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Change in the performance of clones grown in different environments is an important question for Coffea canephora breeding. The aim of this study was to evaluate environmental stratification and the performance of C. canephora clones grown in the Western Amazon. For that purpose, the mean yield of three crop seasons was considered to evaluate the performance of 20 genotypes grown in 6 clonal competition trials in the environments of: E1: Ouro Preto do Oeste-RO, E2: Porto Velho-RO, E3: Ariquemes-RO, E4 and E5: Rio Branco-AC and E6: Alta Floresta do Oeste-RO. The trials were conducted with a plant spacing of 3 m × 1.5 m in a complete block experimental design, with three replications of eight plants per plot. Combined analysis indicated significance of the genotype × environment (G×E) interaction and favorable conditions to obtain gains from selection. Reduction in the dimensionality estimated from climate and soil characteristics indicated that the environments of Porto Velho-RO, Rio Branco-AC and Ariquemes-RO are more similar to each other than the environments of Ouro Preto do Oeste-RO and Alta Floresta-RO of greater natural soil fertility and higher altitude. The AMMI1 biplot shows that genotypes 16, 10, and 13 had the highest mean yields, together with greater stability. In the AMMI2 scatterplot (IPCA1×IPCA2), the environments E4 and E5 were clustered in the same sector. Clustering based on the complex fraction of the G×E interaction coincided with the AMMI2 scatterplot that clustered the E4 and E5 environments in a single mega-environment. Except for these environments, all the others clustered as locations of different biotic and abiotic stress conditions. This result shows the importance of maintaining evaluations in these environments, which represent the conditions of the coffee fields in the region. Made available in DSpace on 2021-11-17T02:11:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 cpafro-18615.pdf: 858649 bytes, checksum: a21cd737b651db39d6f945bc2ebc87f5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

Introduction:The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic in Brazil was modified with access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and prevention actions, reducing morbidity and mortality in people living with HIV / AIDS (PLHA). The promotion of safe sex practices is an effective method of controlling HIV transmission and superinfection. Objective: To evaluate the use of condoms in sexual practices in PLWHA. Objective: To evaluate the use of condoms in sexual practices in PLWHA. Methodology: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach developed in the city of Recife, Brazil, in 2016, with 184 users of a Specialized Assistance Service (SAE). The study obeyed Resolution No. 466/2012 of the National Health Council, approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Hospital Complex of the University of Pernambuco under CAEE: 17510113.8.0000.5192. Results / Discussion: There was a predominance of males (58.2%, n = 107). The age range ranged from 18 to 70 years, with a prevalence of 40 to 60 years expressed by 53.3% (n = 98) of the participants. The low level of schooling represented by the incomplete elementary school (44%, n = 81) and the unmarried (45.9%, n = 84) had a predominance of marital status. Regarding the knowledge about the path of HIV infection, 70.1% (n = 129) reported knowing the route by which they contracted HIV, with sexual intercourse being the most prevalent (95.3% – n = 123) . Regarding the use of condoms in sexual intercourse, an irregular use was observed for 17.4% (n = 32) of the interviewees. It is noteworthy that 17.9% (n = 33) stated that they did not maintain active sexual practice after diagnosis. In this sense, it is imperative to reinforce that unprotected sexual activity is a preponderant factor for the maintenance of the HIV transmission chain. Conclusion: The nurse stands out in the elaboration of strategies that allow the patient’s understanding of the importance of maintaining an active sexual practice with safety, contributing to the control of the HIV epidemic.

International audience; Background: Chagas disease, caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, is endemic in Latin America and affects 10 million people worldwide. Approximately 12000 deaths attributable to Chagas disease occur annually due to chronic Chagas disease cardiomyopathy (CCC), an inflammatory cardiomyopathy presenting with heart failure and arrythmia; 30% of infected subjects develop CCC years after infection. Genetic mechanisms play a role in differential progression to CCC, but little is known about the role of epigenetic modifications in pathological gene expression patterns in CCC patients’ myocardium. DNA methylation is the most common modification in the mammalian genome.Methods: We investigated the impact of genome-wide cardiac DNA methylation on global gene expression in myocardial samples from end-stage CCC patients, compared to control samples from organ donors.Results: In total, 4720 genes were differentially methylated between CCC patients and controls, of which 399 were also differentially expressed. Several of them were related to heart function or to the immune response and had methylation sites in their promoter region. Reporter gene and in silico transcription factor binding analyses indicated promoter methylation modified expression of key genes. Among those, we found potassium channel genes KCNA4 and KCNIP4, involved in electrical conduction and arrythmia, SMOC2, involved in matrix remodeling, as well as enkephalin and RUNX3, potentially involved in the increased T-helper 1 cytokine-mediated inflammatory damage in heart.Conclusions: Results support that DNA methylation plays a role in the regulation of expression of pathogenically relevant genes in CCC myocardium, and identify novel potential disease pathways and therapeutic targets in CCC.

Obtained g and Sii values were associated to theoretical concepts of the respective parameters in a complete diallel with 28 parents and the simulation of five hypothetic variables with five different d/a relations (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0). These were controlled by a single gene with two alleles whose parents were represented by different frequencies of the favorable allele (1/28, 2/28,....,28/28). The conclusion was drawn that the existence of dominance deviations in the loci regulating the trait influences the GCA estimates considerably and that there is a high correlation (0.96) between the absolute Sii and the respective values. The joint evaluation of g1 and Sii estimates provides information on the genetic quality of the populations of the diallel.

The efficiency of circulant and complete diallels was compared regarding the estimation of the general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining ability. Maize population ear yield data from a 28 x 28 diallel were used. The circulan: diallels were formed by resampling data from the complete diallel. Each circulant diallel was represented by s crosses per parent, and s by an odd number between 3 and 25. Athousand circulant diallels were generatedfor each s value. Estimators for genetic parameters were defined to study the diallels' efficiency. GCA and SCA estimates from the circulant diallels were close to those from the complete diallel, except for a few of lhe parents (s=3). Best results in terms of selecting parents and hybrid combinations were obtained with s=19. The jeasibility of using circulant diallels depends on the genetic background of the populations as well as on lhe goals of lhe breeding program. Comparou-se a eficiência dos dialelos circulante e completo para estimar as capacidades geral (CGC) e específica (CEC) de combinação. Foram utilizados dados de produção de espigas de um dialelo completo de 28 populações de milho. Os dialelos circulantes foram obtidos por reamostragem do dialelo completo, sendo cada um deles representado por s cruzamento ímpares, variando de 3 a 25. Foram gerados 1000 dialelos circulantes para cada valor de s e definidos alguns estimadores. As estimativas de CGC e CEC dos dialelos circulantes foram semelhantes às do dialelo completo, exceto para alguns genitores, para o valor s=3. O dialelo circulante com s=19 permitiu selecionar os melhores genitores e combinações híbridas. Constatou-se que a viabilidade dos dialelos circulantes depende das populações estudadas e do objetivo do programa de melhoramento.