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Stilobezzia (Stilobezzia) campinaranensis n. sp. (Figs. 24–33; 50) Type material. Holotype male (INPA) labeled: “Holotype Stilobezzia (Stilobezzia) campinaranensis Silva & Cazorla ”. BRAZIL, Amazonas, Manaus, Campina Biological Reserve, Campinarana, 02º58′94″ S – 60º03′07″ W, suspensa trap over stream, 13–27.vii.2018, I.M Da Silva and R. Ferreira-Keppler. Allotype female, same data as holotype, except: light trap over stream, 04.x.2018, I.M. Da Silva. Paratypes. 2 males and 2 females, same data as holotype except: 23.viii–04.ix.2018: 1 male (INPA); 04– 18.ix.2018: 1 male, 1 female (INPA); 14–28.vi.2018: 1 female (INPA). Diagnosis. Only extant species of Stilobezzia (Stilobezzia) in the Neotropical Region dark and large (wing 1.36 mm long and 0.48 mm wide). Male: rod-shaped lightly sclerotized parameres, and aedeagus composed of two stout, hook-shaped sclerite. Female: sternite 8 quadrangular with a V-shaped posteromedian excavation and 3 pairs of setae; sternite 9 with folded inner margins, and two ovoid and sclerotized spermathecae measuring 80–50 µm and 60–40 µm, with narrow necks. Description. Male. Head (Fig. 24) dark brown. Antenna dark brown; flagellomeres 1-10 pale basally; 11–13 elongate, darker; 11–12 with basal stout setae; AR 0.71–0.80 (0.75; n=3). Palpus dark brown; segment 3 enlarged, stout, with stout setae and round sensory pit; segment 5 as long as segment 3; PR 2.20–2.78 (2.57; n=3). Thorax (Fig. 24) dark brown; scutum with a poorly developed anteromedial rounded projection, posterior portion between wings slightly flattened; scutellum with 2 medial and 2 lateral setae. Legs brown; hind tibia with stout apical spine; tibial comb with 6 spines; tarsomeres pale brown; tarsomere 1 of foreleg with 3–4 stout apical spines; tarsomere 1 of hind leg with 1 very stout apical spine; prothoracic TR 2.03–2.12 (2.08; n=3); mesothoracic TR 2.25–2.53 (2.42; n=3); metathoracic TR 1.90 (1.87–1.93, n=3). Wing (Fig. 27) hyaline; second radial cell 4x longer than first cubital fork beyond level of base of r-m cross-vein; length 1.22–1.50 mm (1.36 mm; n=2); width 0.40–0.56 mm (0.48 mm; n=2); CR 0.77–0.80 (0.78; n=2). Halter brown. Abdomen (Fig. 24) with tergites 1-8 brown; dark spots on pleurae. Genitalia (Figs. 29–30) brown; tergite 9 with rounded posterior margin, extending to apex of gonocoxites; cerci inconspicuous. Sternite 9 8X wider than long, with deep excavation. Gonocoxite 1,37X longer than wide, with broad mid-section. Gonostylus slightly curved distally, basally broader than long, with blunt apex. Parameres (Fig. 31) subparallel, rod-shaped, lightly sclerotized, slender distally; basal portion narrow, broadest at mid-length with curved apices that overlap; basal apodemes sclerotized. Aedeagus (Fig. 32) composed of two stout, hook-shaped sclerites. Female. Similar to male with the following notable sexual differences: Head (Fig. 25). Flagellomeres 9–13 darker; AR 1.10–1.16 (1.13; n=4). Palpus with stout segment 3; PR 1.85–2.45 (2.25; n=4). Mandible with 6–7 teeth. Thorax. Tarsomeres (Fig. 26) slightly paler than tibiae and tarsi; claws as long as tarsomeres 5; basal tooth surpassing mid-length of the claws; prothoracic TR 2.08–2.21 (2.17; n=4), mesothoracic TR 2,40–2,66 (2,52; n=4), metathoracic TR 1.90–2.06 (1.98; n=4). Wing (Fig. 28) with a few macrotrichiae at apex, on R 1 and R 3; length 1.38–1.56 mm (1.45 mm; n=4), width 0.50–0.54 mm (0.52 mm; n=4), CR 0.79–1.23 (0.91; n=4). Abdomen (Figs. 25, 33). Sternite 8 quadrangular with V-shaped posteromedian excavation and 3 pairs of setae; sternite 9 with folded inner margins; sternite 10 with 1 pair of setae; cerci rounded, short. Two ovoid, sclerotized spermathecae with short necks, measuring 80–50 µm and 60–40 µm, plus, an ovoid rudimentary third spermatheca. Distribution. Brazil (Manaus, Amazonas). Etymology. The specific name campinaranesis refers to the site where this species was collected, in the Campinarana forest, Campina Biological Reserve. Discussion. This new species resembles S. (S.) brasiliensis n. sp. (described above) by the anterior rounded projection of the scutum and its flattened posterior portion, and the 3–4 spines on the basitarsus of the foreleg. The parameres are similar to those of S. (S.) paulistensis Lane, 1947, but differing in the shape of the apical portion. The aedeagus resembles those of S. (S.) simplex Lane & Forattini, 1958 and S. (S.) transversa Lane & Forattini, 1958, except for their apical portion that are not hook-shaped.

Stilobezzia (Eukraiohelea) proxima Cazorla & Felippe-Bauer (Figs. 44–45) Stilobezzia (Eukraiohelea) proxima Cazorla & Felippe-Bauer in: Cazorla et al. 2017: 562 (male, female, Brazil); Borkent & Dominiak 2020: 177 (in Online World Catalog); Santarém & Felippe-Bauer 2022: 19 (Brazilian Catalog; distribution). Type. Holotype male, labeled: “ Stilobezzia (Eukraiohelea) proxima Cazorla & Felippe-Bauer, BRAZIL, Rio de Janeiro, Casimiro de Abreu, Union Biological Reserve (22°25′35″ S; 42°02′04″ W), 07.xi–13.xii.2013, “Biota Diptera Fluminense ” team col., Malaise trap ”, (CCER). Allotype female; paratypes: 1 male, same data as holotype (CCER), 1 male, 1 female same data except 25.viii–26.xi.2013 ”, (CCER). Material examined. BRAZIL, Amazonas, Manaus, Campina Biological Reserve, 02º36′19″ S – 60º02′11″ W, Malaise trap, 04–18.ix.2018, I.M. Da Silva and R.L. Ferreira-Keppler, 1 male; same data except 04–18.x.2018, 4 females. Comments. This Neotropical species was described by Cazorla & Felippe-Bauer (2017), and its type locality is in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. We provide the first record of this species from the state of Amazonas, that was collected in the Campina Biological Reserve, in the rural region of Manaus., Published as part of Da Silva, Irene M., Ferreira-Keppler, Ruth L. & Cazorla, Carla G., 2023, Stilobezzia Kieffer (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from the Brazilian Amazon: three new species, redescription of S. (Stilobezzia) maculata Lane and new records, pp. 485-499 in Zootaxa 5249 (4) on page 494, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5249.4.6, http://zenodo.org/record/7694629, {"references":["Cazorla, C. G., Cardoso, E. A. & Felippe-Bauer, M. L. (2017) Contributions to the knowledge of predaceous midges of the subgenus Eukraiohelea Ingran & Macfie of Stilobezzia Kieffer (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), from Brazil. Zootaxa, 4324 (3), 557 - 570. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4324.3.9","Borkent, A. & Dominiak, P. (2020) Catalog of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa, 4787 (1), 1 - 377. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4787.1.1","Santarem, M. C. A. & Felippe-Bauer, M. L. (2022) Especies de Maruins do Brasil (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, 68 pp."]}

Stilobezzia (Stilobezzia) chaconi Macfie (Fig. 47) Stilobezzia chaconi Macfie, 1938: 166 (Trinidad and Tobago). Stilobezzia (Stilobezzia) chaconi Lane & Forattini, 1961: 87 (pupa; distribution); Borkent & Spinelli 2000: 54 (in New World Catalog south of USA; distribution); Borkent & Spinelli 2007: 86 (in Neotropical Catalog; distribution); Cazorla 2016: 187 (distribution; Argentina); Borkent & Dominiak 2020: 178 (in Online World Catalog); Santarém & Felippe-Bauer 2022: 19 (Brazilian catalog; distribution). Type. Holotype male labeled: TRINIDAD: St. Augustine, 29.viii.1936, in the light (BMNH). Material examined. BRAZIL, Amazonas, Manaus, Mindu Municipal Park, 03º04′44″ S – 60º00′28″ W, illuminated bed sheet trap, 23.ix.2016, I.M. Da Silva and R. L. Ferreira-Keppler, 1 male and 1 female; 1.xi.2016, 1 female. Comments: Stilobezzia (S.) chaconi has been recorded in Brazil, Trinidad and Tobago, Costa Rica and Panama. In Brazil this species was recorded from the states of Goiás and S„o Paulo (Santarém & Felippe-Bauer 2020). We provide the first record of this species from the state of Amazonas., Published as part of Da Silva, Irene M., Ferreira-Keppler, Ruth L. & Cazorla, Carla G., 2023, Stilobezzia Kieffer (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from the Brazilian Amazon: three new species, redescription of S. (Stilobezzia) maculata Lane and new records, pp. 485-499 in Zootaxa 5249 (4) on page 495, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5249.4.6, http://zenodo.org/record/7694629, {"references":["Macfie, J. W. S. (1938) Notes on Ceratopogonidae (Diptera). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London, Series B, 7, 157 - 66. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1938. tb 01271. x","Lane, J. & Forattini, O. P. (1961) Neotropical Stilobezzia, 1911 III. Key for the adults of this genus and description of one new species (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 10, 83 - 94.","Borkent, A. & Spinelli, G. R. (2000) Catalogue of the New World biting midges south of the United States of America (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Contributions on Entomological International, 4 (1), 1 - 107.","Borkent, A. & Spinelli, G. R. (2007) Neotropical Ceratopogonidae (Diptera: Insecta). In: Adis, J., Arias, J. R., Rueda-Delgado, G. & Wantzen, K. M. (Eds.), Aquatic Biodiversity in Latin America (ABLA). Vol. 4. Pensoft, Sofia-Moscow, pp 1 - 198.","Borkent, A. & Dominiak, P. (2020) Catalog of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa, 4787 (1), 1 - 377. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4787.1.1","Santarem, M. C. A. & Felippe-Bauer, M. L. (2022) Especies de Maruins do Brasil (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, 68 pp."]}

Stilobezzia (Stilobezzia) maculata Lane (Figures 34–43, 50) Stilobezzia maculata Lane, 1947: 207 (male; Brazil); Ortiz 1950: 429 (female; Venezuela); Lane & Forattini 1958: 215 (distribution); Lane & Forattini 1961: 86 (in key); Das Gupta & Wirth 1968: 141 (in the world checklist); Borkent & Spinelli 2000: 54 (in New World Catalog south of USA; distribution); Borkent & Spinelli 2007: 87 (in Neotropical Catalog; distribution); Cazorla 2016: 188 (Record to Argentina); Huerta & Grogan 2017: 408 (in key to Mexican Stilobezzia); Borkent & Dominiak 2020: 180 (in Online World Catalog); Santarém & Felippe-Bauer 2022: 19 (Brazilian biting midges Catalog; distribution) Type. Holotype male, labeled Stilobezzia (Stilobezzia) maculata Lane, BRAZIL, Rio de Janeiro, road Rio- S. Paulo, km 47, xi–1944, P. Wygodzinsky col. (FSP, examined). Previous distribution. Argentina (Misiones), Brazil (Rio de Janeiro), Mexico (Yucatan), Panama, Venezuela (Maracay). Material examined. BRAZIL, Amazonas, Manaus, Mindu Municipal Park, 03°14′44″ S – 60°00′28″ W, light trap, 14.viii.2018, I.M. Da Silva and R. L. Ferreira-Keppler, 1 male, 3 females. Diagnosis. Only extant species of Stilobezzia (Stilobezzia) in the Neotropical Region with yellowish thorax and scutum with three dark marginal spots on thorax, one anteromedial and two anterolateral. Male with gonocoxites connected by a stout and sclerotized basal projection. Female with flagellomeres 1–9 basally pale brown and distally dark brown, and 9–13 dark brown, and a single round spermatheca with a broad opening. Redescription. Male. Head (Fig. 35) pale brown; flagellomeres 1–10 pale brown basally, brown distally; flagellomeres 11–13 dark brown; AR 1.01. Palpus dark brown; PR 4.57. Thorax yellowish, scutum with 3 black marginal spots, 1 anteromedial, 2 anterolateral; scutellum with black lateral margins, with 5 setae. Legs yellowish except dark apex of hind tibia, mid tibia paler; hind tibial comb with 10 spines; prothoracic TR 2.20; mesothoracic TR 2.4; metathoracic TR. Wing (Fig. 37) membrane hyaline except a small spot over the r-m crossvein, anterior veins darker; second radial cell 4X longer than first; cubital fork distal to level of base of the r-m crossvein; wing length 1.57 mm; width 0.47 mm; CR 0.69. Halter stems pale brown, knob dark brown. Abdomen whitish, tergites 1–2 light brown; tergites 3–7 yellowish with lateral and central spots. Genitalia (Fig. 40) tergite 9 extending 0.80X the length of the gonocoxite with rounded posterior margin. Cerci well developed, conspicuous. Sternite 9 7.7X wider than long; posterior margin irregular. Gonocoxite 2.68X longer than wide, each connected basally by a stout, sclerotized projection. Gonostylus slightly curved distally, shorter than gonocoxite, with curved pointed apex. Parameres (Fig. 41) curved, widest basally, apical portion pointed, directed laterally. Aedeagus (Figs. 42) composed of two slender sclerites, with extreme curved apices. Redescription. Female. Similar to male, with the following notable sexual differences: Head (Fig. 34) with flagellomeres 1–9 pale brown basally, dark brown distally; flagellomeres 9 – 13 dark brown; AR 1.18 – 1.55 (1.36; n= 2). PR 3.2 – 4.11 (3.65; n= 4). Mandible (Fig. 36) with 7–8 teeth. Thorax (Fig. 34). Legs: apex of hind femur, tibia black; tarsomeres 5 of all legs with pair of batonnets (Fig. 38); hind tibial comb with 11 spines; prothoracic TR 2–2.21 (2.10, n= 4); mesothoracic TR 2.09–2.25 (2.17; n= 4); metathoracic TR 1.94–2.11 (2.02; n= 4); claws slightly shorter than tarsomere 5; with moderately long basal tooth. Wing (Fig. 39) length 1.55–1.65 mm (1.61; n= 4); width 0.62–0.65 mm (0.63; n= 4); CR 0.70–0.74 (0.72; n= 4). Abdomen (Figs. 34, 43): Sternite 8 with V-shaped posteromedial excavation; sternite 10 with 2 pairs of setae; cerci short, rounded; spermatheca rounded with a very short neck and wide opening, measuring 60–85 µm and 50–80 µm. Taxonomic observations. Stilobezzia maculata was described by Lane (1947) based on the male holotype. The type specimen studied at the Faculdade de Saúde Pública is pinned, except the male genitalia, which is mounted on a microscope slide (Fig. 40). Although the genitalia of the only male specimen collected in Manaus is fractured, it is possible to see clearly the parameres and aedeagus sclerites. In addition, it should be noted that at the time of collection the specimens had a reddish abdomen, which became paler after storage in 70% ethanol. This species resembles Stilobezzia bimaculata Lane & Forattini, 1956 by the yellowish coloration and the presences of a small spot on the transverse r-m cross-vein. However, S. bimaculata is easily distinguished by the thorax with only two anterolateral dark spots and the male genitalia that lacks an evident, sclerotized stem connecting the gonocoxites. We provide the first record of Stilobezzia maculata from the state of Amazonas, Brazil, in an urban forest fragment, in the city of Manaus. In Brazil, this species also occurs in an urbanized area, in the Atlantic Forest Biome, the Rio/S„o Paulo highway. S. maculata was also recorded in the province of Misiones, Argentina, in a village surrounded by the Paranaense rainforest; in Panama (Puerto Obaldia), where the predominant biome is the tropical rainforest; in Venezuela (Maracay), a tropical forest region, and in Mexico, in the state of Yucatan, where the evergreen forest predominates., Published as part of Da Silva, Irene M., Ferreira-Keppler, Ruth L. & Cazorla, Carla G., 2023, Stilobezzia Kieffer (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from the Brazilian Amazon: three new species, redescription of S. (Stilobezzia) maculata Lane and new records, pp. 485-499 in Zootaxa 5249 (4) on pages 492-494, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5249.4.6, http://zenodo.org/record/7694629, {"references":["Lane, J. (1947) Especies Brasileiras de Stilobezzia (Diptera Ceratopogonidae) e Zygoneura stonei nov. nom (Dipt. Mycetophilidae). Revista de Entomologia, 18, 197 - 214.","Ortiz, I. (1950) Estudios en Culicoides I. Sobre la hembra de Stilobezzia maculata Lane, 1947 (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae). Revista de Sanidad y Asistencia social, 15, 429 - 431.","Lane, J. & Forattini, O. P. (1958) Neotropical Stilobezzia II. Fourteen new species, chiefly from Panama (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 8, 203 - 224.","Lane, J. & Forattini, O. P. (1961) Neotropical Stilobezzia, 1911 III. Key for the adults of this genus and description of one new species (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 10, 83 - 94.","Das Gupta, S. K. & Wirth, W. W. (1968) Revision of the Oriental species of Stilobezzia Kieffer (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae). United States National Museum Bulletin, 283, 1 - 149. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.283.1","Borkent, A. & Spinelli, G. R. (2000) Catalogue of the New World biting midges south of the United States of America (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Contributions on Entomological International, 4 (1), 1 - 107.","Borkent, A. & Spinelli, G. R. (2007) Neotropical Ceratopogonidae (Diptera: Insecta). In: Adis, J., Arias, J. R., Rueda-Delgado, G. & Wantzen, K. M. (Eds.), Aquatic Biodiversity in Latin America (ABLA). Vol. 4. Pensoft, Sofia-Moscow, pp 1 - 198.","Huerta, H. & Grogan Jr., W. L. (2017) New species and new records of predaceous midges in the genera, Schizonyxhelea Clastrier and Stilobezzia Kieffer from Mexico (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa, 4294 (4), 401 - 418. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4294.4.1","Borkent, A. & Dominiak, P. (2020) Catalog of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa, 4787 (1), 1 - 377. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4787.1.1","Santarem, M. C. A. & Felippe-Bauer, M. L. (2022) Especies de Maruins do Brasil (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, 68 pp.","Lane, J. & Forattini, O. P. (1956) Neotropical Stilobezzia Kieffer, 1911 I. Nine new Panamanian species (Diptera, Nematocera, Ceratopogonidae). Revista Brasileira de Malariologia, 8, 207 - 226."]}

Stilobezzia (Stilobezzia) glauca Macfie (Figs. 48–49) Stilobezzia (Stilobezzia) glauca Macfie, 1939: 204; (male, Brazil); Johannsen 1952: 162 (in Nearctic distribution key); Wirth 1953: 77 (key, male female; USA). Stilobezzia (Stilobezzia) fluminensis Lane, 1947: 210; (female, Brazil); Lane et al. 1955: 84 (pupa; synonymy of S. glauca). Stilobezzia (Stilobezzia) glauca Das Gupta & Wirth 1968: 140 (in global checklist); Wirth & Grogan 1981: 81 (redescription); Wilkening et al. 1985: 526 (Record to Florida); Borkent & Spinelli 2000: 54 (in New World Catalog south of USA; distribution); Borkent & Spinelli 2007: 87 (in Neotropical distribution catalog); Borkent & Grogan 2009: 22 (in Nearctic catalog); Cazorla 2016: 188 (Argentina record); Huerta & Grogan 2017: 408 (in key to Mexican Stilobezzia); Borkent & Dominiak 2020: 179 (in Online World Catalog); Santarém & Felippe-Bauer 2022: 19 (Brazilian catalog; distribution) Type. Holotype male labeled: “ BRAZIL, Nova Teutonia, 22.xi.1937 (FSP, examined by CGC). Material examined. BRAZIL, Amazonas, Manaus, Campina Biological Reserve, Campinarana, 02º58′94″ S – 60º03′07″ W, Malaise trap over stream, 21–28.viii.2015, I.M. Da Silva and R.L. Ferreira-Keppler, 1 female; suspense trap over stream, 04–23.x.2016, 1 male; 31.v–14.vi.2018, 1 female. Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus, Program Basis LBA ZF-2, Km 14, 02º35′21″ S – 60º06′55″ W, big Malaise trap / tower 18m, 1–15.xii.2016, F.F. Xavier and J.A. Rafael, 1 female. Comments: This species has a wide Neotropical and Nearctic distribution, and inhabits the southern USA (Maryland to Mississippi and Florida) to Central and South America: in Mexico (Chiapas), Colombia, Peru (Cuzco), Argentina (Buenos Aires and Misiones) and Brazil. In Brazil, there are records from the states of Rio de Janeiro, S„o Paulo, and Santa Catarina. We provide the first record from the state of Amazonas, where it was collected in urban forest fragments and in continuous forest., Published as part of Da Silva, Irene M., Ferreira-Keppler, Ruth L. & Cazorla, Carla G., 2023, Stilobezzia Kieffer (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from the Brazilian Amazon: three new species, redescription of S. (Stilobezzia) maculata Lane and new records, pp. 485-499 in Zootaxa 5249 (4) on pages 495-497, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5249.4.6, http://zenodo.org/record/7694629, {"references":["Macfie, J. W. S. (1939) A report on a collection of Brazilian Ceratopogonidae. Revista de Entomologia, 10, 137 - 219.","Johannsen, O. A. (1952) Guide to the insects of Connecticut. Part VI. The Diptera or true flies of Connecticut. Fifth fascicle: midges and gnats. Heleide (Ceratopogonidae). Connecticut State Geological and Natural History Survey Bulletin, 80, 149 - 175.","Wirth, W. W. (1953) Biting midges of the Heleid genus Stilobezzia in North America. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 103, 57 - 85. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.103 - 3316.57","Lane, J. (1947) Especies Brasileiras de Stilobezzia (Diptera Ceratopogonidae) e Zygoneura stonei nov. nom (Dipt. Mycetophilidae). Revista de Entomologia, 18, 197 - 214.","Lane, J., Forattini, O. P. & Rabello, E. X. (1955) Biologia e epecies novas de Palpomyia e Stilobezzia (Diptera, Nematocera, Ceratopogonidae). Dusena, 6, 81 - 88.","Das Gupta, S. K. & Wirth, W. W. (1968) Revision of the Oriental species of Stilobezzia Kieffer (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae). United States National Museum Bulletin, 283, 1 - 149. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.283.1","Wirth, W. W. & Grogan, W. L. (1981) Natural History of Plummer's Island, Maryland XXV. Biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). 3. The species of the tribe Stilobezziini. Bulletin of the Biological Society of Washington, 5, 1 - 102.","Wilkening, A. J., Kline, D. L. & Wirth, W. W. (1985) An annotated checklist of the Ceratopogonidae (Diptera) of Florida with a new synonymy. Florida Entomologist, 68, 511 - 537. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3494854","Borkent, A. & Spinelli, G. R. (2000) Catalogue of the New World biting midges south of the United States of America (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Contributions on Entomological International, 4 (1), 1 - 107.","Borkent, A. & Spinelli, G. R. (2007) Neotropical Ceratopogonidae (Diptera: Insecta). In: Adis, J., Arias, J. R., Rueda-Delgado, G. & Wantzen, K. M. (Eds.), Aquatic Biodiversity in Latin America (ABLA). Vol. 4. Pensoft, Sofia-Moscow, pp 1 - 198.","Borkent, A. & Grogan, W. L. (2009) Catalog of the New World Biting Midges North of Mexico (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa, 2273 (1), 1 - 48. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2273.1.1","Huerta, H. & Grogan Jr., W. L. (2017) New species and new records of predaceous midges in the genera, Schizonyxhelea Clastrier and Stilobezzia Kieffer from Mexico (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa, 4294 (4), 401 - 418. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4294.4.1","Borkent, A. & Dominiak, P. (2020) Catalog of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa, 4787 (1), 1 - 377. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4787.1.1","Santarem, M. C. A. & Felippe-Bauer, M. L. (2022) Especies de Maruins do Brasil (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, 68 pp."]}

Genus Stilobezzia Kieffer, 1911 Stilobezzia Kieffer, 1911: 118. Type-species: Stilobezzia festiva Kieffer, by original designation. Hartomyia Malloch, 1915: 339. Type-species: Ceratopogon pictus Coquillett (= Stilobezzia coquilletti Kieffer, by original designation)., Published as part of Da Silva, Irene M., Ferreira-Keppler, Ruth L. & Cazorla, Carla G., 2023, Stilobezzia Kieffer (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from the Brazilian Amazon: three new species, redescription of S. (Stilobezzia) maculata Lane and new records, pp. 485-499 in Zootaxa 5249 (4) on page 486, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5249.4.6, http://zenodo.org/record/7694629, {"references":["Kieffer, J. J. (1911) Description de nouveaux Chironomides de Indian Museum de Calcutta. Records of the Indian Museum, 6, 113 - 177. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 21331","Malloch, J. R. (1915) The Chironomidae, or midges, of Illinois, with particular reference to the species occurring in the Illinois River. Ibid, 10, 275 - 543. https: // doi. org / 10.21900 / j. inhs. v 10.376"]}

Stilobezzia (Stilobezzia) brasiliensis n. sp. (Figs. 13–23, 50) Type Material. Holotype male (INPA) labeled. “Holotype Stilobezzia (Stilobezzia) brasiliensis Silva & Cazorla ”. BRAZIL, Amazonas, Manaus, Campina Biological Reserve, 02º35′28″ S – 60º01′48″ W, Malaise, 13–27.vii.2018, I.M. Da Silva and R. Ferreira-Keppler. Allotype female, same data as holotype, except: Campinarana, Malaise trap over stream, 23.x–09.xi.2018. Paratypes: 2 males, same data as holotype, except Malaise trap, 04–23.x.2018: 3 males (INPA). Diagnosis. Only extant species of Stilobezzia (Stilobezzia) in the Neotropical Region with the following combination of characters: legs brown with wide pale band on medial portion of mid and hind femora; wing with dark spots on r-m, first radial cell, end of R 1 and end of R 3, followed by a rounded hyaline area. Male: genitalia with slender parameres, with a hand-shaped lateromedial projection. Female: sternite 8 with U-shaped posteromedian excavation and 3 pairs of setae. . Description. Male. Head (Figs. 13, 15) dark brown; antenna with yellowish brown pedicel; plume dense, golden colored; flagellomeres 1–9 pale brown, apex paler; flagellomere 10–13 paler brown at base; apex darker; 11 pale; 12 light brown at apex; 13 brown AR 0.80–0.89 (0.84; n=3). Palpus black; segment 3 with rounded sensory pit, with stout setae; segment 5 as long as 3; PR 2.18–2.60 (2.46; n=3). Thorax (Fig. 13) dark brown; scutum with small rounded anteromedial projection; posterior portion between wings flattened; scutellum with 4 stout setae, 2 medial, 2 lateral. Legs dark brown, except medial 1/3 of mid, hind femora pale; femora with pale apical rings; tibiae with pale basal rings; hind tibial comb with 6–7 stout spines. Tarsomeres (Fig. 13) pale brown; tarsomere 1 of fore leg with 3–4 stout anterobasal spines; tarsomere 1 of mid leg with anterobasal spine; tarsomere 1 of hind leg with 1 stout anterobasal spine; prothoracic TR 2.12–2.22 (2.16; n=3); mesothoracic TR 2.37–2.61 (2.46; n=3); metathoracic TR 1.90–2.36 (2.12; n=3). Wing (Fig. 17) with dark spot on r-m cross-vein, first radial cell and ends of R 1; another spot at end of R 3, followed by a rounded hyaline area; second radial cell 4X longer than first; cubital fork before level of base of r-m cross-vein; wing length 1.22–1.30 mm (1.26 mm; n=3); width 0.40–0.44 mm (0.42 mm; n=3); CR 0.70–0.76 (0.73; n=3). Halter base pale brown; knob dark brown. Abdomen (Fig. 13) brown, tergites 1–8 with dark brown rectangular spots. Genitalia (Figs. 19, 20) dark brown; tergite 9 shorter than gonocoxite, posterior margin straight; cerci elongate. Sternite 9 3.6X broader than long. Gonocoxite 2.5X longer than wide. Gonostylus shorter than gonocoxite, slightly curved distally, distal half paler, apex rounded. Parameres (Fig. 21) subparallel, as long as gonocoxite, joined at base; mid portion of stem with a hand-shaped lateral projection, apex slender, convergent; basal apodemes stout, boomerang-shaped. Aedeagus (Fig. 22) composed of two elongated sclerites; basal portion curved, slightly, swollen; apical portion narrowed. Female. Similar to male, with the following notable sexual differences: Head (Fig. 14). Antenna with base of flagellomeres whitish; AR 0.98 n =1. Palpus with segment 3 elongate, stout; PR 2.08. Mandible with 7–8 teeth. Thorax. Claws (Fig. 16) as long as tarsomeres 5; basal tooth surpassing mid-length of the claw; prothoracic TR 2.14; mesothoracic TR 2.69; metathoracic TR 2.05. Wing. (Fig. 18) length 1.48 mm; width 0.52 mm; CR 0.78. Abdomen (Figs. 14, 23). Sternite 8 with U-shaped posteromedian excavation with 3 pairs of setae; sternite 9 sclerotized, with folded margin; sternite 10 with 5 pairs of setae; cerci short, rounded. Two ovoid, sclerotized, spermathecae with long neck, measuring 60–50 µm and 60–30 µm, plus, an ovoid rudimentary third spermatheca. Distribution. Brazil (Manaus, Amazonas). Etymology. The specific name brasiliensis refers to Brazil, the country where the specimens were collected. Remarks. This new Amazonian species shares several characters with S. (S.) beckae Wirth, 1953, a species also found in the Nearctic Region: the golden yellow coloration of the male antennal plume, the small projection on the anteromedial portion of the scutum, the flattened posterior portion between wings, the presence of two dark spots on the wings and the first tarsomere 1 of the foreleg with 3–4 anterobasal spines. The male genitalia of both species are similar, except for the absence of a hand-shaped projection on the parameres of S. beckae. The shape of the gonocoxite and gonostylus of the male of S. brasiliensis n. sp. also resembles those of the Neotropical species S. punctulata Lane, 1947, but the parameres of this species are not joined at base and lack the hand-shaped projection, and the legs are yellowish with dark spots on the femora and tibiae., Published as part of Da Silva, Irene M., Ferreira-Keppler, Ruth L. & Cazorla, Carla G., 2023, Stilobezzia Kieffer (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from the Brazilian Amazon: three new species, redescription of S. (Stilobezzia) maculata Lane and new records, pp. 485-499 in Zootaxa 5249 (4) on pages 488-490, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5249.4.6, http://zenodo.org/record/7694629, {"references":["Wirth, W. W. (1953) Biting midges of the Heleid genus Stilobezzia in North America. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 103, 57 - 85. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.103 - 3316.57","Lane, J. (1947) Especies Brasileiras de Stilobezzia (Diptera Ceratopogonidae) e Zygoneura stonei nov. nom (Dipt. Mycetophilidae). Revista de Entomologia, 18, 197 - 214."]}

Stilobezzia (Eukraiohelea) quasielegantula Cazorla & Felippe-Bauer (Fig. 46) Stilobezzia (Eukraiohelea) quasielegantula Cazorla & Felippe-Bauer 2017: in Cazorla et al. 2017: 566 (male, female, Brazil). Borkent & Dominiak 2020: 177 (in Online World Catalog); Santarém & Felippe-Bauer 2022: 19 (Brazilian biting midges Catalog; distribution). Type. Holotype male, labeled: “ Stilobezzia (Eukraiohelea) quasielegantula Cazorla & Felippe-Bauer, BRAZIL, Rio de Janeiro, Casimiro de Abreu, Union Biological Reserve (22°25′35″ S – 42°02′04″ W), 07.xi–13.xii.2013, “Biota Diptera Fluminense ” team col., Malaise trap ”, (CCER). Allotype female, 30 paratypes: 9 males, 8 females, same data as holotype (7 males, 6 females (CCER); 2 males, 2 females, (MLPA); 1 male, 1 female same data except 25.viii–26.xi.2013 (CCER). Material examined. BRAZIL, Amazonas, Manaus, Campina Biological Reserve; 02º36′19.01″ S – 60º02′11.74″ W, suspensa trap, 23.viii–04.ix.2018, I.M. Da Silva and R. L. Ferreira-Keppler, 1 male, 2 females; Campinarana, Malaise trap, 04–23.x.2018, 1 male. Comments. This Neotropical species was described by Cazorla & Felippe-Bauer (2017), with prior knowledge for the state of Rio de Janeiro, in Brazil. We provide the first record of this species from the state of Amazonas, that was collected in the Campina Biological Reserve located, in the rural region of Manaus., Published as part of Da Silva, Irene M., Ferreira-Keppler, Ruth L. & Cazorla, Carla G., 2023, Stilobezzia Kieffer (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from the Brazilian Amazon: three new species, redescription of S. (Stilobezzia) maculata Lane and new records, pp. 485-499 in Zootaxa 5249 (4) on page 495, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5249.4.6, http://zenodo.org/record/7694629, {"references":["Cazorla, C. G., Cardoso, E. A. & Felippe-Bauer, M. L. (2017) Contributions to the knowledge of predaceous midges of the subgenus Eukraiohelea Ingran & Macfie of Stilobezzia Kieffer (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), from Brazil. Zootaxa, 4324 (3), 557 - 570. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4324.3.9","Borkent, A. & Dominiak, P. (2020) Catalog of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa, 4787 (1), 1 - 377. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4787.1.1","Santarem, M. C. A. & Felippe-Bauer, M. L. (2022) Especies de Maruins do Brasil (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, 68 pp."]}

Stilobezzia (Acanthohelea) medialuna n. sp. (Figs. 1–12, 50) Type material: Holotype male (INPA) labeled: “Holotype Stilobezzia (Acanthohelea) medialuna Silva & Cazorla ”. BRAZIL, Amazonas, Manaus, ZF-2, Km 14, Base LBA, 02º35′21″S – 60º06′55″W, Malaise trap over stream, 1– 15.xii.2017, J.A. Rafael and F.F. Xavier: Allotype female, same data as holotype. Paratypes: 3 males, 2 females, same data as holotype. Campina Biological Reserve, Campinarana, 02º58′94″ S – 60º03′07″ W, suspensa trap over stream, 18.ix–04.x.2018, I.M. Da Silva and R.L. Ferreira-Keppler: 1 female; 04–23.x.2018: 3 males (INPA); 23.x–09.xi.2018: 1 female (INPA). Diagnosis. Only extant species of Stilobezzia (Acanthohelea) in the Neotropical Region with males that have elongated genitalia with stout crescent-shaped gonocoxites, and gonostylus curved 90° at mid-length with toothed apex and a lung-shaped hyaline membrane between the parameres and aedeagus. Females with tarsomere 5 of fore and mid legs with 3 pairs of batonnets and hind leg with 1 pair; abdomen dark brown except segment 10 and cerci paler, and sternite 8 with a large V-shaped posteromedian excavation and 2 ovoid spermathecae. Description. Male. Head (Fig. 1.) dark brown.Antenna with yellowish brown pedicel; light brown flagellomeres with pale brown basal ring; segments 11–12 with stout bristles at base; brown with dense plume; AR 0.90–1.02 (0.97; n=3). Palpus dark brown; segment 5 as long as 3; segment 3 with round deep sensory pit; PR 1.81–2.50 (2.07; n=3). Thorax (Figs. 1–2) dark brown with stout setae, humeral pits slightly lighter; scutellum with 4 stout setae. Legs dark brown; basal 2/3 of fore and mid femora, paler; hind leg darkest, apex of tibia yellowish; tibial comb with 7–8 spines; tarsomeres pale brown; prothoracic TR 1.93–2.1 (1.99; n=4); mesothoracic TR 2.17–2.41 (2.24; n=4); metathoracic TR 1.77–1.93 (1.86; n=4). Wing (Fig. 5) hyaline with dark radial cells; second radial cell 2X longer than first; cubital fork at level of base of r-m cross vein; wing length 1.30–1.36 (1.32; n=4) mm; width 0.40–0.42 (0.41; n=4) mm; costal ratio 0.75–0.76 (0.75; n=4). Halter stem pale brown, knob whitish. Abdomen (Fig. 1–2) dark brown; tergites 1–8 with brown lateral spots; pleural segments 7–8 yellowish brown. Genitalia (Figs. 8–9). Dark brown: tergite 9 triangular distal portion slightly sclerotized, bilobed with apical seta; sternite 9 3X wider than long; cerci conspicuous, divergent. Gonocoxite greatly elongate, crescent-shaped 5.70X longer than wide. Gonostylus 1.80X shorter than gonocoxite, curved about 90º at mid-length; apical portion with toothed apex. Parameres (Fig. 9–10) subparallel, slender, stem slightly wider at base, apical portions abruptly curved, apically directed. Aedeagus (Fig. 11) composed of two convergent sclerites, each slender, slightly curved, with widened, blunt apices. Lungshaped hyaline membranes (Fig. 9) between parameres and aedeagus, apparently basally connected. Female. Similar to male, with the following notable sexual differences: Head (Fig. 3–4). AR 1.17–1.18 (1.17; n=2); PR 2.44–3.00 (2.71; n=3). Mandible with 6–7 teeth. Thorax (Figs. 3): claws 1.42X shorter than tarsomere 5; fore and mid tarsomeres with 3 pairs of batonnets, hind tarsomere with 1 pair; basal tooth smaller; prothoracic TR 2.03–2.17 (2.12; n=3); mesothoracic TR 2.21–2.52 (2.36; n=3); metathoracic TR 2.15–2.29 (2.22; n=3). Wing (Fig. 7) with macrotrichiae on C, R 1, R 3, and end of M 1; wing length 1.14–1.46 (1.33; n=3) mm; width 0.42–0.54 (0.47; n=3) mm; costal ratio 0.77–0.79 (0.78; n=3). Abdomen (Fig. 12). Sternite 8 with large V-shaped posteromedian excavation and 4 pairs of setae; sternite 9 with sinuous, sclerotized margins; sternite 10 with 2 pairs of setae; cerci triangular, short, paler. Two ovoid, sclerotized spermathecae, without necks, measuring 90–80 µm and 70–70 µm (n=3), plus, an ovoid rudimentary third spermatheca. Distribution. Brazil (Amazonas: Manaus). Etymology. The specific name medialuna refers to the shape of the gonocoxite, which resembles a crescent moon. Remarks. This species resembles the Patagonian species Stilobezzia (Acanthohelea) curvistyla Cazorla & Spinelli, 2007 by the shape of the aedeagus and the 90º curved gonostylus, however S. curvistyla can be distinguished by the pointed apex of the gonostylus, the sclerotized protuberance on the proximal inner margin of the gonocoxite and the conspicuous posterior pointed projection of tergite 9. Females of S. curvistyla have much more elongated spermathecae and the posteromedian excavation of sternite 8 is U-shaped. The male genitalia of this new species also resemble S. (A.) guarani Cazorla & Spinelli, 2010, from northeastern Argentina and Paraguay, by the shape of the aedeagus and the elongated parameres with curved apical portion, but differing in the shape of the gonocoxite, elongate with inner protuberance bearing two small sclerotized teeth.

Tanytarsus costarica sp. nov. (Figs. 2A���C, 3B) Type material. Holotype: adult male, Costa Rica, Prov. San Jos��, Moravia, Zurqu�� de Moravia (10��02���58��� N ��� 84��00���57��� W), Creek 1 north. 1600 m. Canopy Malaise trap. 12���19.iv.2013 (INBIOCRI-COSTA RICA). Etymology. Named after the country where the species was found. Noun in apposition. Diagnosis. Tanytarsus costarica can be separated from other species of the genus by the following combination of characters: head without frontal tubercles; Y-shaped anal tergite bands; anal point elongated, wide, divided into three portions, with two pairs of long bars; superior volsella with posteromedian lobe strongly produced; digitus finger-like; median volsella with simple lamellar setae mounted apically and 4 regular setae. Description. Adult male (n=1). Small, total length 2.00 mm. Wing length 1.26 mm. Colouration. Head yellowish-brown; flagellum and maxillary palp pale brown. Thorax and legs yellowish. Abdomen yellowish. Head. Eyes bare, without dorsomedial extension. Frontal tubercles absent. Temporal setae 5+5. Antenna with 13 flagellomeres, 680 ��m long. AR. 0.38. Length of palpomeres 2���5 (in ��m): 25, 50, 90, 100. Thorax. Ac 5; Pa 1; Scts 2. Halteres with 6 setae on both. Dorsocentral setae (Dc) not observed. Wing (Fig. 3B). Width 0.39 mm. VR 1.26. Sc, M, and RM bare, remaining wing veins and cells with setae. Brachiolum with one seta. Legs. Foreleg bearing single tibial spur, 27.5 ��m long. Mid leg tibia bearing two spurs, 17.5 ��m and 27.5 ��m long, and two separated combs. Hind leg tibia bearing two spurs, 17.5 ��m and 30 ��m long, and two separated combs. Lengths of leg segments and leg ratios as in Table 2. Hypopygium (Figs. 2A���C). Tergite IX 169 ��m long, with 2 distal setae. Y-shaped anal tergite bands ���fused��� on median part of tergite and reaching anal point, about 24 ��m long. Anal point elongated (40 ��m long), wide (17 ��m width), divided into three very distinct portions (Fig. A, C), lateral margin with 2 pairs of setae in distal part; AnPR 2.35. Two pairs of anal point bars elongated (28 ��m long), each bar tip split into two apices and reaching beyond apex of anal point; AnPBR 0.86. Superior volsella subrectangular, with 5 setae on dorsal surface, 3 setae on anteromedian margin (2 dorsal, 1 ventral), posteromedian corner and strongly projecting; digitus 13 ��m long, pointed, finger-like, extending beyond margin of superior volsella. Stem of median volsella short, about 7 ��m long, with simple lamellar setae and 4 regular setae. Inferior volsella ca. 61 ��m long. Gonocoxite 67 ��m long. Gonostylus 68 ��m long, broader at mid-length, rounded tip. HR 0.99. Remarks: The superior volsella of T. costarica sp. nov. is superficially similar to those of T. canine, T. comunis and T. mulleri but has a slightly more elongated posteromedian corner. The digitus, on the other hand, is distinct from these species, since it exceeds the lateral margin of the superior volsella, while in the above mentioned three species, the digit does not exceed the superior volsella. However, the best diagnostic character for the male of T. costarica is the anal point, which is distinctly trifid, with the lateral portions showing a pointed tip and the thumblike middle portion, a design unique among the species of the Tanytarsus ortoni group. Distribution and ecological notes. T. costarica was also collected from the same study site and with the same type of trap as T. briani (Zurqu�� de Moravia, Costa Rica), about 1,600 meters above sea level., Published as part of Reis, Patricia Do Rosario, Gil-Azevedo, Leonardo H. & Ferreira-Keppler, Ruth L., 2021, Two new species of Tanytarsus van der Wulp (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Costa Rica, pp. 84-90 in Zootaxa 4966 (1) on pages 87-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4966.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/4729494

Tanytarsus briani sp. nov. (Figs. 1A���B, 3A) Type material. Holotype: adult male, Costa Rica, Prov. San Jos��, Moravia, Zurqu�� de Moravia (10��02���58��� N ��� 84��00���57��� W), Creek 1 north. 1600 m Canopy Malaise trap. 30. iii to 6.iv.2013, (IN- BIOCRI-COSTA RICA). Etymology. Named in honor of Dr. Brian V. Brown, the Principal Investigator of ZADBI project. Diagnostic characters: The new species can be separated from others by the following combination of characters: Y-shaped anal tergite bands; anal point elongated, with a trifid apex; two pairs of long bars; superior volsella almost sub-rectangular; digitus finger-like, short, pointed, not reaching the margin of the superior volsella; median volsella with simple lamellar setae mounted apically and 4 regular setae; gonostylus short, straight, of almost uniform width from base to apex. Description. Adult male (n=1). Small, total length 1.80 mm. Wing length 1.24 mm. Colouration. Head yellowish-brown, flagellum and maxillary palp pale brown. Thorax and legs yellowish. Abdomen yellowish. Head. Eyes bare, with little dorsomedian extension. Frontal tubercles short, 7.5 ��m long. Temporal setae 6, uniserial. Antennae missing. Clypeus with 12 setae. Palpomeres 2���5, lengths (in ��m): 30, 100, 65,160. Thorax. Ac 5, biserial; Pa 1; Scts 6. Halteres with 5 setae on both. Dorsocentral setae (Dc) not observed. Wing (Fig. 3A). Width 0.39 mm. VR 1.24. Sc and M bare, the remaining wing veins and cells setose. Brachiolum without seta. Legs. Foreleg bearing single tibial spur, 25 ��m long. Mid leg tibia bearing two spurs, 30 ��m and 40 ��m long, and two separated combs. Hind leg tibia bearing two spurs, 27.5 ��m and 40 ��m long, and two separated combs. Lengths of leg segments and leg ratios as in Table 1. Hypopygium (Figs. 1A���B). Tergite IX 142 ��m long, with 2 shorts distal setae. Y-shaped anal tergite bands ���fused��� on the median part of tergite and reaching anal point, about 34 ��m long. Anal point elongated (36 ��m long) and slender, lateral margins concave, in the dorsal aspect apex with three rounded portions, ventromedian projection longer than the length of the anal point, lateral margin bearing 3 distal setae; AnPR 3.60. Two pairs of anal point bars, not surpassing the apex of anal point; AnPBR 2.00. Superior volsella sub rectangular, elongated (32 ��m long), with 4 setae on dorsal surface and 2 setae on anteromedian margin (one dorsal, one ventral), posteromedian corner elongated and rounded; digitus 11 ��m long, pointed, finger-like, not extending beyond margin of superior volsella. Stem of median volsella about 12 ��m long, with simple lamellar setae mounted apically and 4 regular setae. Inferior volsella ca. 71 ��m long, S-shaped, apex with a prominent triangular swelling. Gonocoxite 67��m long. Gonostylus short (51 ��m long), straight, of almost uniform width from base to apex, rounded tip. HR 1.41. Remarks. The anal point and the gonostylus are the main characters that differentiate the male T. briani sp. nov. from other species. In the identification key for the males of Tanytarus ortoni species group, the shape of the anal point of T. briani is similar to the species Tanytarsus yara and Tanytarsus castelnaui. The trifid apex, in dorsal aspect, of the anal point is similar to what is observed in T. yara; the ventromedian projection of the anal point is similar to that of T. castelnaui. However, T. briani can be easily distinguished from the two above mentioned species by the presence of two pairs of long anal bars in contrast to a pair of short anal bars found in T. yara and T. castelnaui. The small gonostylus, of almost uniform width, does not correspond to any species of Tanytarus ortoni species group, this format apparently being unique among the Neotropical species of Tanytarsus. Distribution and ecological notes. Tanytarsus briani was collected at an elevation of about 1,600 meters, demonstrating the wide adaptive range of chironomids of the Tanytarsini tribe, as almost all species of the Tanytarsus ortoni species group have been recorded from lowland areas of tropical climate., Published as part of Reis, Patricia Do Rosario, Gil-Azevedo, Leonardo H. & Ferreira-Keppler, Ruth L., 2021, Two new species of Tanytarsus van der Wulp (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Costa Rica, pp. 84-90 in Zootaxa 4966 (1) on pages 85-87, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4966.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/4729494

Stilobezzia albicoxa Lane & Forattini Stilobezzia (Stilobezzi a) albicoxa Lane & Forattini, 1956: 210 (female, male, Panama); Lane & Forattini, 1961: 87 (in key); Das Gupta & Wirth, 1968: 114, 138 (placed in subviridis group, and in World checklist); Borkent & Spinelli, 2000: 53 (in New World catalog south of the USA; distribution); Borkent & Spinelli, 2007: 86 (in Neotropical catalog; distribution); Borkent & Dominiak, 2020: 178 (World catalog). Stilobezzia (Stilobezzia) dureti Lane & Forattini, 1958: 210 (male, Brazil), syn. nov. Diagnostic characters. Wing length 1.27 ��� 1.64 mm; thorax and abdomen dark and yellow colored; legs yellowish. Male gonocoxite with two inner sclerotized projections, the basal one straight, almost touching the one on the opposite side; parameres L-shaped. Female flagellomeres with fine setae; flagellomeres 2 ��� 8 blackish brown with stout setae, 9 ��� 13 pale brown; two rounded spermathecae. Male. Head (Fig. 1.B) brown; antenna with flagellomeres pale brown; plume dark brown, dense between flagellomeres 1 ��� 10; antennal ratio 1.04 (n= 1). Palpus pale brown; third segment slender, slightly shorter than fifth; palpal ratio 3.66 (n= 1). Thorax (Fig. 1.B). Scutum dark brown, humeral pits paler; scutellum dark brown laterally, pale yellowish medially with 4 stout setae, 2 submedial, 2 lateral; postscutellum dark brown; pleura dark brown except white margins of anepisternum. Legs: golden yellowish except tarsomeres paler, hind coxa whitish, mid coxa, posterior coxa dark brown; hind tibial comb with 8 spines; fore leg tarsal ratio 2.06 (n= 1); mid leg tarsal ratio 2.75 (n= 1); hind leg tarsal ratio 2.46 (n=1). Wing membrane hyaline (Fig. 1.C); second radial cell 5 times longer than first; cubital fork distal to level of base of r-m crossvein; wing length 1.27 mm (n= 1); width 0.40 mm (n= 1); costal ratio 0.69 (n= 1). Halter stem pale, knob dark brown. Abdomen tergite 1 dark brown with concave narrow, anterior pale spot, tergites 2 ��� 6 dark brown, 7 ��� 9 pale brown; sternites, pleural membrane pale (Fig. 1.B). Genitalia (Figs. 1.E���F): tergite 9 extending slightly beyond apex of gonocoxite, distal margin rounded; cerci conspicuous; sternite 9 3.6 times wider than long; posterior margin straight. Gonocoxite stout 2.5 times longer than greatest width, inner margin with 2 sclerotized projections, basal projection straight, almost touching the one on the opposite side, distal projection smaller, pointed, directed posteriorly; gonostylus curved, slightly shorter than gonocoxite with rounded apex. Parameres separated, subparallel, each one L-shaped with basal arm oblique, distal arm stout, more sclerotized. Aedeagus represented by two sinuous sclerites, each one with a basal arm slender, pointed, distal portion with a short, hook- shaped projection. Female. Similar to male, with the following notable gender differences. Head (Fig. 1.A) flagellomere 1 yellowish basally, dark brown distally; flagellomeres 2 ��� 8 blackish brown with stout setae, flagellomeres 9 ��� 13 pale brown with fine setae; antennal ratio 1.40 ��� 1.53 (1.46, n= 2). Palpal ratio 3.85 ��� 342 (3.63, n= 2). Mandible with 7 ��� 8 teeth. Thorax (Fig. 1.A). Scutum yellowish with anteromarginal dark brown areas; postscutellum yellowish anteromedially; tarsomere 5 of all legs with 1 pair of batonnets; fore leg tarsal ratio 2 ��� 07 ��� 2.14 (2.10, n= 2); mid leg tarsal ratio 2.62 ��� 2.58 (2.60, n= 2); hind leg tarsal ratio 2.26 ��� 2.34 (2.30, n= 2); claws slightly shorter than tarsomere 5; claw of mid leg larger (Fig. 1.D). Wing length 1.62 ��� 167 mm (1.64, n= 2); width 0.55 mm (n= 2); costal ratio 0.72 ��� 0.76 (0.74, n= 2). Abdomen sternite 8 not distinguishable, only the posteromedian excavation V shaped; sternite 9 not distinguishable; sternite 10 with 3 ��� 4 pairs of setae; cercus rounded; two rounded, subequal spermathecae with short slender necks, measuring 70���80 ��m (75, n= 2) by 50���110 ��m (90 n= 2) and 70���80 ��m (075, n= 2) by 80���90 ��m (85, n= 2). Material examined. Types. Stilobezzia albicoxa, holotype female: PANAMA: Prov. Panama, Pto. Farallon, XI- 1952; allotype male: PANAMA: Prov. Darien, Carachin, II-1953, F. S. Blanton. Stilobezzia dureti, holotype male: State of S��n Pablo, Ribeir��o Preto, X-1954, J. P. Duret Brazil (Faculdade de Sa��de P��blica, Universidade de S��o Paulo, Brazil). Other specimens. Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus, Parque Estadual Sumauma, 03��05���50.90��� S, 60��02���03.96��� W, Malaise trap, 22 ��� 26-II-2016, I.M. Silva, R. L. Ferreira-Keppler, 1 male; Suspended trap, 11 ��� 15-IV-2016, I.M. Silva, R.L. Ferreira-Keppler, 1 female. Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisa da Amaz��nia - Campus II, 03��05���40.42��� S, 59��59���21.31��� W, Malaise trap, 11 ��� 15-IV-2016, I.M. Silva, R. L. Ferreira-Keppler, 1 female. (Invertebrate Collection of the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amaz��nia, Brazil). Distribution. Panama, Brazil (S��o Paulo); currently reported for the first time from Amazonas State. Taxonomic remarks. Lane and Forattini (1956) originally described the abdomen of S. albicoxa as ��� with tergite 1 broadly yellowish or greenish on a quadrate spot in the middle, sides blackish brown, other tergites shining black���, however, we examined the type specimens and this structure is not as described above. Instead the tergite 1 is dark brown with an anterior concave and narrow pale spot. The Brazilian species S. dureti was described by Lane & Forattini (1958) from a single male specimen. After analyzing the original description and examining the types of S. dureti and S. albicoxa we concluded that the first mentioned species is a junior synonym of S. albicoxa. The most conspicuous diagnostic characters of both species are shared: coloration of thorax and abdomen, shape of parameres, aedeagus and gonostylus (see Figs. 1 E ��� G)., Published as part of Silva, Irene Marques Da, Ferreira-Keppler, Ruth L., Hamada, Neusa & Cazorla, Carla G., 2020, Redescription of Stilobezzia (Stilobezzia) albicoxa Lane & Forattini, 1956 with new synonymy (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), pp. 443-445 in Zootaxa 4822 (3) on pages 443-445, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4822.3.10, http://zenodo.org/record/4401588, {"references":["Lane, J. & Forattini, O. P. (1956) Neotropical Stilobezzia Kieffer, 1911 I. Nine new Panamanian species (Diptera, Nematocera, Ceratopogonidae). Revista Brasileira de Malariologia, 8, 207 - 226.","Lane, J. & Forattini, O. P. (1961) Neotropical Stilobezzia, 1911 III. Key for the adults of this genus and description of one new species (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 10, 83 - 94.","Das Gupta, S. K. & Wirth, W. W. (1968) Revision of the Oriental species of Stilobezzia Kieffer (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae). United States National Museum Bulletin, 283, 1 - 149. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.283.1","Borkent, A. & Spinelli, G. R. (2000) Catalogue of the New World biting midges south of the United States of America (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Contributions on Entomological International, 4 (1), 1 - 107.","Borkent, A. & Spinelli, G. R. (2007) Neotropical Ceratopogonidae (Diptera: Insecta). In: Adis, J., Arias, J. R., Rueda-Delgado, G. & Wantzen, K. M. (Eds.), Aquatic Biodiversity in Latin America (ABLA). Vol. 4. Pensoft, Sofia-Moscow, pp. 1 - 198.","Borkent, A. & Dominiak, P. (2020) Catalog of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa 4787 (1), 1 - 377. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4787.1.1","Lane, J. & Forattini, O. P. (1958) Neotropical Stilobezzia II. Fourteen new species, chiefly from Panama (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 8, 203 - 224."]}

Silva, Irene Marques Da, Ferreira-Keppler, Ruth L., Hamada, Neusa, Cazorla, Carla G. (2020): Redescription of Stilobezzia (Stilobezzia) albicoxa Lane & Forattini, 1956 with new synonymy (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa 4822 (3): 443-445, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4822.3.10

Oiovelia chenae Rodrigues & Melo sp. nov. (Figs 47–49, 59–61, 74, 78) Type locality. Brazil, Pará, Alter do Chão. Type material. All specimens macropterous. HOLOTYPE: ♂(INPA), BRAZIL: PARÁ: Alter do Chão, 10 km towards Santarém, Igarapé Jutuaranã, on foam masses, 30 m a.s.l., 02°32 ' 04.5 ″ S / 54°54 ' 33.0 ″ W, 01.x.2012, A.S. Fernandes coll. PARATYPES: 36 ♂♂30 ♀♀ (INPA), 3 ♂♂3 ♀♀ (DPIC), 3 ♂♂3 ♀♀ (MZSP), same data of holotype. Additional material examined. All specimens macropterous. BRAZIL: PARÁ: 9 ♂♂14 ♀♀ 35 nymphs (INPA), Rio Mapuera, Igarapé da Tentativa, 08.vi.1986, V.Py-Daniel & U. Barbosa coll. AMAZONAS: 18♂♂15 ♀♀ (INPA), 2 ♂♂2♀♀ (NMPC), São Gabriel da Cachoeira, BR-304, Km 19, in foams, 00°02 ' 58.4 ″ S / 66°57 ' 47.1 ″ W, 27.viii.2011, R.L. Ferreira-Keppler, P.V. Cruz, A.S. Fernandes & E.A. Reis coll.; 1 ♂ (DPIC), Presidente Figueiredo, BR-174, Km 110, Igarapé Camarão, 01º01 ' 05 ″ S / 60º02 ' 02 ″ W, 10.x.2002, D.L.V. Pereira coll.; 6 ♀♀ (INPA), Rio Preto da Eva, Rio Urubu, 02°34 ' 49.58 ″ S / 59°26 ' 22.2 ″ W, no more data. Dimensions. Macropterous male (n = 5; mm). BL 3.02–3.25; HL 0.43–0.55; HW 0.57–0.60; ANT I 0.52–0.56, ANT II 0.47–0.50, ANT III 0.33–0.35, ANT IV 0.38–0.40; EYE 0.16–0.17; PL 1.12–1.18; PW 1.05–1.12; FORE LEG: FEM 0.75–0.81, TIB 0.75–0.80, TAR I 0.06, TAR II 0.07, TAR III 0.28–0.30; MID LEG: FEM 0.95–1.02, TIB 1.00–1.12, TAR I 0.07, TAR II 0.17–0.18, TAR III 0.31–0.32; HIND LEG: FEM 1.12–1.25, TIB 1.37–1.40, TAR I 0.07–0.08, TAR II 0.25, TAR III 0.35–0.37. Macropterous female (n = 5; mm). BL 3.55–3.60; HL 0.47–0.50; HW 0.65; ANT I 0.57, ANT II 0.50–0.53, ANT III 0.33–0.35, ANT IV 0.40–0.42; EYE 0.17–0.18; PL 1.32–1.35; PW 1.22–1.23; FORE LEG: FEM 0.85–0.87, TIB 0.86–0.87, TAR I 0.06, TAR II 0.08, TAR III 0.32–0.33; MID LEG: FEM 1.05–1.07, TIB 1.13–1.15, TAR I 0.07, TAR II 0.17–0.21, TAR III 0.36–0.37; HIND LEG: FEM 1.25–1.26, TIB 1.50–1.52, TAR I 0.07, TAR II 0.25–0.27, TAR III 0.37–0.38. Description. Macropterous male. Color. Head orange brown, with ventral region brownish. Antennae dark brown to black. Eyes dark brown to black. Rostrum with segments I–II brownish; segment III dark brown along midline, laterally yellowish; segment IV black. Pronotum brownish, with anterior lobe and parts of margins of posterior lobe darker; midline and a small region near the posterior angle yellowish brown. Fore wings blackish, with well defined whitish pruinose areas between cells; veins lighter, and a pair of narrow white maculae starting from humeri and ending near apex of pronotum (Fig. 47). Propleura dark brown to black, with posterior region below humeral angle orange brown; meso- and metapleura dark brown to black (Fig. 78). Coxae, trochanters and a narrow basal area of femora yellowish, remaining parts dark brown to black. Prosternum dark brown, with anterior margin orange brown; meso- and metasternum dark brown. Connexiva brown to orange brown. Abdominal segments ventrally dark brown in the region of spiracles, and brown to dark brown on sternites. Genital segments brownish. Structural characters. Head covered by fine golden pubescence and long dark setae concentrated dorsally. Antenniferous tubercles swollen and shiny. Antennae covered by golden pubescence, with long dark setae scattered on antennomeres III–IV; antennomere I robust, curved outward; II slightly more robust than III and longer; antennomere IV slightly longer than III, fusiform. Pronotum covered by golden pubescence and long dark setae concentrated on anterior lobe and posterior margin; a pair of whitish pruinose areas laterally between anterior and posterior lobes; another V-shaped pruinose area more evident on posterior lobe, not reaching the margins (Fig. 47); longitudinal midline weakly carinate, more evident between humeral angles. Pleurae with pruinose areas; propleura with irregular row of small rounded punctations on posterior portion; mesopleura anteriorly with row of same punctations; metapleura with whitish setae posteriorly. Legs covered by golden pubescence, with scattered long dark setae. Protibia slightly flattened distally, with grasping comb on distal two thirds. Pruinose areas laterally on abdominal segments III–V. Connexiva not elevated, covered by golden pubescence and long dark brown setae. Body ventrally covered by whitish pubescence. Genital segment I with anterior margin excavated ventrally; posterior region with long dark setae dorsally; dorsal posterior margin slightly concave medially (Figs 59–60). Proctiger with a slight depression on apical third, without expansions, projections or spines (Fig. 61). Paramere elongated, slightly tapering to apex, which is rounded (Fig. 74). Macropterous female. Similar in color and morphology to macropterous male (Fig. 49), except for the more elevated connexiva and whitish pruinose areas on lateral margins of abdominal segments II–VI and a small area above spiracles on segments III and V–VII. Intraspecific variation. Substantial variation was observed in body color and pruinose areas of the pronotum. Specimens from São Gabriel da Cachoeira have darker bodies, with pruinose area of the posterior lobe of pronotum weaker and medially divided by the longitudinal carina (Figs 48–49), whereas the specimens from Alter do Chão are lighter, with the longitudinal yellowish strip and pruinose area of the posterior lobe more evident (Fig. 47). Differential diagnosis. This species is known only in the macropterous form. It is morphologically similar to Oiovelia hamadae sp. nov., mainly in color and pruinosity. The pro- and mesopleura are dark brown to blackish in O. chenae sp. nov., whereas in O. hamadae the dorsal half is orange brown and ventral half is dark brown. However, due to the color variation in populations of both species, it is recommended to compare the males, because females are very similar. Male paramere of O. chenae slightly tapers to the apex, and in O. hamadae it slightly tapers in the middle, widening to the apex, which is wider and more rounded. In addition, the paramere of O. pydanieli sp. nov. is very similar in shape and pilosity to O. chenae, but both species are differentiated by the color of the pronotum, which has the anterior lobe dark brown to blackish and the posterior lobe reddish brown to brownish, with a smaller yellowish area medially in the posterior angle in O. chenae, being uniform orange to orange brown in O. pydanaieli. Also, the male proctiger of O. chenae has a small depression on the dorsal surface, absent in O. pydanieli. Etymology. Named in honor of Dr. Ping-ping Chen (Netherlands Biodiversity Centre, Leiden), in recognition of her valuable contributions to the taxonomy of aquatic Heteroptera. Distribution and habitat. Brazil (Amazonas and Pará). The type series was collected on foam masses formed in a stream of transparent water on the Tapajós River Basin. It is also recorded from the Trombetas River Basin, above the Oriximiná municipality (Pará), Negro River Basin, in São Gabriel da Cachoeira, and between Manaus and Rio Preto da Eva municipalities (Amazonas). All these localities are situated in northern Brazil.

Oiovelia hamadae Rodrigues & Melo sp. nov. (Figs 50–51, 62–64, 75, 79) Type locality. Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus. Type material. All specimens macropterous. HOLOTYPE: ♂(INPA), BRAZIL: AMAZONAS: Manaus, Reserva Forestal Adolpho Ducke, Igarapé Acará, on foam masses, 22.vi.2011, H.D.D. Rodrigues coll. PARATYPES: 10 ♂♂18 ♀♀ (INPA), 3 ♂♂3 ♀♀ (DPIC), 3 ♂♂3 ♀♀ (MZSP), 2 ♂♂4 ♀♀ (NMPC), same data of holotype. Additional material examined. All specimens macropterous. BRAZIL: AMAZONAS: 1♂ (DPIC), Presidente Figueiredo, BR-174, Km 135, Igarapé Canoas, igarapé II do ramal Castanhal, 01º49 ' 51 ″ S / 60º04 ' 15 ″ W, 10.ix.2002, D.L.V. Pereira coll.; 1 ♀ (DPIC), same data, except igarapé I do ramal do Castanhal, 09.ix.2002, 03º01 ' 45 ″ S / 60º08 ' 33 ″ W; 2 ♀♀ (DPIC), Presidente Figueiredo, Vivenda Fênix, ramal do Urubuí, Km 9, 02º03 ' 00 ″ S / 60º06 ' 09 ″ W, 16.x.2002, D.L.V. Pereira coll. Dimensions. Macropterous male (n = 5; mm). BL 3.20–3.42; HL 0.45–0.52; HW 0.60–0.64; ANT I 0.55–0.60, ANT II 0.50–0.52, ANT III 0.37–0.39, ANT IV 0.41–0.45; EYE 0.18–0.20; PL 1.17–1.27; PW 1.07–1.20; FORE LEG: FEM 0.80–0.82, TIB 0.80–0.85, TAR I 0.06–0.07, TAR II 0.08–0.10, TAR III 0.31–0.32; MID LEG: FEM 1.03–1.05, TIB 1.10–1.20, TAR I 0.07, TAR II 0.17–0.23, TAR III 0.32–0.35; HIND LEG: FEM 1.12–1.25, TIB 1.37–1.53, TAR I 0.07–0.08, TAR II 0.25–0.27, TAR III 0.35–0.37. Macropterous female (n = 5; mm). BL 3.50–3.75; HL 0.45–0.55; HW 0.62–0.66; ANT I 0.58–0.64, ANT II 0.52–0.55, ANT III 0.37–0.40, ANT IV 0.45–0.47; EYE 0.18–0.20; PL 1.27–1.35; PW 1.15–1.25; FORE LEG: FEM 0.89–0.92, TIB 0.87–0.92, TAR I 0.07, TAR II 0.10–0.11, TAR III 0.32–0.35; MID LEG: FEM 1.12–1.15, TIB 1.18–1.27, TAR I 0.07–0.09, TAR II 0.22–0.23, TAR III 0.33–0.39; HIND LEG: FEM 1.25–1.32, TIB 1.52–1.62, TAR I 0.08, TAR II 0.27–0.32, TAR III 0.38–0.40. Description. Macropterous male. Color. Head orange brown, with ventral region brownish. Antennae dark brown. Eyes dark red. Rostrum brown, with dorsal surface and lateral margins of segment III yellowish, segment IV black. Pronotum orange brown, with anterior lobe dark brown. Fore wings blackish, with well defined whitish pruinose areas between cells; veins lighter, and a pair of narrow whitish maculae starting from humeri and ending near apex of pronotum (Fig. 50). Pro- and mesopleura with superior half orange brown, inferior half brownish (Fig. 79). Coxae, trochanters and a narrow basal area of femora yellowish, rest of legs dark brown to black. Prosternum brown to orange brown; meso- and metasternum dark brown. Abdominal segments orange brown near connexiva and blackish in spiracle region; sternites brown to dark brown. Genital segments brownish. Structural characters. Head covered by fine golden pubescence and long dark setae. Antenniferous tubercles swollen, shiny. Antennae covered by golden pubescence, with long dark setae scattered on antennomeres III–IV; antennomere I robust, curved outward; II slightly more robust than III, longer; antennomere IV slightly longer than III, fusiform. Pronotum covered with golden pubescence, long dark setae laterally concentrated on anterior lobe, and posteriorly on apical margin; a pair of whitish pruinose areas between anterior and posterior lobes; another V-shaped pruinose area more evident on posterior lobe, not reaching its margins (Fig. 50); longitudinal midline weakly carinate, more evident between humeral angles. Pleurae with pruinose areas; pro- and mesopleura with small rounded punctations; metapleura with whitish setae posteriorly. Legs covered by golden pubescence, with scattered long dark setae. Protibia slightly flattened distally, with grasping comb approximately on posterior half. Pruinose areas laterally on abdominal segments IV–VII, and pruinosity of segment IV does not reach the region above spiracles. Connexiva not elevated, covered by golden pubescence and long dark setae. Body ventrally covered by whitish pubescence. Genital segment I with anterior margin excavated ventrally; posterior region with long dark setae dorsally; dorsal posterior margin slightly concave medially (Figs 62–63). Proctiger without expansions, projections or spines (Fig. 64). Paramere elongated, slightly tapering medially, wider and rounded at apex (Fig. 75). Macropterous female. Similar in color and morphology to macropterous male (Fig. 51), except for the more elevated connexiva and pruinose areas on lateral margins of abdominal segments IV–VII and a small area on segment III. Differential diagnosis. This species is known only in the macropterous form. The body color and pruinosity are very similar to O. chenae sp. nov., which may make the differentiation of the females of both species more difficult. Generally, in O. hamadae sp. nov. the dorsal half of the pro- and mesopleura is orange brown, whereas the ventral half is dark brown, and in O. chenae the pro- and mesopleura are entirely dark brown to blackish. However, they are easily distinguished by the paramere slightly narrowing towards the apex in O. chenae, which does not occur in O. hamadae. In the latter species, the paramere is slightly narrow in middle, widening posteriorly, with wider and rounded apex. Etymology. Named in honor of Dr. Neusa Hamada (Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus), in recognition of her contributions to the knowledge of the aquatic insects of Brazil. Distribution and habitat. Brazil (Amazonas). The type series of the new species was collected on the foam masses formed on the banks of a black water stream, in a ‘terra firme’ forest of the Amazonas state, northern Brazil.

Oiovelia pydanieli Rodrigues & Melo sp. nov. (Figs 52–54, 65–67, 76, 80) Type locality. Brazil, Roraima, Área Indígena Yanomami, Serra de Surucucu. Type material. All specimens macropterous. HOLOTYPE: ♂(INPA), BRAZIL: RORAIMA: Área Indígena Yanomami, Serra de Surucucu, 02º49 ' 53 ″ N / 63º38 ' 19 ″ W, 26.xi.1991, V. Py-Daniel & U. Barbosa coll. PARATYPES: 46 ♂♂34 ♀♀ (INPA), 3 ♂♂3 ♀♀ (DPIC), 3 ♂♂3 ♀♀ (MZSP), same data of holotype. Dimensions. Macropterous male (n = 5; mm). BL 3.60–3.70; HL 0.50–0.55; HW 0.60–0.62; ANT I 0.60–0.62, ANT II 0.52–0.57, ANT III 0.37–0.38, ANT IV 0.40–0.43; EYE 0.17–0.18; PL 1.35–1.38; PW 1.25; FORE LEG: FEM 0.82–0.87, TIB 0.83–0.90, TAR I 0.07, TAR II 0.08–0.10, TAR III 0.31–0.35; MID LEG: FEM 1.05–1.13, TIB 1.18–1.27, TAR I 0.07. TAR II 0.15–0.16; TAR III 0.36–0.37; HIND LEG: FEM 1.30–1.37, TIB 1.52–1.62, TAR I 0.07–0.08, TAR II 0.20–0.25, TAR III 0.38–0.40. Macropterous female (n = 5; mm). BL 4.15–4.30; HL 0.50–0.55; HW 0.66–0.70; ANT I 0.62–0.67, ANT II 0.57–0.62, ANT III 0.37–0.38, ANT IV 0.45–0.46; EYE 0.20; PL 1.52–1.56; PW 1.38–1.50; FORE LEG: FEM 1.02–1.05, TIB 0.97–1.06, TAR I 0.06–0.07, TAR II 0.10, TAR III 0.37–0.38; MID LEG: FEM 1.25–1.30, TIB 1.30–1.40, TAR I 0.07, TAR II 0.17–0.20, TAR III 0.42–0.43; HIND LEG: FEM 1.42–1.50, TIB 1.67–1.70, TAR I 0.09–0.10, TAR II 0.24–0.27, TAR III 0.46–0.47. Description. Macropterous male. Color. Head orange brown, with a small dark brown area below the antenniferous tubercles. Antennae dark brown to black. Eyes dark red. Rostrum brown to dark brown, with the apex of segment III and entire segment IV black. Pronotum orange brown. Fore wings blackish, with well defined whitish pruinose areas between cells, an apical pruinose area shaped as an inverted heart symbol, veins slightly lighter, and a pair of narrow whitish maculae starting from humeri and ending near apex of pronotum (Fig. 52). Pro- and mesopleura orange brown; metapleura orange brown to dark brown (Fig. 80). Prosternum orange brown; meso- and metasternum dark brown. Coxae brown to dark brown; trochanters yellowish to yellowish brown; remaining of leg segments brown to dark brown. Connexiva brown to orange brown. Abdominal segments dark brown to black in spiracle region; sternites brown to dark brown. Genital segments brownish. Structural characters. Head covered by fine golden pubescence and long dark setae concentrated dorsally. Antenniferous tubercles swollen and shiny. Antennae covered by golden pubescence, with long dark setae scattered on apical region of antennomere II and entire segments of III–IV; antennomere I robust, curved outward; II slightly more robust than III, longer; antennomere IV slightly longer than III, fusiform. Pronotum covered by golden pubescence, long dark setae concentrated laterally on anterior lobe and posteriorly on apical margin, a pair of whitish pruinose areas laterally between anterior and posterior lobes; and another V-shaped pruinose area more evident on posterior lobe, not reaching margins (Figs 52, 54); longitudinal midline weakly carinate, more evident between humeral angles. Pleura with pruinose areas; propleura with a row and other rounded punctations on posterior region; mesopleura anteriorly with a row of some punctations; metapleura with whitish setae posteriorly. Legs covered by golden pubescence, with scattered long dark setae. Protibia slightly flattened distally, with grasping comb approximately on posterior half. Pruinose areas laterally on abdominal segments III–VI, with pruinosity of segments V–VI reaching region above spiracles. Connexiva not elevated, covered by golden pubescence and long dark setae. Body ventrally covered by whitish pubescence. Genital segment I with anterior margin ventrally excavated; posterior region with long dark setae dorsally; dorsal posterior margin slightly concave medially (Figs 65–67). Proctiger without depression, projection or spines (Fig. 67). Paramere elongated, slightly tapering to the rounded apex (Fig. 76). Macropterous female. Similar in color and morphology to the macropterous male (Fig. 53), except for the more elevated connexiva and pruinose areas on lateral margins of abdominal segments III–VI, the pruinosity of segment III being smaller and in remaining segments reaching region above spiracles. Intraspecific variation. Some specimens have darker coloration of the pronotum. The basal macula of the fore wing may not be distinct, and the pruinosity on the wing varies slightly in shape and in some cases, the apical pruinose area is not heart-shaped (Fig. 53). Differential diagnosis. This species is known only in the macropterous form. Its paramere is very similar to O. chenae sp. nov. in form and arrangement of the setae. However, these species are distinguished in both sexes by the color of the pronotum, uniformly orange to orange brown in O. pydanieli sp. nov., and orange brown to reddish brown with anterior lobe dark brown in O. chenae. In addition, male proctiger does not have a slight dorsal depression on the posterior half in O. pydanieli, which occurs in O. chenae. Etymology. Named in honor of Dr. Victor Py-Daniel (Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus), in recognition of the significant collection of aquatic Heteroptera donated by him to the Invertebrates Collection of the INPA. Distribution and habitat. Brazil (Roraima). The type series was collected at Serra de Surucucu, in the western part of the State of Roraima, northern Brazil, situated between 800 and 1000 m a.s.l., but without the information about the habitat of the species on the label., Published as part of Rodrigues, Higor D. D., Melo, Alan Lane De & Ferreira-Keppler, Ruth L., 2014, Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Oiovelia (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Veliidae), pp. 65-98 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae (suppl.) (suppl.) 54 (1) on pages 89-91, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4468235

Oiovelia cunucunumana Drake & Maldonado-Capriles, 1952 (Figs 26–28, 38–40, 72) Oiovelia cunucunumana Drake & Maldonado-Capriles, 1952: 51 (original description). Oiovelia cunucunumana: DRAKE & ROZE (1955): 107 (description of male, new records); SPANGLER (1986): 449 (new records, identification key, illustration of male genitalia); MAZZUCCONI & BACHMANN (1997a): 62 (new records); MAZZUCCONI & BACHMANN (1997b): 66 (description of immature stages); MOREIRA & BARBOSA (2011): 11 (new records); MOREIRA et al. (2011): 19 (catalogue); RODRIGUES et al. (2012): 911 (new records). Paravelia correntina Iglesias & Crespo, 1999: 259 (original description). Synonymized by Mazzucconi in TORRES et al. (2007: 143). Type locality. Venezuela, Amazonas, Cerro Culebra. Material examined. All specimens macropterous. BRAZIL: AMAPÁ: 4 ♂♂7♀♀ 12 nymphs (INPA), Serra do Navio, Rio Cachaço, Cachoeira do Fernando, 00°53 ' 18.8 ″ N / 52°01 ' 22.9 ″ W, 02.viii.2011,A.M.O.Pes,P.V.Cruz &A.S. Fernandes coll.[in part,same material examined by RODRIGUES et al.(2012)]. AMAZONAS: 2♂♂7 ♀♀ 4nymphs (INPA),Barcelos, Comunidade Ucuqui, Rio Jauari, 23.vii.2009, N. Ferreira-Jr & J.L. Nessimian coll.[in part,same material examined by RODRIGUES et al.2012]; 10♂♂13 ♀♀ (DPIC),Presidente Figueiredo,AM-240,Km 12, Reserva Ecológica Cachoeira do Santuário, 02°03 ' 43 ″ S / 59°55 ' 44 ″ W, 03.vii.2002, D.L.V. Pereira coll.; 11 ♂♂6 ♀♀ (DPIC), same data of the previous locality, except 15.x.2002; 5 ♂♂5 ♀♀ (INPA), same data, except 30.vi.2011, H.D.D. Rodrigues coll.; 18 ♂♂20 ♀♀ 4 nymphs (INPA), Presidente Figueiredo,AM-240,Km 13, Cachoeira da Porteira, 02°02 ' 15 ″ S / 59°54 ' 53 ″ W, 30.vi.2011, H.D.D. Rodrigues coll.; 16 ♂♂8 ♀♀ 9 nymphs (INPA), same data of the previous locality, except 16.viii.2011; 5 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ (DPIC), Presidente Figueiredo, AM-240, Km 20, Igarapé da Onça, Balneário Sossego da Pantera, 02°02 ' 34 ″ S / 59°51 ' 08 ″ W, 11.ix.2002,D.L.V.Pereira coll.; 24♂♂32 ♀♀ 44 nymphs (INPA),same data of the previous locality,except 29.vi.2011, H.D.D. Rodrigues coll.; 13 ♂♂19 ♀♀ 14 nymphs (INPA), same data, except 17.viii.2011; 12 ♂♂6 ♀♀ 3 nymphs (INPA),Presidente Figueiredo,AM-240, Km 20, Sítio Santo Amaro, 02°04 ' 05 ″ S / 59°54 ' 28.8 ″ W, 18.viii.2011, H.D.D. Rodrigues coll.; 1 ♂ 1 ♀ 6 nymphs (INPA), Presidente Figueiredo, Balneário Marupiara, 02°07 ' S / 60°06 ' W, 01.vii.2011, H.D.D. Rodrigues coll.; 6 ♂♂7 ♀♀ (DPIC), Presidente Figueiredo, Igarapé Canoas, igarapé II do ramal do Castanhal, BR-174, Km 135, 01º49 ' 51 ″ S / 60º04 ' 15 ″ W, 10.ix.2002, D.L.V. Pereira coll.; 17 ♂♂10 ♀♀ (DPIC), Presidente Figueiredo, Vivenda Fênix, ramal do Urubuí, Km 9, 02º03 ' 00 ″ S / 60º06 ' 09 ″ W, 16.x.2002, D.L.V. Pereira coll.; 13♂♂13 ♀♀ (DPIC),Presidente Figueiredo, BR-174, Km 110, Rio Urubuí, 02º01 ' 05 ″ S / 60º02 ' 04 ″ W, 10.x.2002, D.L.V. Pereira coll.; 28 ♂♂24 ♀♀ (DPIC), same data of the previous locality, except Igarapé Camarão, 01º01 ' 05 ″ S / 60º02 ' 02 ″ W; 1 ♂ 2 ♀♀ (DPIC), same data, except Cachoeira Santa Cláudia, 02º02 ' 17S / 60º00 ' 55 ″ W, 11.ix.2002; 11 ♂♂ 5 ♀♀ (DPIC), Presidente Figueiredo, Cachoeira Iracema, 01º59 ' 10 ″ S / 60º03 ' 44 ″ W, 09.x.2002, D.L.V. Pereira coll.; 4 ♂♂6 ♀♀ (DPIC), Presidente Figueiredo, Balneário Água Viva, 02º03 ' 11 ″ S / 59º55 ' 24 ″ W, 15.x.2002, D.L.V. Pereira coll.; 2 ♂♂(DPIC), Presidente Figueiredo, BR-174, Km 113, Igarapé das Lajes, 12.ix.2002, D.L.V. Pereira coll.; 15 ♂♂18 ♀♀ (DPIC), 2 ♂♂2 ♀♀ (NMPC), Presidente Figueiredo, AM-240, Igarapé do Mutum, 02º02 ' 15 ″ S / 59º54 ' 53 ″ W, 10.x.2002, D.L.V. Pereira coll.; 73 ♂♂51 ♀♀ 31 nymphs (INPA), São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Igarapé Miuá, downstream of the waterfall hydroelectric, 00°06 ' 33.2 ″ S / 66°52 ' 24.2 ″ W, 24.viii.2011, R.L.Ferreira-Keppler,P.V. Cruz, A.S. Fernandes & E.A. Reis coll. PARÁ: 1 ♂ 3 ♀♀ (INPA), BR-230, Rio Jaú, 23.iv.1988, U. Barbosa coll.; 10 ♂♂9 ♀♀ (INPA), Rio Mapuera, margem esquerda do Igarapé Beiradão, 19.vi.1986, V. Py-Daniel & U. Barbosa coll. MINAS GERAIS: 1♀ (DPIC), Luz,Ribeirão Jorge Grande, 19°40 ' 13 ″ S / 45°36 ' 37 ″ W, 20.ii.2010, H.D.D. Rodrigues coll.; 7 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀ (DPIC), same data of the previous locality, except 13.iii.2010, H.D.D. Rodrigues & G.J.C. Vianna coll. [same material examined by RODRIGUES et al. (2012)]. SÃO PAULO: 1 ♂ (MZSP), Marília, 22°16 ' S / 49°56 ' W, 650 m a.s.l., v.1947, F. Plaumann coll.; 1 ♂ 3 ♀♀ (MZSP), Pirassununga, 28.ii.1940, Schubart coll. [same material examined by MOREIRA & BARBOSA (2011)]. Dimensions. Macropterous male (n = 5; mm). BL 3.05–3.20; HL 0.45–0.47; HW 0.57–0.62; ANT I 0.45–0.50, ANT II 0.37, ANT III 0.23–0.25, ANT IV 0.33–0.35; EYE 0.15–0.17; PL 1.12–1.17; PW 1.07–1.12; FORE LEG: FEM 0.70–0.75, TIB 0.72–0.75, TAR I 0.06, TAR II 0.07, TAR III 0.27–0.28; MID LEG: FEM 0.82–0.92, TIB 0.97, TAR I 0.07–0.08, TAR II 0.10–0.11, TAR III 0.32–0.35; HIND LEG: FEM 0.95–0.97, TIB 1.25–1.27, TAR I 0.07–0.08, TAR II 0.15, TAR III 0.35–0.37. Macropterous female (n = 5; mm). BL 3.65–3.75; HL 0.60–0.61; HW 0.63–0.65; ANT I 0.57–0.58, ANT II 0.47–0.49, ANT III 0.26–0.30, ANT IV 0.33–0.37; EYE 0.15–0.17; PL 1.30–1.32; PW 1.20–1.22; FORE LEG: FEM 0.80–0.86, TIB 0.80–0.85, TAR I 0.06, TAR II 0.07, TAR III 0.33–0.34; MID LEG: FEM 1.00–1.02, TIB 1.12–1.13, TAR I 0.07, TAR II 0.12, TAR III 0.37–0.40; HIND LEG: FEM 1.15–1.27, TIB 1.47–1.50, TAR I 0.08, TAR II 0.17–0.20, TAR III 0.40–0.45. Diagnostic characters. Head dark brown to black, except for orange brown posterior region and inner margin of the eyes. Pronotum orange brown, with only a pair of small lateral whitish pruinose areas between the anterior and posterior lobes. Fore wings reaching the genital segments dark brown, with a pair of whitish to yellow elongated maculae at the base, starting from humeri and surpassing the apex of pronotum; entirely covered by a faint uniform whitish pruinosity, which can be absent below the basal maculae (Fig. 28). Coxae and trochanters yellowish; femora and tibiae dark brown to black. Proctiger of male without elevation or spines (Fig. 40); paramere tapering slightly in middle, with rounded apex and setae on the dorsal and ventral surfaces (Fig. 72). Intraspecific variation. Within the same population, the color of head and pronotum varied significantly from orange brown, typical of this species, to dark brown (Figs 26–27). In some cases the difference of color dorsally on the head is not evident. Differential diagnosis. This species is known only in the macropterous form and has O. rivicola as a morphologically similar species. Both are distinguished by the V-shaped pruinosity on the posterior lobe of pronotum, which is absent in O. cunucunumana and present in O. rivicola, and by the shape of paramere, widening distinctly in the posterior half of the dorsal surface with subtruncate apex in O. rivicola, whereas in O. cunucunumana it is not distinctly wide on dorsal surface, with rounded apex. Also, both sexes of the species are differentiated by the length and shape of the antennomere IV, smaller (0.33–0.37 mm) and wider in O. cunucunumana (Figs 26–28), and longer (0.42–0.48 mm) and more slender in O. rivicola (Figs 29–31). Distribution and habitat. Venezuela (DRAKE & MALDONADO- CAPRILES 1952, DRAKE & ROZE 1955), Brazil [Amapá (RODRIGUES et al. 2012), Amazonas (RODRIGUES et al. 2012), Pará (present study), Minas Gerais (RODRIGUES et al. 2012), São Paulo (MOREIRA & BARBOSA 2011; present study) and Santa Catarina (SPANGLER 1986)], Peru (SPANGLER 1986), Paraguay (DRAKE & ROZE 1955) and Argentina (MAZZUCCONI & BACHMANN 1997a). At the moment, O. cunucunumana is the species of the genus that has the largest occurrence area, recorded from Venezuela to Argentina. In collections recently made in the state of Amazonas, northern Brazil, it was frequently collected together with O. rivicola in the same foam masses., Published as part of Rodrigues, Higor D. D., Melo, Alan Lane De & Ferreira-Keppler, Ruth L., 2014, Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Oiovelia (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Veliidae), pp. 65-98 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae (suppl.) (suppl.) 54 (1) on pages 76-79, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4468235, {"references":["DRAKE C. J. & MALDONADO-CAPRILES J. 1952: Water-striders from Territorio Amazonas of Venezuela (Hemiptera: Hydrometridae, Veliidae). Great Basin Naturalist 12: 47 - 54.","DRAKE C. J. & ROZE J. A. 1955: A new species of Veloidea from Venezuela (Hemiptera: Veliidae). Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 50: 106 - 109.","SPANGLER P. J. 1986: Two new species of water-striders of the genus Oiovelia from the Tepui Cerro de la Neblina, Venezuela (Hemiptera: Veliidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 88: 438 - 450.","MAZZUCCONI S. A. & BACHMANN A. O. 1997 a: Los generos Oiovelia y Stridulivelia de la Argentina (Heteroptera: Veliidae). Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina 56: 62.","MAZZUCCONI S. A. & BACHMANN A. O. 1997 b: Notas sobre larvas de heteropteros acuaticos argentinos. Familia Veliidae: Oiovelia. Neotropica 43: 57 - 71.","RODRIGUES H. D. D., MELO A. L. & FERREIRA-KEPPLER R. L. 2012: New records of Gerromorpha (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera) from Brazil. Check List 8 (5): 908 - 913.","IGLESIAS M. S. & CRESPO F. A. 1999: A new species of the genus Paravelia Breddin 1898 from Argentina (Heteroptera: Veliidae). Aquatic Insects 21: 259 - 265.","TORRES P. L. M., MAZZUCCONI S. A. & MICHAT M. C. 2007: Los coleopteros y heteropteros acuaticos del Parque Nacional El Palmar (Provincia de Entre Rios, Argentina): lista faunistica, diversidad y distribucion. Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina 66: 127 - 154."]}

Oiovelia viannai Rodrigues & Melo sp. nov. (Figs 55–58, 68–70, 77) Type locality. Brazil, Minas Gerais, Luz. Type material. HOLOTYPE: ♂ (apt) (MZSP), BRAZIL: MINAS GERAIS: Luz, Ribeirão Jorge Grande, 19º40 ' 13 ″ S / 45º36 ' 37 ″ W, 27.iv.2010, H.D.D. Rodrigues coll. PARATYPES: 2 ♂♂(apt) 2♂♂(macr) 4 ♀♀ (apt) 1 ♀ (macr) (DPIC), 1 ♂ (macr) 2 ♀♀ (apt) (MZSP), same data of holotype, except 06.i.2010; 2 ♂♂(apt) 1 ♀ (macr) (MZSP), same data of holotype, except 13.iii.2010, H.D.D. Rodrigues & G.J.C. Vianna coll. Dimensions. Apterous male (n = 5; mm). BL 3.55–3.67; HL 0.50–0.56; HW 0.66–0.70; ANT I 0.55–0.58, ANT II 0.48–0.52, ANT III 0.33–0.35, ANT IV 0.40–0.45; EYE 0.15–0.16; PL 1.21–1.33; PW 0.98–1.03; FORE LEG: FEM 0.82–0.90, TIB 0.83–0.91, TAR I 0.06, TAR II 0.06–0.08, TAR III 0.32; MID LEG: FEM 1.05–1.16, TIB 1.16–1.23, TAR I 0.08–0.09, TAR II 0.13–0.15, TAR III 0.36–0.40; HIND LEG: FEM 1.27–1.35, TIB 1.50–1.63, TAR I 0.08–0.09, TAR II 0.20–0.22, TAR III 0.39–0.45. Macropterous male (n = 2; mm). BL 3.77–3.87; HL 0.47–0.52; HW 0.65; ANT I 0.55–0.62, ANT II 0.52, ANT III 0.33–0.34, ANT IV 0.41–0.42; EYE 0.16–0.17; PL 1.33–1.36; PW 1.31; FORE LEG: FEM 0.82–0.85, TIB 0.88–0.93, TAR I 0.06, TAR II 0.08, TAR III 0.32; MID LEG: FEM 1.14–1.18, TIB 1.21–1.23, TAR I 0.08, TAR II 0.15, TAR III 0.40; HIND LEG: FEM 1.16–1.30, TIB 1.55–1.60, TAR I 0.08–0.10, TAR II 0.20–0.22, TAR III 0.41–0.42. Apterous female (n = 4; mm). BL 3.63–3.85; HL 0.53–0.60; HW 0.62–0.68; ANT I 0.58–0.62, ANT II 0.50–0.56, ANT III 0.34–0.38, ANT IV 0.40–0.45; EYE 0.15–0.17; PL 1.20–1.33; PW 0.95–1.00; FORE LEG: FEM 0.86–0.95, TIB 0.80–0.93, TAR I 0.06, TAR II 0.07, TAR III 0.33–0.36; MID LEG: FEM 1.08–1.12, TIB 1.17–1.25, TAR I 0.07–0.08, TAR II 0.12, TAR III 0.36–0.40; HIND LEG: FEM 1.18–1.33, TIB 1.50–1.63, TAR I 0.08, TAR II 0.17–0.22, TAR III 0.39–0.41. Macropterous female (n = 3; mm). BL 4.10–4.15; HL 0.50–0.57; HW 0.68–0.70; ANT I 0.57–0.62, ANT II 0.46–0.53, ANT III 0.32–0.37, ANT IV 0.40–0.45; EYE 0.17; PL 1.43– 1.50; PW 1.35–1.40; FORE LEG: FEM 0.83–0.90, TIB 0.80–0.86, TAR I 0.06–0.07, TAR II 0.07–0.08, TAR III 0.32–0.35; MID LEG: FEM 1.10, TIB 1.16–1.18, TAR I 0.06–0.09, TAR II 0.10–0.13, TAR III 0.36–0.59; HIND LEG: FEM 1.12–1.28, TIB 1.50–1.56, TAR I 0.08–0.10, TAR II 0.20–0.22, TAR III 0.41–0.43. Description. Apterous male. Color. Head dark brown, ventrally almost black. Antennae dark brown. Eyes dark red to dark brown. Rostrum brown, except for black apex of segments III and IV. Pronotum, pleurae, abdominal and genital segments dark brown; midline of pronotum paler. Coxae and trochanters yellowish brown; remaining of segments of legs dark brown (Fig. 55). Structural characters. Head covered by fine golden pubescence and long dark setae concentrated dorsally in front of eyes. Antenniferous tubercles swollen and shiny. Antennae covered by golden pubescence, with long dark setae scattered on antennomeres II–IV; antennomere I curved outward, widening from base to apex; antennomere II slightly longer and more robust than III; antennomere IV slightly longer than III, fusiform. Pronotum covered by golden pubescence and long dark setae concentrated laterally on anterior lobe, with a slight midline carina; posterior lobe with a faint U-shaped whitish pruinose area. Propleura with two rows of small rounded punctations on posterior portion; mesopleura with a row of same punctations. Legs covered by golden pubescence, with scattered long dark setae. Profemur more robust; protibia with grasping comb on posterior half. Abdomen covered by golden pubescence. Connexiva slightly elevated. Six abdominal tergites visible, converging to the apex in tergite VI (Fig. 55); tergite III with preapical transverse fissure; tergite VII longer, with posterior margin slightly concave. Genital segment I with anterior ventral margin excavated and long dark setae dorsally on posterior region; posterior dorsal margin slightly concave medially (Figs 68–69). Proctiger without elevation or spines (Fig. 70). Paramere narrow, with ventral surface slightly widened in posterior half (Fig. 77). Macropterous male. Similar to apterous male in color and morphology, except for wider pronotum and more developed humeri which are slightly elevated. Fore wings dark brown, with lighter veins; a pair of yellowish maculae at base, starting from humeri and ending near the apex of pronotum; entirely covered by whitish pruinosity, more evident between cells (Fig. 57). Apterous female. Similar to apterous male in color and morphology (Fig. 56), but profemora not dilated; seven abdominal tergites visible; tergite I swollen; tergite II plan and directed downward; the rest of the segments arranged horizontally; connexiva reflected on abdomen, especially in segments III–VI; last abdominal tergite short, with posterior margin slightly concave; long dark setae laterally on abdominal segments II–IV and tergites VI–VII. Macropterous female. Similar to apterous female in color and morphology (Figs 57–58), except for pronotum and fore wings similar to macropterous male, without long dark setae on lateral margin of abdominal segments II–IV. Intraspecific variation. Substantial variation was observed only in the intensity of color in the apterous and macropterous forms. The eyes of some specimens have dark red, almost black color. The base of the femur can be yellowish brown; posterior margin of the posterior lobe of pronotum and genital segments can be brown. Differential diagnosis. This species is known in the apterous and macropterous forms and is morphologically close to O. brasiliensis in the similar fore wing and pruinosity, males with profemur slightly dilated and apterous form with the shape of abdominal tergites similar in both sexes. However, O. viannai sp. nov. differs from O. brasiliensis in the body color dark brown to blackish, with long dark setae only on the lateral margins of the anterior lobe of pronotum and a few of them scattered on the legs, absence of spines on dorsal surface of male proctiger, and in the absence of constriction on abdominal segments III–IV of the female, whereas in O. brasiliensis the color is brownish to reddish brown, pronotum, abdomen and legs are more densely covered by dark setae along the margins, and there is a pair of small spines on male proctiger and slight constriction on abdominal segments III–IV of female. Etymology. The species is named in honor of M.Sc. Gustavo J. C. Vianna for his help in collecting representatives of this species. His friendship helped to motivate H.D.D.R. to persist in his studies concerning this group of insects. Distribution and habitat. Brazil (Minas Gerais). Unlike other species of the genus which were collected on foam formed mainly in the banks of lotic environments of black water, the type series of the new species was collected on all occasions in a locality without foam masses, in a brown water stream (due to the mud substrate), with leaves and twigs on the surface and moderate current (Figs 20–21). The specimens were collected only during the rainy season (January–April), when the water level of the stream reached the marginal vegetation.

Rodrigues, Higor D. D., Melo, Alan Lane De, Ferreira-Keppler, Ruth L. (2014): Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Oiovelia (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Veliidae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae (suppl.) 54 (1): 65-98, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4468235, {"references":["ANDERSEN N. M. 1982: The semiaquatic bugs (Hemiptera, Gerromorpha) phylogeny, adaptations, biogeography and classification. Entomonograph 3: 1-455.","ANDERSEN N. M.1983:The Old World Microveliinae (Hemiptera:Veliidae) I.The status of Pseudovelia Hoberlandt and Perivelia Poisson, with a review of Oriental species. Entomologica Scandinavica 14: 253-268.","DRAKE C. J. & MALDONADO-CAPRILES J. 1952: Water-striders from Territorio Amazonas of Venezuela (Hemiptera: Hydrometridae, Veliidae). Great Basin Naturalist 12: 47-54.","DRAKE C. J. & ROZE J. A. 1955:A new species of Veloidea from Venezuela (Hemiptera: Veliidae). Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 50: 106-109.","FITTKAU E. J. 1977: Kinal and kinon, habitat and coenosis of the surface drift as seen in Amazonian running waters. International Journal of Tropical Geology, Geography and Ecology 1: 9-21.","IGLESIAS M. S. & CRESPO F.A. 1999:A new species of the genus Paravelia Breddin 1898 from Argentina (Heteroptera: Veliidae). Aquatic Insects 21: 259-265.","MAZZUCCONI S. A. & BACHMANN A. O. 1997a: Los generos Oiovelia y Stridulivelia de la Argentina (Heteroptera: Veliidae). Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina 56: 62.","MAZZUCCONI S. A. & BACHMANN A. O. 1997b: Notas sobre larvas de heteropteros acuaticos argentinos. Familia Veliidae: Oiovelia. Neotropica 43: 57-71.","MOREIRA F. F. F. & BARBOSA J. F. 2011: The Veliidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerromorpha) from Sao Paulo State, Brazil: new species, description of the male of Microvelia ioana Drake & Hottes, 1952, and synonymical and distributional notes. Annales de Limnologie 47: 297-311.","MOREIRA F. F. F. & BARBOSA J. F. 2012: Two new species of Paravelia Breddin, 1898 and distributional notes concerning the Veliidae from Minas Gerais State, Brazil (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerromorpha). Zootaxa 3354: 58-68.","MOREIRA F. F. F. & CAMPOS G. G. F. 2012: New distributional data concerning some Gerromorpha (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera) from Brazil. Check List 8(3): 542-547.","MOREIRA F. F. F., BARBOSA J. F. & RIBEIRO J. R. I. 2012: Veliidae (Insecta, Heteroptera, Gerromorpha) from southeastern Brazil:three new species from Rio de Janeiro State, a new species group for Neotropical Rhagovelia Mayr, and notes on distribution and synonymy. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 56: 147-158.","MOREIRA F. F. F., NESSIMIAN J. L., RUDIO J. A. & SALLES F. F. 2010: New species and new records of Veliidae from Espirito Santo State and adjacent Minas Gerais State, Brazil, with notes on nomenclature (Insecta: Heteroptera: Gerromorpha). Journal of Natural History 44: 2761-2801.","MOREIRA F. F. F., BARBOSA J. F., RIBEIRO J. R. I & ALECRIM V. P. 2011: Checklist and distribution of semiaquatic and aquatic Heteroptera (Gerromorpha and Nepomorpha) occurring in Brazil. Zootaxa 2958: 1-74.","NIESER N. & MELO A. L. 1997: Os heteropteros aquaticos de Minas Gerais. Guia introdutorio com chave de identificacao para as especies de Nepomorpha e Gerromorpha. Editora UFMG, Belo Horizonte, 177 pp.","POLHEMUS J. T. & POLHEMUS D.A.1988:A new genus of foam-inhabiting Veliidae (Heteroptera) from Western Madagascar. Journal of the New York Entomological Society 96: 274-280.","RODRIGUES H. D. D., MELO A. L. & FERREIRA-KEPPLER R. L. 2012: New records of Gerromorpha (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera) from Brazil. Check List 8(5): 908-913.","SPANGLER P. J. 1986:Two new species of water-striders of the genus Oiovelia from the Tepui Cerro de la Neblina, Venezuela (Hemiptera: Veliidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 88: 438-450.","TORRES P. L. M., MAZZUCCONI S. A. & MICHAT M. C. 2007: Los coleopteros y heteropteros acuaticos del Parque Nacional El Palmar (Provincia de Entre Rios, Argentina): lista faunistica, diversidad y distribucion. Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina 66: 127-154."]}

Oiovelia spumicola Spangler, 1986 (Figs 32–34, 44–46) Oiovelia spumicola Spangler, 1986: 438 (original description). Oiovelia spumicola: MAZZUCCONI & BACHMANN (1997b): 68 (notes on immature stages). Type locality. Venezuela, Amazonas, Cerro de la Neblina. Type material examined. PARATYPES: VENEZUELA: TERRITÓRIO FEDERAL AMAZONAS: 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (apt) (INPA), 1 ♀ (apt) (MZSP), Cerro de la Neblina, 1450 m a.s.l., 00º52 ' N / 65º58 ' W, 25–28.ii.1985, P.J. Spangler, P.M. Spangler & R.A. Faitoute coll. Dimensions. Apterous male (n = 1; mm). BL 3.10; HL 0.50; HW 0.60; ANT I 0.62, ANT II 0.33, ANT III 0.27, ANT IV 0.40; EYE 0.12; PL 0.97; PW 1.05; FORE LEG: FEM 0.85, TIB 0.83, TAR I 0.06, TAR II 0.06, TAR III 0.35; MID LEG: FEM 0.92, TIB 0.97, TAR I 0.06, TAR II 0.10, TAR III 0.40; HIND LEG: FEM 1.15, TIB 1.30, TAR I 0.07, TAR II 0.10, TAR III 0.40. Apterous female (n = 1; mm). BL 3.55; HL 0.55; HW 0.62; ANT I 0.60, ANT II 0.30, ANT III 0.26, ANT IV 0.43; EYE 0.13; PL 0.97; PW 1.05; FORE LEG: FEM 0.92, TIB 0.83, TAR I 0.06, TAR II 0.06, TAR III 0.37; MID LEG: FEM 1.05, TIB 1.06, TAR I 0.09, TAR II 0.11, TAR III 0.38; HIND LEG: FEM 1.22, TIB 1.32, TAR I 0.07, TAR II 0.15, TAR III 0.41. Diagnostic characters. This species is easily identified and differentiated from all other species by the yellowish general color of the body and appendages (Figs 32–34). Also, the male has dark central areas on sternites V–VI (Fig. 34), proctiger with a small acute process on the dorsal surface, and paramere broad at base, tapering to apex, which is hook-shaped (Fig. 46). Differential diagnosis. The apterous and macropterous forms are known in both sexes. However, it was not possible to examine macropterous specimens in this study. SPANGLER (1986) mentions that their form is similar to apterous specimens, differing from the last mainly in dark brown color of the dorsal surface of head, sides of thorax and abdominal sternites. In addition, the pronotum is reddish brown in anterior third and the fore wings are dark brown, with a basal creamy yellow area. Distribution and habitat. Venezuela (SPANGLER 1986). This species is known only from the type locality, Tepui Cerro de la Neblina, on the border of Venezuela and Brazil. It may possibly be an endemic species of this geographical region. All specimens were collected on foam masses formed in black water streams above 1450 m a.s.l. (SPANGLER 1986)., Published as part of Rodrigues, Higor D. D., Melo, Alan Lane De & Ferreira-Keppler, Ruth L., 2014, Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Oiovelia (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Veliidae), pp. 65-98 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae (suppl.) (suppl.) 54 (1) on pages 81-84, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4468235, {"references":["SPANGLER P. J. 1986: Two new species of water-striders of the genus Oiovelia from the Tepui Cerro de la Neblina, Venezuela (Hemiptera: Veliidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 88: 438 - 450.","MAZZUCCONI S. A. & BACHMANN A. O. 1997 b: Notas sobre larvas de heteropteros acuaticos argentinos. Familia Veliidae: Oiovelia. Neotropica 43: 57 - 71.","MOREIRA F. F. F., NESSIMIAN J. L., RUDIO J. A. & SALLES F. F. 2010: New species and new records of Veliidae from Espirito Santo State and adjacent Minas Gerais State, Brazil, with notes on nomenclature (Insecta: Heteroptera: Gerromorpha). Journal of Natural History 44: 2761 - 2801.","DRAKE C. J. & MALDONADO-CAPRILES J. 1952: Water-striders from Territorio Amazonas of Venezuela (Hemiptera: Hydrometridae, Veliidae). Great Basin Naturalist 12: 47 - 54."]}

Oiovelia Drake & Maldonado-Capriles, 1952 Type-species: Oiovelia cunucunumana Drake & Maldonado-Capriles, 1952, by original designation. Oiovelia Drake & Maldonado-Capriles, 1952: 51 (original description). Redescription. Polymorphism within the genus is common, with macropterous (Figs 26–28) and apterous (Figs 22–23) forms. General body color usually brownish (Fig. 23), varying from dark brown, almost black (Figs 55–58), to yellow (Figs 32–34), with whitish pruinose areas. Body length usually between 3.00 and 4.30 mm. Body without modified setae similar to minute dark spines. Head elongated and deflected in front of eyes (Figs 78–80), with a pair of oblique punctations on posterior region, near inner margin of eyes (Figs 1–2). Eyes globose, separated by a distance greater than eye width, located on posterior portion of the head, adjacent to anterior margin of pronotum. Ocular setae always present, with a pair on each eye. Rostrum reaching mesocoxa (Fig. 25), with segment III distinctly longer than others. Pronotum in both apterous and macropterous forms long, covering meso- and metanotum, with lateral area of anterior lobe with long dark setae, and a row of rounded punctations adjacent to anterior margin; posterior lobe covered by same punctations, with posterior angle rounded (Fig. 2); whitish pruinose areas usually present on anterior lobe and/or posterior lobe (Figs 29, 54). Apterous form with humeral angles not elevated. The contrary occurs in the macropterous form, with humeral angles slightly elevated, and usually dark brown fore wings reaching genital segments; the two basal cells smaller than the two apical cells; when closed, forming a pair of basal maculae near humeral angles, varying from whitish (Fig. 26) to yellowish (Fig. 27); in addition to these maculae, rest of wing with whitish pruinosity, which can be uniform and covering almost entire wing (Figs 24, 26–27) or well delimited between cells (Figs 47–49, 50–51). Propleura, mesopleura, and prosternum with rounded punctations. Intersegmental region between meso- and metasternum always with two pairs of small tubercles medially (Fig. 5). Legs without modifications or spines; tarsi three-segmented; tarsomeres I–II short, III longer and wider than previous; tarsomere II of mid leg usually at most 2× longer than I; tarsomere III expanded, with lateral margins divergent; pretarsus composed of a pair of symmetrical, falciform claws and a pair of setae-like aroliae (Fig. 9); these structures are inserted in a median cleft that divides tarsomere III into two lobes, where external one is twice the size of the internal one. Male presents a grasping comb on inner margin of protibia, absent in female (Figs 3–4). Abdomen in both sexes without modifications, usually with whitish pruinose areas laterally; posterior angle of last connexival segment not developed (Figs 78–80). Males: connexiva horizontal to slightly elevated; apterous form with six visible tergites (Fig. 32); sternite VII without projections or lobes on posterior margin (Fig. 34); pygophore simple, with pilosity on posterior half; proctiger with an acute projection (Fig. 46), spines (Fig. 37) or without modifications (Fig. 40); parameres symmetrical, elongated and slightly curved (Figs 71–77). Females: connexiva elevated; apterous form with seven visible tergites, generally with part of the connexives reflected over abdomen (Figs 23, 33, 56); proctiger small, globose; first gonocoxa plate-like (Figs 78–80). Differential diagnosis. In Oiovelia, specimens with high variation of color and pruinosity are common. Also, some species are morphologically very similar, differing basically in the color and male genitalia. For this reason, even when having a few specimens, it is necessary to examine male characters to confirm the species identification. However, species of the genus usually have gregarious behavior, and are consequently easily collected in large numbers. In foam masses, where these insects preferably live (Figs 16–19), it is common to observe several couples in copulation, and nymphs of all instars. When compared with other Neotropical veliids, the genus Oiovelia has the most active flight behavior, and the migration of specimens between the foam masses is frequently observed in the field. In addition, two species have already been collected at the same locality (e.g., O. cunucunumana with O. rivicola; and O. cunucunumana with O. viannai sp. nov.), which may lead to misidentifications. The existing records of the genus are from northern South America, southeastern Brazil and Argentina, regions with specialists working with this group of insects. Thus, there is an evident gap in collecting sites in the other South American countries as well as in central-western and northeastern Brazil, where the species of the genus possibly also occur. Oiovelia is very similar to the Neotropical genus Paravelia Breddin, 1898, differing from the latter mainly in the form of tarsomere III of all legs, which is expanded, with lateral margins slightly divergent (Fig. 9), whereas in Paravelia the tarsomere III is either cylindrical or subcylindrical, with lateral margins parallel (Fig. 10). In addition, the fore wings of Oiovelia have only a pair of basal maculae starting near the humeral angles, with the rest of the wing at most with pruinosity (Fig. 26). In Paravelia, the fore wings usually have a pair of basal maculae and another apical macula (Fig. 15), with a wide variety of sizes and forms. In some species, however, the apical macula may be absent (e.g., P. basalis (Spinola, 1837) and P. itatiayana Drake 1951). On the other hand, Paravelia bullialata Polhemus & Polhemus, 1984 and P. splendoris (Drake & Harris, 1933) (Fig. 15) have the form of the tarsomere III very similar to the species of Oiovelia, which most likely represents convergent character. Until now, no phylogenetic studies concerning the Neotropical Veliinae have been available from literature, and POLHEMUS (1976) and ANDERSEN (1982) commented that Oiovelia (monotypic at that time) could be just a subgenus or a species group within the genus Paravelia. In this study, we observed that besides the form of the tarsomere III, hitherto the main diagnostic character of the genus, other characters remain constant within the species, such as: absence of black denticles on the body; presence of a pair of oblique punctations on posterior region of head; absence of silver or whitish pubescence on the anterior lobe of pronotum; long dark setae present laterally on the anterior lobe of pronotum; posterior angle of pronotum rounded; fore wings without apical macula; legs without spines, teeth or denticles; two pairs of small tubercles on intersegmental region between the meso- and metasternum; and posterior angle of last connexival segment not developed, rounded. In addition to morphology, Oiovelia species are predominantly inhabitants of foam masses on streams, and so far no species of Paravelia has been correctly recorded from this environment., Published as part of Rodrigues, Higor D. D., Melo, Alan Lane De & Ferreira-Keppler, Ruth L., 2014, Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Oiovelia (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Veliidae), pp. 65-98 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae (suppl.) (suppl.) 54 (1) on pages 71-72, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4468235, {"references":["DRAKE C. J. & MALDONADO-CAPRILES J. 1952: Water-striders from Territorio Amazonas of Venezuela (Hemiptera: Hydrometridae, Veliidae). Great Basin Naturalist 12: 47 - 54.","ANDERSEN N. M. 1982: The semiaquatic bugs (Hemiptera, Gerromorpha) phylogeny, adaptations, biogeography and classification. Entomonograph 3: 1 - 455."]}

Oiovelia brasiliensis Moreira, Nessimian & Rúdio, 2010 (Figs 22–25, 35–37, 71) Oiovelia brasiliensis Moreira, Nessimian & Rúdio, 2010 in MOREIRA et al. (2010): 2763 (original description). Oiovelia brasiliensis: MOREIRA & BARBOSA (2011): 11 (new records); MOREIRA & BARBOSA (2012):64 (new records); MOREIRA & CAMPOS (2012): 545 (new record); RODRIGUES et al. (2012): 911 (new record). Oiovelia cunucunumana (misidentification): MOREIRA & BARBOSA (2011): 11 (partim). Type locality. Brazil, Espírito Santo, Pinheiros. Type material examined. PARATYPES: BRAZIL: ESPÍRITO SANTO: 1 ♂ 2 ♀♀ (apt) (CZNC), Pinheiros, Reserva Ecológica Córrego dos Veados, Córrego Água Limpa, foam, -18.36776° / -40.13944°, 86 m a.s.l., 10.ii.2009, F.F.F. Moreira coll.; 1 ♀ (macr) (CZNC), Santa Teresa, Reserva Biológica Augusto Ruschi, Cachoeira Grande, foam, 19°52 ' 30.1 ″″ S / 40°33 ' 21.9 ″ W, 704 m a.s.l., 20.ii.2009, J.A. Rúdio & F.F. Salles coll. Additional material examined. BRAZIL: MINAS GERAIS: 2♂♂(apt) (DPIC), Ipoema, 13.ix.2001, A.L. Melo coll.; 2 ♀♀ (apt) (DPIC), Serra do Cipó, 17.iv.1999, A.L. Melo coll.; 1 ♀ (macr) (DPIC), Santana do Riacho, Lapinha da Serra, 19°10 ' 08 ″ S / 43°42 ' 51 ″ W, Cachoeira do Paraíso, 29.i.2011, H.D.D. Rodrigues coll. [same material examined by RODRIGUES et al.(2012)]. SÃO PAULO: 1♂ (apt) (MZSP), Salesópolis, Estação Biológica Boracéia, Ribeirão Venerando, 27–28.v.1965, C.G. Froehlich coll. [misidentified by MOREIRA & BARBOSA (2011) as O. cunucunumana]. Dimensions. Apterous male (n = 2; mm). BL 3.25–3.29; HL 0.50–0.55; HW 0.65–0.67; ANT I 0.60–0.62, ANT II 0.45–0.50, ANT III 0.35, ANT IV 0.40–0.42; EYE 0.17; PL 1.12–1.20; PW 1.00–1.02; FORE LEG: FEM 0.80–0.87, TIB 0.81–0.86, TAR I 0.06, TAR II 0.07, TAR III 0.37; MID LEG: FEM 1.04–1.07, TIB 1.13–1.15, TAR I 0.07, TAR II 0.11–0.12, TAR III 0.40; HIND LEG: FEM 1.17–1.25, TIB 1.42–1.50, TAR I 0.08–0.10, TAR II 0.14–0.17, TAR III 0.40–0.41. Apterous female (n = 3; mm). BL 3.40–3.80; HL 0.53–0.55; HW 0.65–0.67; ANT I 0.62–0.65, ANT II 0.50–0.51, ANT III 0.37–0.40, ANT IV 0.43–0.45; EYE 0.16–0.20; PL 1.19–1.30; PW 0.97–1.00; FORE LEG: FEM 0.81–0.89, TIB 0.83–0.87, TAR I 0.07, TAR II 0.07, TAR III 0.36; MID LEG: FEM 1.12–1.18, TIB 1.16–1.18, TAR I 0.08, TAR II 0.12–0.14, TAR III 0.38–0.40; HIND LEG: FEM 1.23–1.30, TIB 1.50, TAR I 0.08–0.09, TAR II 0.15–0.18, TAR III 0.40–0.45. Macropterous female (n = 1; mm). BL 3.92; HL 0.62; HW 0.70; ANT I 0.65, ANT II 0.52, ANT III 0.37, ANT IV 0.42; EYE 0.17; PL 1.45; PW 1.50; FORE LEG: FEM 0.92, TIB 0.90, TAR I 0.07, TAR II 0.07, TAR III 0.40; MID LEG: FEM 1.17, TIB 1.25, TAR I 0.08, TAR II 0.12, TAR III 0.45; HIND LEG: FEM 1.36, TIB 1.55, TAR I 0.08, TAR II 0.15, TAR III 0.42. Diagnostic characters. Color of head and pronotum dark reddish brown to reddish brown. Body and legs covered by long dark setae. Coxae, trochanters and femora light brown to yellowish, with remaining segments of the legs brown to dark brown (Fig. 25). Fore wings in macropterous form reaching the genital segments, dark brown, with the veins slightly lighter, and a pair of pale yellowish maculae at the base, starting from humeri and surpassing the apex of pronotum; entirely covered by whitish pruinosity, more evident between the cells (Fig. 24). Proctiger of the male with a pair of small spines on half of the dorsal surface (Fig. 37). Paramere with ventral surface widening in the posterior half (Fig. 71). Female abdomen with a slight lateral constriction on segments III–IV (Fig. 25). Intraspecific variation. We observed substantial variation in color and pilosity. Some specimens have the tegument of the body and legs orange brown to yellowish brown. We examined an apterous male (in MZSP) that had few setae along the margins of the body, possibly lost over the time. Also the spines of the male proctiger varied slightly in size. Differential diagnosis. This species is known from apterous and macropterous form, and has O. viannai sp. nov. as a morphologically similar species. It differs from the later in the body color, ranging from brownish to reddish brown, presence of a pair of spines on male proctiger, and abdominal segment III–IV of the female slightly constricted, whereas in O. viannai the body is dark brown to blackish and spines on male proctiger and constriction on female abdomen are absent. Distribution and habitat. Brazil: Minas Gerais (RODRIGUES et al. 2012; present study), border of Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro (MOREIRA & BARBOSA 2012), Espírito Santo (MOREIRA et al. 2010), São Paulo (MOREIRA & BARBOSA 2011; present study), Rio de Janeiro (MOREIRA et al. 2012) and Rio Grande do Sul (MOREIRA & CAMPOS 2012). This species was described from the state of Espírito Santo, southeastern Brazil, and later recorded in other four states of Brazil. Generally, it is collected in small numbers of specimens and may or may not be found on foam masses., Published as part of Rodrigues, Higor D. D., Melo, Alan Lane De & Ferreira-Keppler, Ruth L., 2014, Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Oiovelia (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Veliidae), pp. 65-98 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae (suppl.) (suppl.) 54 (1) on pages 74-76, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4468235, {"references":["MOREIRA F. F. F., NESSIMIAN J. L., RUDIO J. A. & SALLES F. F. 2010: New species and new records of Veliidae from Espirito Santo State and adjacent Minas Gerais State, Brazil, with notes on nomenclature (Insecta: Heteroptera: Gerromorpha). Journal of Natural History 44: 2761 - 2801.","MOREIRA F. F. F. & CAMPOS G. G. F. 2012: New distributional data concerning some Gerromorpha (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera) from Brazil. Check List 8 (3): 542 - 547.","RODRIGUES H. D. D., MELO A. L. & FERREIRA-KEPPLER R. L. 2012: New records of Gerromorpha (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera) from Brazil. Check List 8 (5): 908 - 913."]}

Oiovelia rivicola Spangler, 1986 (Figs 29–31, 41–43, 73) Oiovelia rivicola Spangler, 1986: 446 (original description). Type locality. Venezuela, Amazonas, Cerro de la Neblina. Material examined. All specimens macropterous. BRAZIL: AMAPÁ: 1 ♂ (INPA), Serra do Navio, Rio Cachaço, Cachoeira do Fernando, 00°53 ' 18.8 ″ N / 52°01 ' 22.9 ″ W, 02.viii.2011, A.M.O. Pes, P.V. Cruz & A.S. Fernandes coll. AMAZONAS: 1 ♂ (DPIC), Presidente Figueiredo, BR-174, Km 110, Rio Urubuí, 02º01 ' 05 ″ S / 60º02 ' 04 ″ W, 10.x.2002, D.L.V. Pereira coll.; 2 ♂♂ (DPIC), same data of the previous locality, except Igarapé Camarão, 01º01 ' 05 ″ S / 60º02 ' 02 ″ W; 6 ♂♂(DPIC), same data, except Km 107, Cachoeira Santa Cláudia, 02º02 ' 17 ″ S / 60º00 ' 55 ″ W; 5 ♂♂ 1 ♀ (INPA), Presidente Figueiredo, BR-174, Km 115, Igarapé das Lajes, 01°59 ' S / 60°01 ' W, 01.vii.2011, H.D.D. Rodrigues coll.; 1♂ 1♀ (DPIC), Presidente Figueiredo,AM-240, Km 12, Reserva Ecológica Cachoeira do Santuário, 02°03 ' 43 ″ S / 59°55 ' 44 ″ W, 15.x.2002, D.L.V. Pereira coll.; 52 ♂♂35 ♀♀ (INPA), same data of the previous locality, except 30.vi.2011, H.D.D. Rodrigues coll.; 17 ♂♂ 8 ♀♀ (INPA), 2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ (NMPC), Presidente Figueiredo, AM-240, Km 13, Cachoeira da Porteira, 02°02 ' 15 ″ S / 59°54 ' 53 ″ W, 30.vi.2011, H.D.D. Rodrigues coll.; 19 ♂♂14 ♀♀ (INPA), Presidente Figueiredo, AM-240, Km 20, Igarapé da Onça, Balneário Sossego da Pantera, 02°02 ' 34 ″ S / 59°51 ' 08 ″ W, 29.vi.2011, H.D.D. Rodrigues coll.; 8 ♂♂1 ♀ (INPA), Presidente Figueiredo, AM-240, Km 20, Sítio Santo Amaro, 02°04 ' 05 ″ S / 59°54 ' 28,8 ″ W, 18.viii.2011, H.D.D. Rodrigues coll.; 2 ♂♂2 ♀♀ (DPIC), same data, except Balneário Água Viva, Km 12, 02º03 ' 11 ″ S / 59º55 ' 24 ″ W, 15.x.2002, D.L.V. Pereira coll.; 41 ♂♂24 ♀♀ 24 nymphs (INPA), São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Igarapé Miuá, 00°06 ' 14.2 ″ S / 66°52 ' 31.3 ″ W, 24.viii.2011, R.L. Ferreira-Keppler, P.V. Cruz, A.S. Fernandes & E.A. Reis coll.; 11 ♂♂16 ♀♀ (INPA), Apuí, 06°51 ' 35 ″ S / 59°58 ' 32 ″ W, 03.v.1999, N. Hamada coll. Dimensions. Macropterous male (n = 5; mm). BL 3.55–3.57; HL 0.51–0.55; HW 0.60–0.62; ANT I 0.55–0.57, ANT II 0.50–0.52, ANT III 0.37–0.38, ANT IV 0.45–0.47; EYE 0.15–0.17; PL 1.20–1.25; PW 1.12–1.17; FORE LEG: FEM 0.85, TIB 0.85–0.86, TAR I 0.06, TAR II 0.07, TAR III 0.31–0.32; MID LEG: FEM 1.02–1.03, TIB 1.12–1.15, TAR I 0.07, TAR II 0.15–0.16, TAR III 0.32–0.35; HIND LEG: FEM 1.15–1.17, TIB 1.45–1.50, TAR I 0.07–0.08, TAR II 0.22–0.26, TAR III 0.33–0.35. Macropterous female (n = 5; mm). BL 3.90–4.12; HL 0.55; HW 0.65; ANT I 0.60–0.62, ANT II 0.52–0.55, ANT III 0.33–0.40, ANT IV 0.42–0.48; EYE 0.17–0.18; PL 1.40–1.42; PW 1.25–1.27; FORE LEG: FEM 0.92–0.95, TIB 0.92–0.94, TAR I 0.06, TAR II 0.07–0.08, TAR III 0.35; MID LEG: FEM 1.05–1.20, TIB 1.15–1.25, TAR I 0.07, TAR II 0.15–0.18, TAR III 0.37; HIND LEG: FEM 1.30–1.45, TIB 1.47–.167, TAR I 0.07–0.08, TAR II 0.25, TAR III 0.37–0.40. Diagnostic characters. Head and pronotum reddish brown, except for the orange margins of the posterior lobe of pronotum. A pair of small areas of whitish pruinosity laterally on the anterior lobe and another more evident V-shaped area on the posterior lobe. Fore wings reaching the genital segments, with a faint uniform whitish pruinosity covering almost the entire wing and a pair of elongated pale yellow maculae at the base, starting from humeri and surpassing the apex of pronotum (Figs 29–31). Coxae and trochanters yellowish; femora and tibiae dark brown to black. Proctiger of the male without elevation or spines (Fig. 43). Paramere narrow medially, widening distinctly in posterior half of the dorsal surface, with subtruncate apex (Fig. 73). Differential diagnosis. This species is known only in the macropterous form and is morphologically similar to O. cunucunumana; both species were collected in the same mass of foam. However, O. rivicola has a V-shaped pruinose area on posterior lobe of pronotum and posterior half of the paramere distinctly widened, subtruncate, whereas in O. cunucunumana the pruinosity is absent and the paramere is not distinctly widened posteriorly, having more setae along its margins. Also, both sexes are differentiated by the length of the antennomere IV, smaller (0.33–0.37 mm) and wider in O. cunucunumana, and longer (0.42–0.48 mm) and slender in O. rivicola. It differs from the others species which also have a V-shaped pruinosity on the posterior lobe of pronotum (Oiovelia chenae sp. nov., O. hamadae sp. nov. and O. pydanieli sp. nov.) in the fore wings without well-defined pruinose areas between the cells, which occur on the other three species. Distribution and habitat. Venezuela (SPANGLER 1986) and Brazil: Amapá and Amazonas (present study). The first record for Brazil. SPANGLER (1986) mentioned that all specimens examined in his study were collected by an ultraviolet light trap on the banks of the Baria river in a non-elevated region (140 m a.s.l.) in southern Venezuela. The author also assumed that its habitat would be possibly streams. Recently, specimens of O. rivicola were collected in foam masses formed in black water streams, both on the surface and in galleries formed within these., Published as part of Rodrigues, Higor D. D., Melo, Alan Lane De & Ferreira-Keppler, Ruth L., 2014, Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Oiovelia (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Veliidae), pp. 65-98 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae (suppl.) (suppl.) 54 (1) on pages 79-81, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4468235, {"references":["SPANGLER P. J. 1986: Two new species of water-striders of the genus Oiovelia from the Tepui Cerro de la Neblina, Venezuela (Hemiptera: Veliidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 88: 438 - 450."]}

Fil: Ferreira-Keppler, Ruth Leila. Laboratório de Citotaxonomia e Insetos Aquáticos. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia; Brasil Fil: Ronderos, María Marcela. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Entomología; Argentina Fil: Díaz, Florentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Entomología; Argentina Fil: Spinelli, Gustavo Ricardo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Entomología; Argentina Fil: da Silva Torreias, Sharlene Roberta. Laboratório de Citotaxonomia e Insetos Aquáticos. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia; Brasil

Microvelia Westwood, 1834 urucara Moreira, Barbosa & Nessimian, 2011: 659, figs. 1���4. Holotype: macropterous male (Hemip 176), alcohol; Brazil, Amazonas, Urucar��, L��rio do Vale, Lago do Albano (-2.41418��; 57.49993��), armadilha U.V., A 18 UV, 24.IX. 2003, P. de Marco & N. Ferreira-Jr colls., Published as part of Rodrigues, Higor D. D. & Ferreira-Keppler, Ruth L., 2013, Catalog of type specimens of invertebrates in the collection of the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amaz��nia, Manaus, Brazil. VI. Hexapoda: Hemiptera: Heteroptera, pp. 192-206 in Zootaxa 3716 (2) on page 198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3716.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/218945

Ceratocapsus Reuter, 1876 manaura Carvalho & Fontes, 1985: 236, figs. 8���10. Holotype: male (Hemip050), glued to a pinned paper; Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus, Parque das Laranjeiras, 08��� 14.VII. 1981, J. Arias coll., Published as part of Rodrigues, Higor D. D. & Ferreira-Keppler, Ruth L., 2013, Catalog of type specimens of invertebrates in the collection of the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amaz��nia, Manaus, Brazil. VI. Hexapoda: Hemiptera: Heteroptera, pp. 192-206 in Zootaxa 3716 (2) on page 194, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3716.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/218945

Cavernicola Barber, 1937 lenti Barrett & Arias, 1985: 91, figs. 1���5. Paratypes: 1 male (Hemip064P 1), 1 female (Hemip064P 2), pinned; Brazil, Amazonas, Balbina [north of the river Uatum��], 27.XI. 1983, T.V. Barrett et al. colls., Published as part of Rodrigues, Higor D. D. & Ferreira-Keppler, Ruth L., 2013, Catalog of type specimens of invertebrates in the collection of the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amaz��nia, Manaus, Brazil. VI. Hexapoda: Hemiptera: Heteroptera, pp. 192-206 in Zootaxa 3716 (2) on page 196, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3716.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/218945

Sundarus Amyot & Serville, 1843 paludum Brailovsky, 1988: 599, fig. 66. Holotype: female (Hemipt 104), pinned; Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus, 3027, 16.VII. 1969, E.V. Silva coll. Geocoridae Baerensprung, 1860 (Lygaeoidea) Tropicoparapamphantus Brailovsky, 1989 amazonicus Brailovsky, 1989: 195, figs. 1���2. Holotype: male (Hemipt 125), glued to a pinned paper; Brazil, Amazonas, Hwy ZF 2, km 19.5, ca 60 km N Manaus, Canopy Fogging Project, TRS # 10, Tray # 691, 02 �� 30 ���S��� 60 �� 15 ���W, 18.VIII. 1979, Adis, Erwin, Montgomery et al. colls. Parapamphantus Barber, 1954 erikae Brailovsky, 1989: 197, fig. 3. Holotype: male (Hemipt 126), glued to a pinned paper; Brazil, Amazonas, Rio Tarum��-Mirim, 20 km nw Manaus, sample # 29, 02 �� 53 ���S��� 06��07���W, black water inundation forest canopy fogged with Pyrethrum, 02.III. 1979, Montgomery, Erwin, Schimmel, Krischik, Date & Bacon colls. Pentatomidae Leach, 1815 Sibaria St��l, 1872 englemani Rolston, 1975: 220, figs. 1���11. Paratype: 1 male (Hemip019), pinned; Panama, Canal Zone, Gatun Spillway (9 �� 20 ���N, 79 �� 58 ���W), 15.X. 1973, D. Engleman coll. Antiteuchus Dallas, 1851 geometricus Engleman (in Engleman & Rolston, 1983): 188, figs. 14, 18���19. Holotype: male (Hemip021), pinned; Brazil, Amazonas, 26 km N Manaus, 14.III. 1977, D. Engleman coll. graziae Engleman (in Engleman & Rolston, 1983): 185, figs. 12, 15, 20. Holotype: female (Hemip022), pinned; Brazil, Mato Grosso, 10 �� 25 ���S / 59 �� 28 ���W, 300 m, 17���22.III. 1977, D. Engleman coll. Pallantia St��l, 1862 maculosa Grazia, 1980: 22, figs. 10���18. Paratype: 1 female (Hemip020), pinned; Panama, District Chepo, Altos de Maje, at lights, 17.V. 1975, Stockwell & Engleman colls. Phalaecus St��l, 1862 nigromaculatus Grazia, 1983: 185, figs. 23���31. Holotype: male (Hemip 118), pinned; Brazil, Mato Grosso, Reserva Humboldt, 10 �� 11 ���S / 59 �� 48 ���W, 06.IV. 1979, N.D. Penny coll. Acknowledgments We thank Augusto L. Henriques, curator of the Collection of Invertebrates of INPA, for all the facilities during our study and access to the collection; Jos�� A. Rafael (INPA) for encouraging working with all Heteroptera in this collection and for reading drafts of the manuscript; and H��lcio R. Gil-Santana (Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro), Cristiano F. Schwertner (Universidade Federal de S��o Paulo), and Harry Brailovsky (Universidad Nacional Aut��noma de M��xico) for helping and sending some references of Reduviidae, Pentatomidae, and Coreidae, respectively; and also to Carl W. Schaefer for his appreciated suggestions towards the improvement of this paper. This work was supported in part by the CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient��fico e Tecnol��gico, Brazil), with a scholarship provided to H.D.D.R., Published as part of Rodrigues, Higor D. D. & Ferreira-Keppler, Ruth L., 2013, Catalog of type specimens of invertebrates in the collection of the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amaz��nia, Manaus, Brazil. VI. Hexapoda: Hemiptera: Heteroptera, pp. 192-206 in Zootaxa 3716 (2) on pages 202-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3716.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/218945

Nematopus Berthold, 1827 manauensis Brailovsky & Camacho, 2003: 142, figs. 4, 19���20. Holotype: male (Hemip 159), pinned; Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus, Esta����o AM 1, km 16, 2905, 16.VII. 1969, E.V. Silva coll. Paratypes: 1 female (Hemip 159 P 2), same data of holotype, except 2908. 1 female (Hemip 159 P 1), Manaus, Reserva Ducke, 2934., Published as part of Rodrigues, Higor D. D. & Ferreira-Keppler, Ruth L., 2013, Catalog of type specimens of invertebrates in the collection of the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amaz��nia, Manaus, Brazil. VI. Hexapoda: Hemiptera: Heteroptera, pp. 192-206 in Zootaxa 3716 (2) on page 202, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3716.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/218945

Rodrigues, Higor D. D., Ferreira-Keppler, Ruth L. (2013): Catalog of type specimens of invertebrates in the collection of the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil. VI. Hexapoda: Hemiptera: Heteroptera. Zootaxa 3716 (2): 192-206, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3716.2.4