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324 results on '"Feyerabend C"'

6. Elimination of cotinine from body fluids: implications for noninvasive measurement of tobacco smoke exposure.

Author

Jarvis, MJ, Russell, MA, Benowitz, NL, and Feyerabend, C

Subjects
Saliva, Body Fluids, Humans, Nicotine, Pyrrolidinones, Cotinine, Smoking, Tobacco Smoke Pollution, Adult, Middle Aged, Medical and Health Sciences, Public Health
Abstract

Cotinine elimination from plasma, saliva, and urine was studied over 11 days in five subjects (three nonsmokers and two occasional smokers). Half-lives for cotinine averaged 16-19 hours in the different body fluids (range 10 to 27 hours between subjects). There was no tendency for the half-life in saliva to be longer than in plasma or urine. We conclude that choice of body fluid for cotinine assay in smoking studies should depend on practical rather than pharmacokinetic considerations.

Published
1988

11. Effect of ulcerative colitis and smoking on rectal blood flow

Author

Srivastava, E.D., Russell, M.A.H., Feyerabend, C., and Rhodes, J.

Subjects
Tobacco -- Physiological aspects, Regional blood flow -- Regulation, Smoking -- Health aspects, Ulcerative colitis -- Causes of, Health
Abstract

Ulcerative colitis is a condition in which the colon (the lower part of the intestinal tract) is inflamed, causing diarrhea, pain, and the possibility of complete perforation of the wall of the colon that can be fatal. The cause of this disease is not known, but it is more prevalent in nonsmokers and former smokers than in patients who smoke. To ascertain the effect of smoking on blood flow to the colon and rectum (which could play a role in development of ulcerative colitis), a study was performed with eight nonsmoking patients who were being treated for ulcerative colitis, and with 10 healthy control subjects who were either smokers or nonsmokers. Rectal blood flow was measured by laser Doppler flowmetry over a 60-minute period. In all patients, blood flow decreased over the measurement period. Ulcerative colitis patients had significantly higher levels of rectal blood flow, and the levels remained higher than those recorded for the healthy controls for the entire period. In the control population, rectal blood flow was similar for smokers and nonsmokers. When the smokers were allowed to smoke, this was associated with a significant fall in rectal blood flow that was correlated with the magnitude of the increase seen in plasma nicotine levels. Lower levels of rectal blood flow occur in healthy individuals than in those suffering from ulcerative colitis. Smoking seems to confer a protective advantage against ulcerative colitis by reducing rectal blood flow (which may be a mechanism involved in the disease). (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Published
1990

36. What determines levels of passive smoking in children with asthma?

Author

Irvine, L., Crombie, I. K., Clark, R. A., Slane, P. W., Goodman, K. E., Feyerabend, C., and Cater, J. I.

Subjects
Papers
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Children with parents who smoke are often exposed to high levels of environmental tobacco smoke, and children with asthma are particularly susceptible to the detrimental effects of passive smoking. Data were collected from parents who smoke and from their asthmatic children. The families are currently taking part in a randomised controlled trial to test an intervention designed to reduce passive smoking in children with asthma. This paper reports on the baseline data. Questionnaire data and cotinine levels were compared in an attempt to assess exposure and to identify factors which influence exposure of the children. The aim of the study was to identify the scope for a reduction in passive smoking by these children. METHODS: A sample of 501 families with an asthmatic child aged 2-12 years was obtained. Factors influencing passive smoking were assessed by interviewing parents. Cotinine levels were measured from saliva samples using gas liquid chromatography with nitrogen phosphorous detection. RESULTS: Cotinine levels in children were strongly associated with the age of the child, the number of parents who smoked, contact with other smokers, the frequency of smoking in the same room as the child, and crowding within the home. Parental cotinine levels, the amount smoked in the home, and whether the home had a garden also exerted an independent effect on cotinine levels in the children. CONCLUSIONS: Many children are exposed to high levels of environmental tobacco smoke and their cotinine levels are heavily dependent upon proximity to the parent who smokes. Parents who smoke have a unique opportunity to benefit their child's health by modifying their smoking habits within the home.

Published
1997

37. Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure is associated with circulating markers of inflammation and endothelial function in adult men and women

Author

Jefferis, B.J., primary, Lowe, G.D.O., additional, Welsh, P., additional, Rumley, A., additional, Lawlor, D.A., additional, Ebrahim, S., additional, Carson, C., additional, Doig, M., additional, Feyerabend, C., additional, McMeekin, L., additional, Wannamethee, S.G., additional, Cook, D.G., additional, and Whincup, P.H., additional

Published
2010
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