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Background: Lung cancer carries a high burden of systemic symptoms, including in survivors, leading to a reduced quality of life (QoL). We assessed whether a 12-week multicomponent supervised exercise programme, including muscular strength and aerobic training, was beneficial in patients who had undergone surgery for early non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in terms of physical performance, QoL, and metabolic and nutritional analytical parameters. Methods: Physical performance was measured by gait speed, handgrip strength, 30 s sit-to-stand (30s-STS) test repetitions, distance covered in the 6 min walk test (6MWT), and the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) score. QoL was assessed with the EORTC-QLQ-C30 questionnaire. Blood glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, total proteins, albumin, pre-albumin, creatinine, c-reactive protein, insulin-growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and the haemoglobin and hematocrit percentages were measured before and after the intervention in order to observe any beneficial effects related to metabolic markers. Results: After the intervention, the mean scores for the 6MWT (p < 0.001), STS (p < 0.001), 6MWT (p < 0.01), and SPPB (p < 0.01) had significantly improved. However, handgrip strength and nutritional analytical were unchanged. The EORTC-QLQ-C30 functions and symptoms significantly improved after the intervention (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). A significant decrease in cholesterol, triglycerides, and IGF-1 and a significant increase in pre-albumin in blood was also observed post-intervention (p < 0.05). Conclusions: This supervised, community-based 12-week multicomponent was feasible (adherence rate 70.35%) and provided benefits not only to physical performance but also to the quality of life of patients with NSCLC.

Abstract Background The association between cancer and multiple sclerosis has long been investigated. Several studies and reviews have examined the risk of cancer among patients with multiple sclerosis treated with disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) but with conflicting results. This study will aim to investigate the association between DMTs for multiple sclerosis and subsequent cancer risk using research synthesis methods. Methods/design We designed and registered a study protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. We will include randomised and non-randomised trials, prospective or retrospective cohort studies, and case–control studies of treatment with DMTs compared with placebo, no treatment, or another active agent. The primary outcome will be the risk of cancer (all-malignant neoplasms) in association with the exposure of DMTs. Secondary outcomes will include site-specific cancers (e.g. breast cancer). Literature searches will be conducted in multiple electronic databases (from their inception onwards), including the following: PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). Two researchers will screen all citations, full-text articles, and abstract data independently. The risk of bias (quality) of individual studies will be appraised using an appropriate tool. If feasible, we will use a two-stage approach to evidence synthesis: (1) Peto’s method for meta-analysis of data from randomised trials alone; and (2) Random-effects model for meta-analysis adding data from non-randomised studies. We will calculate odds ratios and their associated 95% confidence intervals. Potential sources of heterogeneity will be explored in additional analyses (e.g. subgroups considering different DMTs individually, mechanism of action, type of control, length of follow-up, mode of treatment). Discussion This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised and non-randomised studies will provide an updated synthesis of the risk of cancer associated with DMTs for adult patients with multiple sclerosis. This study will also examine some factors that may explain potential variations across studies. The findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. Systematic review registration Open Science Framework ( https://osf.io/v4sez ).

A practical activity designed to introduce wavefront coding techniques as a method to extend the depth of field in optical systems is presented. The activity is suitable for advanced undergraduate students since it combines different topics in optical engineering such as optical system design, aberration theory, Fourier optics, and digital image processing. This paper provides the theoretical background and technical information for performing the experiment. The proposed activity requires students able to develop a wide range of skills since they are expected to deal with optical components, including spatial light modulators, and develop scripts to perform some calculations. (Contains 5 footnotes, 5 tables, and 13 figures.)

Background: In recent decades, we have observed an increase in ambient temperature due to the effects of climate change. Objective: In this study, we aimed to determine whether there is a correlation between environmental temperature and urgent consultations of pediatric patients related to febrile processes. Research design and method: We conducted an observational, retrospective, single-center study in the pediatric ED of the Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain. We analyzed visits to the ED for febrile processes during the last heat waves in Madrid. Results: Between 2018 and 2022, seven heat waves were recorded in Madrid. A total of 3967 patients with fever as the main reason for consultation attended during this period. In two of the seven heat waves analyzed, febrile-related visits were higher during the heat alert. The first occurred between 6/11/2022 and 6/16/2022, with 345 febrile-related ED visits, 25.4% more than the previous days and 19.7% more than the following days. During this heat wave, we observed a positive correlation between the maximum temperature recorded and the number of visits to the ED for febrile processes (Rs=0.552; p = 0.018). During the heat wave between 09/07/2022 and 17/07/2022, 362 febrile-related ED visits were 3.1% more than the previous days and 24.9% more than the following days. Conclusion: During recent heat waves in our city, we registered an increase in febrile-related visits compared with non-heat alert periods.

Background: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can perform tasks of key relevance in fat cells, contributing, when defective, to the burden of obesity and its sequelae. Here, scrutiny of adipose tissue transcriptomes before and after bariatric surgery (GSE53378) granted identification of 496 lncRNAs linked to the obese phenotype. Only expression of linc-GALNTL6-4 displayed an average recovery over 2-fold and FDR-adjusted p-value

Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is characterised by the presence of distributed pain in different areas of the body accompanied by the alteration of some functions such as the activity of the neurovegetative system, the sleep quality, or the presence of fatigue. The present narrative review aims to evaluate some key studies regarding the effects of different therapeutic exercise (TE) modalities on clinical variables of interest in patients with FMS, as well as to discuss some of the possible mechanisms of action of TE in improving pain intensity in patients with FMS. All aerobic, strengthening, and body-mind exercises were shown to bring about changes in the improvement of clinical variables of interest in patients with FMS. In addition, with regard to the improvement of pain intensity, there are different arguments that could explain the hypoalgesic effect of TE (structured in physical, neurophysiological, and psychosocial mechanisms). In conclusion, TE is a clinical tool with great potential for patients with FMS as it may produce hypoalgesia through physical, neurophysiological, and psychosocial mechanisms. All these TE modalities have demonstrated in isolation a remarkable effectiveness in the overall improvement of patients with FMS. However, more research is needed in this field especially on the long-term effects and on the combination of the different training modalities.

Fifth-generation mobile networks (5G) are designed to support enhanced Mobile Broadband, Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communications, and massive Machine-Type Communications. To meet these diverse needs, 5G uses technologies like network softwarization, network slicing, and artificial intelligence. Multi-connectivity is crucial for boosting mobile device performance by using different Wireless Access Technologies (WATs) simultaneously, enhancing throughput, reducing latency, and improving reliability. This paper presents a multi-connectivity testbed from the 5G-CLARITY project for performance evaluation. MultiPath TCP (MPTCP) was employed to enable mobile devices to send data through various WATs simultaneously. A new MPTCP scheduler was developed, allowing operators to better control traffic distribution across different technologies and maximize aggregated throughput. Our proposal mitigates the impact of limitations on one path affecting others, avoiding the Head-of-Line blocking problem. Performance was tested with real equipment using 5GNR, Wi-Fi, and LiFi —complementary WATs in the 5G-CLARITY project—in both static and dynamic scenarios. The results demonstrate that the proposed scheduler can manage the traffic distribution across different WATs and achieve the combined capacities of these technologies, approximately 1.4 Gbps in our tests, outperforming the other MPTCP schedulers. Recovery times after interruptions, such as coverage loss in one technology, were also measured, with values ranging from 400 to 500 ms.

Undiagnosed monogenic diseases represent a challenging group of human conditions highly suspicious to have a genetic origin, but without conclusive evidences about it. We identified two brothers born prematurely from a non-consanguineous healthy couple, with a neonatal-onset, chronic disease characterized by severe skin and bone inflammatory manifestations and a fatal outcome in infancy. We conducted DNA and mRNA analyses in the patients’ healthy relatives to identify the genetic cause of the patients’ disease. DNA analyses were performed by both Sanger and next-generation sequencing, which identified two novel heterozygous IL1RN variants: the intronic c.318 + 2T>G variant in the father and a ≈2,600-bp intragenic deletion in the mother. IL1RN mRNA production was markedly decreased in both progenitors when compared with healthy subjects. The mRNA sequencing performed in each parent identified two novel, truncated IL1RN transcripts. Additional experiments revealed a perfect intrafamilial phenotype–genotype segregation following an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. The evidences shown here supported for the presence of two novel loss-of-function (LoF) IL1RN pathogenic variants in the analyzed family. Biallelic LoF variants at the IL1RN gene cause the deficiency of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (DIRA), a monogenic autoinflammatory disease with marked similarities with the patients described here. Despite the non-availability of the patients’ samples representing the main limitation of this study, the collected evidences strongly suggest that the patients described here suffered from a lethal form of DIRA likely due to a compound heterozygous genotype at IL1RN, thus providing a reliable genetic diagnosis based on the integration of old medical information with currently obtained genetic data.

Abstract The use of technology within sports services has become an important field of study. Currently, the vast majority of sports services offer their users mobile applications to facilitate aspects such as communication and information. Within fitness centres, these mobile applications have become key elements to keep users informed and to reinforce behaviours such as loyalty towards the service. This study analyses the influence of mobile applications used in fitness centres on users’ recommendations of the app. Two methodologies were used to measure users’ perceptions: linear models and qualitative comparative analysis. The main results show that certain dimensions of the Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS) have a strong influence on users’ future app recommendations as well as the influence of users’ gender and age. It is important for managers of these sports services to implement technologies that provide two-way communication with users and therefore facilitate positive app recommendations. Furthermore, analysing the data using these two methodologies offers researchers a more detailed examination to better understand customers’ perceptions and, consequently, to establish more precise actions within the service.

Motor imagery (MI) and action observation (AO) techniques are two movement representation strategies that are widely used in multiple fields of study. MI is defined as the cognitive skill that involves the representation of an action, internally, without actual motor execution. AO training evokes internally, and in real time, a simulation of the actual motor gestures that the observer is visually perceiving. Both cognitive processes cause an activation of the brain areas related to the planning, adjustment, and automation of voluntary movement in a similar way as when the action is carried out in a real way. Movement representation strategies have shown that they can be a very useful complement to physical practice to improve some particularly relevant aspects in neurological and musculoskeletal patients. In this narrative review, we discuss the effect that the implementation of these motion representation strategies might have on patients with cardiovascular disease. At the cardiovascular level, MI and AO training should be considered as interventional tools for the management of these patients. With these clinical tools, we could try to improve the generation of cardiopulmonary adaptations, improve exercise tolerability, and also increase functionality. However, more research is needed in this field where these clinical tools are combined with cardiac rehabilitation programs to see if the clinical effect is greater than cardiac rehabilitation programs in isolation.

Objective: To investigate the gender of the authors who publish articles of health economic evaluations in medicine and healthcare journals. Method: We evaluated a random sample of economic evaluations indexed in MEDLINE during 2019. Gender of the first, last and corresponding author was determined by review of the author's first name. Data were summarized as frequency and percentage for categorical items and median and interquartile range (IQR) for continuous items. We also calculated the index of authors per paper. Results: We included 200 studies with 1365 authors (median of 6 authors per paper; IQR: 4-9). Gender identification was possible for all authors in the study sample: 802 (59%) were men and 563 (41%) were women. The number of female first, last, and corresponding authors respectively were 78 (39%), 68 (34%), and 80 (40%) for health economic evaluations. Discussion: Female scientists were underrepresented as co-authors and in prominent authorship positions in health economic evaluations. This study serves as a call to action for the scientific community to actively work towards equity and inclusion. Resumen: Objetivo: Investigar el género de las personas autoras que publican artículos de evaluaciones económicas de la salud en revistas de medicina y atención sanitaria. Método: Se evaluó una muestra aleatoria de evaluaciones económicas indexadas en MEDLINE durante 2019. El género de las personas autoras como primera, última y autoría de correspondencia se determinó mediante la revisión del nombre de la persona firmante. Los datos se resumieron como frecuencia y porcentaje para las variables categóricas, y como mediana y rango intercuartílico (RIC) para las variables continuas. También se calculó el índice de autores por artículo. Resultados: Se incluyeron 200 estudios con 1365 autores (mediana de 6 autores por artículo; RIC: 4-9). La identificación del sexo fue posible para toda la muestra: 802 (59%) eran hombres y 563 (41%) eran mujeres. Los números de científicas con una posición como primera, última y autora de correspondencia fueron 78 (39%), 68 (34%) y 80 (40%), respectivamente, para las evaluaciones económicas. Discusión: Las científicas estuvieron infrarrepresentadas como coautoras y en puestos de autoría destacados en las evaluaciones económicas. Este estudio sirve como una llamada a la acción para que la comunidad científica trabaje activamente por la equidad y la inclusión.

Purpose Despite the lack of consensus regarding which life satisfaction domains should be included in the study of children’s subjective well-being (SWB), some domains are frequently considered, such as satisfaction with health. However, some others, such as satisfaction with food, are barely taken into account, despite the impact eating habits have on children’s health and well-being. We adopt a qualitative approach to explore the role food plays in children’s SWB, providing for a more in-depth analysis of children’s perceptions and evaluations on a still insufficiently known domain of life satisfaction. Method Sixteen discussion groups were held with 112 Spanish students (10–12 years old) from six schools. The transcripts were analy sed and themes reflecting the key concepts were defined using reflexive thematic analysis. Results Five themes emerged from the children’s discourses on the relationship between food and SWB: health, pleasure, emotions, commensality—i.e., eating together—and food-empowerment—thus offering new insights from children’s perspectives. Conclusion Almost all of the participants established a relationship between their SWB and their eating behaviour, meaning that, within the challenges facing public health, SWB must be taken into account when promoting healthy eating programmes for children. Also, group discussion is found to be a very powerful tool for exploring topics with subjective connotations among child populations.

En este artículo se aborda la intervención social y educativa con jóvenes migrantes no acompañados/as desarrollada en el circuito de protección de menores de Cataluña. A partir de una metodología participativa con profesionales, adolescentes y jóvenes se elaboró un diagnóstico de la situación actual del circuito de protección. Partiendo de los datos recolectados, se realizó un análisis cualitativo de contenido que resultó en la identificación de diferentes dimensiones del acompañamiento realizado: individual, familiar y comunitario. Desde la reflexión teórica, apuntamos a elementos centrales que deben estar presentes en la intervención: la construcción de vínculos, la promoción del empoderamiento de los/las jóvenes y la inclusión en la comunidad de acogida, destacando dificultades y buenas prácticas del sistema actual. Para concluir se plantean reflexiones que pueden ser útiles para la elaboración de un modelo de intervención capaz de dar una respuesta integral a las necesidades y aspiraciones del colectivo.

Abstract Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is a severe genetic neuromuscular disorder that occurs in childhood and is caused by misexpression of the survival motor neuron (SMN) protein. SMN reduction induces spinal cord motoneuron (MN) degeneration, which leads to progressive muscular atrophy and weakness. The link between SMN deficiency and the molecular mechanisms altered in SMA cells remains unclear. Autophagy, deregulation of intracellular survival pathways and ERK hyperphosphorylation may contribute to SMN-reduced MNs collapse, offering a useful strategy to develop new therapies to prevent neurodegeneration in SMA. Using SMA MN in vitro models, the effect of pharmacological inhibition of PI3K/Akt and ERK MAPK pathways on SMN and autophagy markers modulation was studied by western blot analysis and RT-qPCR. Experiments involved primary cultures of mouse SMA spinal cord MNs and differentiated SMA human MNs derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Inhibition of the PI3K/Akt and the ERK MAPK pathways reduced SMN protein and mRNA levels. Importantly, mTOR phosphorylation, p62, and LC3-II autophagy markers protein level were decreased after ERK MAPK pharmacological inhibition. Furthermore, the intracellular calcium chelator BAPTA prevented ERK hyperphosphorylation in SMA cells. Our results propose a link between intracellular calcium, signaling pathways, and autophagy in SMA MNs, suggesting that ERK hyperphosphorylation may contribute to autophagy deregulation in SMN-reduced MNs.

IntroductionIn recent years, pain neuroscience education (PNE) has been the focus of extensive research in the scientific literature in the field of physical therapy, but the results obtained are controversial and its clinical application remains unclear. The main aim of this umbrella review was to assess the effectiveness of PNE in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP).MethodsWe searched systematically in PubMed (Medline), PEDro, EMBASE, CINAHL and PsycINFO. Methodological quality was analyzed using AMSTAR-2 scale and overlapping analysis using GROOVE tool.Results16 systematic reviews were included. A qualitative synthesis was performed for the following sets of patients with CMP: overall CMP, chronic spinal pain, patients with fibromyalgia and patients with osteoarthritis. In general terms, it seems that the addition of the PNE-based intervention to other treatments, mostly exercise-based interventions although we might refer to it in terms of a multimodal approach, leads to greater clinical improvements than the multimodal approach alone. We have found this especially in the reduction of the influence of psychosocial variables. However, it seems that studies testing the effectiveness of PNE in isolation, systematic reviews with or without meta-analysis did not show statistically significant improvements overall in terms of pain intensity, disability levels or psychosocial variables.DiscussionThere is a great heterogeneity in the results obtained and the PNE protocols used, a critically low quality in the reviews included and a very high overlap, so there is a need to improve the studies in this field before clinical application.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO (CRD42022355634).

Los conglomerados de la Fm Montsant han sido estudiados ampliamente desde el punto de vista estratigráfico, estructural y sedimentológico con resultados variables. Hemos estudiado un cuerpo conglomerático que no había sido descrito con detalle anteriormente. El objetivo de este trabajo es el de indicar la génesis y significado deposicional de ese litosoma conglomerático que muestra una estratificación cruzada (foresets) que se extiende continuadamente desde la base al techo del litosoma y es continua por decenas de metros. Esto se habría generado mediante el desarrollo de un lóbulo deltaico de grano grueso en un contexto de progradación episódica de grandes abanicos aluviales. Entre los cuerpos de gravas transportados hidráulicamente y con cauces importantes, pudieron existir pequeñas depresiones donde quedaron retenidas temporalmente las aguas de desbordamiento y favorecieron la acumulación de fangos. En ese contexto se desarrollaría algún lóbulo deltaico de pequeña extensión. Los niveles conglomeráticos subhorizontales y de orden menor situados en la parte más alta del litosoma (topsets), indican el nivel máximo del lago temporal. Este corresponde actualmente al techo de las lutitas. La progradación de este lóbulo deltaico y de los grandes abanicos aluviales se desarrolló durante el Oligoceno.

Algunos cuerpos conglomeráticos de la Fm. Montsant presentan en su base unas estructuras cilíndricas y ortogonales a los planos de estratificación. Después de la sedimentación de un litosoma conglomerático, se habría producido la acumulación de un tramo predominantemente lutítico en el que produciría una bioturbación vertical, localmente muy intensa. Esa bioturbación que tiene una distribución aparentemente no jerarquizada sugiere que pudo haberse originado por el crecimiento de una vegetación herbácea. De forma dispersa, aparecen unas estructuras columnares resaltadas por su relleno conglomerático. Estas podrían corresponder a los moldes de los troncos de unos antiguos árboles, que habrían desaparecido por una inundación súbita causada por aguas muy cargadas con sedimentos fangosos. El carácter predominantemente lutítico (illítico) de esos materiales pudo favorecer la generación de algunos moldes de troncos de árboles. Posteriormente a la desaparición de los materiales leñosos, esos moldes cilíndricos pudieron quedar huecos, facilitando así su relleno por las gravas de clastos redondeados transportadas por flujos acuosos. Éstos serían responsables de la generación de los litosomas conglomeráticos correspondientes a la progradación de los grandes abanicos aluviales que se desarrollaron en esa zona durante el Oligoceno. El objetivo de este trabajo es el de intentar dilucidar la génesis de esas estructuras conglomeráticas columnares y su significado sedimentario.

This study aims to analyse the determinants of sport science students’ entrepreneurial intentions considering the cultural effect on these relationships. The sample comprises 764 final-year sport science students from five European countries: Lithuania, Spain, Ukraine, Serbia, and Croatia. A validated structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. The results showed significant direct effects between attitude towards behaviour and perceived behavioural control in sport science students’ entrepreneurial intentions in all countries. Entrepreneurial skills presented an indirect impact (through attitude and perceived behavioural control) on all countries’ entrepreneurial intentions. However, the importance of each of these variables in explaining entrepreneurial intentions varied according to the students’ national culture. This study presents a series of educational policy implications to improve sports science students’ employability by developing their entrepreneurial spirit.

Intent driven networking holds the promise of simplifying network operations by allowing operators to use declarative, instead of imperative, interfaces. Adoption of this technology for 5G and beyond networks is however still in its infancy, where the required architectures, platforms, interfaces and algorithms are still being discussed. In this work, we present the design and implementation of a novel intent based platform for private 5G networks powered by a Natural Language Processing (NLP) interface. We demonstrate how our platform simplifies network operations in three relevant private network use cases, including: i) an intent based slice provisioning use case, ii) an intent based positioning use case, and iii) an intent based service deployment use case. Finally, all use cases are benchmarked in terms of intent provisioning time.

Abstract Objectives Peripheral neuropathy is a relevant dose‐limiting adverse event that can affect up to 90% of oncologic patients with colorectal cancer receiving oxaliplatin treatment. The severity of neurotoxicity often leads to dose reduction or even premature cessation of chemotherapy. Unfortunately, the limited knowledge about the molecular mechanisms related to oxaliplatin neurotoxicity leads to a lack of effective treatments to prevent the development of this clinical condition. In this context, the present work aimed to determine the exact molecular mechanisms involved in the development of oxaliplatin neurotoxicity in a murine model to try to find new therapeutical targets. Methods By single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq), we studied the transcriptomic profile of sensory neurons and satellite glial cells (SGC) of the Dorsal Root Ganglia (DRG) from a well‐characterized mouse model of oxaliplatin neurotoxicity. Results Analysis of scRNA‐seq data pointed to modulation of inflammatory processes in response to oxaliplatin treatment. In this line, we observed increased levels of NF‐kB p65 protein, pro‐inflammatory cytokines, and immune cell infiltration in DRGs and peripheral nerves of oxaliplatin‐treated mice, which was accompanied by mechanical allodynia and decrease in sensory nerve amplitudes. Interpretation Our data show that, in addition to the well‐described DNA damage, oxaliplatin neurotoxicity is related to an exacerbated pro‐inflammatory response in DRG and peripheral nerves, and open new insights in the development of anti‐inflammatory strategies as a treatment for preventing peripheral neuropathy induced by oxaliplatin.

Circulating lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) is increased in individuals with liver steatosis. We aimed to evaluate the possible impact of liver LBP downregulation using lipid nanoparticle-containing chemically modified LBP small interfering RNA (siRNA) (LNP-Lbp UNA-siRNA) on the development of fatty liver. Weekly LNP-Lbp UNA-siRNA was administered to mice fed a standard chow diet, a high-fat and high-sucrose diet, and a methionine- and choline-deficient diet (MCD). In mice fed a high-fat and high-sucrose diet, which displayed induced liver lipogenesis, LBP downregulation led to reduced liver lipid accumulation, lipogenesis (mainly stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 [Scd1]) and lipid peroxidation-associated oxidative stress markers. LNP-Lbp UNA-siRNA also resulted in significantly decreased blood glucose levels during an insulin tolerance test. In mice fed a standard chow diet or an MCD, in which liver lipogenesis was not induced or was inhibited (especially Scd1 mRNA), liver LBP downregulation did not impact on liver steatosis. The link between hepatocyte LBP and lipogenesis was further confirmed in palmitate-treated Hepa1-6 cells, in primary human hepatocytes, and in subjects with morbid obesity. Altogether, these data indicate that siRNA against liver Lbp mRNA constitutes a potential target therapy for obesity-associated fatty liver through the modulation of hepatic Scd1.

Abstract The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between frequency and intensity of strength training participation and work ability among physical therapists (PTs). The Work Ability Index questionnaire (WAI) and a questionnaire about participation in strength training during leisure time were administered to a sample of Spanish PTs. In addition, participants provided information on gender, age, body mass index, education, substance use, working experience and working hours per week. The odds for having excellent WAI (score 44–49) as a function of intensity or frequency of strength training participation were determined using binary logistic regression controlled for various confounders. Data from 981 PTs were analysed. High-intensity strength training (> 80% 1 RM) showed strong associations with excellent WAI (odds ratio = 9.7; 95% confidence interval, 2.9–31.6). In addition, performing strength training more than 3 times per week was associated with excellent WAI (odds ratio = 1.79; 95% confidence interval, 1.24–2.59), however, no significant associations were found with lower levels of frequency and intensities. High-intensity strength training 3 times per week is associated with excellent WAI among PTs. Training programs meeting these features may importantly contribute to maintain or improve WAI.

En la comunidad y parroquia rural de Canelos, del cantón Pastaza, en la provincia del mismo nombre, en Ecuador, se celebra el Kamari ista (fiesta del banquete o de la abundancia) más grande de toda la Amazonía kichwahablante. A partir de una solicitud de la misma comunidad para que el Kamari fuera registrado y certificado como patrimonio nacional, entre 2013 y 2022 se realizó trabajo etnográfico de forma participativa para elaborar el documento base para dicha meta. En este proceso se hizo evidente que, más allá de ciertos trabajos etnográficos de hace varias décadas, actualmente se conoce poco de dicha fiesta o ritual, de su función y significado. Partiendo del trabajo realizado en el marco de la certificación patrimonial, el objetivo de este artículo es analizar desde una perspectiva antropológica el Kamari de Canelos: su proceso complejo de preparación y desarrollo, su origen intercultural y especialmente su función social y significado cultural.

IntroductionOsteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint condition and one of the greatest causes of disability worldwide. The role of serum lipid and inflammatory biomarkers in the origin and development of the disease is not clear, although it could have important implications for diagnosis and treatment. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate differences of serum lipid and inflammatory biomarkers with knee EOA in comparison with matched controls, in order to determine the role of these factors in the origin of EOA.MethodsFor this proposal, a cross-sectional study with a non-randomized sample was performed. 48 subjects with early osteoarthritis (EOA) and 48 matched controls were selected and serum lipid levels (total cholesterol, LDL, HDL) and inflammatory biomarkers C-reactive protein (CRP), uric acid (UA) were analyzed. In addition, clinical (pain, disability) and functional (gait speed, sit-to-stand) variables were measured to establish their relationship to serum lipid levels and inflammatory biomarkers.ResultsPatients with EOA showed higher levels of total cholesterol LDL, UA, and CRP. Higher levels of total cholesterol, LDL and CRP were correlated with higher levels of pain intensity and higher disability (p < 0.05). In addition, UA and CRP were inversely correlated with gait speed and sit-to-stand tests (r = −0.038 to −0.5, p < 0.05).ConclusionThese results highlight the relevance of metabolic and proinflammatory aspects in the early stages of knee OA and could be key to developing early diagnoses to prevent the onset and development of the disease.

Summary: Background: The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted gaps in health surveillance systems, disease prevention, and treatment globally. Among the many factors that might have led to these gaps is the issue of the financing of national health systems, especially in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), as well as a robust global system for pandemic preparedness. We aimed to provide a comparative assessment of global health spending at the onset of the pandemic; characterise the amount of development assistance for pandemic preparedness and response disbursed in the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic; and examine expectations for future health spending and put into context the expected need for investment in pandemic preparedness. Methods: In this analysis of global health spending between 1990 and 2021, and prediction from 2021 to 2026, we estimated four sources of health spending: development assistance for health (DAH), government spending, out-of-pocket spending, and prepaid private spending across 204 countries and territories. We used the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)'s Creditor Reporting System (CRS) and the WHO Global Health Expenditure Database (GHED) to estimate spending. We estimated development assistance for general health, COVID-19 response, and pandemic preparedness and response using a keyword search. Health spending estimates were combined with estimates of resources needed for pandemic prevention and preparedness to analyse future health spending patterns, relative to need. Findings: In 2019, at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, US$9·2 trillion (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 9·1–9·3) was spent on health worldwide. We found great disparities in the amount of resources devoted to health, with high-income countries spending $7·3 trillion (95% UI 7·2–7·4) in 2019; 293·7 times the $24·8 billion (95% UI 24·3–25·3) spent by low-income countries in 2019. That same year, $43·1 billion in development assistance was provided to maintain or improve health. The pandemic led to an unprecedented increase in development assistance targeted towards health; in 2020 and 2021, $1·8 billion in DAH contributions was provided towards pandemic preparedness in LMICs, and $37·8 billion was provided for the health-related COVID-19 response. Although the support for pandemic preparedness is 12·2% of the recommended target by the High-Level Independent Panel (HLIP), the support provided for the health-related COVID-19 response is 252·2% of the recommended target. Additionally, projected spending estimates suggest that between 2022 and 2026, governments in 17 (95% UI 11–21) of the 137 LMICs will observe an increase in national government health spending equivalent to an addition of 1% of GDP, as recommended by the HLIP. Interpretation: There was an unprecedented scale-up in DAH in 2020 and 2021. We have a unique opportunity at this time to sustain funding for crucial global health functions, including pandemic preparedness. However, historical patterns of underfunding of pandemic preparedness suggest that deliberate effort must be made to ensure funding is maintained. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

Besides educational results, a comprehensive view of childhood should include children’s opinions on their well-being in school. The objective of this study is to determine whether school subjective well-being of children varies according to the school they attend, which would justify identifying related factors (school perceptions, individual affection, and socioeconomic composition). The 3,962 answers of children from Barcelona (Mage = 10.74) in 2017 to the International Survey of Children’s Well-being are analysed. The multilevel analysis shows that classmates play an essential role in school experience: in those schools where more children are very satisfied with their life as students, children have more confidence in receiving support from their classmates if they have a problem and feel less stressed. This has important implications for learning, coexistence, and participation. As the impact of social inequalities on school experience has not been identified, research focused on schools facing situations of social vulnerability is required.

Municipalities must take steps towards an “educational action” that welcomes children into environments that estimulate their involvement and participation in issues that mean something to them. Professionals working directly with children in the municipal sphere must strengthen the development of their active and committed citizenship (SDG no. 4), relating to them as citizens capable of transforming their environment. Children’s participation requires adults who recognise them as interlocutors and establish relationships of trust and mutual respect with them. Municipalities need to create opportunities for children to be included in the co‐production of local projects and to take a leading role in public policies. This article aims to offer elements that can nurture professionals’ readiness and “capacity building” to facilitate children’s participation. These elements are formed in the context of a pedagogical practice (the “coffee meetings”) and emerge through a systematisation of experiences (Aguiar, 2013; Barnechea & Morgan, 2010; Jara, 2012, 2018; Mera, 2019). Coordinated by an inter‐university team, the reflective exchange promoted by the meetings between municipal technical professionals and elected representatives generates knowledge, ideas, and changes in participants’ approaches to children’s participation in municipalities’ decision‐making processes; content analysis, development, and evaluation of the meetings by participants provide insight into the value of a learning community established as a tool to innovate child participation, build professional capacity towards this goal, and strengthen the work of local administrations in the field of citizenship.

Lipopolysaccharide binding protein (Lbp) has been recently identified as a relevant component of innate immunity response associated to adiposity. Here, we aimed to investigate the impact of adipose tissue Lbp on weight gain and white adipose tissue (WAT) in male and female mice fed an obesogenic diet. Specific adipose tissue Lbp gene knockdown was achieved through lentiviral particles containing shRNA-Lbp injected through surgery intervention. In males, WAT Lbp mRNA levels increased in parallel to fat accretion, and specific WAT Lbp gene knockdown led to reduced body weight gain, decreased fat accretion-related gene and protein expression, and increased inguinal WAT basal lipase activity, in parallel to lowered plasma free fatty acids, leptin, triglycerides but higher glycerol levels, resulting in slightly improved insulin action in the insulin tolerance test. In both males and females, inguinal WAT Lbp gene knockdown resulted in increased Ucp1 and Ppargc1a mRNA and Ucp1 protein levels, confirming adipose Lbp as a WAT browning repressor. In perigonadal WAT, Lbp gene knockdown also resulted in increased Ucp1 mRNA levels, but only in female mice, in which it was 500-fold increased. These data suggest specific adipose tissue Lbp gene knockdown as a possible therapeutic approach in the prevention of obesity-associated fat accretion.

The International Survey of Children’s Well-Being (ISCWeB) uses a psychometric scale measuring the psychological well-being of children named the Children’s Worlds Psychological Well-Being Scale (CW-PSWBS). The CW-PSWBS has been used in 35 countries involved in the third wave of this international project, which includes a representative sample of West Java. This study aims to analyze the adaptation of the CW-PSWBS for use in Indonesia and validate the adapted Bahasa Indonesian version. A representative sample of 12-year-old students in West Java (N = 7,951; 49% boys; 51% girls) was obtained through cluster random sampling. The adaptation process involved several steps, including translation, a focus group discussion to test the legibility of the translated items, revising the translated items, piloting the revised-translated items, and back-translating. The next step involved testing the fit of the psychometric scale using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). A multi-group CFA was used to test the gender metric and scalar invariance of the scores. The results showed that the CW-PSWBS displays excellent fit and is a robust instrument for measuring psychological well-being in Indonesian children. Metric and scalar invariance were supported, meaning all statistics are comparable between genders, and different answering styles between boys and girls are not suspected.

COVID-19 has had a significant impact on human life, yet very limited studies have investigated the quality of life (QoL) of children and adolescents during the pandemic. This paper aims to present the reports of children and adolescents (N = 1,474; 10–18 years old) on their QoL during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. Data were collected using Google Forms and convenience sampling. The instruments measured the five domains of QoL: material, physical, social, emotional, and productive well-being. The data were analyzed descriptively using mean scores, crosstab, frequency, and ANOVA. The results show that the children and adolescents maintained their level of subjective well-being (SWB) and adapted to adverse situations during the lockdown. Boys and younger children displayed significantly higher mean scores than girls and older children. Children and adolescents reported boredom due to a lack of various physical activities, dissatisfaction with school closures, the things they learned at home, and their contact with friends. This study has implications in terms of providing advice to parents, teachers, children, and adolescents for promoting the QoL of children and adolescents during the pandemic.

This study reviews the presence of the composer Franz Schubert in five poems by Màrius Torres. These texts were written between 1933 and 1938, while Torres consolidated and evolved as a poet. The writer from Lleida performed musical scores with the piano and the Austrian composer, through his Lieder, became a model, something that is evident in the different ways in which transtextuality is present, not only between the songs’ lyrics and Torres’ poems, but also between the musical compositions and these same poems. This study analyzes how, on the one hand, Schubert’s Lieder “Der Erlkönig” and “Der Tod und das Mädchen”, with texts by Johann Wolfgang Goethe and Matthias Claudius respectively, work as a starting point – or hypotext – for three poems by the Catalan poet, “El rei dels verns”, “La Mort i el Jove” and “Paraules de la Mort”, thus converted into hypertexts. On the other hand, Torres’ two poems “Adverbis de Schubert” and “Mai” refer to the Austrian composer from the intertextual relationship with the poem “Jamais” by Alfred de Musset. At the same time Torres mentions Schubert and the Lied “Ständchen” with text by Ludwig Rellstab in “Adverbis de Schubert”, but the Catalan poet hides Schubert’s copresence in “Mai”