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Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the inflammatory profile of T helper (Th) cells in normoglycemic (N) and diabetic rats with apical periodontitis (AP)., Methods: Twenty male Wistar rats were divided in 2 groups: N rats and rats with diabetes mellitus (DM). DM was induced using streptozotocin, and AP was induced by dental pulp exposure of the first mandibular molar to the oral environment. After 30 days, the mandibles were removed and processed for histologic analysis, bacterial analysis, and immunochemical assays for interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, IL-17, IL-23, interferon gamma, and IL-10. The Mann-Whitney U test and Student t test were used for statistical analysis (P < .05)., Results: The DM group showed more intense inflammatory infiltrate with larger sizes of bone reabsorption and a greater presence of bacteria than the N group (P < .05). Proinflammatory cytokine levels in the DM group were also greater than those in the N group (P < .05). However, interferon gamma was more intense in the N group than in the DM group (P < .05)., Conclusions: The inflammatory profile of AP in DM is different from that in the N group, suggesting that Th1 is a secondary strain and the Th17 strain is predominant in DM., (Copyright © 2019 American Association of Endodontists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: To investigate cardiorespiratory effects and serum concentration of ropivacaine combined with morphine at different doses., Methods: Sixteen healthy adult female dogs weighting 9.8 ± 4.1 kg were included in the study. Twenty minutes after being premedicated with acepromazine and midazolam, the animals were randomly assigned to receive an epidural injection according to each group: RM0.15 = ropivacaine + morphine (0.15 mg kg(-1)) and RM0.2 = ropivacaine + morphine (0.2 mg kg(-1)). Variables recorded consisted of: heart rate and cardiac rhythm, respiratory rate, oxyhemoglobin saturation, inspired oxygen fraction, end-tidal carbon dioxide tension, systolic, mean and diastolic arterial pressures, serum cortisol, plasma ropivacaine and morphine., Results: SAP, MAP and DAP were significantly increased at TPR in RM0.15 but returned to normal values at the end of the procedure. Arterial pH was decreased in T30 and TESu in both groups and also returned to acceptable ranges at TR. Both PaO2 and PaCO2 were increased along the duration period of the epidural blockade (T30 and TESu) and returned to acceptable values at TR. Serum cortisol was lower at TB, T30 and TR when compared to TESu., Conclusion: The procedures were performed safely and minimal changes in cardiovascular and respiratory variables.

Canine mesenchymal cells (MSCs) derived from Wharton's jelly were co-cultured, then supplemented or not supplemented with platelet rich plasma (PRP) and demineralized bone matrix (DBM) to verify osteogenic differentiation. Osteoblastic differentiation followed by mineralized bone matrix production was found to be significantly higher (p < 0.05) when MSCs were associated with PRP/DBM in culture after 14-21-days of induction. Osteopontin and osteocalcin gene expression were significantly superior (p < 0.05) under the same culture conditions after 21 days of observation. In conclusion, addition of PRP to DBM co-cultured with MSCs successfully induced osteogenesis in vitro.

Objectives: To evaluate bone healing in an experimental radial ostectomy in dogs treated with autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP), through histological, densitometric, radiographic studies, as well as expression of growth factors in the ostectomy gap., Methods: Twenty-one dogs were randomly divided into either a control or a PRP group. All underwent unilateral ostectomy of the radius to generate a gap of 2.0 mm, that was stabilized with external skeletal fixation. The ostectomy gap was either filled with PRP or left empty as a control. The radiographic and densitometric studies were performed after surgery, then at intervals until 60 days during the post-surgery period. Histological and immunohistochemical evaluations were performed at seven or 60 days post-surgery. Analyses were performed using a statistical analysis system, and the level of significance was set at p <0.05., Results: The median radiographic healing score in the PRP group increased significantly between day 0 and day 60. Furthermore, at 60 days, the median healing score and the proportion of healed ostectomies in the control group (score 1; 1/6 healed) and the PRP group (score 5; 4/5 healed) were significantly different. There were differences between groups in radiographic and densitometric values at days 45 and 60. The histological evaluation showed advanced bone healing at 60 days in the PRP group and signs of delayed union in the control group., Clinical Relevance: Platelet-rich plasma can be used as an adjuvant therapy because it may promote better bone healing of a radial ostectomy treated with external skeletal fixation in dogs.