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Aims: To evaluate the effectiveness of eHealth interventions to reduce stress and promote mental health in healthcare professionals, and to compare the efficacy of different types of programs (guided vs. self-guided; ‘third-wave’ psychotherapies vs. other types). Background: Healthcare workers present high levels of stress, which constitutes a risk factor for developing mental health problems such as depression and anxiety. eHealth interventions have been designed to reduce these professional's stress considering that the characteristics of this delivery method make it a cost-effective and very appealing alternative because of its fast and easy access. Design: A systematic review of quantitative studies. Methods: A comprehensive database search for quantitative studies was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane (until 1 April 2022). The systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA and SWiM reporting guidelines. The quality of the studies was assessed using the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute tools. Results: The abstracts of 6349 articles were assessed and 60 underwent in-depth review, with 27 fulfilling the inclusion criteria. The interventions were classified according to their format (self-guided vs. guided) and contents (‘third-wave’ psychotherapies vs. others). Twenty-two interventions emerged, 13 of which produced significant posttreatment reductions in stress levels of health professionals (9 self-guided, 8 ‘third wave’ psychotherapies). Significant effects in improving depressive symptomatology, anxiety, burnout, resilience and mindfulness, amongst others, were also found. Conclusion: The evidence gathered in this review highlights the heterogeneity of the eHealth interventions that have been studied; self-guided and ‘third-wave’ psychotherapy programs are the most common, often with promising results, although the methodological shortcomings of most studies hinder the extraction of sound conclusions. Protocol registration: PROSPERO CRD42022310199. No Patient or Public Contribution.

Professional self-concept in nurses is understood as the way nurses think and feel about themselves in their nursing role and is both a predictor of quality of care and a protective factor against burnout. The aim of this study was to translate, culturally adapt and validate the Spanish version of the Nurses Self-Concept Instrument in a sample of 483 Spanish registered nurses. In addition, we analyzed gender differences in its dimensions in the same sample. Internal reliability was evaluated using Cronbach’s Alpha, while construct validity was assessed using both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The differences between groups were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Factor distribution was different from the original model. A gender gap was observed in the Nurse Thinking and Perception of Capabilities dimensions with higher values in the women group, while in the Leadership dimension, higher values were observed in the men group. While the Spanish version of the Nurses Self-Concept Instrument is a valid and reliable tool to measure this construct, the differences in its dimensions lead to a deeper understanding of the cultural differences in the construction of professional self-concept.

Clinical depression is associated with poorer adherence to hypoglycaemic medication in patients with diabetes mellitus, leading to poorer glycaemic control, diabetes management, and increased complications. The main aim of the TELE-DD trial was to demonstrate the efficacy of a proactive and psychoeducational telephonic intervention based on motivational interviewing and collaborative care to reduce nonadherence and improve prognosis in individuals with diabetes mellitus and concurrent depression. Design: The TELE-DD project is a three-phased prospective study including a nested randomised controlled trial. Methods: The baseline cohort included the entire population of adult patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and concurrent depression. A randomised controlled trial was conducted in a selection of patients from the baseline cohort, distributed into a control group (n = 192) and an intervention group (n = 192). Monthly telephonic interventions delivered by specifically trained research nurses were centred on a psychoeducational individualised monitoring protocol including motivational interviewing and collaborative care strategies. Clinical and patient-centred data were systematically collected during an 18-month follow-up including HbA1c, Patient Health Questionnaire, and the Diabetes Distress Scale. Results: During the trial, 18-month follow-up HbA1C levels significantly (p < 0.001) decreased in the intervention group at every follow-up from an average of 8.72 (SD:1.49) to 7.03 (SD:1.09), but slightly increased in the control group from 8.65 (SD:1.40) to 8.84 (SD:1.38). Similar positive results were obtained in depression severity and diabetes distress, LDL-cholesterol, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure, but only at the 18-month follow-up in body mass index reduction. Conclusions: This is the first trial to concurrently decrease biological and psychological outcomes with a monthly brief telephonic intervention, pointing out that a combined biopsychosocial intervention and collaborative care strategy is essential for current world health challenges. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04097483. Patient or Public Contribution: Diabetic patients not belonging to the TELE-DD population or trial sample were consulted during the study design to review and guarantee the clarity and understanding of the trial psychoeducational materials.

The circumstances arising from the COVID-19 pandemic have accelerated the use of digital teaching and learning in health professions education. Digital gamification-based teaching and learning activities are innovative and versatile tools for the acquisition of professional competencies in higher education, which can be used on a range of topics and can be supplemental to other teaching methods.This study aimed to investigate nursing students' gameful experience whilst playing a digital escape room. In addition, we aimed to analyze the students' motivation, learning experience and outcome of the activity, and the students' perception of the degree of achievement of the intended learning outcomes.Cross-sectional descriptive study.A total of 136 undergraduate first year student nurses enrolled in a "Fundamentals of Nursing" course.The digital escape room game took place online during the academic year 2020-2021. The measures included the GAMEX scale in its Spanish version and a self-reported questionnaire to evaluate the outcome of the scape room game and the degree of achievement of the intended learning outcomes.More than 80 % of the participants were moderately to very motivated to play the game. Three GAMEX dimensions achieved a mean score of 3 or above 3, namely Enjoyment, Creative Thinking and Absence of Negative effects. The mean score for each of the outcome variables was over 3. However, the degree of achievement of the learning outcomes after exiting the digital escape room was uneven.Gamification-based teaching and learning activities, such as digital escape rooms, can be effective in fostering specific skills, including teamwork, communication and critical thinking. However, they should be designed carefully, and used as a complement, rather than a substitute, of other educational activities.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Determinar el grado de angustia psicológica y miedo al COVID-19 que experimentan los estudiantes de pregrado de enfermería que estaban a punto de empezar sus prácticas clínicas. Método: Se realizó un estudio transversal en 100 estudiantes de enfermería de segundo y tercer año de la Universidad de Zaragoza (España). Las medidas incluyeron la Escala de Miedo a la COVID-19 y la Escala de Depresión, Ansiedad y Estrés. Resultados: Normalmente, los estudiantes de enfermería no se consideraban vulnerables a la COVID-19. Sin embargo, se observó una asociación significativa entre el nivel de distrés psicológico de los estudiantes de enfermería y la convivencia con familiares o personas percibidas como vulnerables a la infección (p = 0,035). Los resultados del Escala de Depresión, Ansiedad y Estrés revelaron un bajo nivel de distrés psicológico en general; la Escala de Miedo a la COVID-19 indicó un miedo moderado (2,94). Conclusión: Los estudiantes de enfermería que vivían con sus familiares experimentaron mayores niveles de estrés debido al riesgo percibido de transmisión, pero tenían menos miedo a la pérdida de trabajo e ingresos. La ansiedad en nuestra muestra se asoció principalmente con el desconocimiento de su próxima ubicación de colocación.

Objective: To determine the degree of psychological distress and fear of COVID-19 experienced by undergraduate student nurses who were about to begin their clinical placements. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 100 second- and third-year undergraduate student nurses of the University of Zaragoza (Spain). Measures included the Fear of COVID-19 Scale and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales. Results: Regularly, student nurses did not think of themselves as vulnerable to COVID-19. However, a significant association was observed between the student nurses’ level of psychological distress and cohabiting with relatives or people who were considered vulnerable to the infection (p = 0.035). The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale results revealed a low level of psychological distress in general; the Fear of COVID-19 Scale indicated moderate fear (2.94). Conclusion: Student nurses who lived with their relatives experienced higher levels of stress due to the perceived risk of transmission, but were less fearful of loss of work and income. Anxiety in our sample was associated principally with not knowing their upcoming placement location.

Background The integration of innovative strategies to teaching and learning in higher education, such as escape room games, can enhance the acquisition of key professional competencies including communication, teamwork and critical thinking. Objectives This study aimed to evaluate undergraduate student nurses' gameful experience while playing an escape room game as part of a nursing course. Design Cross-sectional descriptive study. Participants A total of 126 third year student nurses enrolled in the “Community Health Nursing II” course. Method The escape room game took place in a classroom at the Faculty of Health Ciences. The measures included the GAMEX scale in its Spanish version and a self-reported questionnaire to evaluate the student's outcome of scape room game immediately after the end of the activity. Results The vast majority (99.21%) considered the escape room game to be an appropriate and an innovative teaching and learning strategy. The mean score for each of the GAMEX dimensions was over 3, with the exception of Absence of negative effects. Our results suggest that the students enjoyed playing the game (mean = 4.40; SD = 0.71), that escape room games should be integrated in nursing courses (mean = 4.54; SD = 0.74) and that playing the game increased their motivation for learning (mean = 3.06; SD = 1.09). Gender differences were observed in the GAMEX Dominance dimension (p Conclusion Gamification in general, and escape rooms in particular, have proven to be a valid tool for the acquisition of professional competencies in higher education.

The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation between the participants’ self-reported quality of life and their sense of coherence in a sample (n = 85) of patients on treatment with oral antivitamin K anticoagulants. A cross-sectional design was used. The measurement instruments included a questionnaire on sociodemographic variables, the Spanish version of the Abbreviated World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF), an oral-anticoagulant-treatment-specific quality-of-life questionnaire, and the sense-of-coherence (SOC) scale. We analyzed the correlations between the participants’ characteristics and the results from the quality-of-life and SOC scales. Age, level of education, employment status, living arrangement, and treatment length were the determinants of the quality of life in people treated with oral anticoagulants. We found a significant association between the four domains of the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire and general treatment satisfaction (p &lt, 0.01), no significant correlations were found between the SOC subscales and the oral-anticoagulant-treatment-specific quality of life in our sample. Women had a worse level of self-management than men. Nursing interventions should be tailored to the needs of the populations on treatment with oral anticoagulants in order to facilitate a higher level of self-management.

Diabetic patients have increased depression rates, diminished quality of life, and higher death rates due to depression comorbidity or diabetes complications. Treatment adherence (TA) and the maintenance of an adequate and competent self-care are crucial factors to reach optimal glycaemic control and stable quality of life in these patients. In this report, we present the baseline population analyses in phase I of the TELE-DD project, a three-phased population-based study in 23 Health Centres from the Aragonian Health Service Sector II in Zaragoza, Spain. The objectives of the present report are: (1) to determine the point prevalence of T2D and clinical depression comorbidity and treatment nonadherence; (2) to test if HbA1c and LDL-C, as primary DM outcomes, are related to TA in this population; and (3) to test if these DM primary outcomes are associated with TA independently of shared risk factors for DM and depression, and patients’ health behaviours. A population of 7,271 patients with type-2 diabetes and comorbid clinical depression was investigated for inclusion. Individuals with confirmed diagnoses and drug treatment for both illnesses (n = 3340) were included in the current phase I. A point prevalence of 1.9% was found for the T2D-depression comorbidity. The prevalence of patients nonadherent to treatment for these diseases was 35.4%. Multivariate analyses confirmed that lower diabetes duration, increased yearly PCS visits, HbA1c and LDL-C levels were independently related to treatment nonadherence. These findings informed the development of a telephonic monitoring platform for treatment of nonadherence for people with diabetes and comorbid depression and further trial, cost-effectiveness, and prognostic studies (phases II and III).

Background: Sitting time has negative effects on health, increasing the risk of obesity, osteoporosis, diabetes, and cancer. Thus, primary health care education interventions aimed to reduce sitting time and sedentary behavior could have beneficial effects on people’s health and wellbeing. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of an intervention based on reducing sitting time to decrease cardiometabolic risk on a sample of women diagnosed with fibromyalgia and moderate obesity. Methods: Randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention to decrease cardiometabolic risk in 84 participants. Sedentary behavior was monitored using an accelerometer before and at 3-month follow-up. Results: Compared with the control group, body mass index decreased, and the number of steps taken increased, in the intervention group 3 months after the intervention. No significant differences were found in the rest of the variables measured. Conclusion: The intervention group decreased sitting time after the intervention. Group activities and support from primary care may be useful to improve treatment adherence. RCT registration: NCT01729936.

BACKGROUND Patients with fibromyalgia (FM), often exhibit sedentary behaviors and being overweight or obese places them at greater risk of developing cardiometabolic disease. Position changes have been found to be associated with positive effects on cardiometabolic outcomes in several chronical illness affected populations. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of position changes on cardiometabolic risk markers in sedentary patients diagnosed with FM who are overweight or moderately obese. METHODS Cross-sectional studies conducted on 78 women with FM. Activities were quantified: sitting time, number of position changes (sitting/standing), number of steps and metabolic output for one week using the activPAL device. In addition, anthropometric measurements, clinical and biochemical variables related to cardiometabolic risk were taken. RESULTS Of the sedentary activities studied, only a higher number of position changes were associated with a lower body mass index and a lower tricipital fold. No differences are observed when analyzing by number of steps or energy expenditure. Clinical and biochemical variables are in the range of normality regardless of sedentary habits. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the beneficial effects of increased positional changes in sedentary overweight or obese people with fibromyalgia that may be incorporated into interventions to decrease cardiometabolic risk in these patients. CLINICALTRIAL NCT01729936

The risk that health personnel have of being assaulted in the workplace is not homogeneous. Factors such as professional category, level of care or service, modulate their probability. The objective of this work was to analyze the aggressions registered by the Servicio Aragonés de Salud professionals, comparing the characteristics of those that occurred in primary care with those that took place in specialized care during 2018.A cross-sectional descriptive study was made, carried out using the information available in the Aragon aggression registry database, during the year 2018. The study variables included sociodemographic characteristics of the people attacked, type of aggression, level of assistance and sick leave. Frequencies and percentages were calculated for the qualitative variables and mean and standard deviation for the quantitative ones; the relationship between the variables was made using the Mann-Whitney and Chi-Square tests.236 assaults were registered, of which 75.4% took place in AE. The average age was 45 years. Doctors were more attacked in primary care, while nursing staff was more attacked in specialized care. In primary there were more verbal attacks, while in specialized there were more physical attacks.Occupational violence suffered by health professionals change depending on the level of care, where a higher incidence of assaults is observed in specialized care. It is necessary to establish improvements in the registry of aggressions in Aragón, to improve the prevention and safety of workers.El riesgo que tiene el personal sanitario de sufrir una agresión en el lugar de trabajo no es homogéneo. Factores como la categoría profesional, el nivel asistencial o el servicio modulan su probabilidad. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar las agresiones registradas por los profesionales del Servicio Aragonés de Salud, comparando las características de aquellas que sucedieron en Atención Primaria con las que tuvieron lugar en Atención Especializada durante el año 2018.Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal, llevado a cabo a través de la información disponible en la base de datos del registro de agresiones aragonés durante el año 2018. Las variables del estudio incluyeron características sociodemográficas de las personas agredidas, tipo de agresión, nivel de asistencia y baja laboral. Se calcularon frecuencias y porcentajes para las variables cualitativas, y media y desviación típica para las cuantitativas. La relación entre las variables se realizó mediante las pruebas de Mann-Whitney y Chi-Cuadrado.Se registraron 236 agresiones, de las que el 75,4% tuvieron lugar en Atención Especializada. La edad media se situó en 45 años. Los médicos fueron más agredidos en Atención Primaria, mientras que el personal de enfermería lo fue más en especializada. En primaria se produjeron más agresiones verbales, mientras que en especializada se registraron más agresiones físicas.La violencia laboral que sufren los profesionales sanitarios varía en función del nivel asistencial, donde se observa una mayor incidencia de agresiones en Atención Especializada. Es necesario establecer mejoras en el registro de agresiones de Aragón, para perfeccionar la prevención y seguridad de los trabajadores.

Critical thinking in Health Sciences is among the transversal competences in the Nursing Degree. The critical card is a tool of individual learning, designed to develop critical thinking, and set in the process of environmental health learning. Every student must perform the activity to obtain the highest qualification in Community Health Nursing subject. The aim of this project was to evaluate this learning tool using the students' perceptions after its performance. The evaluation was based on the answers to a questionnaire obtained from the third course students of Nursing Degree at the University of Zaragoza. The questionnaire was made up of 14 Likert-type questions, grouped in four dimensions. The student participation rate was higher than 50%. The analysis of the questionnaire obtained 67,8% positive answers. The variability between dimensions ranged between 49% of positive answers for application in other subjects and 87% of positive answers for the improvements applicable to the instrument. The students coincided in indicating that the critical card is a useful learning tool and could be applicable in other subjects. However, the weight it is given in the global evaluation of the subject is considered to be too low, considering the time used to complete the activity.

Background The validity and reliability of the objective structured clinical evaluation (OSCE) with nursing students, accordingly to the published evidence, were analyzed. Methods A systematic review was developed. This study followed the methodology proposed in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. The databases searched included PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Plus, Scielo, Dialnet, Lilacs, and Cuiden Plus. Studies were included if they developed an OSCE, described validity and/or reliability of an OSCE, and used nursing student as sample. Studies were excluded when they were written in languages other than English, Spanish, Portuguese, or Catalan. The search was conducted up to and including April 25, 2016. Results Nineteen studies were included in the review. The quality of studies was mixed, and risk of bias was moderate to high. The characteristics of the OSCE were variable and move away to the original model. The validity and reliability were adequate in the majority of the studies. Conclusion The OSCE is a valid and reliable evaluation system to assess nursing students' competences.

Background Patient Safety Culture and Patient Safety Climate (PSC) are different factors. PSC is the shared perception that is held within a hospital's area or unit at a specific moment in time. This measure is necessary for designing activities for promoting and improving safety. It must include the perception of all the agents involved, including future nurses throughout their patient safety education. Objectives The aim was to adapt and validate a new version of the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPS), targeted specifically at nursing students. It provides a new comprehensive and more complete measure of PSC that contributes to improving patient safety. Methods Data were obtained from 654 undergraduate and postgraduate nursing students. PSC was tested using factor analyses and structural equation modeling. In order to facilitate the improvement of PSC, we examined differences in climate strength across different academic groups using the Rwg(j) and ICC measures of inter-rater agreement. Results Factor analyses confirmed a five-factor solution that explained between 52.45% and 54.75% of the variance. The model was found to have adequate fit χ2 (5) = 14.333, p = .014; CFI = 0.99; RMSEA = 0.05. Cronbach's alphas for PSC were between 0.74 and 0.77. “Teamwork within units” was the highest rated dimension, and “Staffing” the lowest rated. Medium-to-high scores were obtained for PSC. The median of Rwg (j) was high in the five dimensions of the PSC survey, supporting the idea of shared climate perceptions (0.81–0.96) among undergraduate and postgraduate nursing students. Conclusions HSOPS-NS is a useful and versatile tool for measuring the level and strength of PSC. It screens knowledge regarding patient safety in clinical practice placements and compares nursing students' perceptions of the strength of PSC. Weaknesses perceived in relation to PSC help implement changes in patient safety learning.

Sex is a determining factor in the differences with which men and women are treated in the emergency room. The objective was to analyze the profile in patients with chest paint attended in emergency department, and the gender inequalities in the diagnosis and treatment.Descriptive observational study of patients, who attended to the Miguel Servet University Hospital emergency department, with ischemic chest pain during 2017. Sociodemographic and clinical variables of treatment and evolution were analyzed. Bivariate and multivariate analysis was performed through the statistical program SPSS.351 cases were registered (235 men and 116 women). The women were older (median age 75.5 years, against, 71.4 years in men, p=0.003), went to the hospital during summer time (p=0.021) and took most often of benzodiazepines (p=0.001), antidepressants (p0.001) and diuretics drugs (p=0.039). The women had greater proportion of arterial hypertension (p=0.001). The men came more to the emergency department during autumn period (p=0.008), and had more history of ischemic heart disease (p=0.003) and percutaneous coronary intervention (p0.001). The time of completion of the first electrocardiogram was greater in women (p0.001), and were diagnosed with a higher frequency of atypical chest pain (p=0.003), unlike men, more diagnosed of acute coronary syndrome (p=0.028) and subjected to invasive treatment (p0.001).There are differences according to sex in the antecedents, delay in performing the first electrocardiogram and use of invasive treatment. Its consideration from the emergency department, without influence of value judgments and with the determination of values disaggregated by sex, can improve the attention and evolution of these patients.El sexo es determinante en las diferencias con que hombres y mujeres son atendidos en Urgencias. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el perfil clínico de los pacientes atendidos en Urgencias por dolor torácico isquémico, y la presencia de inequidades según sexo en el diagnóstico y tratamiento.Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo de los pacientes que acudieron a Urgencias del Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet (Zaragoza) por dolor torácico isquémico en 2017. Se recogieron variables sociodemográficas y clínicas de tratamiento y evolución mediante la historia clínica. Se realizó análisis bivariante y multivariante mediante el paquete estadístico SPSS.Se registraron 351 casos (235 hombres, 116 mujeres). Las mujeres fueron mayores que los hombres (edad mediana de 75,5 años frente a 71,4 años en hombres, p=0,003), acudieron más durante el verano (p=0,021), tomaron con mayor frecuencia benzodiacepinas (p=0,001), antidepresivos (p0,001) y diuréticos (p=0,039), y presentaron con mayor proporción hipertensión arterial (p=0,001). Los hombres acudieron más durante el otoño (p=0,008) y presentaron más antecedentes de cardiopatía isquémica (p=0,003) e intervención coronaria percutánea (p0,001). El tiempo de realización del electrocardiograma fue mayor en mujeres (p0,001), y estas fueron diagnosticadas con mayor frecuencia de dolor torácico atípico (p=0,003), a diferencia de los hombres, más diagnosticados de síndrome coronario agudo (p=0,028) y sometidos a tratamiento invasor (p0,001).Existen diferencias según el sexo en los antecedentes, demora en la realización del electrocardiograma y uso de tratamiento invasor. Su consideración desde Urgencias, sin influencia de juicios de valor y con la determinación de valores desagregados por sexo, puede mejorar la atención y evolución de estos pacientes.

The increase in violence in the health sector in recent years has had important consequences on the health of workers who have been attacked. This systematic review is proposed, whose objective was to update and systematically review the available scientific literature on the aggressions against workers in the health sector in Spain.A systematic review of the literature on aggressions to the health care personnel was carried out. The following database were searched: Scielo, Cuidatge, Medline, Cuiden, Scopus, Dialnet, Ibecs, Sciencedirect, Medes, Enfispo, Ibecs, Lilacs, CSIC and Embase databases. All original articles were included until April 2019, published in English or Spanish.Twenty-three studies were included. The methodological quality of the included studies was good. The aggression that occur tend to follow the same pattern; they are mostly verbal and psychological aggressions, often accompanied by threats. Patients are the main aggressors, to normally doctors and nurses. The main causes are waiting times and delays, rarely the facts are reported or recorded.There is an increase in the magnitude of the phenomenon in recent years, in most cases the aggressors are men, whereas the aggressed professionals are mostly women. The variability in the records of aggression notifications and in the questionnaires used in the different studies, as well as the subjectivity and interpretation of these facts, make comparison between them difficult.El incremento de la violencia en el ámbito sanitario en los últimos años ha ocasionado importantes consecuencias sobre la salud de los trabajadores agredidos. Se plantea esta revisión sistemática cuyo objetivo fue actualizar y revisar la literatura científica disponible sobre las agresiones a trabajadores del sector sanitario en España.Se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática de la literatura sobre agresiones al personal del sector sanitario. Se realizaron búsquedas en las siguientes bases de datos: Scielo, Cuidatge, Medline, Cuiden, Scopus, Dialnet, Ibecs, Sciencedirect, Medes, Enfispo, Ibecs, Lilacs, Índices CSIC y Embase. Se incluyeron todos los artículos originales hasta abril de 2019, publicados en inglés o español.Se incluyeron 23 estudios. La calidad metodológica de los estudios incluidos fue buena. Las agresiones que se producen tienden a seguir un mismo patrón. Fueron mayormente agresiones verbales, acompañadas en numerosas ocasiones de amenazas. Los pacientes fueron los principales agresores, ejerciendo violencia fundamentalmente hacia médicos y profesionales de enfermería. Las principales causas se debieron a los tiempos de espera y a las demoras, pero pocas veces los hechos fueron denunciados o registrados.Se observa un incremento en la magnitud del fenómeno en los últimos años. En la mayoría de los casos los agresores son hombres, pero en cambio los profesionales agredidos son mayormente mujeres. La variabilidad en los registros de notificaciones de agresiones y en los cuestionarios utilizados en los diferentes estudios, así como la subjetividad e interpretación de estos hechos, dificulta la comparación entre ellos.

Background Working memory capacity and fluent intelligence influence cognitive capacity as a predictive value of success. In line with this, one matter appears, that of mind wandering, which partly explains the variability in the results obtained from the subjects who do these tests. A recently developed measure to evaluate this phenomenon is the Mind-Wandering Questionnaire (MWQ). Objective The objective of this work was to translate into Spanish the MWQ for its use with adolescents and to validate it and to analyze its relation with these values: self-esteem, dispositional mindfulness, satisfaction with life, happiness, and positive and negative affects. Methods A sample of 543 secondary students: 270 males (49.72%) and 273 females (50.28%) were used, who completed the questionnaire, and also did tests of self-esteem, dispositional mindfulness, satisfaction with life, happiness, and positive and negative effects. The transcultural adaptation process followed these steps: translation, back translation, evaluation of translations by a panel of judges, and testing the final version. Results Validity analyses were done of the construct (% explained variance¿=¿52.1), and internal consistency was high (a¿=¿.766). The coefficients of correlation with the self-esteem, MASS, satisfaction with life, happiness, and affects scales confirmed the questionnaire’s validity, and a multiple regression analysis (R 2 ¿=¿34.1; model F¿=¿24.19. p¿