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Supplemental Material, sj-pdf-1-std-10.1177_0956462421990218 for Mother-to-child transmission of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Trichomonas vaginalis in HIV-infected pregnant women in South Africa by Remco PH Peters, Ute D Feucht, Lindsey de Vos, Phuti Ngwepe, James A McIntyre, Jeffrey D Klausner and Andrew Medina-Marino in International Journal of STD & AIDS

Additional file 1: Supplementary Figure S1. Sequential gating approach for the measurement of CCR2 expression by CD14+ monocytes. The sequential gating approached used was as follows: First, the viable (7-AAD negative; region ‘Viable”) cells were identified using a 7-AAD vs SS Log density plot. A “Viable” region was created around the 7-AAD negative cells. Gated on the “Viable”cells, a SSLog vs FS plot was used to capture intact cells in the “E” region. CD14+ monocytes were identified (“CD14+” region) using a CD14 vs SS Log density plot that were gated on viable, intact cells (“E” region). CD14+ monocytes that express CCR2 were quantified using a CD192 (CCR2) vs SS Log plot. The proportion of CD14+/CCR2+ cells were captured in the “CD14+ CCR2+” region. The gating strategy followed to quantify CCR2 expression by CD16+ neutrophils was similar to what was described for CD14+ monocytes, but instead of identifying CD14+ monocytes, CD16+ neutrophils were identified (“CD16+” region) using a CD16 vs SS Log density plot that were gated on viable, intact cells (“E” region). CD16+ neutrophils that express CCR2 were quantified using a CD192 (CCR2) vs SS Log plot. The proportion of CD14+/CCR2+ cells was captured in the “CD16+ CCR2+” region.

Additional file 4: Supplementary Figure S4. Cooccurrence of maternal HIV and food insecurity may increase risk of stunting at birth. Amongst infants whose mothers report worrying about food runout, risk of stunting at birth is greater for HEU compared to HUU infants (e; RR=4.90 [0.76, 31.5], ARD=0.56 [0.17, 0.94], p=0.0498). The red line represents the proportion of infants who had stunting at birth or 12 weeks PP. Mosaic plots are proportion (%) of HUU or HEU infants who have stunting (

Additional file 3: Supplementary Figure S3. Maternal intake of estimated average requirements for macronutrients, vitamins and minerals for mothers who report on household food security circumstances. Maternal reports of food insecurity did not associate with intake levels of macronutrients or minerals. Maternal reports of experiencing food runout or inability to afford balanced meals associated with lower intake of vitamin B12 (p=0.01; p=0.04). Many women, irrespective of food security reports, are at risk of inadequate macronutrient, vitamin and mineral intakes. Percent intake of EARs for 36 nutrients were calculated for lactating women 14-18, 19-30 or 31-50 years of age [37]. Calculations for EAR for total protein considered maternal weight at time of dietary recall. Data are % intake of EAR reported in maternal dietary recall for macronutrients, *p

Additional file 6: Supplementary Table S1. Flow cytometry reagent list (including lasers and detectors used). Supplementary Table S2. Flow cytometry compensation matrix. Supplementary Table S3. Maternal nutrient intakes from one 24-hour dietary recall for mothers with and without HIV who attended follow up. Supplementary Table S4. Maternal nutrient intake from one 24-hour dietary recall for mothers who report experiencing food insecurity compared to those who do not experience food insecurity.

Additional file 5: Supplementary Figure S5. Food insecurity may associate with low attainment of GMCD milestones for HUU and HEU infants. Infants whose mothers reported household food insecurity did not attain 1-3 month GMCD milestones (A, C, E) for receptive language, large movement, relating and response behaviour or play activities, or 3-5 month GMCD milestones (B, D, F) for fine movement or relating and response behaviour in the same proportion as the international standardization sample. Maternal reports of food insecurity did not associate with risk of not attaining all 1-3 month or 3-5 month GMCD milestones (A-F, [p>0.05], Fisher’s exact 2-Tail). Data are proportion (%) of infants who attained all age-appropriate GMCD milestones. The horizontal dotted line represents the GMCD standardised international sample proportion (85%) of infants who attained all milestones in that age category, when they were in that age range. The numbers underneath the bars represent the number of infants attaining all milestones for each milestone. GMCD = Guide for monitoring child development; HUU = HIV-unexposed, uninfected infant; HEU = HIVexposed, uninfected infant.

Additional file 6: Supplementary Table S1. Flow cytometry reagent list (including lasers and detectors used). Supplementary Table S2. Flow cytometry compensation matrix. Supplementary Table S3. Maternal nutrient intakes from one 24-hour dietary recall for mothers with and without HIV who attended follow up. Supplementary Table S4. Maternal nutrient intake from one 24-hour dietary recall for mothers who report experiencing food insecurity compared to those who do not experience food insecurity.

Additional file 4: Supplementary Figure S4. Cooccurrence of maternal HIV and food insecurity may increase risk of stunting at birth. Amongst infants whose mothers report worrying about food runout, risk of stunting at birth is greater for HEU compared to HUU infants (e; RR=4.90 [0.76, 31.5], ARD=0.56 [0.17, 0.94], p=0.0498). The red line represents the proportion of infants who had stunting at birth or 12 weeks PP. Mosaic plots are proportion (%) of HUU or HEU infants who have stunting (

Additional file 3: Supplementary Figure S3. Maternal intake of estimated average requirements for macronutrients, vitamins and minerals for mothers who report on household food security circumstances. Maternal reports of food insecurity did not associate with intake levels of macronutrients or minerals. Maternal reports of experiencing food runout or inability to afford balanced meals associated with lower intake of vitamin B12 (p=0.01; p=0.04). Many women, irrespective of food security reports, are at risk of inadequate macronutrient, vitamin and mineral intakes. Percent intake of EARs for 36 nutrients were calculated for lactating women 14-18, 19-30 or 31-50 years of age [37]. Calculations for EAR for total protein considered maternal weight at time of dietary recall. Data are % intake of EAR reported in maternal dietary recall for macronutrients, *p

Additional file 5: Supplementary Figure S5. Food insecurity may associate with low attainment of GMCD milestones for HUU and HEU infants. Infants whose mothers reported household food insecurity did not attain 1-3 month GMCD milestones (A, C, E) for receptive language, large movement, relating and response behaviour or play activities, or 3-5 month GMCD milestones (B, D, F) for fine movement or relating and response behaviour in the same proportion as the international standardization sample. Maternal reports of food insecurity did not associate with risk of not attaining all 1-3 month or 3-5 month GMCD milestones (A-F, [p>0.05], Fisher’s exact 2-Tail). Data are proportion (%) of infants who attained all age-appropriate GMCD milestones. The horizontal dotted line represents the GMCD standardised international sample proportion (85%) of infants who attained all milestones in that age category, when they were in that age range. The numbers underneath the bars represent the number of infants attaining all milestones for each milestone. GMCD = Guide for monitoring child development; HUU = HIV-unexposed, uninfected infant; HEU = HIVexposed, uninfected infant.