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The article deals with the results of clinical, X-ray and sonographic examination of 127 bitches of different breeds aged from 5 to 16 years, which over the years of 2006 ‑ 2015 were coming into the clinic of small animals of LNUVMB named after S.Z. Gzhytskyj with neoplasia of mammary gland. According to the initial examination of animals the clinical signs typical for mammary gland tumors were found in 102 (80 . 3%) dogs. According to the criteria of international clinical TNM classification in 44 (43.14%) bitches was detected the first stage of tumor process (T1аN0M0, T1аN1аM0), in 25 (24.51 %) – in II (T1 b N1 a M0, T1 b N1 b M0, T1 b , с N1аM0, T1 b ,с N1 b M0, T2аN0M0, T2 b N0M0, T2 b N1аM0, Т2 b ,с N1аM0), in 29 (28.43 %) – ІІІ (T1 b ,с N2 b M0, Т2 b ,сN1 b M0, Т3аN1аM0, Т3 b N1 b M0, T3 b ,с N1аM0, T3 b ,с N1 b M0) and in 4 (3.92 %) – ІV (T3 b ,с N1 b M1, T3 b ,с N2 b M1) the stage of tumors. In 25 (19.7 %) from 127 dogs, signs of neoplasia were expressed unclearly. Roentgen graphically in 58 (45 . 7%) of dogs with the II, III, and IV stage of tumors it was found out the local structural changes, indicating the location, size and shape of neoplasia and their relationship to the surrounding tissues; distant metastases in the lungs and liver were detected in 4 animals. According to 69 animals research the obtained results were less informative because of not clear or doubtful for visualization of X-ray structural changes typical for neoplasia. In 95 . 27 % of studied bitches by ultrasound examination MR it was carried out differential diagnosis of fibrocystic mastitis, benign and malignant neoplasms. Summarizing the results of clinical, X-ray and sonographic investigations you can see that integrated mutually complementary interpretation of obtained data is weighty argument for the identification of intractable lesions, diagnosis and monitoring of mammary gland tumors in bitches during preoperative examination.

Ziel: In der hier vorgestellten Grundlagenuntersuchung wurde die Schallgeschwindigkeit in Karzinomen, mastopathischem Gewebe, Fettgewebe und Fibroadenomen der weiblichen Brustdruse durch direkte In-vitro-Messung bestimmt. Es sollte uberpruft werden, ob und in welchem Ausmas zwischen diesen Gewebearten Unterschiede der Schallgeschwindigkeit bestehen und ob eine Differenzierung der untersuchten Gewebe anhand der ermittelten Schallgeschwindigkeiten moglich ist. Methoden: Die Schallgeschwindigkeit wurde aus dem Verhaltnis der Transmissionszeit eines Ultraschallbundels durch die Praparate im Vergleich zur Transmissionszeit durch destilliertes Wasser ermittelt. Insgesamt wurden 40 Praparate untersucht. Ergebnisse: Es fanden sich signifikante Unterschiede zwischen Karzinomen (1523,1 ± 5,9 m/s) und Fett (1478,5 ± 6,5 m/s) (p ∼ 10-11) sowie zwischen Mastopathie (1526,0 ± 9,0 m/s) und Fett (p ∼ 10-12). Dagegen konnte ein signifikanter Unterschied zwischen Karzinomen und Mastopathie nicht nachgewiesen werden (p = 0,35). Auch die Schallgeschwindigkeit in Fibroadenomen (1533,2 ± 3,8 m/s) ist ahnlich hoch wie die in Karzinomen und Mastopathie. Schlusfolgerung: Damit erweist sich die Schallgeschwindigkeit in ihrem Informationsgehalt als teilweise komplementar zur Echogenitat des konventionellen B-Bildes. Konnte also ein Verfahren entwickelt werden, das beide Parameter berucksichtigt und fur beide Informationen eine raumliche Zuordnung erlaubt, ware ein diagnostischer Gewinn fur die sonographische Mammadiagnostik zu erwarten. Purpose: The study aimed to investigate ultrasound velocity (SV) in carcinomas, fibrocystic changes, fibroadenomas and fatty tissue of the female breast by means of direct in-vitro measurements. We intended to test whether or not differences in SV exist between the various types of tissue and whether the SV is a useful criterion to differentiate the different tissues. Method: SV was measured by comparing transmission time of the ultrasound beam through the specimen and through water. Altogether 40 specimens (12 cancer, 14 fibrocystic changes = FCD, 10 fatty tissues, 3 fibroadenomas, and 1 mixed tissue) were analysed. Results: Velocity differed significantly between fat (1478.5 ± 6.5 m/s) and tumor (1523.1 ± 5.9 m/s) (p ∼ 10-11) and between fat and FCD (1526.0 ± 9.0 m/s) (p ∼ 10-12). No significant differences and much overlap were seen between the ultrasound velocities of tumors and FCD. Ultrasound velocity in fibroadenomas (1533.2 ± 3.8 m/s) was comparable with that in carcinomas and FCD. Conclusions: We conclude that ultrasound velocity may add complementary information to echogenicity (B-scan). Thus, a locally exact correlation of echogenicity and sound velocity might allow for an improved tissue characterization.

Breast nodules in women afflicted with “fibrocystic breast disease” show a variability in time. This paper proposes a Markov chain to model this temporal change. The model seems to fit the available data very well, if different parameters are used for pre- und post-menopausal women.

After literature reports linking fibrocystic breast disease (FBD) to methylxanthine ingestion, a pilot study was undertaken to investigate the possible contribution of theophylline to this effect. The major goal of this project was to measure the effect of theophylline therapy on FBD in asthmatic women. All women attending an allergy clinic or an obstetrics/gynecology clinic over a 9-month period were examined to clinically assess FBD and were asked to complete a detailed questionnaire covering health history, other risk factors, and drug and dietary methylxanthines. The sample included 62 asthmatic women, 66 allergic but not asthmatic women, and 72 nonallergic and nonasthmatic women. By use of the FBD clinical taxonomy with its 19-point scale going from 0 to 18 that was developed for this study, the three groups did not differ significantly in terms of mean severity of FBD. On analyzing the effect of each of the methylxanthines on FBD severity, there is clear evidence that total methylxanthines was a contributing factor in FBD severity with or without adjustment for relevant variables, such as age, menopause, pregnancies, and groups. Theophylline was significant only when adjustments were made for age, pregnancy, and menopause in contrast to caffeine that was only significant with no adjustments.

Breast tumors can be clearly defined from the surrounding breast parenchyma by the use of computerized reconstructive tomography. Certain types of fibrocystic mastitis also can be distinguished from tumors, but other types of fibrous mastitis and probably fibroadenomas may not be distinguishable from tumors unless contrast material is used.

Plasma PRL, TSH, total and free T4, total and free T3, and 17 beta-estradiol were evaluated in 29 premenopausal women with well-documented fibrocystic disease of the breast and in 29 healthy matched controls. Plasma PRL and TSH dynamics after acute TRH injection (200 micrograms i.v.) were also determined. All hormonal measurements were performed in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. Neither patients nor controls showed any thyroid function impairment. Basal plasma levels of the examined hormones were in the normal range in both groups. When considering data pertinent to PRL and TSH secretory patterns after TRH stimulation, no difference was recorded between patients and controls for TSH secretion, evaluated in terms of maximum peak, net (delta) and percent (delta %) increase above the baseline level and integrated area of response. On the contrary, the response of PRL was significantly higher in patients than controls (maximum peak at 20 min, mean +/- SE, 119.9 +/- 14.1 vs. 60.8 +/- 5.5 ng/ml, p less than 0.001; integrated area of response, 5,725 +/- 908 vs. 3,243 +/- 266 ng/ml/120 min, p less than 0.01). The results are compatible with the view that, in most patients with fibrocystic disease of the breast, there are abnormalities in the control of PRL secretion, which lead to enhanced release of the hormone after stimulation. In such cases the control of TSH appears to be operating normally.

Cystic fluid from 30 Greek women suffering from macrocystic disease was tested for mutagenicity in the Salmonella typhimurium mutagenicity assay using three bacterial strains in the presence or absence of liver homogenate. None of the samples tested showed mutagenic potential in this test supporting the absence of potential carcinogens in the cyst fluids.

• Fibrocystic breast disease (FBD) is common in women. Caffeine-containing foods and beverages have been implicated as a cause of FBD or as an important factor in its progression. Relationships of causation are difficult to demonstrate. Only rigorous investigational methods can show true association between cause and effect. Our critical review of the medical literature indicated that there is weak evidence for an association between caffeine and FBD. We conclude that physicians need not recommend the avoidance of caffeine in otherwise healthy women who have FBD. ( Arch Intern Med 1986;146:1773-1775)