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In nature conservation today, there is a global problem with the aggressive expansion of invasive plant species and the conservation of valuable grassland vegetation. Based on this, the following question has been formed: Is the domestic water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) appropriate for managing various habitat types? How does grazing by water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) affect on grassland vegetation? This study was carried out in four areas of Hungary. One of the sample areas was in the Mátra Mountains, on dry grassland areas where grazing had been applied for two, four and six years. The other sample areas were in the Zámolyi Basin, where wet fens with a high risk of Solidago gigantea and in a typic Pannonian dry grassland were investigated. In all areas, grazing was carried out with domestic water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). During the study, we carried out a coenological survey, examining the change of cover of plant species, their feed values and the biomass of the grassland. According to the results, both the number and cover of economically important grasses (from 28% to 34.6%) and legumes (from 3.4% to 25.4%) increased in Mátra as well as the high proportion of shrubs (from 41.8% to 4.4%) shifted toward grassland species. In the areas of the Zámolyi Basin, invasive Solidago has been suppressed completely, the pasture has been converted completely (from 16% to 1%) and the dominant species has become Sesleria uliginosa. Thus, we have found that grazing with buffalo is suitable as a habitat management method in both dry grasslands and wet grasslands. Therefore, in addition to its effectiveness in the control of Solidago gigantea, grazing with buffalo is successful in both nature conservation and economic aspects of grassland vegetation.

Klijavost sjemena u velikoj mjeri utječe na prinos i kvalitet usjeva. Optimalne temperature za klijanje sjemena razlikuju se između vrsta i genotipova unutar vrste, a temelj su za određivanje optimalnog vremena sjetve. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi klijavost sjemena i svojstva klijanaca (dužina korijena i stabljike klijanaca) za 3 višegodišnje trave (Festuca pratensis, Festuca arundinacea i Festuca rubra) na različitim temperaturama (5, 10, 15 i 20ºC). Ispitivanje klijavosti sjemena provedeno je u klima komori metodom navlaženog rolanog filter papira sukladno pravilima ISTA. Od svake vrste zasijano je po 100 sjemenki u 4 ponavljanja. Nakon naklijavanja utvrđena su svojstva sjemena i klijanaca pri čemu je utvrđen značajan utjecaj temperature na sva ispitivana svojstva (p

The seed germination characteristics of three threatened Festuca sp. [F. punctoria Sm., F. cyllenica Boiss. et Heldr. subsp. uluana Markgr.-Dannenb., F. paphlagonica (St.-Yves) Markgr.-Dannenb. subsp. paphlagonica] were investigated. These species are endemic and spread on alpine belt. The study was carried out with wet-cold and dry-cold stratification throughout 15 days, different doses of GA3 (50, 100 and 150 ppm) and hormone-stratification combined treatments, and non-treatment series. We found that the germination rates of three fescue seeds for various treatment series were different. The mean germination percentage of F. cyllenica was higher (80%) than that of F. punctoria and F. paphlagonica which were fairly low (50-60%). Germination rates increased by wet-stratification treatment in F. punctoria and also increased with 100 ppm GA3 application to the seeds of F. paphlagonica. When taken into consideration the germination percentages of all fescue species, the seeds of F. punctoria and F. paphlagonica can be dormant, but the seeds of F. cyllenica are non-dormant.

DİYARBAKIR KOŞULLARINDA YEŞİL ALANLARA UYGUN ÇİM TÜR VE ÇEŞİTLERİNİN SAPTANMASI Gülden SANDAL 2002/ 40 Sayfa ÖZET Dicle Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesine ilişkin deneme alanında, 13 Ekim 2000 -17 Temmuz 2001 dönemi süresince yürütülen araştırmada; Diyarbakır koşullarında yeşil saha tesisinde kullanılabileceği düşünülen, çim türlerinin morfolojik ve fenolojik karakterleri incelenmiştir. Araştırma materyali olarak yabancı kökenli 18 çim çeşidi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmalar tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre, 3 tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada; fide gelişmesi, dm2'deki kardeş sayısı, sap kalınlığı, doku, yeşilot verimi ve kuruot verimi gibi özellikler ele alınmıştır. Ayrıca, her parselin kıştan çıkış durumu da değerlendirilmiştir. Karakterlere ait veriler, varyans analizi yapılarak değerlendirilmiş farklı gruplar Duncan testine göre belirlenmiş ve aşağıdaki sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Fide gelişmesi yönünden; kuru ağırlık olarak en yüksek değer, Lolium perenne türünün Delaware çeşidinden (1.772g), bitki basma yeşilot verimi en yüksek yine Delaware'den, (1.974g) ve fide boyu olarak en yüksek Festuca commutata'nın Medina çeşidinden (14.58 cm) elde edilmiştir. dm2'deki kardeş sayısı bakımından; en yüksek değer Festuca trichophylla'nın. Süzette çeşidinde (220 adet) bulunmuş, sap kalınlığında; en geniş çeşitler, Festuca arundinacea (Cochise) ve Lolium perenne (Mondial) 0.941 mm ile olmuş, doku açısından en iyi olarak; Medina (0.9500cm) göze çarpmış, kıştan çıkış durumu; en iyi olarak Lolium perenne çeşitleri göz doldurmuş, toplam yeşil ot verimi; en yüksek Medina'da (1410g), ortaya çıkmış, toplam kuru ot verimi ise; Lolium perenne (Cheops)'da, 680.00g'la en yüksek değer olarak gerçekleşmiştir. y®Mmmmmm mVI Diyarbakır koşullarında, yeşil alanlarda en çok tercih edilmesi gereken çim tür ve çeşitlerinin; sırasıyla, Festuca commutata (Medina), Lolium perenne (Delaware), Festuca trichophylla (Suzette) ve Lolium perenne (Cheops) olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Yeşil Alan, Çim, Buğdaygiller, Festuca sp., Lolium sp., Poa sp. VII INVESTIGATIONS ON SUITABLE TURFGRASSES SPECIES AND VARIETIES UNDER DİYARBAKIR CONDITIONS Gülden SANDAL 2002/ 40 Pages SUMMARY The propose of this research that was carried out at 13 October 2000-17 July 2001 on investigation area of Agriculture Faculty of Dicle University is to search the morphological and phonological characteristic of the lawn species that can be used in green areas. 18 egsotic lawn varieties were used as the material in the research. The trial is designed according random blocks with three repetition. In the research, seedling growth, tiller number in dm2, stem ticknes, the texture were specialist dael with, the green grass produce, the dried grass produce. An addition, the species used were evaluated for resistance to winter were determined. The data and different groups were interpretated using variance analysis and Duncan test and the results shown as follows. Seedling growth as dried weight is 1.772 Lolium perenne (Delaware) which is the highest, the plant green matter yield which is the highest also (1.974g) and as seedling height is 14.58cm in Medina the species which is the highest. The highest tiller number in dm2 is 220 in Festuca trichophylla (Suzette), the thickest stern is 0.94mm in Festuca rubra (Cochise), the texture wideness is 0.9500 cm in Festuca commutata (Medina) the species which is the highest, the highest value of resistance to winter is Lolium sp., the green grass produce is 1410g in Festuca commutata (Medina), the dried grass produce is 680.0g in Lolium perenne (Cheops). From the results of the study, it was concluded that the most suitable turfgras species and cultivar for the conditions of Diyarbakır could be Festuca commutata (Medina), Lolium perenne (Delaware), Festuca trichophylla (Suzette), Lolium perenne (Cheops) respectualy. Key Words: Green area, Garden grass, Turfgrasses, Festuca sp., Lolium sp., Poa sp. 40