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En la actualidad, los programas académicos están en constante desarrollo para adaptarse a las necesidades cambiantes del alumnado y de la sociedad. Esto obliga al profesorado universitario a formarse en metodologías activas y a rediseñar sus asignaturas para motivar la participación del estudiantado. En este contexto, el Aprendizaje-Servicio (ApS) se presenta como una herramienta de actualidad, que favorece el desarrollo y evaluación de competencias e incluye la necesidad de formar al estudiante en valores. Con esta metodología se apuesta por el aprendizaje de los contenidos de las asignaturas, para su posterior aplicación a una necesidad social vinculada con el entorno más próximo al alumnado. En este trabajo, se presenta una propuesta de aplicación de ApS que se ha llevado a cabo a lo largo del año 2023 con alumnado de grado y de máster en la E.T.S. de Edificación de Madrid. La experiencia ha tenido como objetivo acercar al estudiantado a la problemática ocasionada como consecuencia del aumento descontrolado de neumáticos en los vertederos de las grandes ciudades, y la necesidad de buscar soluciones eficientes y sostenibles para su reciclaje y revalorización. De esta manera, se describen las fases, planificación y metodología empleada a lo largo de un curso académico resaltando los aspectos más relevantes. Los resultados muestran cómo la integración del ApS en las asignaturas ha mejorado el grado de satisfacción del alumnado y ha permitido generar ideas y desarrollar productos que pueden servir como motor para impulsar un cambio hacia un sector de la construcción más sostenible. Así, la formación del alumnado en materia de sostenibilidad se ha presentado como un factor clave en el curso, siendo posible la adaptación de esta propuesta en otras asignaturas interesadas en abordar la problemática medioambiental en entornos urbanos.

The annual production of plastic waste worldwide has doubled in just two decades, with approximately 390 million tonnes of plastic waste now being generated. In this context, the construction industry must move towards the development of new, more sustainable materials made under circular economy criteria. In this work, a physico-mechanical characterisation of gypsum composites with the incorporation of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) waste, replacing 2-4-6-8-10% by volume of the original raw material, has been conducted. The results show how the incorporation of these plastic wastes improves the water resistance of the gypsum material without additions, as well as producing a decrease in thermal conductivity and greater resistance to impact. On the other hand, it has been found that, as the percentage of recycled raw material added increases, the mechanical resistance to bending and compression decreases, leading to fracture due to a lack of cohesion between the matrix and the waste. Nevertheless, in all the cases studied, mechanical strengths higher than those established by the EN 13279-2 standard were obtained. Thus, the results confirm the viability of these secondary raw materials to be used in the development of new products for sustainable building, especially in the design of prefabricated panels for false ceilings.

The incorporation of rubber recycled aggregates from end-of-life tyres (ELT) in the manufacturing process of sustainable building materials has gained great interest in recent decades as a result of the large volume of this waste being generated annually. In this work, the objective is to make a contribution towards the circularity of construction products by carrying out a physico-mechanical characterisation of new gypsum composites made with the incorporation of these recycled rubber aggregates. To this end, up to 30% by volume of the original raw material has been substituted, analysing the mechanical resistance to bending and compression. Although lower than those of traditional gypsum material, both properties exceed the limits set at 1 and 2 MPa, respectively, by the current regulations. In addition, water absorption by capillarity significantly decreases, and thermal conductivity is reduced by more than 35% with respect to the reference material. Finally, in order to provide the research with a practical application, a prefabricated plate design has been proposed that incorporates the gypsum materials studied and an agglomerated rubber band that increases the thermal resistance and improves the efficiency of the designed construction system. In this way, this research reflects the potential of these novel building materials and explores new avenues for their application in building construction. © 2024 by the authors.

Desde su constitución en diciembre de 2019, la Oficina de Aprendizaje-Servicio (ApS) de la UPM se ha dedicado a promover y difundir la metodología ApS en el ámbito de las enseñanzas de nuestra universidad. Nuestra misión es trabajar en colaboración con entidades externas a la UPM para abordar las demandas y necesidades sociales, utilizando los conocimientos de nuestros estudiantes y profesores para contribuir a la construcción de una sociedad más justa y equitativa. En línea con los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) y la Agenda 2030, se han impulsado convocatorias de proyectos de impacto social, colaborando estrechamente con otras oficinas con objetivos similares en diferentes universidades. Se han establecido numerosas colaboraciones con Ayuntamientos, Asociaciones, ONG, Fundaciones y centros de enseñanza, enfocadas en mejorar entornos desfavorecidos y apoyar a colectivos vulnerables en nuestro entorno. La positiva acogida de estas iniciativas ha generado un creciente interés por parte de nuestros docentes y estudiantes, reflejado en la participación en las actividades organizadas por la oficina. En cuanto a la difusión, el año pasado publicamos la primera edición del ebook "Experiencias de Aprendizaje-Servicio Universitario". En esta segunda edición, hemos recopilado algunas de las experiencias más destacadas realizadas durante 2023 por el profesorado y los estudiantes de nuestra universidad en el ámbito del AprendizajeServicio. Nuestra intención es continuar ampliando estas publicaciones con futuras ediciones, dando visibilidad a las iniciativas meritorias que se llevan a cabo en nuestra comunidad universitaria. Agradecemos sinceramente a todos los profesores que han contribuido a esta segunda edición con sus experiencias y esperamos que sirva como inspiración y guía para futuros proyectos de Aprendizaje-Servicio en nuestra universidad. ¡Gracias por su compromiso y dedicación!.

Achieving sustainable management and efficient use of natural resources stands out as one of the goals included in the Goals for Sustainable Development in the 2030 Agenda. The construction sector is currently far from presenting an efficient model in terms of treating waste generated by it. Variations in the physical and chemical properties of recycled aggregates coming from construction and demolition waste are one of the main reasons of their limited use in the production of construction materials. This research presents a physicochemical characterization of three different types of recycled aggregates coming from different types of waste: concrete, ceramic and mixed. Physical characterization shows that recycled concrete aggregate has better physical properties compared with mixed recycled aggregate and ceramic recycled aggregate, which makes it more suitable for use in masonry mortars and concrete, due to its higher dry density (2210.33 kg/m3), its lower content of fines (5.17%), its lower friability coefficient (24.60%), and its water absorption coefficient (6.70%). Chemical characterization shows that none of the tested recycled aggregates contains traces of harmful chemical agents that exceed the limits established by the reference regulations. Finally, the statistical analysis shows good homogeneity for these raw materials, obtaining low coefficients of variation and values within the recommended in each of the calculated confidence intervals.

The building sector is facing the challenge of transitioning to a more industrialized construction approach and is thus promoting the development of new materials that enable the production of lighter prefabricated products with enhanced thermal performance. This study conducts the physicochemical and mechanical characterization of a new plaster material intended for application in the building sector. The plaster material developed contains potassium polyacrylate and perlite in its composition and has been reinforced with wood, glass and polypropylene fibers to improve its physical and mechanical properties. The results demonstrate that the combined incorporation of potassium polyacrylate and expanded perlite leads to a decrease in density and thermal conductivity by 10.5% and 47%, respectively, compared to traditional plasters. In addition, the incorporation of reinforcement fibers in the plaster matrix, particularly glass fiber, improves the mechanical strength of the new material. The plaster composite developed for this research offers lightweight characteristics and improves the energy efficiency of the construction systems into which it can be integrated and is designed for use in prefabricated panels and plates especially. This progress represents a step towards more efficient industrialized construction.

La ingeniería de la construcción está en constante evolución, y este libro aborda los avances más recientes proporcionando información sobre nuevas tecnologías, materiales innovadores y métodos de construcción más eficientes y sostenibles, lo cual resulta relevante para profesionales del sector que deseen mantenerse al día. Por su carácter innovador, los trabajos presentados en el libro destacan proyectos y tecnologías que tienen un impacto positivo en la sociedad, desde la reducción de residuos hasta la implementación de energías renovables en la construcción.Además, profundiza en temas como la planificación y gestión de proyectos, el diseño estructural o las tecnologías de construcción sostenible, entre otros, lo cual es valioso para estudiantes, académicos y profesionales del campo.

In March 2020, schools had to move to an online format as a result of the pandemic. Subsequently, they returned to the classroom in a hybrid format until full face-to-face. This paper analyses the perception of management teams regarding the implementation of digital competences during the pandemic by COVID-19. To this end, eight interviews were conducted with management teams from public, subsidized and private schools in the Community of Madrid. Three very marked scenarios were obtained: a first stage of survival and uncertainty for schools without a technological development plan; a second stage of coexistence of face-to-face and digital with a considerable reinforcement of the latter as a result of the experience of the previous stage. And finally, a continuation of digital competences in the face-to-face format. At the same time, many schools were faced with a digital divide among families and a lack of teacher training in digital skills. This was compensated for by the coordinated work of the management teams, a positive attitude and a great adaptability to adapt to this new situation and determine appropriate plans to achieve the learning of their students., En marzo de 2020, los centros educativos tuvieron que irse a un formato online como consecuencia de la pandemia. Posteriormente, se regresó al aula con un formato híbrido hasta la presencialidad total. El presente trabajo analiza la percepción de los equipos directivos en referencia a la implementación de las competencias digitales durante la pandemia por el COVID-19. Para ello, se han realizado ocho entrevistas a equipos directivos de centros públicos, concertados y privados de la Comunidad de Madrid. Se obtuvieron tres escenarios muy marcados, una primera etapa de supervivencia y de incertidumbre para las escuelas sin un plan de desarrollo tecnológico; una segunda etapa de convivencia de lo presencial y lo digital con un refuerzo considerable de este último como resultado de la experiencia de la etapa anterior. Y, finalmente, una continuación de las competencias digitales en el formato presencial. Así mismo, muchos centros se encontraron con una brecha digital de las familias y una escasa formación del profesorado en competencias digitales. Esto se suplió con un trabajo coordinado por parte de los equipos directivos, una actitud positiva y la gran adaptabilidad a esta nueva situación para determinar planes adecuados y conseguir el aprendizaje de sus estudiantes.

The construction and demolition waste can be used as an alternative with a lower environmental impact compared to the use of natural aggregates in the concrete and mortar manufacture. In this work, it has been performed an analysis of lime and cement mortar properties made with ceramic recycled aggregates reinforced with three types of fibers: glass, basalt and carbon. An experimental campaign has been carried out which includes the chemical and physical characterization of the materials and the statistical analysis of the results obtained. It has been proven that the addition of fibers improves the mechanical properties of the material and decreases its retraction, which favors the incorporation of recycled aggregates in the mortars manufacture. Based on the results obtained, it can be stated that carbon fiber is the best performing reinforcing material, as it has been demonstrated in this statistical analysis.

The reuse of construction and demolition waste is a necessary way to achieve greater sustainability in building, introducing the criteria of the so-called circular economy in the design of the production process of new construction materials. This research focuses on analyzing the properties of mortars made with recycled aggregates from concrete waste and reinforced with aramid fibers. For this purpose, an experimental campaign was carried out, including chemical, physical, mechanical and durability tests, performing a statistical analysis to discuss the different properties analyzed. The results show how the incorporation of aramid fibers in the matrix of cement mortars made with recycled concrete aggregate improves their technical performance and mechanical resistance, thus increasing their application possibilities and achieving similar results in some properties to those obtained with traditional mortars made with natural aggregate.

The construction sector is one of the main consumers of raw materials and generates a high volume of waste within the European Union. The search for new materials that are more sustainable and respectful of the environment has become a challenge for countries with a high degree of industrialization. In this work, a study of the most relevant properties of masonry mortars made with recycled aggregates and reinforced with synthetic fibers was carried out. Three types of aggregates were used—natural, concrete recycling and ceramic recycling—and two types of reinforcing fibers: polypropylene and polyolefin. In this way, various tests of physical-mechanical characterization and a statistical analysis of the results were carried out. It has been shown that the mortars made from aggregate recycled concrete and reinforced with polypropylene fiber are the ones with the best properties for application in the construction sector, although without improving the properties of traditional mortars made from natural aggregate and without fibers.

The university educational model of recent decades has radically changed compared to traditional masterclasses. It is a fact that teachers must update and adapt to the social needs of the moment, preparing materials, and planning their classes to form competent citizens for the performance of their professional activity. In this sense, and response to this need, the Service-Learning (S-L) methodology arises. Students can easily apply the theoretical contents learned in the classroom by performing a service, thus finding a practical sense for what they study. In this work, the theoretical foundations and basic notions about S-L are exposed, as well as the way to carry out the planning of a teaching activity that includes this methodology. For this, the work carried out by students of the Quality Management and Control course has been used as an example, who, in line with the Sustainable Development Goals, have carried out service activities in which the concepts learned regarding environmental quality. Besides, a survey has been carried out to determine the students' opinions involved in the activity. The results show that the degree of student satisfaction has been high, were also, 86% of the surveyed students recommended the application of this methodology in later courses., El modelo educativo universitario de las últimas décadas ha cambiado radicalmente frente a las tradicionales clases magistrales. Es un hecho, que el profesorado debe actualizarse y adaptarse a las necesidades sociales del momento, elaborando materiales y planificando sus clases para formar ciudadanía competente para el desempeño de su actividad profesional. En este sentido, y como respuesta a esta necesidad, surge la metodología de Aprendizaje-Servicio (ApS), donde el alumnado puede aplicar de forma sencilla mediante la realización de un servicio los contenidos teóricos aprendidos en el aula, encontrando así un sentido práctico a aquello que estudian. En este trabajo se exponen los fundamentos teóricos y nociones básicas sobre el ApS, así como, la manera de llevar a cabo la planificación de una actividad docente que incluya esta metodología. Para ello, se ha empleado como ejemplo el trabajo realizado por estudiantes de la asignatura de Gestión y Control de la Calidad que, en línea con los Objetivos para el Desarrollo Sostenible, han llevado a cabo actividades de servicio en las que se ponían en práctica los conceptos aprendidos en materia de calidad medioambiental. Además, se ha realizado una encuesta para conocer la opinión del estudiantado involucrado en la actividad, los resultados muestran que el grado de satisfacción del estudiantado ha sido elevado, donde además, el 86% de los alumnos y alumnas encuestadas recomendaban la aplicación de esta metodología en cursos posteriores.

Non-destructive testing can be used to determine some of the most relevant physical properties of building materials. In this work, two low-cost measuring devices were developed capable of determining the variation in real-time of the percentage of humidity that is produced in the construction of gypsum and plaster during the hardening process. For this, an Arduino resistive sensor and a capacitive sensor of our design were used. The results show how it is possible to determine the variations in mixing water content during the seven days of curing established by the UNE-EN 13279-2 standard as well relate to the mechanical resistance of the test specimens with the same percentage of humidity. Additionally, the study was completed with the determination of the formation of the dihydrate compound linked to this setting process in the test specimens by conducting X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis tests at different ages of the samples.

This work presents a new application to detect vibrations in metallic structures based on low-cost sensors compatible with the Arduino platform that enables identification of points where the impact is produced, in order to facilitate inspection. If the impact is produced on a metal bar, the energy introduced in the system is spread through the material in the form of vibration. Thus, using standardized construction steel rods B500SD that can be considered homogeneous along entire section, it was possible to detect where the impact is produced, measuring delays of propagation of acoustic wave throughout the material. For that, it was necessary to place the accelerometers at the ends of the structure that enables an automatic and efficient way to determine the moment and the position of the impact. Hypothesis of supported beam was taken into consideration, obtaining for distances of 0.1 and 0.9 m with delay times of 500 μ s.

Mortars elaborated with recycled aggregates raise two main difficulties: lower mechanical strengths and higher shrinkage compared to traditional mortars. For this reason, fibers were used to improve the properties. Steel fibers are the most employed for their ferromagnetic qualities, what helps to orient them influenced by magnetic field. This paper argues how recycled mortars with steel fiber oriented under the influence of 500 mT field reach flexural strengths 10% higher than those with non-oriented fibers. Thus, mechanical strengths are closer to traditional mortars. Inclusion of fibers in mortar is suitable for obtaining shrinkage values similar to those obtained in traditional mortars.

Nowadays, the educational community is increasingly made to use computer applications which allows for improve the quality of their classes, coming into the vanguard of the new technologies to present more attractive and flexible classes, turning to an immediate practical application and efficiently transmitting the digital competencies established by the curriculum of each stage. In this work, it shown some of the computer applications included within the free software community, that do not present any cost and has been successfully used in the Higher Degree Training Cycle of Energy Efficiency and Thermal Solar Energy. In addition, after carried out a survey can be appreciated the high level of satisfaction of the students who use these programs, which suggests their possible application at university and professional field., En la actualidad, la comunidad educativa se ve obligada cada vez más a emplear herramientas informáticas que permitan mejorar la calidad de sus clases, entrando en la vanguardia de las nuevas tecnologías de forma que se presenten clases más llamativas y flexibles, recurriendo a una inmediata aplicación práctica y transmitiendo de forma eficiente las competencias digitales que establece el currículo de cada etapa. En este trabajo, se muestran algunas de las herramientas englobadas dentro de la comunidad del software libre, que no presentan coste alguno y que han sido empleadas con éxito en el Ciclo Formativo de Grado Superior de Eficiencia Energética y Energía Solar Térmica. Además, tras realizar una encuesta se puede apreciar el alto grado de satisfacción del alumnado para con estas herramientas informáticas, lo cual hace pensar en su posible aplicación a nivel universitario y profesional

La contribución de la Energía Solar Térmica para las instalaciones de calefacción de agua caliente sanitaria y piscinas climatizadas se ha incrementado notablemente desde la entrada en vigor del Código Técnico de la Edificación, superando ya los dos millones de metros cuadrados de ocupación. En este trabajo se establecen unas pautas para la correcta revisión y peritación de este tipo de instalaciones, tomando por referencia una instalación real con 43 captadores de placa plana correspondientes al centro Salesianos Carabanchel, con el objeto de facilitar la intervención a aquellos profesionales de la edificación que estén inmersos en el ámbito de la rehabilitación. ----------ABSTRACT---------- The contribution of Solar Thermal Energy for heating hot water and heated pools has increased significantly since the entry into force of the Technical Building Code, already exceeding the two million square meters of occupation. In this work some guidelines for proper review and inspection of such facilities are established, taking by reference a real installation with 43 collectors flat plate corresponding to the center Salesian Carabanchel, in order to facilitate the involvement of those building professionals who are engaged in the field of rehabilitation.

The present paper exposes an alternative system more simple and economic, consisting of a predefined beating device and a sensor able to determine, once produced the hit, the energy absorbed by the plate. After the impact being produced, the plate undergoes a deformation which absorbs part of the energy, being the reminding one transmitted to the slab and, at the same time, causing induced airborne noise in the adjoining room.