandular perianal fistula when compared to patients with simple fistula. Adiponectin was significantly lowered in samples from complex perianal fistula in comparison to simple fistula. Conclusions: Complex perianal cryptoglandular fistula has a reduced level of anti-inflammatory adipokines i.e. adiponectin, and an increased level of proinflammatory resistin, leptin, IL-1β, and IL-8. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]