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Understanding the factors affecting the total amount and distribution of soil organic carbon (OC) across different functional carbon pools is important to better define the future management of soil OC stocks. The interactions between soil management practices, local physicochemical soil properties and climate are essential for determining the OC content of the soil. Nevertheless, how these factors affect the total amount of OC and its distribution across carbon pools, i.e., more labile particulate (POC) and more stable mineral‐associated (MAOC) organic carbon, is only partly known. In this study, we assessed topsoil (0–20 cm) samples from 93 arable farms in the southern half of Finland to determine the total amount of OC, and its distribution in MAOC and POC, along with relevant soil properties (amount of clay and silt, aluminium and iron oxides and pH), climate (precipitation and temperature) and fertilization (mineral versus organic). The fertilization did not affect the total soil carbon content (12–58 g OC kg−1 soil). The share of OC in the MAOC fraction (on average 86% of total OC) was relatively stable across the large range of OC contents and clay contents (2%–68%). We assessed the highest feasible MAOC of the soils with boundary line analyses and their OC saturation state with Hassink's equation (Hassink, 1997). Only soils with the lowest clay content (<10% clay) were assumed to be carbon‐saturated, suggesting that most of the studied soils have a capacity to accrue more MAOC. Simple linear regression showed that clay, aluminium and iron oxides explained 9%, 21% and 22% of the variation in MAOC, respectively. Multiple regression analyses including the amount of clay, clay+silt, aluminium and iron oxides, pH, type of fertilization, precipitation and temperature as explanatory variables explained 33%–53% of the variation in OC and MAOC. In all soils, aluminium oxides were important explanatory variable for MAOC, whereas Fe oxides were significant only in soils with higher clay content (>30%). In soils with a low clay content (<30%), pH had added value in explaining MAOC. Altogether, it seems that various climatic, edaphic and soil management‐related factors are context‐dependently controlling OC and that soil textural information alone is not necessarily an adequate predictor to assess the MAOC saturation state of the soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The production of high-quality pods bean seeds in the organic production system is a challenge for farmers because there is little information on the appropriate doses of organic compounds to be recommended in the literature. This study aimed to evaluate the yield and physiologic potential of pods beans according to the application of doses of organic compost (earthworm humus). The experimental design used was completely randomized, and the treatments were different doses of organic compost (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 t ha-1), with four replications. Different yield components were evaluated, and the seed quality was analyzed by the main vigor and germination tests. Organic compost doses influenced most of the seed yield components; however, the physiologic potential and organic fertilization influenced only 1000-seed weight and seedlings dry matter. It is concluded that the doses of organic compost promote the increase in pods bean yield but do not influence the physiologic potential of seeds.

The genus Chirostoma is endemic from the Mesa Central of Mexico. It is conformed of 18 species and six subspecies. Five species are in some category of risk, because of this, Chirostoma jordani is an excellent model species to implement biotechnologies like gametes cryopreservation. Aim of present study was to evaluate fertilizing capacity of cryopreserved C. jordani sperm, as alternative to conservation and assisted reproduction in this specie and genus. Males and females were collected from wild Atlangatepec dam stock, Tlaxcala State, Mexico. Seminal quality was evaluated in fresh and cryopreserved semen with three cryoprotective agents (CPAs): 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), 10% methanol (MeOH), 14% ethylene glycol (EG) and it was determined its post-thaw fertilizing capacity. Sperm motility percentage decreased during cryopreservation process (p < 0.05). There were not significant differences in post-thaw motility percentage between EG (53.5 ± 1.9%) and MeOH (53.3 ± 1.3%), but DMSO (50.3 ± 0.5%) was significantly different (p < 0.05). Results showed that 0.2 µL fresh semen were enough to fertilize 100% oocytes (n = 60). 10 µL DMSO and 5 µL MeOH and EG cryopreserved semen were necessary to fertilize oocytes 100% (n = 60) (p < 0.05). Cryopreservation and fertilization protocol for C. jordani sperm was efficient and it could be used for its assisted reproduction.

The studies aimed to determine the effect of the time of foliar fertilizing with Batr Zinc fertilizer on the height of corn plants, the yield of green mass and grain, and crop elements have been carried out on ordinary carbonate chernozem in the zone of sufficient moistening in Stavropol krai in 2021–2023. The effectiveness of foliar addition of the Batr Zinc fertilizer (1.0 L/ha) have been studied on corn hybrids Mashuk 220 MV and Mashuk 355 MV in the phases of five and eight leaves. Treatment variants include the use of the foliar fertilizer without any mineral fertilizer or with application of nitrogen (N30) and complete mineral (N30P30K30) fertilizer. Treatment with the Batr Zinc fertilizer (1.0 L/ha) in five or eight leaves' development phases of corn with no additional application of mineral fertilizers contributed to an increase in the height of Mashuk 220 MV and Mashuk 355 MV hybrid plants in the flowering phase by 14 and 16 cm and by 17 and 23 cm on average for 2021–2023, respectively. On average, over 3 years, corn foliar fertilizing with the Batr Zinc fertilizer in the phases of five or eight leaves with no application of mineral fertilizers increased the yield of green mass of the hybrid Mashuk 220 MV by 5.2 and 6.0 t/ha (15.1 and 17.4%) and the hybrid Mashuk 355 MV by 7.7 and 6.8 t/ha (23.2 and 20.5%). The yield of grain was increased by 0.59 and 0.63 t/ha (9.2 and 9.9%) and 0.83 and 0.74 t/ha (12.9 and 11.5%), respectively. Depending on the fertilizing terms, the grain yield of the hybrid Mashuk 220 MV increased by 0.59 and 0.63 t/ha (9.2 and 9.9%) and that of the hybrid Mashuk 355 MV by 0.83 and 0.74 t/ha (12.9 and 11.5%). No significant difference in the yield of green mass and grain between the fertilizing terms have been determined. Foliar fertilizing the agrochemical Batr Zinc fertilizer accompanied by application of mineral fertilizers are ineffective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was conducted in Chapkrud Joibar fish rearing farm and the effect of plankton and fertilizers transferring to the ponds and their effects on growth, survival of carps and plankton changes in pond were investigated. The ratios of C:N:P 88.6:7.5:1 adjusted for all treatments. The treatments consisted of 1-fertilization with 6000kg/ha per year, 2- fertilization with 12000kg/ha per year, 3- fertilization with 6000kg/ha/year and phytoplankton treatment and 4- fertilization with 12,000kg/ha per year and phytoplankton treatment. At the end of this experiment, treatment 4 provided the best growth conditions for rearing of carps. The highest initial production and number of phytoplankton per unit were observed in treatments 4 and 3, respectively, and had a significant difference with treatments 1 and 2 (P<0.05). The Ankyra, Chlorella, Scenedesmus, Tetrastrum, Spirogyra, Navicula and filamentous algae had the highest frequency of phytoplankton in ponds as primary productions. The main zooplanktons and benthos of the ponds were Rotifer, Daphnia, Copepoda, Seratopogonide and Vetivolid. Therefore, according to the research objectives, increasing the production per unit area and optimizing the amount of fertilization in pond. Treatment 4 including plankton, and fertilization with concentration of 12,000kg/year had the best results, which if it mixed with vermicompost fertilizer will improve the carps culture system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Brazil semi-arid regions, excess of soluble salts is a limiting factor for the success of agricultural crops. An adequate supply of nutrients can cause positive responses in plant species under salt stress. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of nitrogen and potassium on the morphophysiology of passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) seedlings subjected to saline stress. The design was a randomized blocks design, with treatments generated by the Box Central Composite Design matrix. Five electrical conductivities of irrigation water (ECw = 0.5, 0.98, 2.15, 3.32, and 3.80 dS m-1), five doses of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) (0.0, 29.08, 100.0, 170.92, and 200.0%), in four replications. The combination of 200% NK stimulated the synthesis of chlorophyll a, and total chlorophyll under low salinity conditions (0.5 dS m-1). The chlorophyll a/b ratio was higher at ECw of 3.8 dS m-1 and under a concentration of 20.23% NK. The increase in water salinity from of 0.5 dS m-1 caused deleterious effects on the growth of passion fruit seedlings. The doses of NK between 100% and 120% improved the absolute growth rates of plant height and stem diameter, chlorophyll b, aerial dry matter, and total dry matter. The 200% dose of NK improved the leaf mass ratio. The combination of N and K applied foliar proved to be efficient in reducing the effects of salinity on the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments, providing better growth conditions for yellow passion fruit seedlings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of organic fertilizers, such as Blago 5 at doses of 300 and 600 ml/da and Fertileader Axis at doses of 500 and 1,000 ml/da were tested on a bird's foot trefoil grassland (Lotus corniculatus L.) in the experimental field of the Research Institute of Mountain Stockbreeding and Agriculture of Troyan (RIMSA) from 2020 to 2023. To analyze the main economic indicators based on dry matter yield, graphical and tabular methods, comparative methods were used; method of analysis and synthesis; descriptive statistical analysis and correlation analysis. The high productivity of the grassland treated with the Blago 5 at doses of 600 ml/da determined the lowest cost price and the highest profitability rate of this organic fertilizer. A strong correlation dependence of yield with gross revenue and gross profit (r=1.000) was established, and the high correlation coefficient between gross profit and profitability (0.994) proves the good interdependence between these two indicators. The established results show that Blago 5 applied at a dose of 600 ml/da is a suitable for practical use for the production of bird's foot trefoil forage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nativa is the property of Revista Nativa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study focuses on the effect of agricultural soil management on soil organic matter (SOM) composition. The addition of manure and crop residues was tested under different pedoclimatic conditions. The quality of SOM was assessed using diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy. The following parameters were calculated from the spectra: sum of aliphatic bands (ΣAL), aromatic bands at wave numbers 1 620 and 1 520 cm-1 (AR1620 and AR1520), potential wettability (PWI), organic matter quality (OMQ), and decomposability (DI) indexes. The addition of manure or crop residues may not cause fundamental changes in the qualitative composition of SOM. Rather, pedoclimatic conditions determine which components are fixed in the soil on a long-term scale. A dominant effect of soil type was found in the distribution of all spectral parameters studied using main effect ANOVA. The main differences between the soil types concern the aromatic, oxygen and nitrogen groups contained in the SOM. Chernozems are soils with higher OMQ and DI, whereas Cambisols are soils with low OMQ and DI and the highest PWI. The stabilisation of SOM in soils can thus be based on the biochemical persistence of organic molecules, their specific affinity for minerals and the formation of aggregates that protect enclosed SOM.

In the period 2018-2020, an experiment was carried out with tomato variety "Nikolina F1" on leached cinnamon forest soil. The influence of increasing irrigation and fertilizer rates delivered by fertigation on tomato yields was studied. The experiment contained 8 variants at two irrigation rates (1-4 variants - 100% MMC; 5-8 variants - 50% MMC) and increasing levels of fertigation (T1 and T5 - without fertilization; T2 and T6 - N15P8K15; T3 and T7 - N20P12K20; T4 and T8 - N25P16K25). The results show that the formed yields of tomatoes during the studied years are the result of the influence of climatic factors, applied fertilization and irrigation rates. The average yields of tomatoes from the three experimental years range between 2864.0 and 5601.3 kg.da-1 with an average yield of 4363.96 kg.da-1. With average yields for the three experimental years of 2145.3 kg.da-1 for 2018; 5513.63 kg.da-1 for 2019 and 5430.5 kg.da-1 for 2020, as the plants of variant T3 fertilizes with N20P12K20 and full irrigation rate - 100% MMC realized the highest yields, in 2018 with 23.1 %, in 2019 with 37.2% and in 2020 with 21.6% higher than the average yields for the respective years. The three-factor statistical analysis of the average yield data shows that the influence of the year is the strongest - 67.77% of the formed yields are dependent on the experimental year. The degree of influence of the applied fertigation is 19.5%, of the irrigation rate - 1.3%, of fertigation and the year is 7.48%, and the joint influence of fertilization and the irrigation rate is less than 1%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on the effect of agricultural soil management on soil organic matter (SOM) composition. The addition of manure and crop residues was tested under different pedoclimatic conditions. The quality of SOM was assessed using diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy. The following parameters were calculated from the spectra: sum of aliphatic bands (ΣAL), aromatic bands at wave numbers 1 620 and 1 520 cm--1 (AR1620 and AR1520), potential wettability (PWI), organic matter quality (OMQ), and decomposability (DI) indexes. The addition of manure or crop residues may not cause fundamental changes in the qualitative composition of SOM. Rather, pedoclimatic conditions determine which components are fixed in the soil on a long-term scale. A dominant effect of soil type was found in the distribution of all spectral parameters studied using main effect ANOVA. The main differences between the soil types concern the aromatic, oxygen and nitrogen groups contained in the SOM. Chernozems are soils with higher OMQ and DI, whereas Cambisols are soils with low OMQ and DI and the highest PWI. The stabilisation of SOM in soils can thus be based on the biochemical persistence of organic molecules, their specific affinity for minerals and the formation of aggregates that protect enclosed SOM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Japanese quails are hardy with huge potentials to bridge protein deficiency, hence the need for an assessment of their reproductive potentials. The egg-lime-molasses mixture (ELM) was prepared by placing 10 fresh chicken eggs (average weight of 58 g per egg) in a bowl, after which 1 liter of lime juice and 500 g of molasses were added, then it was covered and left for 10 days. The solution was then blended. Two hundred day-old Japanese quails were assigned to 5 treatments with 40 birds in a completely randomized design (CRD) and 4 replicates of 10 birds each. The control (T1) had no ELM, while treatments 2, 3, 4 and 5 (T2, T3, T4, and T5) had inclusions of 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% ELM in water, respectively. Data were collected on the morphometrics, egg characteristics, follicle stimulating, and leutenizing hormone concentrations. The findings revealed that at the early stage of laying, the administration of ELM did not have a significant effect (p > 0.05) on egg parameters. However, at the latter phase of egg laying, there was a significant effect (p < 0.05) on shell weight and albumen percentage. ELM did not have a significant effect (p > 0.05) on the production performance. There was no significant effect (p < 0.05) on follicular characteristics, while birds administered 30ml ELM/500ml of water had the significantly highest (p < 0.05) weights of oviduct (1.01 ± 0.01 g) and ovary (3.995 ± 0.005 g). Birds administered higher levels of ELM had significantly higher concentrations (p < 0.05) of leutenizing and follicle stimulating hormones. The inclusion of aqueous administration of ELM in drinking water has no detrimental effect on the reproductive potentials of female Japanese quails. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to observe the effects of two forage sorghum hybrids and different nitrogenous (N) fertilizer rates. The current study was set up in randomized complete block (RCB) as a split-plot design with triplicate at the Field Crops Department experimental area, University of Ankara in the 2022 summer season. This experiment included two treatments which had forage sorghum hybrids (Hay day and Super-graze) and nitrogen fertilization rates in the form of 18% ammonium sulfate [control group with no nitrogen (N0), 120 kg ha-1 N (N1), 180 kg ha-1 N (N2)]. N fertilizing rates positively influenced in agronomic profiles, yield components and nutritive profiles. The plant height (197.24-221.72 cm), green herbage yield (GHY) (60.42-70.89 ton ha-1), dry matter (DM) yield (17.77-23.98 ton ha-1), crude protein (CP) yield (0.97-1.90 ton ha-1), metabolic energy (ME) yield (33070.17-51840.85 Mcal ha-1), net energy production (NEp) yield (21164.91-33178.15 Mcal ha-1) increased with applied N rates. The maximum of DM (33.83%), CP (7.90%), TDN (58.63%), ME (2.16 Mcal kg-1 DM), NEp (1.80 Mcal kg-1 DM), and the minimum of ADF (33.09%), NDF (53.17%), ADL (5.14%) were obtained in N2 rates. In light of the results; "Hay-day" had more GHY. "Sugar-graze" had more DM yield and it was determined more digestible forage. It was inferred that the best yield components and nutritive profiles were obtained in N2 rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the period 2013-2015, boron, molybdenum and phosphorohumate and their impact on the economic analysis and ecological efficiency of the obtained fodder production were tested on natural grassland of Chrysopogon gryllus type. Based on a comparative evaluation of the main economic indicators of different types of fertilizers and dry matter yield per decare, it was found that foliar treatment of natural grassland of Chrysopogon gryllus type with boron and molybdenum humate had a positive effect on dry matter productivity. The imported molybdenum humate realized the highest revenues and gross profit and determined these two bioproducts as the most economically efficient for obtaining high yield and quality of fodder. The ecological effect of foliar treatment with biofertilizers significantly affects the floristic composition of the grassland, reducing the share of the main species Chrysopogon gryllus and motley grasses in the formed aboveground mass and increased the share of Agrostis capillaris and legume meadow grasses, such as Trifolium campestre and Lotus corniculatus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digestate from a biogas plant can be a valuable organic and mineral fertilizer. Quantitative proportions of cosubstrates used in three agricultural biogas plants in Poland were analyzed. The composition of digestates was examined and large differences in the content of macronutrients were found, especially N and K. On the basis of the factors used to calculate emissions from the production and use of artificial fertilizers, the greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction resulting from replacing mineral fertilizers with digestate was calculated. In terms of 1 Mg of fresh digestate, this reduction may not seem large, as it amounts to 27.9-61.6 kg of CO2 eq, but it should be taken into account that digestate contains little dry matter. The annual amount of digestate used on an area of 1 ha allows avoiding GHG emissions of 25.8-44.5 Mg CO2 eq. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Ipomoea batatas, popularly known as sweet potato, is a species of the Convolvulaceae family, with probable origin between Mexico and northern South America. Among the genotypes with economic potential, the biofortified cultivar Beauregard (Ipomoea batatas) stands out due to its rusticity and easy handling. Controlledrelease fertilizers were mostly used in studies developed in other countries, and their study being necessary in Brazilian soil and climatic conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the development of Beauregard biofortified cultivar, submitted to different fertilization technologies in vertical farming system. The plantlets received different doses of controlled-release fertilizer: 0.0 (control); 30; 60; 90; 120g and a dose of 40g per pit of NPK 13-13-28 of ready solubility. At 180 days, biometric and production parameter data were collected and submitted to regression analysis and variance analysis followed by the Scott-Knott test for mean separation. The application of controlled-release fertilizer showed a positive effect on the production of the studied cultivar, favoring the performance of the plants and promoting the increase especially in height, length of branches and number of leaves. The base application of controlled-release fertilizer at a dose of 30g per plant and traditional NPK fertilizer at a dose of 40g per plant promote higher yields of dry mass of shoots and root when compared to unfertilized plants in the cultivation of sweet potatoes in vertical farming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Relevance. Potatoes belong to crops that place high demands on the level of mineral nutrition. He needs nitrogen especially badly. Timely introduction of calculated doses of nitrogen fertilizers based on the results of photometric diagnostics of plants allows rational use of fertilizers and increase potato yields.Material and methods. The studies were carried out in the conditions of the Central region of the Non-Chernozem zone on sod-podzolic medium loamy soils with a high content of mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium and a low humus content (1,9%). The object of research is an early-ripening potato variety Bullfinch. To recalculate the dose of nitrogen fertilizing, photometric diagnostics of crops was carried out with an optical sensor GreenSeeker RT200. Additionally, before and after fertilizing, a manual N-tester Yara was examined. Before the main harvest, a control digging of tubers was carried out to determine the structure of the crop with division into 4 fractions.Results. It was found that the introduction of nitrogen fertilizers into the top dressing during the closing phase of the tops in the form of ammonium nitrate has a generally favorable effect on the growth and development of potatoes. This is confirmed by the results of photometric diagnostics performed by the Yara N-tester during the withering phase of the tops. When applying top dressing with a fixed dose, the N-tester readings were 21,7% higher than in the control, and when applying fertilizers with a differentiated dose by 25,6%. The yield of potato tubers increased when applying a fixed dose of top dressing by 10,8%, differentiated by 14,5% compared to the control.

Plasma treatment of animal manure is a new technology, enriching the manure with plant-available nitrogen. Therefore, the product is termed nitrogen-enriched organic fertilizer (NEO). The producer (N2 Applied) claims that NEO can be a sustainable alternative to conventional fertilizers used in agriculture. However, the effect of this product on soil-dwelling organisms is unknown. This study investigates and compares the effects of NEO on changes in soil fauna feeding activity, the abundance of springtails, and the abundance and weight of earthworms to mineral fertilizer, organic fertilizer (cattle slurry), and no fertilizer in pot and field experiments with sandy clay loam soil. Early effect evaluation (week 7) indicated influences on soil fauna feeding activity; among treatments, higher amounts of fertilizers went along with lower feeding activity, regardless of fertilizer type. However, the initial fertilizer application stimulation was transient and stabilized with time after fertilization towards mid-term (week 14) and late effect evaluations (week 21). Accordingly, differences between feeding activities were less than five percent at late effect evaluation. Similarly, none of the fertilizers used imposed adverse effects on the abundance of springtails and the abundance and weight of earthworms; these parameters were almost identical among all fertilizing treatments. After two years of application in field trials and in a pot experiment, NEO and the other used fertilizers seem not to harm the selected soil-dwelling organisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Relevance. When forcing tulips in the early spring period in conditions of protected soil, the effectiveness of fertilizers has not been sufficiently studied. Manufacturers and suppliers of planting material do not give clear recommendations on the timing and doses of the use of mineral fertilizers in the distillation process.Material and methods. The object of study was 6 varieties of tulips of the Dutch selection of the mid-early flowering period. In the experiment, a "9-degree distillation technology"was used. For mineral fertilizing of tulips, a solution of calcium nitrate – Ca(NO3)2 was used in concentrations of 0.1% and 0,2%. The repetition of the experience is fourfold. To assess the effect of fertilizing on the growth and development of tulips, the dynamics of changes in biomorphological indicators was studied: the height of the plants, the diameter of the flower, the mass of cut flowers, as well as the output of commercial products. Results. It was found that the use of calcium nitrate fertilization at a concentration of 0,2% at the early stages of plant development contributes to the formation of a larger cut in the studied varieties, characterized by a high strong stem exceeding the control by 3,83-43,8%, the formation of large peduncles with a diameter of 3,24-5,85 cm and an increase in the yield of marketable products reaching 98%. The profitability of this variant of applying calcium nitrate fertilizing is on average 42% for varieties.Results. It was found that the use of calcium nitrate fertilization at a concentration of 0,2% at the early stages of plant development contributes to the formation of a larger cut in the studied varieties, characterized by a high strong stem exceeding the control by 3,83- 43,8%, the formation of large peduncles with a diameter of 3,24-5,85 cm and an increase in the yield of marketable products reaching 98%. The profitability of this variant of applying calcium nitrate fertilizing is on average 42% for varieties.

The impact of the applied fertilizers and the drying process on the quality characteristics of the plums was determined. It was found that the applied agrotechnics had an impact on certain characteristics of fresh fruits from the studied variants. The measured colour coordinates of fresh plums showed that the method of cultivation (P < 0.05) had an impact on the brightness of the variants. The colour saturation had significantly been affected by the fruits with applied chicken manure, while the fruits of the other variants had values close to the control. It was found that the drying, using a heat pump dryer with temperature of t = 43 ± 2°C and φ = 10%, did not significantly affect the quantitative values of fruit colour, brightness, red colour tone, colour tone and saturation (P > 0.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maize (Zea mays L.) grain is an important source of nutrients in human diet. The differences in content and relations between certain components of maize grain impact grain colour and its nutritional quality. The objective of the Study was to examine effects of different fertilization systems: mineral fertilizer (urea), organic fertilizer, and biofertilizer on white, yellow, and red coloured maize hybrids, regarding grain yield and variations in content of antioxidants: phytate, phenolic compounds, glutathione, carotenoids (yellow pigment), and reduction capacity of DPPH radical. Two-fold higher average grain yield and double fold lower concentration of phenols and carotenoids were present in 2018, in comparison to drier 2017. The lowest phytate content and the highest values of phenols and DPPH reduction capacity were present in red maize kernel, as a hybrid with the highest yield, while in yellow maize kernel, the highest values of yellow pigment and glutathione occurred. The bio-fertilizer expressed the positive impact on reduction of phytate concentration and increase of phenols concentration in maize grain, while urea increased concentration of yellow pigment and glutathione. Correlation analysis showed that reduction in phytate and carotenoids was significant and positive related with grain yield increase, while phenols showed positive correlation with reduction capacity of DPPH radical. Thus, it was shown that changes in fertilization methods could affect antioxidants status in maize grain, particularly in red coloured maize, which besides high yield potential, possess remarkable higher antioxidant capacity in regard to yellow and white coloured maize. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista IRRIGA - Brazilian Journal of Irrigation & Drainage is the property of Revista IRRIGA (Brazilian Journal of Irrigation & Drainage) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Intercropping soybean with corn on dry land with dry climate (DLDC) is an alternative program to expand the soybean cultivation harvested area. This study evaluated the effectiveness of fertilization performance in the intercropping of soybean-corn in DLDC. The experiment in this study was arranged in a randomized block design, consisting of seven fertilizer package treatments with four replications. The spacing between corn (Pertiwi 3) and soybean (Dena 1) was (50 cm x 200 cm) x 40 cm (2 plants/clump) and between soybeans (Dena 1) was 40 cm x 15 cm (2-3 plants/clumps). The observations consisted of soil analysis (pH, organic matter, total N (Kjeldahl), available P, Ca-dd, Mg-dd, K-dd, and Na-dd), soybean leaf chlorophyll index (45 and 60 days after planting/dap), plant height at (45 daps and harvest), number and weight of root nodules (45 daps); Corn: chlorophyll index (56 daps), plant height (harvest), analysis of corn and soybean plant tissue (60 daps), yield, and yield components of dry seeds of soybean and corn per hectare. The results showed that effective fertilization for the intercropped crops was 53 kg N + 1,500 kg of manure per hectare in corn plant and 7 kg N + 22 kg P2O5 + 18 kg K2O + 1,500 kg/ha manure + Rhizobium Iletrisoy/Agrisoy in soybean crops.

The purpose of the paper is to determine the environmentally safe and economically feasible technology of biofertilizer production from the digestate including dewatering process. Methodological basis is based on the systematic approach to the determination of factors effected on the distribution of nutrients and pollutants between liquid and solid fractions after digestate separation. We studied modern technologies aimed at dewatering the digestate and reduction of its volume, showed their effectiveness. These technologies allow expanding the opportunities for commercialization of the digestate, increasing the cost of its transportation and application to the soil instead of complex fertilizers, using some valuable products. The results of the study showed that the ecological quality of the digestate is the highest as well as co-digested thermally pre-treated feedstock is used for solid-liquid separation in centrifuge with polymer addition as post-treatment approach to the flocculation. In order to increase efficiency of biofertilizer application the technological scheme of production process of granular fertilizers from digestate was proposed. Special feature of this scheme is in the use of phosphogypsum binder for the production of organomineral fertilizer that contributes phosphogypsum recycling in the waste management system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cultivation of mustards green on floating raft is one of alternative cultivations which is applied by traditional farmers during flooding period in Riparian Wetland. The cultivation will increase Cropping Index and farmer’s income. The objective of this research is to evaluate growth and yield of mustards green on floating cultivation with the application of different NPK doses, polybag sizes, and fertilization times to find cultivation of mustards green which effective and efficient. This research was conducted on October 2016–February 2017 in Jakabaring Facility (104°46’44” E; 3°01’35” S) and Kimia Hasil Pertanian (LKHP) Laboratory, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang. This research consisted of two steps. The first experiment used a completely randomized design with four doses of NPK (16:16:16) namely 0 (control), 5, 10, and 15 g plant-1. The second experiment used a Split Plot Design consisted of two factors namely polybag size (A1 and A2) and fertilization time (F1, F2, and F3). The result of the first experiment showed that utilization three doses of NPK significantly increased shoot length, number of leaves, and fresh weight compared control. The second experiment showed that polybag size and fertilization time did not significantly affect growth and yield parameters. Utilization of 5 g plant-1 of NPK on 1 week after transplanting (WAT) which used polybag size of 30 x 30 cm on growing media consisted of soil, manure, and rice husk (1:1:1/v:v:v) produced an effective and efficient cultivation of mustards green.

The interaction of phosphorus (P) and zinc (Zn) is a crucial factor affecting crop yield in agricultural production called a P-induced Zn deficiency. The application of Zn and P together reduces deficiencies and increases plant growth by more than the sum of the increases from Zn and P alone. This experiment was carried out during two seasons, in consecutive years, to study the effect of P and Zn levels on the physical, physiological and anatomical response in table beet plants. Treatment one was as control; the second treatment was 35 P units with 5, 10, and 20 Zn units; the third treatment was 40 P units with 5, 10, and 20 Zn units; and the fourth treatment was 45 P units with 5, 10, and 20 Zn units. The data showed that the number of leaves and the root diameters were high with the addition of 40 P units and 10 Zn units, and the roots fresh and dry weights were high under 40 P units and 10 Zn units in both seasons. The contents of TSS, AA, TS, ACY, N, P, and K were significantly increased by the use of 40 and 45 P units combined with 5 and 10 Zn units. The anatomical alterations in both leaf blade, epidermal layers, midrib zone, vessel diameter, vascular bundle area, palisade, and spongy tissues were studied. The results recommend that fertilizing table beet plants with 40 P units and 10 Zn units is suitable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Blackcurrant fruits of Titania, Lisil and Ben Lоmond cultivars, grown at a collection plantation at RIMSA-Troyan, were studied and compared with the control for each fruit in terms of their physicochemical and colour indicators. The impact of each cultivar and the applied agrotechnics on the physicochemical and colour characteristics of the fruits were analyzed. It was found that the cultivar difference and the agrotechniques did not affect the soluble dry matter and the active acidity of the fruit. Тhe agrotechniques had an impact on the colour brightness only in the fruits of the Titania cultivar. It had higher values in comparison with the organically grown control fruits of the Lisil and Ben Lomond cultivars. The red colour component was not affected by the method of cultivation in the fruits of the tested cultivars. Significant impact on the blue/yellow colour component was caused by the agrotechniques in the fruits of the Ben Lomond cultivar, as the fruits of the control are yellow and the organically grown fruits have a blue colour. The most stable colour of all analyzed fruits was observed in organically grown fruits of the Titania cultivar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2021, an experiment was set for drying blackcurrant fruit from the Titania and Lisil cultivars in two variants: control and the application of YaraMila STAR mineral fertilizer. Indicators of the biochemical composition of fresh and dried fruits from the variants of both cultivars were reported. The dry matter weight of fresh fruit between cultivars and variants ranged from 22.95% (Lisil-in the application of mineral fertilizers) to 27.19% (Titania-from the control). The highest refractometric dry substance was registered in the control of Titania with 18.5%. The highest value of total sugars was registered in Titania, but in the variant with mineral fertilizer with 16.20%. The highest values of anthocyanins (99.68 mg/%) and pectin (2.90%) were reported in that variant of the cultivar. Higher values were observed than Lisil variants in terms of total polyphenols, respectively: YaraMila STAR (358.37 mg/%) and control (324.41 mg/%). The dry matter weight in dried fruits was in the range from 84.92% (Titaniacontrol) to 86.80% of the same cultivar in the mineral fertilizing variant (YaraMila STAR). The highest content of total sugars was registered in the control variant of Titania (39.30%). The highest content of sucrose was found in the control group with Titania (19.19%), as well as for the indicators of anthocyanins (100.81 mg/%), and pectin (1.88%). The highest amounts of total polyphenols were found in the group with mineral fertilizing in fruits of Titania (567.33 mg/%) and slightly less in the control of the same cultivar (554.60 mg/%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Spatial variability management of soil chemical attributes is one of the approaches to be employed in the face of the constant challenge of increasing agricultural yield to meet world demand. In this sense, precision agriculture has as one of its tools the application of inputs at varying rates, which seeks to determine the ideal amount of fertilizer at each point of the crop, contrary to the conventional recommendation approach based on average values. In this context, this work studied the fertilizer recommendation methods used in site-specific nutrient management and the calculation methodologies for N, P, and K recommendations. For this purpose, a systematic literature study (SLS), consisting of systematic literature mapping, snowballing, and systematic literature review was performed. The analyzed studies were grouped into five domains (precision agriculture, soil fertility, site-specific nutrient application, fertilizer recommendation methods, and recommendation software for site-specific nutrient application). As a result, the SLS identified 12 methods for recommending N, nine for recommending P, and six for recommending K, in addition to five computer programs for precision agriculture that perform fertilizer recommendations at varying rates.

The interaction of phosphorus (P) and zinc (Zn) is a crucial factor affecting crop yield in agricultural production called a P-induced Zn deficiency. The application of Zn and P together reduces deficiencies and increases plant growth by more than the sum of the increases from Zn and P alone. This experiment was carried out during two seasons, in consecutive years, to study the effect of P and Zn levels on the physical, physiological and anatomical response in table beet plants. Treatment one was as control; the second treatment was 35 P units with 5, 10, and 20 Zn units; the third treatment was 40 P units with 5, 10, and 20 Zn units; and the fourth treatment was 45 P units with 5, 10, and 20 Zn units. The data showed that the number of leaves and the root diameters were high with the addition of 40 P units and 10 Zn units, and the roots fresh and dry weights were high under 40 P units and 10 Zn units in both seasons. The contents of TSS, AA, TS, ACY, N, P, and K were significantly increased by the use of 40 and 45 P units combined with 5 and 10 Zn units. The anatomical alterations in both leaf blade, epidermal layers, midrib zone, vessel diameter, vascular bundle area, palisade, and spongy tissues were studied. The results recommend that fertilizing table beet plants with 40 P units and 10 Zn units is suitable.

The influence of different nitrogen and potassium ratios on mineral nutrition and resistance of tomato plants to leafminer fly attack was evaluated. Tomato variety Alambra F1 was grown to conduct the experiment in a randomized block design, with 4 repetitions, in a 5 × 5 factorial scheme, being 5 doses of nitrogen and 5 doses of potassium at levels 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200% for each nutrient and in a 5 × 5 factorial design, being 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 for each ratio between nitrogen and potassium (N/K) in the analyses on the leafminer fly. For infestation, the 3rd or 4th leaf was selected and covered with a Voile-type cloth bag with 10 leaf fly adults for 24 hours. The confinement test took place on the 3rd or 4th leaf, where nitrogen and potassium contents, larval and pupal duration and viability, longevity and sex ratio of the adults were also analyzed. The tomato plants showed increasing levels of nitrogen and potassium as their respective levels increased in the combinations studied. The N/K 1/1 ratio showed unfavorable averages for the insect as egg viability and/or larval development of Liriomyza sativae, indicating a possible induced resistance of the tomato plants to the leafminer fly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT The occurrence of water sources with high concentrations of salts is a common problem in the semi-arid region of north-eastern Brazil. The search for management strategies that can minimize the effect of salt stress on crops is therefore extremely important. As such, this study aimed to evaluate gas exchange and production in the yellow passion fruit ‘BRS GA1’as a function of irrigation strategies using brackish water and doses of potassium. The research was carried out under field conditions in São Domingos, in the state of Paraíba, Brazil, using a randomized block design in a 6 × 2 factorial scheme, with treatments comprising six irrigation strategies using water (irrigation with low-salinity water throughout the cycle – WS; irrigation with high-salinity water during the vegetative stage – VE; during the flowering stage – FL; the fruiting stage – FR; during successive vegetative/flowering stages - VE/FL; successive vegetative/fruiting stages - VE/FR) and two doses of potassium (60% and 100% of the recommended dose of 345 g K2O per plant per year), with four replications and three plants per plot. Two levels of water salinity (1.3 and 4.0 dS m−1) were used during different phenological stages of the crop. Irrigation with water at 4.0 dS m−1 reduced the leaf water potential, leaf osmotic potential, stomatal conductance, transpiration, and rate of CO2 assimilation of the yellow passion fruit, regardless of the irrigation strategy. The continuous salt stress during the vegetative and flowering stages compromised production in the yellow passion fruit.low-salinity water throughout the cycle – WS; irrigation with high-salinity water during the vegetative stage – VE; during the flowering stage – FL; the fruiting stage – FR; during successive vegetative/flowering stages - VE/FL; successive vegetative/fruiting stages - VE/FR) and two doses of potassium (60% and 100% of the recommended dose of 345 g K2O per plant per year), with four replications and three plants per plot. Two levels of water salinity (1.3 and 4.0 dS m−1) were used during different phenological stages of the crop. Irrigation with water at 4.0 dS m−1 reduced the leaf water potential, leaf osmotic potential, stomatal conductance, transpiration, and rate of CO2 assimilation of the yellow passion fruit, regardless of the irrigation strategy. The continuous salt stress during the vegetative and flowering stages compromised production in the yellow passion fruit.

To investigate the main factors affecting chlorosis of camphor tree leaves in Zhangjiagang city, taking the site soil of chlorosis camphor tree on both sides of the 4 main streets in Zhangjiagang city as research object and with the site soil of normal camphor tree as contrast, the soil samples from 0 to 20 cm and from 20 to 40 cm were collected, and the physical and chemical properties of soil sample were determined. The relationship between chlorosis camphor trees and soil physical and chemical properties was analyzed. The results show that soil pH, HC03 -, available phosphorus and available copper of chlorosis trees are higher than those of normal trees, while organic matter, available nitrogen, available potassium, available iron, available manganese and available zinc are lower. Soil pH, HC03 -, available phosphorus and available copper are negative correlation with available iron, while organic matter, available nitrogen, available potassium, available manganese and available zinc are positive correlation with available iron. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During our experiments in 2017/2018 crop year at Látókép Experimental Farm of University of Debrecen, we examined the effect of different cultivars and increased dosages of artificial fertilizer (control, N90PK, N150PK) on quality of wheat gluten. The gluten quality parameters of winter wheat were significantly influenced by fertilizing and cultivar. N90PK dosage improved significantly the measured parameters, further fertilizer application had no statistically provable effect. Application of artificial fertilizers increased significantly the gluten spread of the samples, compared to the control ones. KG Kunhalom had significantly higher crude protein (CP), wet gluten (WGC), dry gluten, gluten ratio and Zeleny index (ZI) parameters, this means that KG Kunhalom had the best protein and gluten quality potential. Also only KG Kunhalom with N150PK fertilizing treatment complied with the Hungarian premium class. According to Hungarian standard, samples with control treatment and Hybiza with any fertilizing treatment were unfit to bakery use. Using Pearson’s correlation analysis results, CP and ZI were in tight positive; WGC was in medium positive, while gluten index was in loose negative correlation with fertilizing. In the case of growing wheat for baking use, there is a need to put great emphasis on selecting the right cultivar and agrotechnology practices.

Over the years of research, the winter durum wheat variety “Agat Donskoy” sown in weedfree fallow showed a good resistance to lodging with no fertilizing (4 points), average resistance to lodging (3 points) with two nitrogen dosings: in spring in thawed frozen soil (N30) and in the period of earing (N30). The winter durum wheat variety “Agat Donskoy” sown after sunflower showed a high tolerance to lodging (5 points) for 3 years on average. Sown in weedfree fallow the largest productivity (6.09 and 6.13 t/ha) and the surplus to the control (0.54 and 0.57 t/ha) were formed by the variety when fertilizing with the basic dosing (P60K40) and with one or two nitrogen dosings (N30 in spring in thawed frozen soil and in the period of earing). At the same time, the grain had a high percentage of protein 15% and gluten 28.1% that corresponded to the 1st quality class. The winter durum wheat variety “Agat Donskoy” sown in weedfree fallow proved to be highly profitable (at the level of 163-201%). The winter durum wheat variety “Agat Donskoy” sown after sunflower produced the largest surplus of yield (1.00 and 1.25 t/ha) when fertilizing with N40P60K40 and the use of one or two nitrogen dosings (N30 in spring in thawed frozen soil and in the period of earing). The profitability of the variety sown after sunflower was 113-147%. According to the GOST the obtained characteristics allow referring the winter durum wheat variety “Agat Donskoy” to the 2-3d quality class.

As organic agriculture represents one of the most sustainable ways of agricultural land use, the key purpose of this research was to improve confectionary sunflower production in organic agriculture. The trial compared seed yield per plant of conventional confectionary sunflower hybrids in organic vs conventional production. Subsequently, 1000 seed weight, seed yield per plant and kernel ratio of confectionary hybrids treated with the following fertilizers used in organic production: fertilizer of animal origin (G), fertilizer based on amino acids and nitrogen (T) and microbiological fertilizer (N) were compared with untreated control (C). Fertilizers enhanced yield of sunflower compared to untreated control; the highest yield was recorded in combined of G+N and G+T, all in organic agriculture system. NS Gricko had the lowest seed yield per plant compared to the other hybrids that significantly increased when treated with G+N fertilizers; same results were obtained in treatments of NS Slatki, and NS Leviathan. Preliminary results of the study indicated that application of organic fertilizers can have a positive effect on yield of sunflower in organic production conditions, which indicates that further research is necessary.

Plasma treatment of animal manure is a new technology, enriching the manure with plant-available nitrogen. Therefore, the product is termed nitrogen-enriched organic fertilizer (NEO). The producer (N2 Applied) claims that NEO can be a sustainable alternative to conventional fertilizers used in agriculture. However, the effect of this product on soil-dwelling organisms is unknown. This study investigates and compares the effects of NEO on changes in soil fauna feeding activity, the abundance of springtails, and the abundance and weight of earthworms to mineral fertilizer, organic fertilizer (cattle slurry), and no fertilizer in pot and field experiments with sandy clay loam soil. Early effect evaluation (week 7) indicated influences on soil fauna feeding activity; among treatments, higher amounts of fertilizers went along with lower feeding activity, regardless of fertilizer type. However, the initial fertilizer application stimulation was transient and stabilized with time after fertilization towards mid-term (week 14) and late effect evaluations (week 21). Accordingly, differences between feeding activities were less than five percent at late effect evaluation. Similarly, none of the fertilizers used imposed adverse effects on the abundance of springtails and the abundance and weight of earthworms; these parameters were almost identical among all fertilizing treatments. After two years of application in field trials and in a pot experiment, NEO and the other used fertilizers seem not to harm the selected soil-dwelling organisms.

Understanding the photosynthetic characteristics of high-yield soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] cultivar (HYC) would aid research aiming at investi-gating the soybean high yield formation mechanism and optimization of cultivation system. To assess the photosynthesis of HYC, a pot experiment was conducted to quantify the differences in photosynthetic characteristics between HYC and common-yield soybean cultivar (CC) under different planting densities, fertilization rates, and single/mixed planting patterns. The leaf greenness (Lg), net photosynthetic rate (Ph), stomatal conductance (St) and transpiration rate (Tr) were significantly higher in HYC than CC mainly in seed-filling stages. HYC was more tolerant to dense and mixed planting because the decreases of Ph and St under high planting density and those of Ph, St, and Tr under mixed planting were lower in HYC than CC. The Lg and Ph in HYC were more superior to those in CC at high fertilization rate. Thus, the HYC has a superior performance in photosynthetic characteristics under the varied cultivation practices, which may contribute to the greater seed yield in HYC than CC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The knowledge of fertilization in ornamental plant production is essential to improve productivity and longevity of plants and their flowers. In the case of Hemerocallis x hybrida Hort. there is only few studies showing this relation. The lack of research in the field led the execution of this study, which aimed to evaluate the effect of different doses of NPK on the growth of daylily cultivar Regina. The study was conducted in an experimental area at Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, located in Toledo, PR, Brazil. Seedlings were obtained from dividing the parent plants' clumps which were cultivated in a clonal garden. Subsequently, standardization was carried out regarding the length of the aerial part of 10 cm and root system of approximately 5 cm. The experimental design used was randomized blocks with five treatments, containing four replications with five plants each. The treatments consisted of five doses (0; 4.5; 9.0; 13.5 and 18.0 g pl-1) using NPK (4-14-8). The parameters evaluated were number of shoots per plant, number of leaves per shoot, number of stems per plant, length of stems per plant and number of flower buds per stems. We observed the flowering timing was influenced by the different doses of NPK. There was linear fit for the parameters and the dose of 18 g pl-1 promoted the best results, except for the number of stems per plant. The results indicate that increasing doses of NPK positively influence the flowering period, and promote an increase in the number of shoots, stem length and number of flower buds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the photosynthetic characteristics of high-yield soybean [Glycine max ( L ) Merr J cultivar ( HYC) would aid research aiming at investigating the soybean high yield formation mechanism and optimization of cultivation system. To assess the photosynthesis of HYC, a pot experiment was conducted to quantify the differences in photosynthetic characteristics between HYC and common-yield soybean cultivar (CC) under different planting densities, fertilization rates, and single/ mixed planting patterns. The leaf greenness (lg), net photosynthetic rate ( Ph), stomata! conductance (St) and transpiration rate (Tr) were significantly higher in HYC than CC mainly in seed-filling stages. HYC was more tolerant to dense and mixed planting because the decreases of Ph and St under high planting density and those of Ph, St, and Tr under mixed planting were lower in HYC than CC. The lg and Ph in HYC were more superior to those in CC at high fertilization rate. Thus, the HYC has a superior performance in photosynthetic characteristics under the varied cultivation practices, which may contribute to the greater seed yield in HYC than CC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Slow-release fertilizers (SRF) are under development worldwide, and are characterized as intelligent fertilizers, with a high degree of technology employed, capable of releasing nutrients over time to the plant. It reduces the loss of fertilizer by leaching and volatization, increasing the absorption efficiency of the plant. Its use in agriculture has shown satisfactory gains in productivity, with the possibility of containing input and labor costs. Due to the advantages of its use, this review aims to clarify the classification of these fertilizers and to understand the dynamics of their use in the forest sector. The use of SRF for seedling production in the forestry sector is already consolidated, enabling greater growth of plants in nursery. The use of SRF in forest plantations is still incipient, due to the lack and low supply of fertilizers with compatible formulations for forest species. However, there are already some studies in the literature with preliminary results, with an increase in initial growth and economy of inputs. Thus, we believe that the use of this fertilizer technology can lead to improved crop quality and increased productivity, as well as minimizing environmental impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change raises the question of demand for more economical ways to use irrigation water. Against the background of different levels of fertilization, cotton varieties have been tested. The experiment was performed under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions. The experiment was performed in the experimental field of the Trakia University, Stara Zagora during the period 2018-2020. Cotton productivity has been established under non-irrigated and irrigated conditions. The analysis of the results shows that the naturally colored variety Isabel, when realizing irrigations, on average for the period forms a yield 39.9% higher than the non-irrigated one. Under irrigated conditions, the Darmi variety increased productivity by 34.3%. An increase of 27.9% was registered for the Helios variety. The Isabel variety has the highest values of the irrigation water efficiency coefficient (0.88-1.11). Against the background of different levels of fertilization, the Darmi variety forms an efficiency coefficient from 0.9 to 1.03. Helios variety is responsive to irrigation, but on average for the three-year period stands out with the lowest values of efficient use of water resources (0.53 - 0.95). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genotypes present differential behavior as a function of genotype x environment interaction, having an effect on heritability estimation and selection gain. Thus, the present study was carried out with the objective of studying the interaction genotype x environment, for oil content in corn grains, as a function of nitrogen doses and sowing times. In the agricultural year 2015/16, six competition trials of maize genotypes were carried out in Palmas-TO, three of which were installed on 12.01.2015 and three on 01.01.2016. The trials were installed at two sowing times, and in each season, the genotypes were cultivated under conditions of low, medium and high nitrogen in coverage. The experimental design used in each trial was randomized blocks with 12 genotypes and three replicates. Analyzes of adaptability, stability, stratification and environmental dissimilarity were performed. The genotype GEN 12 is potentially promising for the oil content, being considered ideal by the methodology of Eberhart & Russel (1966). Evaluations of maize genotypes, carried out at different times under the same fertilization dose, provide similar results.

The article considers the results of three-year trials carried out on the experimental plots of All-Russian Research Institute of Meliorated Lands (ARRIML). On the plots located on the drained sod-podzolic soils of various mechanic composition, there was studied the features of formation of the indexes of photosynthetic ability of spring wheat in the various agrolandscape conditions. The article presents the dependence of the indexes of water-air regime of the arable soil layer, assimilative activity of spring wheat sowings, the value of its productivity due to the studied factors. The best conditions of the moisture supply of the arable soil layer have been created on the medium loamy gley soils of the northern slope in contradiction to the slightly loamy gley soils of the flat top and the sand-loamy weak gley soils of the southern slope. The increase of the amount of the fertilizers for the spring wheat in all agromicrolandscapes gave positive effect on the formation of suitable surface. The use of the combination of 12 t/ha of multi-purpose compost and N60 Р60 К60 turned to be the most efficient on the slopes. Not only the leaf area, but also the total photosynthetic capacity of spring wheat sowings increased due to the increasing of fertilizing, especially on the slopes. According to the experimental results, the use of 2.89 t/ha of multi-purpose compost on the medium loamy gley soils of the northern slope, 2.32 t/ha of multi-purpose compost on the slightly loamy gley soils of the flat top and 2.59 t/ha of multi-purpose compost with N60 Р60 К60on the sand-loamy weak gley soils of the southern slope produced the best yields of spring wheat. It’s necessary to mention that in the variants of high level of fertilizing on the northern slope and on the flat top there has been a lodging of plants that reduced the productivity.

The article has presented the study results of the effect of various doses of nitrogen fertilizers on the tillering of two rice varieties and the hybrid population of the fourth generation, obtained during the hybridization of ‘Lampo’x’Komandor’. In Russia, where rice is cultivated according to the technology of the direct sowing into the soil, the domestic varieties possess insufficient tillering, so we have to create a necessary density of stand due to the increased seeding rate. The method has got some advantages due to better maturation of plants and rapid harvesting, but when we disorder the soil layout, the seedlings become sparser and the productivity reduces. We can solve the problem with the fast maturing rice varieties, possessing high tillering and rapid maturation of the stem shoots. The main purpose of the work is to study the correlation of tillering with other factors of productivity, its inheritance and its expression in the various environmental and fertilizing conditions, the possibility of its combining with other economic-valuable traits to breed a productive, fast maturing rice variety with high tillering, tolerance to lodging and diseases, good quality of kernels, adapted to the local climate and soil. The parental varieties significantly differed from each other. The variety ‘Lampo’ possesses a high potential of tillering, ‘Komandor’ possesses a low one. It has been determined that nitrogen fertilizing changes the average parameters of the trait. The tillering of the studied varieties and hybrids increases on 0.76-1.36 stems/plant on average when the doses of fertilizers increase on 30 kg/ha. Thereby the increase of the doses of fertilizers doesn’t have a significant effect on the inheritance of the trait. The hybrid always occupies an intermediate position among the parental varieties. The use of the revealed regularities in the breeding work gave the possibility to breed the rice variety ‘Akustik’ with the genes of high tillering. In 2015 the variety was sent to the State Variety Testing.