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PurposeThis paper aims to analyze the effect of temporal experiences on the visualization of advertising appeals in the banking sector. More specifically, this study investigates the effectiveness of advertising messages that use close-up “vs” long-shot images and influence objective temporality as a driver of visual attention.Design/methodology/approachOne experiment was done through visual attention using an eye-tracking application. This investigation included the participation of 238 volunteers viewing 2 different types of advertising appeals: savings accounts and bank cards. The advertising appeals brought manipulations of close-up “vs” long-shot images.FindingsThe authors' findings indicate that close-up images increase visual attention in advertising appeals. On the other hand, the presence of long-shot images reduces visual attention in advertising appeals. Furthermore, the eye-tracking results revealed that long-short images constantly decreased with the passing of objective temporality. In contrast, close-up images had the first moment of increased visual attention levels followed by a fall toward the end of objective temporality.Originality/valueThe manipulation of image format differences can increase attention and memory effects. For this reason, the interaction between objective temporality and close-up “vs” long-shot images must be considered more carefully than has been done so far. This article reflects on this care and points the way to future research agendas.

PurposeAlthough many studies have sought to address the topic of continuance intention among Fintech customers, the reported findings are fragmented. Therefore, the present study proposes a research model that integrates the main constructs involved in Fintech continuance intention.Design/methodology/approachThe current study uses a meta-analytic-based correlation analysis of effect sizes, meta-regression analysis and meta-analytic structural equation modeling, with 247 effect sizes in 69 studies involving 26,140 respondents.FindingsThe results reveal continuance intention is driven by satisfaction and trust, with ease of use and usefulness being antecedents of satisfaction and trust. The authors also found evidence to show satisfaction partially mediates the relationship between ease of use and continuance intention and that trust fully mediates the relationship between ease of use and continuance intention and partially mediates the relationship between usefulness and continuance intention. In addition, the authors found that in Western countries, with higher Human Development Index levels and greater of use of electronic payment, satisfaction has more impact on continuance intention.Practical implicationsFrom a theoretical standpoint, this meta-analytic study has implications for the literature on Fintech by offering an empirical generalization on the strength of the antecedents of Fintech continuance intentions and by testing possible moderators in a wide range of countries and studies. In other words, this study’s goal is to broaden the scope of the research. Regarding managerial implications, it is important to listen to user opinions regarding the positive and negative points of their experience with these technologies and take them into consideration when planning improvements. Additionally, the analysis shows the importance of using data from user interaction with technology, obtained, for example, through big data analytics, whereby companies can see how users behave, how much time they spend accessing certain functions and which technological features they use most, and thus seek to improve whatever is needed.Originality/valueThis meta-analytic study advances the understanding of Fintech continuance intentions. Using the proposed approach, it is possible to generate accurate estimates of the effect size of each analyzed antecedent as the meta-analytic method jointly evaluates the results produced by a wide variety of studies performed in different contexts, allowing more accurate conclusions to be drawn.

PurposeThis study aims to perform a meta-analysis about network capabilities (NCs) and how they influence firm performance. Previous studies present distinct results regarding this relationship due to samples, cultural and contextual differences.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted a meta-analysis of 33 papers published between 2008 and 2019.FindingsThe results contribute to theory and practice by (1) synthesizing previous research, testing the relationship between NCs and firm performance; (2) confirming the influence of entrepreneurial orientation on NCs; (3) showing how contextual variables affect the relationship between NCs and firm performance; (4) suggesting that NCs moderate the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and firm performance.Practical implicationsFurthermore, the authors also offer managerial implications. Firms should consider investing in developing NCs to foster performance. Moreover, the contextual variables we investigated show that firms in specific contexts may experience a higher relevance of their NCs for firm performance.Originality/valueThis meta-analysis contributes to the management literature by offering a set of empirical generalizations, including relationship direct, mediation and moderation effects about network capabilities.

Purpose The purpose of this meta-analytic study is to investigate the possible influence of food shape abnormality on consumer’s willingness to buy fruits and vegetables. This research also investigates some possible moderators (methodological, cultural, socio-economic and contextual) that could influence the direct effects. Design/methodology/approach This study applied the meta-analysis approach to understand the effect of food shape abnormality on willingness to buy fruits and vegetables. In this research, 16 empirical articles were examined, with a total of 54 effect sizes. Findings The results showed consistent negative effects between food shape abnormality and consumers’ willingness to buy fruits and vegetables. This study also found significant effects related to culture (Hofstede’s cultural dimensions) and to socio-economic (Human Development Index) moderators. The findings demonstrated that cultures with higher power distance levels promoted stronger effects in the relationship between abnormally shaped food and willingness to buy. Additionally, related to social–economy aspects of a nation, the negative effects between abnormally shaped food and willingness to buy are stronger in countries with low human development rates. Practical implications Public policymakers can benefit from the main findings by implementing interventions strategies and education campaigns based on different cultural dimensions. In cultures characterized by high levels of aversion to uncertainty, social communication campaigns can build trust and provide the consumer more knowledge about abnormally shaped fruits and vegetables, whereas in cultures characterized by low levels of masculinity, related to higher levels of sustainability, local producers can benefit from the “local food” positioning to sell abnormally shaped fruits and vegetables. Originality/value This research advances studies about consumer behaviour in relation to food waste, highlighting factors beyond aesthetic issues, such as a nation’s culture and its economic context. These results open the way for new work in this area.

Purpose This study aims to investigate the effects of brand familiarity on attitude formation across different advertising channels, product types and brand settings. Design/methodology/approach A meta-analysis containing 107 empirical studies with 183 effects sizes tests a theoretical model according to situational moderators and methodological factors of brand familiarity. Findings Brand familiarity has stronger positive impacts on attitude formation under particular advertising tools (online and real advertising), product types (hedonic and mature products) and brand characteristics (memory-based recall). The findings also depend on methodological factors such as student samples, laboratory settings and non-estimated effect sizes. Originality/value This meta-analytic study reconciles prior inconsistencies and advances the understanding of brand familiarity across key advertising, product and brand moderators.

PurposeThe current research empirically aims to explore how displaying incompleteness influences the processing of product information and the number of products placed in the basket. This paper proposes a model of the effects of display incompleteness to analyze the influence of the processing of product information and product scarcity.Design/methodology/approachFour studies were conducted to test a model of the effects generated by the display incompleteness.FindingsThe results suggest that incomplete display increases the processing of product information and the number of products chosen. In addition, it supports that processing product information interacts with incomplete display to predict the number of display products placed in the basket. In this context, perceived scarcity cannot increase the effects of incomplete display on processing product information at low levels of perception. On the other hand, consumers will tend to process more information from incomplete displays when perceived scarcity gradually increases.Research limitations/implicationsThe empirical findings have some limitations. First, the authors’ experiments do not define whether scarcity was caused due to excessive demand or restricted supply. Second, the studies do not analyze the perceived exclusivity of the product in short supply. Finally, the studies did not indicate the differences between display incompleteness that showed variety and category scarcity.Practical implicationsThe findings demonstrate that one of the ways to get customers' attention would be to have an efficient strategy for displaying incompleteness. Many managers believe the lack of products on display is an inventory management problem. However, the studies show that this can help increase product sales.Originality/valueThis research contributes to developing better metrics to understand the processing of product information in display incompleteness. Overall, the studies have demonstrated the value of measuring visual attention as an expression of processing product information to understand better how people visually process display incompleteness and its effects on consumption responses.

PurposeThe paper aims to provide robust evidence about the relationships between key individual characteristics of owners and managers (OMs) and small and medium enterprises (SMEs)' growth and the moderating influence of the country context on these relationships.Design/methodology/approachThe authors meta-analyzed 62 studies presenting a cumulative sample of 175 effect-sizes and 174,590 SMEs.FindingsThe authors found that SMEs led by more experienced men with higher levels of education are more likely to grow. While the relationship between OMs' experience and SMEs' growth is significant for differing country contexts, national characteristics affect the magnitude of the influence that OMs' education and gender specifically exert on SME expansion. The authors also found that the positive impact of OMs' human capital on SMEs' growth increases when these firms are focused on technology.Research limitations/implicationsThe study yielded small-effect sizes for the impact of OMs' human capital and gender on SMEs' growth. Researchers can assess the influence of these characteristics on SMEs' growth along with other individual dimensions.Originality/valueThe current study is the first meta-analytical investigation about the influence of OMs' gender on SMEs' growth. The study focuses solely on SME OMs, as SMEs are not simply larger businesses on a smaller scale. The authors employ a wide set of country-level moderators in the research going beyond most empirical examinations of the topic that have given only marginal attention to moderators.

PurposeThis study aims to consolidate finds about corporate social responsibility (CSR) by conducting a meta-analysis. CSR is a topic present in both academic and practitioner discussions. Research has been conducted in different countries and contexts, using diverse methodological approaches. Consequently, there are different views about CSR and conflicting results.Design/methodology/approachThis paper conducted a meta-analysis to analyse the constructs that are antecedents and consequences of CSR. This paper has also tested the moderating effects of theoretical, methodological and economic variables. The data analysis involved 66 studies, which generated 385 observations and an accumulated sample of 19,817 respondents.FindingsThe findings indicate that environmental concerns, market orientation and stakeholder pressure are the most relevant CSR antecedents. On the other hand, CSR has the strongest effects on organisational commitment, non-financial performance and customer purchasing intention. Also, firm size and cultural orientation were partially significant moderators on the relationships between organisational commitment, CSR and financial performance.Originality/valueThe meta-analytical approach allows for more accurate effect size estimations for each relationship analysed, as the meta-analytic method jointly evaluates the results produced by a great variety of studies performed in different contexts, making it possible to draw more accurate conclusions.

Consumers’ engagement with fake news has impacted the way consumers process information about brands on the Internet. The purpose of this article is to analyze the factors that affect the amount of...

PurposeThis article aims to perform a meta-analysis through a systematic review that will identify the main antecedents and consequents of the satisfaction of sports spectators.Design/methodology/approachThis study used a total of 927 papers that studied satisfaction in the context of sports and directly analyzed 51 papers that presented quantitative data. This review of the existing literature resulted in 18 antecedent constructs and identified four constructs consequent to the satisfaction of sports spectators.FindingsThe results showed 21 positive relations and 1 negative relation with the satisfaction of sports spectators. A significant moderating effect of some cultural orientations and levels of human development are identified. The results demonstrate that the effect between interaction quality and satisfaction on the one hand, and satisfaction and behavioral intention on the other, is stronger for Eastern countries and those with a higher level of economic development.Originality/valueThis meta-analytic study advances the understanding of biases present in primary studies with various limitations. Using the proposed approach, it is possible to generate accurate estimates of the effect size in each analyzed relationship, as the meta-analytic method jointly evaluates the results produced by a great variety of studies performed in different contexts, making it possible to draw more accurate conclusions.

Interest in the relationship between customer participation and brand outcomes has increased over the past few decades. However, research in this field has generated diverse and conflicting results. To study this diversity, in this meta-analysis, we converted and analyzed the effect sizes from 135 studies. We focused on common phenomena that have been analyzed in isolation. A model was created and analyzed through meta-analytic structural equation modeling (MASEM). Our results indicate that customers with a high propensity to trust have high levels of participation. Conversely, customer participation can promote brand outcomes, such as brand satisfaction, brand loyalty and brand performance. Our findings indicate that for these customer participation strategies to be more efficient, they should be based on cocreation actions, which generate the perception of value in customers and are aimed at customers in countries with a greater sense of collectivity.

Evidence about the influence of different business models (BMs) on the performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) is scarce and contradictory. In this paper, a meta-analytical study of the ...

PurposeThis study aims to describe, synthesise and clarify the findings of published studies on individual continuance intention to use an information system (IS), considering the fact that the number of studies in the continuance intention context are growing exponentially and cover several different subjects.Design/methodology/approachThe research uses meta- and weight analysis by taking 115 empirical studies from continuance intention to use an IS. The data are presented in different views using significant and non-significant relationships from all the studies. Furthermore, it uses hierarchical linear meta-analysis to analyse potential moderators that can influence continuance intention.FindingsThe results reveal that affective commitment, attitude, satisfaction, hedonic value and flow are the best predictors of continuance intention to use an IS. Sample size, individualism, uncertainty avoidance and long-term orientation moderate the relationship of perceived usefulness on continuance intention. Power distance, masculinity and indulgence moderate relationship satisfaction on continuance intention.Practical implicationsThe results reveal that continuance intention to use an IS has been studied in different countries, with different cultures; therefore, IS providers should have diversified managing strategies, to ensure the satisfaction of users and long-term usage of their IS.Originality/valueThe study provides a systematic overview of the most relevant variables used in the literature, including a temporal analysis of the theoretical models, highlighting the evolution of the constructs and presents a moderation analysis.

This research aims to analyze the effects of perception-based brand credibility on the attention paid by consumers to sales promotions. An eye-tracking study was conducted to analyze the sales prom...

We performed a meta-analysis to understand the crowding construct in the retail context. The systematic review identified 535 studies, of which 69 were present in the analysis conducted, generating...

PurposeAlthough academics and retail managers share a common belief that crowded stores generate more sales, there is a growing concern about the negative impact of retail crowding on customer relationship management (CRM). This research aims to understand the underlying processes driving the effect, and it explores potential moderators that may mitigate the negative effects on consumer satisfaction.Design/methodology/approachThis research employs a meta-analysis on retail crowding effects and potential moderators.FindingsThe integrative model of retail crowding reveals that social needs, crowd similarity, crowd expectation and uncertainty avoidance mitigate the negative retail crowding effects on satisfaction.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors advance the retailing literature by synthesizing recent studies on retail crowding. The findings also provide a clearer understanding of the mediating role of negative emotions in the relationship between retail crowding and satisfaction.Practical implicationsThis research offers guidance for retail managers on how to mitigate the harmful effects of crowding on customer satisfaction.Originality/valueThis research contributes to the retailing literature and offers guidance for retailers on how to mitigate the harmful effects of crowding on cvustomer satisfaction. Our moderation analyses provide insights into how and when crowding drives consumer satisfaction.

This paper investigates, from meta-analytic approach, some topics that were unexplored in others dynamic capabilities meta-analysis. Hence, our research advances to identify and test the main antecedents of dynamic capabilities, the possible moderation effects of economic and cultural contexts in the relationship between dynamic capabilities and firm performance and the mediation effects between the antecedents of dynamic capabilities and firm performance. (1) The elements that stimulate dynamic capabilities development are resources, knowledge and learning, alliances and environmental dynamism. However, entrepreneurial orientation has no direct relationship with dynamic capabilities. (2) Dynamic capabilities play a mediating role between resources, knowledge and learning, alliances and firm performance. Curiously, entrepreneurial orientation is not mediated by dynamic capabilities in relation to performance. (3) Economic and cultural moderation affect the relation between dynamic capabilities and performance. Surprisingly, we detected that an Eastern orientation, presenting a high level of power distance and a low level of individualism, promotes stronger effects in the relationship between dynamic capabilities and firm performance than a Western orientation. Thus, our main contribution is to broaden the previous research on dynamic capabilities and to propose a future research agenda. In addition, this study adds new empirical evidence to the study of dynamic capabilities, which reduces the heterogeneity of previous results.

This study aims to examine the effects of consumer prudence and impulsivity on their intentions to use mobile banking in the presence of sales promotions. It also tests the moderating effects of pr...

Purpose This study was predicated on gaze behaviour in front-of-shelf orientation. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the effect of the presence (absence) of competing brands on consumer attention in front-of-shelf orientation. The effects on visual attention investigated on the shelf were eye scan path of the total available area, information acquisition in extremities and mental effort. Design/methodology/approach Two experiments were performed using eye-tracking technology. The first study was conducted in a closed and static environment. The second study was performed in an open and dynamic environment. In these studies, the authors used, as an independent variable, the arrangement of brands on shelves (presence vs absence of competing) and evaluated the variations in the visual attention through three dependent variables: eye scan path of the total available area, information acquisition in extremities and mental effort. Findings Three hypotheses were tested. The first hypothesis confirmed that scenarios of competitive brands are rather composed of natural complex scenes, so there is a greater number of eye fixations needed to identify and locate objects. In addition, the second hypothesis demonstrated that, in scenarios of competitive brands, there is an acceleration of information acquisitions causing an increase in peripheral vision at the ends of the shelf. Finally, the third hypothesis demonstrated that the presence of a greater attention effort in the scenario of competing brands was verified, since the mental effort variables (revisiting the shelf, noting and re-examining) were greater than in the scenario of non-competing brands. Research limitations/implications Limitations of this study may be associated with the absence of top-down factors and a lack of results associated with evaluation and verification phases. Originality/value Gaze behaviour is susceptible to the information derived from the absence and presence of competing brands.

Purpose The theory of planned behavior (TPB) emerged as one of the main theoretical bases for understanding consumer intentions and behaviors, with robust results covering different topics. In the context of food, the use of theory has motivated the replication and extension of the model under different circumstances. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach The aims of this meta-analysis were to synthesize the literature on TPB in the food choice context and analyze the moderator effect on direct relationships under theoretical, methodological and cultural circumstances A random-effects meta-analysis of 155 studies (n=367.994) was conducted. Findings There was a robustness in the application of the TPB model to predict food choice; in particular, attitude was the stronger predictor of intention (r=0.386). The analysis of moderators showed that food origin, life cycle, involving technology, healthcare, ethical concerns, motivation and convenience change the original model relations. Research limitations/implications This meta-analysis is limited by the scope of the investigated literature and publication bias. This approach contributes to the literature in two ways. It confirms the robustness of the theoretical model for predicting behaviors in the context of food choice. Furthermore, this research is the first to provide support to sample, cultural and situational moderators. Originality/value The findings offer insights into the food choice context and identify some gaps and opportunities for future research.

The present study analyses the direct effects of the technological adoption model (TAM) in the banking sector by meta-analytical structural equation modelling (MASEM). A systematic review of 142 st...

The goal of the present study is to conduct the first meta-analysis on the antecedents (top-down and bottom-up factors) and consequences (evaluation factors) of visual attention. In this research, ...

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to determine the antecedents and consequences of financial literacy by using meta-analytic techniques.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted a meta-analysis of 44 valid studies, which generated a total of 690 observations (effect sizes).FindingsThe findings showed that the factors influencing financial literacy were as follows: educational level, financial attitude, financial knowledge, financial behaviour, gender, household income and investments. The consequences of financial literacy were the behaviour of incurring avoidable credit and checking fees, credit score, and the willingness to take investment risks. The authors also find some methodological, cultural, economic and theoretical moderations effects between financial literacy and antecedent/consequent constructs.Research limitations/implicationsThis meta-analysis reviewed the relationships found worldwide in the literature on financial literacy. The authors also identified new avenues for future research. Some specific limitations, such as the non-use of qualitative studies, are registered.Originality/valueThis research tested the impact of the antecedents, consequences and moderators of financial literacy via a meta-analytical review. This meta-analysis contributes to the marketing and financial literature by offering a set of empirical generalisations about the direct and moderation effects investigated.

Purpose Customer interaction is both an aim and source of concern for managers around the world. Different forms of interaction, such as cocreation, coproduction and customer participation, are evaluated in different fields of knowledge, with a gap in terms of the joint analysis of their antecedents and consequences as well as possible practical distinctions in the effects of these concepts. The purpose of this paper is to examine customer interaction effects by applying meta-analysis of effect sizes that measure the strength of their relationships. Design/methodology/approach The study used meta-analysis and moderator analysis approaches to synthesize preview results on customer interaction relationships. Findings The results suggest the empirical validity of using customer participation to replace terminologies such as coproduction and cocreation, and show the moderation role of institutional, cultural and contextual factors. Research limitations/implications This study investigated the literature in the areas of business and management to show whether, how and when customer interaction is related to individual and organizational factors. Although the conceptual and empirical implications derived from the preliminary efforts and the consolidated results are robust to generalization, methodological biases limited the findings. Practical implications This research suggests that a better understanding of customer interaction (antecedents, consequences and moderators) may help organizations to identify the most appropriate ways to build their strategies and to improve the results of their efforts. Originality/value This study contributes to the literature by providing one of the few attempts to consolidate the preliminary studies in different forms of customer interaction, suggesting possible moderations and amplifying the preliminary efforts.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a systematic framework with a meta-analytical approach to find various types of antecedents, consequences and moderation effects of the technological acceptance model (TAM) in banking contexts. Design/methodology/approach The authors conducted a meta-analysis of a total of 142 articles, which generated 636 observations, in an accumulated sample of 45,781 respondents. Findings The findings of this meta-analysis demonstrated 18 constructs that were antecedent to the TAM and four constructs that functioned as consequences. Most of these relationships were significant and consistent. The authors also found some methodological, cultural, economic and theoretical moderations effects between TAM constructs and the attitudes/behavioural intentions of banking technological devices. Research limitations/implications This meta-analysis reviewed the relationships found worldwide in the literature on TAM constructs in banking contexts. It was possible to identify new avenues for future research. Some specific limitations, such as the non-use of qualitative studies and the clipping of adverse concepts, exist in the secondary data and should be registered. Practical implications The work could assist managers in decision-making because the findings resulting from the meta-analysis are more consistent than those from traditional primary surveys. Originality/value This research tested the impact of the antecedents, consequences and moderators of the TAM in the banking sector and presented important results via a meta-analytical review. This meta-analysis contributes to the marketing literature by offering a set of empirical generalisations, including relationship coefficients and calculated fail-safe numbers.