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In this study, we described the last instar larva of Angelagrion nathaliae Lencioni, 2008, the first one described for this genus, collected in Inconfidentes and Uberlândia municipalities, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. We compared the diagnostic characters of A. nathaliae with some species of Telebasis Selys, 1865. Despite some similarities with Telebasis larvae, the larva of A. nathaliae can be distinguished from the family by a combination of characters of the mouthparts and gills.

Euterpe edulis is a plant native of Brazil and popularly known as juçara. The aim of this study was to develop and validate an analytical method using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of juçara crude extracts (JCEs) and to evaluate dairy products containing free and microencapsulated extracts. The validated analytical method for JCE was performed using cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside (C3R - isolated and identified as major component from JCE) as a reference: linearity was obtained using ten concentrations between 25 and 250 μg mL -1 (R 2  = 0.994); limits of detection and quantification were 19.04 μg mL -1 and 57.7 μg mL -1 respectively; accuracy (relative standard deviation) was <5%; recovery was 104.85 μg mL -1 ; and the method is robust. Physicochemical analyses of the dairy products were evaluated using colour, pH, and concentration of anthocyanins using HPLC calculated as C3R over 21 days of storage. The pH remained stable until the end of the test. The colour and the concentration of anthocyanins remained stable for 9 days. C3R was isolated, the HPLC method was developed and validated, and the colour stability was not altered until 9 days. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry., (© 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.)

Background: Tick control is a worldwide challenge due to its resistance to acaricides. Essential oils (EOs) and isolated compounds (EOCs) are potential alternatives for tick control technologies., Methods: A review with EOs and EOCs, under field and semi-field conditions, was performed based on Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed databases. Thirty-one studies published between 1991 and 2022 were selected. The search was performed using the following keywords: "essential oil" combined with "tick," "Ixodes," "Argas," "Rhipicephalus," "Amblyomma," "Hyalomma," "Dermacentor," "Haemaphysalis" and "Ornithodoros." The words "essential oil" and "tick" were searched in the singular and plural., Results: The number of studies increased over the years. Brazil stands out with the largest number (51.6%) of publications. The most studied tick species were Rhipicephalus microplus (48.4%), Ixodes scapularis (19.4%), Amblyomma americanum and R. sanguineus sensu lato (9.7% each). Cattle (70%) and dogs (13%) were the main target animal species. Regarding the application of EOs/EOCs formulations, 74% of the studies were conducted with topical application (spray, pour-on, foam, drop) and 26% with environmental treatment (spray). Efficacy results are difficult to evaluate because of the lack of information on the methodology and standardization. The nanotechnology and combination with synthetic acaricides were reported as an alternative to enhance the efficacy of EOs/EOCs. No adverse reactions were observed in 86.6% of the studies evaluating EOs/EOCs clinical safety. Studies regarding toxicity in non-target species and residues are scarce., Conclusions: This article provides a comprehensive review on the use of EOs and EOCs to reduce tick infestations, in both the hosts and the environment. As future directions, we recommend the chemical characterization of EOs, methodology standardization, combination of EOs/EOCs with potential synergists, nanotechnology for new formulations and safety studies for target and non-target organisms, also considering the environmental friendliness., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

A series of our previous studies demonstrated that fish oil (FO), equivalent to 300mg/kg docosahexahenoic acid (DHA), facilitates memory recovery after transient, global cerebral ischemia (TGCI) in the aversive radial maze (AvRM). The present study sought to address two main issues: (i) whether the memory-protective effect of FO that has been observed in the AvRM can be replicated in the passive avoidance test (PAT) and object location test (OLT) and (ii) whether FO at doses that are lower than those used previously can also prevent TGCI-induced memory loss. In Experiment 1, naive rats were trained in the PAT, subjected to TGCI (4-vessel occlusion model), and tested for retrograde memory performance 8 and 15days after ischemia. Fish oil (300mg/kg/day DHA) was given orally for 8days. The first dose was delivered 4h postischemia. In Experiment 2, the rats were subjected to TGCI, treated with the same FO regimen, and then trained and tested in the OLT. In Experiment 3, the rats were trained in the AvRM, subjected to TGCI, administered FO (100, 200, and 300mg/kg DHA), and tested for memory performance up to 3weeks after TGCI. At the end of the behavioral tests, the brains were examined for neurodegeneration and neuroblast proliferation. All of the behavioral tests (PAT, OLT, and AvRM) were sensitive to ischemia, but only the AvRM was able to detect the memory-protective effect of FO. Ischemia-induced neurodegeneration and neuroblast proliferation were unaffected by FO treatment. These results suggest that (i) the beneficial effect of FO on memory recovery after TGCI is task-dependent, (ii) doses of FO<300mg/kg DHA can protect memory function in the radial maze, and (iii) cognitive recovery occurs in the absence of neuronal rescue and/or hippocampal neurogenesis., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)