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Abstract Earth’s magnetic field exhibits a dominant dipole morphology. Notwithstanding, significant deviations from the dipole are evident today, particularly the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA), characterized by anomalously low-field intensity and high directional variability, diminishing the field’s shielding effect. To assess the persistence of SAA-like features over multimillion-year scales, we combine paleomagnetic data from Trindade Island (20°30’S, 29°22’W) with an evaluation of paleosecular variation (PSV) over the past 10 Myr. We employ synthetic models to explore how the position and intensity of magnetic flux patches at the core-mantle boundary can influence the long-term field behavior. Here we present results that reveal anomalous field signatures in the South Atlantic and the Atlantic-Pacific hemispheric asymmetries are enduring features, likely linked to a bottom-up control of PSV by the inner core’s heterogeneities but with contributions from mantle anomalies in the long-time range.

Decaprenylphosphoryl-β-D-ribose-oxidase (DprE1), a subunit of the essential decaprenylphosphoribose-2′-epimerase, plays a crucial role in the synthesis of cell wall arabinan components in mycobacteria, including the pathogen responsible for tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In this study, we designed, synthesised, and evaluated 15 (BOK-1–BOK-10 and BOP-1–BOP-5) potential inhibitors of DprE1 from a series of 1,2,3-triazole ligands using a validated DprE1 inhibition assay. Two compounds, BOK-2 and BOK-3, demonstrated significant inhibition with IC50 values of 2.2 ± 0.1 and 3.0 ± 0.6 μM, respectively, whereas the standard drug (TCA-1) showed inhibition at 3.0 ± 0.2 μM. Through molecular modelling and dynamic simulations, we explored the structural relationships between selected 1,2,3-triazole compounds and DprE1, revealing key features for effective drug–target interactions. This study introduces a novel approach for designing ligands against DprE1, offering a potential therapeutic strategy for tuberculosis treatment.

ABSTRACTThe páramo grassland ecosystem in the high Andes requires definition of spatially explicit and large-scale priorities for bird conservation, especially for lands outside of protected areas. Using surrogate species such as habitat specialists (e.g., páramo specialists), endemic species, or threatened species to identify potential habitat can support conservation decisions. We used MaxEnt to generate habitat suitability models for eighteen surrogate bird species in a high Andean biosphere reserve, the Macizo del Cajas (MCB). The areas of estimated suitable habitat range from 115,500 to 312,700 ha; the proportion predicted inside the national system of protected areas of MCB ranged from 12 to 29 percent. The consolidated map (i.e., the coincidence of predicted pixels for all eighteen surrogate bird species) predicted an area of 94,800 ha, with 70 percent outside the national system of protected areas. The models reveal that there are large suitable areas of MCB potentially occupied by these species outside of protected areas, especially along the eastern flank of the study area. MaxEnt models as a proxy facilitate the recognition of locations of possible habitat suitability for páramo-specialized birds and therefore identify areas of the MCB outside of the protected areas that should be considered for more formal protection.

Summary: Safe, effective, and low-cost oral antiviral therapies are needed to treat those at high risk for developing severe COVID-19. To that end, we performed a high-throughput screen to identify non-peptidic, non-covalent inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro), an essential enzyme in viral replication. NZ-804 was developed from a screening hit through iterative rounds of structure-guided medicinal chemistry. NZ-804 potently inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Mpro (0.009 μM IC50) as well as SARS-CoV-2 replication in human lung cell lines (0.008 μM EC50) and primary human airway epithelial cell cultures. Antiviral activity is maintained against distantly related sarbecoviruses and endemic human CoV OC43. In SARS-CoV-2 mouse and hamster disease models, NZ-804 therapy given once or twice daily significantly diminished SARS-CoV-2 replication and pathogenesis. NZ-804 synthesis is low cost and uncomplicated, simplifying global production and access. These data support the exploration of NZ-804 as a therapy for COVID-19 and future emerging sarbecovirus infections.

En medicina, muchas veces se encuentran situaciones donde la regresión (lineal o logística) no es viable, por contar con constructos latentes o factores que incluyen diversas variables observadas, ya que tratan de reflejar o estimar fenómenos complejos multidimensionales. Esta limitación dio lugar a la búsqueda de metodologías estadísticas alternativas, como un subtipo de Modelos de Ecuaciones Estructurales denominados modelos MIMIC (del inglés, por Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes), utilizado originalmente en neurociencias. En esta entrega se explica qué son estos modelos, para qué sirven, así como se mencionan los programas para su aplicación, y la interpretación de resultados. Se ejemplifica con un estudio sobre la calidad de vida de personas que recibieron un trasplante, destacando la representación gráfica y la importancia de la parsimonia en los modelos. Estos modelos permiten incluir factores y variables sueltas en simultáneo, resolviendo relaciones causales complejas, por lo cual resultan herramientas útiles en la investigación médica.

Hypostomus khimaera Tencatt, Zawadzki & Fröehlich, 2014 is a species native to the rio Paraguay basin, but it is recorded here from the upper rio Paraná basin for the first time. Our new record was made in the córrego Mimoso, a tributary of the rio Anhanduí, approximately 180 km from the closest previously reported locality. We are unsure whether the occurrence of this species in the upper rio Paraná basin is a consequence of natural phenomena, such as headwater connection during floods or stream capture, or an artificial introduction. Together with the invasive H. cochliodon Kner, 1854, H. khimaera is the second species of the H. cochliodon group recorded in the upper rio Paraná basin. Here, we provide an updated diagnosis of H. khimaera and highlight the differences in opercle exposition as the easiest way to differentiate it from the syntopic and morphologically similar H. cochliodon.

PEO/TiP fibers were obtained using the Solution Blow Spinning (SBS) apparatus and heat treated to produce TiO2 fibers. The morphological and structural characteristics were assessed using SEM and X-ray diffraction. The fibers, with a thickness of 12 μm, showed a change in crystalline structure with heat treatment. At temperatures as low as 800 °C, only the anatase phase was identified, while at 900 °C, both anatase and rutile phases coexisted. The addition of TiP to the polymer matrix reduced the initial breakdown temperature, and the DSC curves showed exothermic peaks due to the amorphous phase transition to TiO2/anatase. The fibers' photocatalytic capacity was tested, revealing that TiO2-fibers in the anatase phase achieved 97% degradation of Rhodamine-B dye in 40 minutes. The study found that the biocide efficacy of TiO2-fibers depends on their heat treatment. Fibers with anatase/rutile or pure rutile phases did not show significant efficiency. However, fibers treated at 600°C with pure anatase phase were more effective in eliminating E. coli and total coliforms. Finally, we can state that the TiO2 fibers obtained in this work using the SBS technique can be used to produce filters to purify water contaminated by pathogens dangerous to human health or even to purify the air.

The thermal demand in agri-food industries is characterised by its considerable variability, hindering the implementation of Solar Water Heating Systems (SWHS). The main objective of the study is to provide an overview of how consumption patterns influence the profitability and energy savings of SWHS in the sector, while also identifying additional key variables that affect their viability. For this purpose, approximately 1,300,000 cases have been examined, considering a wide range of consumption patterns, economic variables, and locations. Demand seasonality, weekly frequency and energy prices exhibit the greatest impact on the feasibility of SWHS. Uniformity of daily demand, location and investment cost are also determinants. Thus, single-day-per-week consumption patterns make SWHS unviable in most scenarios. However, with only three non-consecutive days, feasibility increases significantly, achieving paybacks of less than 5 years and energy savings of over 40 % when conditions are highly favorable. In strongly seasonal industries, the viability of SWHS is seriously compromised. The payback in patterns with a peak consumption in the early morning can double the value with uniform one (e.g., from 4 to 8 years in the most favorable scenarios at a price of 0.1 €/kWh). The results tables reflecting payback and energy savings in thousands of different scenarios represent a valuable tool for decision-making in industries. By looking for the scenario with the most similar characteristics, it is possible to estimate the profitability and savings of the SWHS in a given industry, as well as the possible variations when changing the assumed variables.

This paper summarises the results of the first analytical investigation of the soil chemistry of Asturian Megalithism, an approach which is essential, due to the scarcity of materials conserved in the burial areas. The combination of three analytical techniques enabled this study of the soils from the Cobertoria dolmen (Salas, Spain), a megalithic monument dated at around 3500 BC. The text describes the techniques and results of the analyses made on the corridor, and their relationship with their archaeological contexts. The peaks of some elements closely correspond with the geology of the site while others, especially the phosphorous components, are not common in the natural soils of this area. XRF and ICP-MS analysis showed peaks of this element indicating phosphorus concentrations that cannot be understood without the anthropogenic influence of the use of the corridor. The decomposition of bodies or the organic elements buried here is the most probable reason for these high peaks.

Resumo: O propósito geral do presente artigo é investigar o sentido e o alcance da noção de dissonância musical n’O nascimento da tragédia. Ao passar em revista as possíveis definições explicativas de tal conceito, dentro e fora do âmbito teórico-especulativo próprio do primeiro livro de Nietzsche, esperamos descerrar um caminho que nos leve a repensar a assim chamada “metafísica de artista”, e, em especial, aquilo que geralmente se entende por música dionisíaca.

Background: In the auditory domain, temporal resolution is the ability to respond to rapid changes in the envelope of a sound over time. Silent gap-in-noise detection tests assess temporal resolution. Whether temporal resolution is impaired in tinnitus and whether those tests are useful for identifying the condition is still debated. We have revisited these questions by assessing the silent gap-in-noise detection performance of human participants. Methods: Participants were seventy-one young adults with normal hearing, separated into preliminary, tinnitus and matched-control groups. A preliminary group (n = 18) was used to optimise the silent gap-in-noise detection two-alternative forced-choice paradigm by examining the effect of the position and the salience of the gap. Temporal resolution was tested in case-control observational study of tinnitus (n = 20) and matched-control (n = 33) groups using the previously optimized silent gap-in-noise behavioral paradigm. These two groups were also tested using silent gap prepulse inhibition of the auditory startle reflex (GPIAS) and Auditory Brain Responses (ABRs). Results: In the preliminary group, reducing the predictability and saliency of the silent gap increased detection thresholds and reduced gap detection sensitivity (slope of the psychometric function). In the case-control study, tinnitus participants had higher gap detection thresholds than controls for narrowband noise stimuli centred at 2 and 8 kHz, with no differences in GPIAS or ABRs. In addition, ABR data showed latency differences across the different tinnitus subgroups stratified by subject severity. Conclusions: Operant silent gap-in-noise detection is impaired in tinnitus when the paradigm is optimized to reduce the predictability and saliency of the silent gap and to avoid the ceiling effect. Our behavioral paradigm can distinguish tinnitus and control groups suggesting that temporal resolution is impaired in tinnitus. However, in young adults with normal hearing, the paradigm is unable to objectively identify tinnitus at the individual level. The GPIAS paradigm was unable to differentiate the tinnitus and control groups, suggesting that operant, as opposed to reflexive, silent gap-in-noise detection is a more sensitive measure for objectively identifying tinnitus.

Abstract The upper rio Paraná basin drains the most developed and environmentally degraded region in South America: the Brazilian southeast. While it is one of the most well-known Neotropical fish assemblages, it is also one of the most threatened by anthropic activity. Urbanization, deforestation, dam construction, invasive species, and water pollution not only reduce the living area of species but also alter our perception of the basin and its biotic elements. Such changes are so profound and pervasive that raise uncertainties about the native or non-native status of several species. This paper aims to offer a detailed picture of the native diversity and historical biogeography of the fishes in the upper rio Paraná basin, which we hope will offer a solid foundation for future conservation policies. We update the list of native species, analyze geographical distributions, and identify biogeographical patterns, emphasizing areas requiring recognition as distinct biotas for conservation efforts. Over the past 15 years, more than 100 additional species have been described or recorded, expanding the total to 341 native species belonging to six orders and 30 families, making it the richest river basin in Brazil outside the Amazonian region. Unlike most neotropical basins where Characidae dominates, loricariids make up nearly one-fourth of the total fish diversity in the region. Species and clades concentrate in the central basin, while endemics are confined to peripheral areas due to the complex biogeographical history shared with neighboring basins. Eighteen distinct biogeographical regions are identified, discussing their composition, histories, and conservation implications. The upper rio Paraná basin has 10% of its fish fauna ranked as endangered and present 128 non-native species, including three hybrids. This places it as the major drainage with the largest number of endangered taxa in the neotropics and at the same time the one with the most numerous non-native elements. Existing protected areas are deemed ineffective in preserving diverse assemblages and fail to safeguard the majority of threatened and narrowly-endemic species.

Abstract A checklist of recent and fossil fishes of the Order Characiformes is presented herein and believed to be complete through 2022. A total of 47 collaborators checked and provided information about their taxa of expertise. The list is arranged in alphabetical order by family and then genus and includes all available synonyms. From a total of 3,087 species group names and 527 genus group names, 2,334 species are currently treated as valid, and assigned to 301 genera and 24 families. This total includes 25 species known only from the fossil record, of which 21 are assigned to eight extant families and four are Incertae sedis in Characiformes, but does not include five species based on fossil which were wrongly treated in Characiformes. The status of 79 nominal species remains unresolved. When there are two competing hypotheses about the validity of a name, one of them is chosen and the alternate interpretation is provided in the remark section of that name. Distributional summaries are presented as numbers that correspond to areas for which there is a record of occurrence of the species. A list of unavailable names is provided at the end since some of those names may need additional research to certify their status.

El presente texto describe la curiosa combinación de estructuras que aparecen concentradas en una pequeña loma ubicada a casi 900 metros de altitud, en la comarca centro-oriental asturiana, cerca de la Cordillera Cantábrica. En primer lugar, un túmulo prehistórico en la zona alta del cerro, que ya fue incluido en la carta arqueológica, y que va acompañado de otras pequeñas elevaciones inmediatas posiblemente contemporáneas. Rodeando a todas ellas se han identificado varios recintos inéditos bien sustanciados en un conjunto de parapetos de trazado irregular, aunque de constatación empírica clara. Nuevas y viejas evidencias arqueológicas fueron estudiadas a partir de tres análisis diferentes del espacio: la prospección de campo, el uso de la fotografía aérea y del LiDAR. Debido a la carencia de excavaciones o de exploraciones geofísicas en el lugar el encuadre temporal ha de ser necesariamente amplio, indagando nuestro trabajo en posibles paralelos, tanto de tiempos prehistóricos como históricos, que puedan asemejarse a lo constatado en el Cuetu.

Threatened shark species are caught in large numbers by artisanal and commercial fisheries and traded globally. Monitoring both which shark species are caught and sold in fisheries, and the export of CITES-restricted products, are essential in reducing illegal fishing. Current methods for species identification rely on visual examination by experts or DNA barcoding techniques requiring specialist laboratory facilities and trained personnel. The need for specialist equipment and/or input from experts means many markets are currently not monitored. We have developed a paper-based Lab-on-a-Chip (LOC) to facilitate identification of three threatened and CITES-listed sharks, bigeye thresher (Alopias superciliosus), pelagic thresher (A. pelagicus) and shortfin mako shark (Isurus oxyrinchus) at market source. DNA was successfully extracted from shark meat and fin samples and combined with DNA amplification and visualisation using Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) on the LOC. This resulted in the successful identification of the target species of sharks in under an hour, with a working positive and negative control. The LOC provided a simple "yes" or "no" result via a colour change from pink to yellow when one of the target species was present. The LOC serves as proof-of-concept (PoC) for field-based species identification as it does not require specialist facilities. It can be used by non-scientifically trained personnel, especially in areas where there are suspected high frequencies of mislabelling or for the identification of dried shark fins in seizures.

The present work analyzes the feasibility of using solar water heating systems (SWHS) to supply the hot water required in the winemaking industries. The hot water demand of the sector was characterized by selecting patterns that encompass the wide range of existing casuistry. After determining the production potential of the SWHS by using an experimental system, 22500 energy simulations were carried out, combining different locations, energy prices, and prices of the necessary investment. The results demonstrate that the seasonality and irregularity of a winery’s demand pattern drastically condition the viability and profitability of SWHS. In wineries with high demand, which are relatively uniform throughout the year, the solar system with optimized design achieves energy consumption reductions between 32% (low radiation) and 52% (high radiation), with payback between 4.3 and 7.2 years. On the other hand, in wineries with highly seasonal consumption, SWHS are not profitable even in very favorable cases.

IntroductionCOVID-19 affects patients of all ages. There are few autopsy studies focusing on the younger population. We assessed an autopsy cohort aiming to understand how age influences pathological outcomes in fatal COVID-19.MethodsThis study included autopsied patients, aged 6 months to 83 years, with confirmed COVID-19 in 2020–2021. We collected tissue samples from deceased patients using a minimally invasive autopsy protocol and assessed pathological data following a systematic approach.ResultsEighty-six patients were included, with a median age of 55 years (IQR 32.3–66.0). We showed that age was significantly lower in patients with acute heart ischemia (p = 0.004), myocarditis (p = 0.03) and lung angiomatosis (p

Hyphessobrycon langeanii was originally described as endemic to the upper Araguaia river basin, Brazil. However, our analysis of several Hyphessobrycon specimens collected in the Correntes river basin and another tributary of the Itiquira River in Mato Grosso state (both belonging to the Paraguay river basin) reveals the first verified record of H. langeanii from this basin and from the states of Mato Grosso do Sul and Mato Grosso. The objective of this study is to provide a novel record of H. langeanii from the basin of the Paraguay River and from the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. We compare the newly discovered populations with the populations in the Araguaia river basin, and we also provide a brief discussion on the biogeography of this species.

Abstract The climate is changing. At this stage, it is important to specify an ‘extreme’ climate and identify patterns that indicate its potential harm worldwide, including the coastal zones. Herein, we considered extremes based on the “Peaks Over Threshold” method from the “Extreme Value Theory”. We looked after geographical patterns of surface air temperature (SAT) extremes (e.g., Tmax, Tmin, daily temperature range (DTR), and inter-daily temperature range) over the last 40 years throughout the Brazilian coast. Overall, we found a trend increase in intensity and frequency, but the duration was barely affected. The latitudinal pattern of extremes and the temperatures considered extremes followed the settled perception that areas in higher latitudes will be more affected by the extent of warming. Additionally, the seasonal pattern of DTR demonstrated to be a good approach to make inferences about air mass changes, but joint analyses on extremes with other atmospheric variables are desirable. Given the potential effects of extreme climates on society and natural systems over the world, our study highlights the urge for action to mitigate the effects of the increase in SAT in coastal zones.

The catalytic properties of three copper complexes, [Cu(en)2](ClO4)2 (1), [Cu(amp)2](ClO4)2, (2) and [Cu(bpy)2](ClO4)2 (3) (where en = ethylenediamine, amp = 2-aminomethylpyridine and bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine), were explored upon the oxidation of benzyl alcohol (BnOH). Maximized conversions of the substrates to their respective products were obtained using a multivariate analysis approach, a powerful tool that allowed multiple variables to be optimized simultaneously, thus creating a more economical, fast and effective technique. Considering the studies in a fluid solution (homogeneous), all complexes strongly depended on the amount of the oxidizing agent (H2O2), followed by the catalyst load. In contrast, time seemed to be statistically less relevant for complexes 1 and 3 and not relevant for 2. All complexes showed high selectivity in their optimized conditions, and only benzaldehyde (BA) was obtained as a viable product. Quantitatively, the catalytic activity observed was 3 > 2 > 1, which is related to the π-acceptor character of the ligands employed in the study. Density functional theory (DFT) studies could corroborate this feature by correlating the geometric index for square pyramid Cu(II)-OOH species, which should be generated in the solution during the catalytic process. Complex 3 was successfully immobilized in silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@SiO2), and its oxidative activity was evaluated through heterogenous catalysis assays. Substrate conversion promoted by 3-Fe3O4@SiO2 generated only BA as a viable product, and the supported catalyst’s recyclability was proven. Reduced catalytic conversions in the presence of the radical scavenger (2,2,6,6-tetrametil-piperidi-1-nil)oxil (TEMPO) indicate that radical and non-radical mechanisms are involved.

Background and objectivesContinuous sciatic popliteal nerve block effectively manages pain after ankle and foot surgery. Most studies on continuous infusion of local anesthetics by perineural catheters have been made with bupivacaine, levobupivacaine, and ropivacaine, but lidocaine has not been used. The main objective of this study was to compare the quality of analgesia, motor function, and side effects between lidocaine and bupivacaine infusions in bilateral continuous popliteal nerve blocks for foot surgery.MethodsThis was a prospective, double-blind, randomized, parallel-group, noninferiority study. We enrolled 70 patients undergoing bilateral foot or ankle surgery that could be performed under general anesthesia and continuous regional analgesia using sciatic popliteal nerve blocks. During their postoperative care, they were randomized into 2 groups: group lidocaine (lidocaine 0.5%, 5 ml/h) or group bupivacaine (bupivacaine 0.1%, 5 ml/h), administered through elastomeric pumps. The primary outcome was pain at 24 h after surgery, assessed by a verbal numeric rating scale (ranging from 0 to 10). A pre-specified non-inferiority margin of 1.5 was defined. Secondary outcomes were the degree of motor and sensitive block, total opioid use, and difficulties with pump or catheter management.ResultsThe mean postoperative pain at 24 h of surgery was 2.06 (95% bootstrap confidence interval bCI 1.29, 2.83) and 1.82 (95% bCI 1.02, 2.62) in the lidocaine and bupivacaine group, respectively. The upper limit of the 95% bCI for the mean difference between lidocaine and bupivacaine was 0.82, declaring non-inferiority. No differences in the postoperative rescue analgesia use and satisfaction with care were found. No differences in postoperative NRS, sensory block and motor block were seen between groups.ConclusionsLidocaine 0.5% and bupivacaine 0.1% provide similar postoperative analgesia through a sciatic popliteal catheter in ambulatory bilateral foot surgery patients.Clinical Trial Registrationhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/, identifier: NCT02121119

La conciencia de que existe un mundo sublunar y, al mismo tiempo, la de que existe un principio divino en ese mismo mundo, introduce al sistema barroco español (y a sus variadas cohortes de legitimadores) en una modernidad que viene a ser la de una época de radical complejidad. La metáfora de las pirámides, que se puede remontar hasta Nicolás de Cusa, expresa la doble constitución de lo humano y su dificultad extrema para desenvolverse en los mundos de la vida. Abrazar la globalidad en su variedad infinita, implica una teopolítica que ha sido objetivo expreso de la Monarquía Católica hispana. «Monarquía compuesta» que se mostró —especialmente durante el siglo XVII— como un sistema que incluía la diversidad del mundo en el horizonte del trasmundo.

In this study, the authors provide a global overview of SARS-CoV-2 genome sequencing, and estimate the proportion of cases sequenced and time to genome upload. They identify disparities and highlight the need to strengthen surveillance in lower and middle income countries.

Destructive wildfires ravaged jaguar primary habitat, posing significant ecological threats to the species in the Pantanal wetland.

Defining baseline mortality and trends in wildlife populations is imperative to understand natural and anthropogenic threats to overall population health and improve conservation measures for species, particularly in geographically confined habitats. The Guadalupe fur seal Arctocephalus townsendi (GFS) is a threatened pinniped that ranges throughout the west coast of Mexico with sporadic dispersion to higher latitudes. Their breeding habitat is restricted to Guadalupe Island, Mexico, which is vulnerable to periodic and cyclic warming of the Northeast Pacific Ocean. The impacts of environmental change on GFS health and reproductive success at Guadalupe Island are poorly defined and the aim of this study was to establish baseline pup (GFSn) mortality rates and primary causes of death during the 2013-2016 breeding seasons at Guadalupe Island. Interannual mortality rates and causes of death were compared by year, breeding seasons and by geographic location. The highest mortality rate in GFSn was in 2015 (14.7%), followed by 2014 (8.2%), 2016 (6.7%) and 2013 (5.6%). The presumptive causes of mortality of GFSn were consistent with other published long term otariids health surveys and included: emaciation (49%), trauma (24%), infectious disease (8%), drowning (4%) stillbirth/perinatal mortality (4%) and undetermined (11%). However, in 2015 and coinciding with northeast Pacific marine heatwave in 2014-2016, emaciation accounted for 54% of GFSn mortality in contrast to 9% in 2013. For GFSn, terrestrial habitat may influence mortality rates and causes of mortality but like other marine predators, marine habitat features, such as an increase in sea surface temperature are associated with changes in maternal care, nutritional status and pups survival. Monitoring mortality rate and causes in GFSn at Guadalupe Island is crucial to establish baseline health trends, document potential impacts on species demographics and recruitment during marine heatwaves and potential consequences in population recovery.

The theta rhythm, a quasi-periodic 4–10 Hz oscillation, is observed during memory processing in the hippocampus, with different phases of theta hypothesized to separate independent streams of information related to the encoding and recall of memories. At the cellular level, the discovery of hippocampal memory cells (engram neurons), as well as the modulation of memory recall through optogenetic activation of these cells, has provided evidence that certain memories are stored, in part, in a sparse ensemble of neurons in the hippocampus. In previous research, however, engram reactivation has been carried out using open-loop stimulation at fixed frequencies; the relationship between engram neuron reactivation and ongoing network oscillations has not been taken into consideration. To address this concern, we implemented a closed-loop reactivation of engram neurons that enabled phase-specific stimulation relative to theta oscillations in the local field potential in CA1. Using this real-time approach, we tested the impact of activating dentate gyrus engram neurons during the peak (encoding phase) and trough (recall phase) of theta oscillations. Consistent with previously hypothesized functions of theta oscillations in memory function, we show that stimulating dentate gyrus engram neurons at the trough of theta is more effective in eliciting behavioral recall than either fixed-frequency stimulation or stimulation at the peak of theta. Moreover, phase-specific trough stimulation is accompanied by an increase in the coupling between gamma and theta oscillations in CA1 hippocampus. Our results provide a causal link between phase-specific activation of engram cells and the behavioral expression of memory.

La protesta ciudadana adquiere la categoría de acto vandálico donde el anacronismo de la monumentalidad se convierte en un abuso ideológico del espacio público. La visibilidad pública del franquismo provoca una reacción violenta en sectores de la sociedad española que desean eliminar de la memoria colectiva su relato político. El objetivo general de este estudio consiste en explorar el gesto vandálico contra el patrimonio monumental español en la protesta política ciudadana. Este estudio de carácter exploratorio se centra en el acto vandálico sobre la monumentalidad conmemorativa de gran potencia simbólica heredada del franquismo, pero, al mismo tiempo, muestra el efecto del vandalismo sobre el monumento democrático que reivindica la memoria de las víctimas del franquismo en la Guerra Civil y durante la Dictadura. Por ello, abordamos el paisaje ligado a la memoria histórica conformado por aquello que perdura de la monumentalidad franquista y por del conjunto de la monumentalidad democrática: los monumentos levantados durante el primer franquismo en recuerdo a sus caídos, los monumentos del segundo franquismo en los que se omiten los nombres de los mártires, el conjunto monumental simbólico de la etapa democrática en memoria a las víctimas republicanas, represaliados y exiliados y, finalmente, los monumentos a la democracia. En el diseño metodológico hemos recuperado las imágenes de actos vandálicos recogidos por el fotoperiodismo entre 2007 y 2022, periodo entre las dos leyes españolas publicadas en referencia a la Memoria Histórica y Democrática: Ley 52/2007, de 26 de diciembre conocida por “Ley de la Memoria Histórica” y Ley 20/2022 de 19 de octubre, de Memoria Democrática. Se busca la evidencia empírica en el registro de las imágenes que captaron los ataques y sus consecuencias. El análisis se enmarca en los actuales estudios visuales que suman un programa conceptual pluridisciplinar (historia, semiótica, teoría del arte, estética, etc.). Los resultados muestran la complejidad de la significación y la resignificación del patrimonio monumental franquista en España y las características de la movilización ciudadana contra los monumentos relacionados con la Memoria Histórica. La conclusión preferente del estudio afirma que el acto vandálico surge frente a la inoperatividad de las administraciones españolas (municipales, autonómicas o nacionales) en la regeneración urbana de una herencia patrimonial franquista con réplicas combativas populares. Este gesto vandálico de naturaleza ideológica, pese a su ilegalidad, se entiende también como una respuesta insurgente de la ciudadanía contra la contingencia de los contenidos simbólicos del anacronismo visual. Mientras se soluciona su presencia en el espacio público por las autoridades españolas en cumplimiento de la Ley, se ha establecido una guerra de imágenes entre demócratas y reducidos grupos neofascistas alrededor de monumentos y memoriales. El vandalismo como fenómeno visual implica el daño o la destrucción de imágenes, pero esto no siempre implica dejar un vacío. En los resultados se evidencia cómo parte de los actos son utilizados para reemplazar unas imágenes por otras o para imponer la simbología de la ideología de aquel que realiza la acción, dando así muestra del gesto político que conlleva la acción vandálica objeto de este estudio. La agresión a los monumentos levantados en memoria de las víctimas del franquismo evidencia una contienda visual en el espacio público urbano.

The wine industry requires a considerable amount of energy, with an important fraction corresponding to the cooling and ventilation of above-ground aging warehouses. The large investments made in aging facilities can compromise the viability and competitiveness of wineries if their design is not optimized. The objective of this study was to provide guidance for the efficient design of new above-ground warehouses. To this end, multiple construction solutions (structure, envelopes, levels of integration, etc.) were characterized, and their costs and the resulting interior environments were analyzed. The results offer a comprehensive view of potential construction solutions and benchmark price ranges for viable and profitable designs. With a total cost of 300 EUR/m2, an average damping of 98% per day can be achieved. Increasing the costs does not imply better effectiveness. A double enclosure with internal insulation—with or without an air chamber—can achieve excellent results. Greater integration as a result of several enclosures being in contact with other rooms and/or the terrain allows for a high effectiveness to be achieved without air conditioning. Perimeter glazing and ventilation holes can reduce the effectiveness of the construction, resulting in greater instability and a lower damping capacity.

The Farm to Fork (F2F) Strategy, a key initiative of the European Commission under the European Green Deal, strives to make the European Union’s (EU) economy sustainable. Focused on the food system, the F2F Strategy prioritizes sustainability in agriculture, eco-friendly practices, biodiversity preservation, and climate change mitigation. It targets high food safety (FS) and environmental management (EM) standards across the Agri-food Supply Chain (ASC). Addressing sustainability challenges in the wine industry, this study delves into the Wine Value Chain (WVC). Emphasizing the intricate sustainability interplay within the WVC, this study concentrates on FS and EM to ensure the long-term viability of wine production. The primary goal is to create a comprehensive sustainability evaluation method for wineries, incorporating performance indicators from FS and EM components. The methodology involves assessing Food Safety Management Systems (FSMSs), evaluating Environmental Management Systems (EMSs), investigating contamination risks, and synthesizing results into a sustainability matrix. Findings highlight commendable FS practices, such as widespread Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) adoption and underscore the need for increased EM focus. Notable figures include a 76.2% adoption of the HACCP system and 68.8% of wineries implementing an EMS. Performance indicators become critical for sustainability assessment, forming the cornerstone to gauge the industry’s effective sustainability management aligned with the F2F Strategy. This study stresses the holistic integration of FS and EM practices, providing insights into workforce engagement, regulatory compliance, and sustainable objectives. This research offers a tool for evaluating and advancing sustainability in the wine industry culminating in a sustainability matrix.

The consequences of climate change and anthropogenic stressors, such as habitat loss and overexploitation, are threatening the subsistence of species and communities across the planet. Therefore, it is crucial that we analyze the impact of environmental perturbations on the diversity, structure and function of ecosystems. In this study, in silico simulations of biodiversity loss were carried out on the marine food web of Caleta Potter (25 de Mayo/King George Island, Antarctica), where global warming has caused critical changes in the abundance and distribution of benthic and pelagic communities over the last 30 years. We performed species removal, considering their degree and trophic level, and including four different thresholds on the occurrence of secondary extinctions. We examined the impact of extinctions on connectance, modularity and stability of the food web. We found different responses for these properties depending on the extinction criteria used, e.g., large increase in modularity and rapid decrease in stability when the most connected and relatively high-trophic-level species were removed. Additionally, we studied the complexity–stability relationship of the food web, and found two regimes: (1) high sensitivity to small perturbations, suggesting that Potter Cove would be locally unstable, and (2) high persistence to long-range perturbations, suggesting global stability of this ecosystem.

The hippocampus contains neurons that correspond to two partially non-overlapping sets of positive and negative engrams, which may be distinguished by molecular, cellular, and projection-specific features.

Introducción: el servicio de Kinesiología del Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires adoptó la virtualidad para la atención de pacientes durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Se decidió realizar una adaptación transcultural del cuestionario de 17 ítems validado al español de España Telemedicine Satisfaction and Usefulness Questionnaire (TSUQ) para conocer la satisfacción de los pacientes. Métodos: dos investigadores nativos realizaron una adaptación del cuestionario TSUQ al español rioplatense. Participaron pacientes atendidos entre mayo de 2021 y marzo de 2022 que habían realizado al menos cuatro sesiones de TR. Fue evaluada la correlación de la puntuación del instrumento resultante con la de un ítem agregado a modo de criterio externo concurrente. La validación del constructo fue llevada a cabo mediante sendos análisis factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorios. Resultados: obtuvimos 293 cuestionarios (media de edad 57 años, 64 % sexo femenino). Luego de los resultados del AFE (Análisis factorial Exploratorio) (n=101), consensuamos eliminar 5 ítems. El cuestionario resultante (12 ítems) fue luego validado en una nueva muestra (n=192) a través de un AFC (Análisis factorial Confirmatorio). La fiabilidad compuesta, la varianza media extractada y la validez convergente fueron adecuadas, mientras que la validez discriminante fue escasa. Documentamos una moderada correlación (Spearman de 0,35, p < 0,0001) entre el puntaje total del cuestionario y el de la pregunta agregada como criterio externo concurrente de validación y una excelente correlación entre versiones. Conclusión: la versión abreviada del cuestionario TSUQ en español tiene propiedades psicométricas adecuadas, lo que lo vuelve un instrumento valioso para evaluar la satisfacción de los pacientes que realizan Tele-Rehabilitación.

The G-quadruplex consensus motif G≥3NxG≥3NxG≥3NxG≥3 is found at telomeres of many species, ranging from yeast to plants to humans, but the biological significance of this fact remains largely unknown. In this study, we examine the in vivo relevance of telomeric G-quadruplexes in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae by expressing a mutant telomerase RNA sub- unit (tlc1-tm) that introduces mutant [(TG)0–4TGG]xATTTGG telomeric repeats instead of wild-type (TG)0-6TGGGTGTG(G)0-1 repeats to the distal ends of telo- meres. The tlc1-tm telomere sequences lack the GGG motif present in every wild-type repeat and, therefore, are expected to be impaired in the formation of G-quadruplexes. Circular dichroism analysis of oligonucleotides consisting of tlc1-tm telomeric sequence is consistent with this hypothesis. We have previously shown that tlc1-tm cells grow similarly to wild-type cells, suggest- ing that the ability to form telomeric G-quadruplexes is not essential for te- lomere capping in S. cerevisiae cells.

Abstract This study aimed to assess the ultrapure cannabidiol (CBD) antibacterial activity and to investigate the antibacterial activity of the combination CBD + polymyxin B (PB) against Gram-negative (GN) bacteria, including PB-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (GNB). We used the standard broth microdilution method, checkerboard assay, and time-kill assay. CBD exhibited antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, lipooligosaccharide (LOS)-expressing GN diplococcus (GND) (Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis, Moraxella catarrhalis), and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but not against GNB. For most of the GNB studied, our results showed that low concentrations of PB (≤ 2 µg/mL) allow CBD (≤ 4 µg/mL) to exert antibacterial activity against GNB (e.g., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii), including PB-resistant GNB. CBD + PB also showed additive and/or synergistic effect against LOS-expressing GND. Time-kill assays results showed that the combination CBD + PB leads to a greater reduction in the number of colony forming units per milliliter compared to CBD and PB alone, at the same concentration used in combination, and the combination CBD + PB was synergistic for all four PB-resistant K. pneumoniae isolates evaluated. Our results show that CBD has translational potential and should be further explored as a repurposed antibacterial agent in clinical trials. The antibacterial efficacy of the combination CBD + PB against multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant GNB, especially PB-resistant K. pneumoniae, is particularly promising.

Wild animals´ illegal or prohibited trade is a global problem and constitutes a serious risk to threatened and endangered species. The research was carried out in Niceto Pérez municipality, Río Frío locality in Guantánamo province. The objective was to determine the species of wild birds that are illegally traded and their abundance in the municipality. A total of 95 surveys were applied to people involved in poaching for various purposes. A total of 16 most traded species in the municipality were identified during the period from November 2018 to May 2019. 15 census routes of four m wide by 1 000 m long for a total of 6 ha were surveyed, within which ten counting points were established in each one, with a distance from each other of 100 m. All birds seen or heard during ten minutes were inventoried. As a result of the inventory, 20 bird species were counted, grouped into six orders, 15 families and 21 genera. The order Passeriformes was the most representative, 62 % were permanent residents; of these, only six species coincided with those reported in the surveys as illegally hunted. It was found that, there are significant differences in the areas studied between the months monitored, especially in those that coincide with the reproductive period of the species.

Mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 genome can alter the virus’ fitness, leading to the emergence of variants of concern (VOC). In Brazil, the Gamma variant dominated the pandemic in the first half of 2021, and from June onwards, the first cases of Delta infection were documented. Here, we investigate the introduction and dispersal of the Delta variant in the RS state by sequencing 1077 SARS-CoV-2-positive samples from June to October 2021. Of these samples, 34.7% were identified as Gamma and 65.3% as Delta. Notably, 99.2% of Delta sequences were clustered within the 21J lineage, forming a significant Brazilian clade. The estimated clock rate was 5.97 × 10−4 substitutions per site per year. The Delta variant was first reported on 17 June in the Vinhedos Basalto microregion and rapidly spread, accounting for over 70% of cases within nine weeks. Despite this, the number of cases and deaths remained stable, possibly due to vaccination, prior infections, and the continued mandatory mask use. In conclusion, our study provides insights into the Delta variant circulating in the RS state, highlighting the importance of genomic surveillance for monitoring viral evolution, even when the impact of new variants may be less severe in a given region.

This study determines the viability and profitability of photovoltaic (PV) mounting structures on industrial roofs. For this purpose, more than 656,000 different cases have been analyzed, combining different consumption patterns, energy prices, locations, inclinations, azimuths, capacity installed, and excess income. The results show that the industry’s consumption pattern is a key factor, leading to significant reductions in the available assembly budget for inclined structures compared to the coplanar option when the pattern is seasonal and/or irregular. The increase in energy prices experienced in the last 2 years represents a substantial change in the viability of the structures. The budget for inclined structures increases by hundreds of euros compared to the coplanar option. Depending on the azimuth and inclination of the roof, the maximum available budget can vary by more than a thousand euros per kWp, being highly profitable in orientations close to the east and west and on roofs partially inclined to the north. Differences between low-irradiation and high-irradiation locations can mean variations in the average budget of more than 1 k€/kWp, especially with high electricity prices.

The role of the agrifood industry is key to mitigating the impact of climate change, as it is one of the industrial sectors with the highest energy consumption. The optimisation of photovoltaic systems in agroindustries faces problems such as the fluctuation of energy prices or the evident seasonal nature of some producers. This paper provides a global view of the profitability and optimal sizing of photovoltaic (PV) systems in the new energy context. For this purpose, almost 4 million cases were analysed, including different consumption patterns, energy prices, etc. Some general conclusions can be drawn from the results. First, the adaptation to the new context requires adjustments in the sizing of PV systems in all industries analysed, which is also associated with changes in the return on investment. Second, seasonality strongly conditions the optimal size of PV installations, the return on the investment and the potential savings. Finally, in the face of future energy price variations, the ratio “Savings/payback” seems to be an appropriate reference for sizing, combining savings and profitability. In addition, they may justify special subsidies to seasonal industries. The conclusions of this paper should be considered to optimise the design of PVs.

The trophic ecology of the Pelagic Thresher shark (Alopias pelagicus) was evaluated based on chemical ecology using stable isotope ratios of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) in the vertebrae and muscles. Individuals were caught between August 2013 and October 2019 on both the coasts of Baja California Sur, Mexico. In Bahía Tortugas, the mean vertebrae (n = 35) values were 12.72 ± 1.06‰ (δ15N) and −14.79 ± 0.61‰ (δ13C), while in muscles (n = 32) these values were 16.63 ± 0.76‰ (δ15N) and −17.18 ± 0.39‰ (δ13C). In Santa Rosalía, the mean vertebrae (n = 125) isotopic values were 14.4 ± 1.59‰ (δ15N) and −14.18 ± 0.51‰ (δ13C), while in muscles (n = 43), these values were 18.08 ± 0.96‰ (δ15N) and −16.43 ± 0.34‰ (δ13C). These results show higher δ15N values in Santa Rosalía as an effect of baseline isotopic differences between the two regions, whereas the δ13C values were lower in Bahía Tortugas, suggesting offshore ecological behavior (p < 0.05). In Santa Rosalía, there were significant differences by sex for δ15N in muscle, whereas the δ13C showed ontogenetic shifts, indicating that neonates feed in coastal areas more commonly than juveniles or adults (p < 0.05). Neither sex nor ontogenetic differences were observed in Bahía Tortugas (p > 0.05), suggesting a high overlap between their isotopic niches. Therefore, Alopias pelagicus uses the same ecological niche throughout its life, and there is consistency between sexes. The mean trophic position for both tissues and regions was 4.5, which corresponds to a tertiary predator, without any differences between stages or sex. Due to their higher energetic needs, juveniles and females showed the greatest isotopic niche amplitude; thus, their ecological niche is the widest.

AbstractIn Saccharomyces cerevisiaecdc13-2MEC1cdc13-2cdc13-2

Abstract In biologically diverse ecosystems, an essential process to support competing species to coexist is ecological differentiation. Habitat heterogeneity is, hence, important in establishing species abundance and richness, favoring the coexistence of species due to habitat partition. In this context, shading and species thermal tolerance can be good factors to elucidate the role of habitat heterogeneity in the habitat partition among closely related species. Herein, we study shading effects in microhabitat selection, behavior, and physiological limitation on two species of fiddler crabs (Leptuca leptodactyla and Leptuca uruguayensis). Indeed, shading conditions influenced fiddler crabs species proportion over time, with L. leptodactyla more associated with nonshaded/warmer areas while the L. uruguayensis to shaded/cooler ones. They also adjusted their behavior differently from each other to deal with thermal stress. Finally, we have demonstrated that these effects are related to species' physiological limitations. We conclude that biologically diverse ecosystems, such as intertidal regions from estuaries (e.g., mudflats and mangroves), support the coexistence between closely related species by reducing competition due to habitat partition.

The rough endoplasmic reticulum (r-ER) is of paramount importance for adaptive responses to biotic stresses due to an increased demand for de novo synthesis of immunity-related proteins and signaling components. In nucleate cells, disturbance of r-ER integrity and functionality leads to the “unfolded protein response” (UPR), which is an important component of innate plant immune signalling. In contrast to an abundance of reports on r-ER responses to biotic challenges, sieve-element endoplasmic reticulum (SE-ER) responses to phytoplasma infection have not been investigated. We found that morphological SE-ER changes, associated with phytoplasma infection, are accompanied by differential expression of genes encoding proteins involved in shaping and anchoring the reticulum. Phytoplasma infection also triggers an increased release of bZIP signals from the (SE-ER)/r-ER and consequent differential expression of UPR-related genes. The modified expression patterns seem to reflect a trade-off between survival of host cells, needed for the phytoplasmic biotrophic lifestyle, and phytoplasmas. Specialized plasmodesmata between sieve element and companion cell may provide a corridor for transfer of phytoplasma effectors inducing UPR-related gene expression in companion cells.

IntroductionSound localization relies on the neural processing of binaural and monaural spatial cues generated by the physical properties of the head and body. Hearing loss in one ear compromises binaural computations, impairing the ability to localize sounds in the horizontal plane. With appropriate training, adult individuals can adapt to this binaural imbalance and largely recover their localization accuracy. However, it remains unclear how long this learning is retained or whether it generalizes to other stimuli.MethodsWe trained ferrets to localize broadband noise bursts in quiet conditions and measured their initial head orienting responses and approach-to-target behavior. To evaluate the persistence of auditory spatial learning, we tested the sound localization performance of the animals over repeated periods of monaural earplugging that were interleaved with short or long periods of normal binaural hearing. To explore learning generalization to other stimulus types, we measured the localization accuracy before and after adaptation using different bandwidth stimuli presented against constant or amplitude-modulated background noise.ResultsRetention of learning resulted in a smaller initial deficit when the same ear was occluded on subsequent occasions. Each time, the animals’ performance recovered with training to near pre-plug levels of localization accuracy. By contrast, switching the earplug to the contralateral ear resulted in less adaptation, indicating that the capacity to learn a new strategy for localizing sound is more limited if the animals have previously adapted to conductive hearing loss in the opposite ear. Moreover, the degree of adaptation to the training stimulus for individual animals was significantly correlated with the extent to which learning extended to untrained octave band target sounds presented in silence and to broadband targets presented in background noise, suggesting that adaptation and generalization go hand in hand.ConclusionsTogether, these findings provide further evidence for plasticity in the weighting of monaural and binaural cues during adaptation to unilateral conductive hearing loss, and show that the training-dependent recovery in spatial hearing can generalize to more naturalistic listening conditions, so long as the target sounds provide sufficient spatial information.

Abstract Protected areas serve as population strongholds for many large carnivores, with multi‐use landscapes along their borders forming the front‐lines of wildlife conservation. Understanding large carnivore population dynamics within working landscapes is difficult where anthropogenic mortality is high and unregulated. This study focused on working ranches, where killing jaguars (Panthera onca) and their prey was prohibited, to gain insight into jaguar population potential across multi‐use landscapes. Faced with forest fragmentation, presence of domestic livestock, and dynamic land‐use practices, we expected jaguar populations in working landscapes to be predominantly male and transient, with low cub production, and inflated population densities in remnant forest patches, versus protected areas where we expected native forest habitat and stable jaguar territories. Using camera traps and spatial‐capture recapture analyses, we observed that male jaguars demonstrated larger‐scale movements and were more detectable than females (0.07 ± 0.01 SE vs. 0.02 ± 0.01 SE) in both working and protected landscapes. Female jaguars in ranches traveled farther than females in parks. Carnivore density increased with forest cover and wild prey activity, decreased with domestic prey activity, and was marginally higher in ranches (4.08 individuals/100 km2 ± 0.73 SE) than in parks (3.59 individuals/100 km2 ± 0.64 SE). Females outnumbered males in both landscapes (2.20–2.60 females/100 km2 vs. ~1.60 males/100 km2), although local male density reached up to 11.00 males/100 km2 in ranches (vs. 3.50 males/100 km2 in parks). While overall jaguar density was patchier in protected areas (x̿ = 0.69 parks, 0.54 ranches), inter‐annual patchiness was higher within ranches (Moran's I = 0.49–0.60 ranches, 0.69–0.70 parks), reflecting changes in cattle management. Despite major habitat alterations, working landscapes can support carnivore densities equivalent to (or exceeding that of) unmodified forest habitat, provided that wildlife‐tolerant ranching practices are maintained.

O propósito geral do presente texto consiste em investigar os impasses teórico-especulativos ocasionados pela ontologia da música no que se refere ao reconhecimento das qualidades estéticas à luz da prática musical. Para tanto, conta-se explorar três horizontes hermêuticos distintos: o assim chamado "platonismo musical", a estética decorrente do criticismo e a edificação poética tributária do romantismo musical.

Abstract Conservation of carnivores involves finding solutions to minimize habitat loss and human-wildlife conflict. Understanding the nature of land-use economics can allow us to mitigate both threats. In the Pantanal, the two main economic activities are cattle ranching and ecotourism, each of which directly and indirectly affect the persistence of jaguars (Panthera onca). To understand how the geography of these economic activities is related to jaguar populations, we developed a jaguar distribution model (JDM), livestock density model, and ecotourism lodge density model for the Pantanal. Due to the recent wildfires within the Pantanal, we also assess the impact of burnt areas that are suitable for jaguars, cattle ranching, and tourism. Our JDM indicate that 64% of the Pantanal holds suitable habitat for jaguars. However, jaguar habitat suitability was positively correlated with ecotourism, but negatively correlated with areas most suitable for intensive cattle-ranching. This demonstrates a biome-wide scenario compatible with jaguar conservation. Of particular concern, recent wildfires overlap most suitable areas for jaguars. If wildfires become increasingly frequent, this would represent a serious threat to jaguars and many other wildlife populations. We emphasize the global importance of the Pantanal wetland ecoregion as a key stronghold for long-term jaguar conservation.

NEW HYBRID NANOSTRUCTURED ADSORBENT TYPE AMINE/KIT-6 FOR CO2 CAPTURE. The present work functionalized KIT-6 mesoporous material with aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS) and tested its efficiency in CO2 capture. The KIT-6 material was synthesized by hydrothermal method and functionalized via excess solvent in APTMS concentrations of 5 and 15% to obtain the hybrid adsorbents. All adsorbent materials were characterized by XRD, TGA/DTGA, DSC, N2 adsorption/desorption, SEM and applied in the CO2 capture, varying the temperature and pressure. The KIT-6 mesoporous structure at the hybrid adsorbents was kept. Variations in textural properties denoted that the organic molecules were incorporated in mesoporous structure. In the experiments, both chemisorption and physisorption were observed, reaching the best values at 25 ºC, indicating that the temperature influences the adsorption process. The experiments showed adsorbed amounts of up to 0.8 mmol/g at atmospheric pressure, displaying the efficiency of the chemisorption provided by the CO2 interaction with the hybrid adsorbents. At high pressures, a predominance of physisorption was observed, demonstrating a better performance for the KIT-6 support, due to the superior textural properties. Finally, a well-ordered and functional hybrid adsorbent was successfully developed for the adsorption of carbon dioxide.

El presente texto sintetiza las novedosas metodologías de registro, así como el modo de elaboración de materiales de divulgación, puestos en marcha en el proyecto de la Cobertoria, orientado al estudio de los paisajes megalíticos del área centro-occidental asturiana. Las dos líneas de trabajo preferentes son, en la actualidad, la excavación de sitios de especial interés, como el dolmen de la Cobertoria, y la actualización del catálogo de túmulos prehistóricos de todo el concejo de Salas. Durante la primera, se reunió un registro tridimensional a través de técnicas fotogramétricas y se realizaron dos vuelos de dron sobre la estructura megalítica, en 2016 y 2019, que permitieron el montaje de varios modelos 3D que ya están disponibles en web. Además, dos aproximaciones y dos visitas (ambas virtuales) a las necrópolis de San Juan y Penausén completan el lote de materiales empleados para el análisis del paisaje arqueológico, sirviendo también de itinerarios virtuales por estos lugares.

Introdução: a importância das manifestações neuropsicológicas como meio de identificar a presença do HIV-1 no sistema nervoso central. Objetivos: avaliar a possível relação entre o HIV-1 no Sistema Nervoso Central (SNC), mecanismo patológico, proteção do SNC e alterações neu-ropsicológicas cognitivas; Identificar a existência ou falta de sintomas neuropsicológicos e sua importância com a presença do HIV-1 no SNC. Metodos: revisão sistemática de mais de 100 artigos recentemente publicados na literatura médica nacional e internacional via PubMed, referentesaos mecanismos biológicos e patológicos relacionados ao HIV-1 no SNC e as funções neuropsicológicas. Foram estabelecidas correlações entre osaspectos biológicos, patológicos, neuropsicológicos e questões controversas de importância clínica em pacientes infectados pelo HIV-1. Resultados: a maioria dos trabalhos selecionados supõe que o HIV-1 entra precocemente no SNC, que é imunologicamente privilegiado, no curso da infecção eestabelece-se no cérebro ao longo da vida. A via principal de entrada do HIV-1 no cérebro ocorre pelo influxo aumentado de monócitos infectados no SNC. A lesão direta do neurônio cerebral pode ocorrer pela ação de várias proteínas virais como Tat, gp120, Vpr. Em tal situação, a interação diretade proteínas do HIV-1 destrói os neurônios sem qualquer papel intermediário das células gliais. A lesão indireta pode ser a forma mais freqüente emque vários produtos difusíveis dos monócitos ativados, macrófagos, astrócitos e micróglias induzem o processo de morte de neurônios inespecíficos, inocentes e presentes no local. Contrastando com a maioria dos trabalhos publicados, há evidências de que apontam um papel protetor do HIV-1 queativando astrócitos e micróglias preservam a função cognitiva promovendo proteção neuronal. Discussão: os resultados desta revisão sistemáticamostram que o HIV-1 no cérebro pode promover diferentes graus de alterações neuropsicológicas, dependendo da interação do HIV-1 no SNC. No caso de ataque direto do HIV-1 ao neurônio cerebral (neurotoxidade direta), graves alterações neuropsicológicas cognitivas poderiam certamenteocorrer. No caso de neurotoxidade em que monócitos infiltrados, macrófagos, micróglia e astrócitos produzem várias citoquinas, quimiocinas, aminoácidos, proteínas HIV-1 e outros produtos difusíveis, os neurônios podem ser lesados ou morrer dependendo da intensidade da agressão inicial. Asmanifestações cognitivas neuropsicológicas podem ser leves, moderadas ou graves dependendo da intensidade do dano cerebral. No caso de ausênciade sintomas cognitivos na infecção HIV-1 do cérebro, algumas evidências publicadas na literatura mostram um possível papel neuroprotetor de citoquinas, como o TNF produzido pelos monócitos infiltrados e células gliais. Conclusão: os testes neuropsicológicos podem ser importantes para a avaliação prognóstica e o tratamento adequado da infecção HIV-1 do SNC e para a determinação do curso clínico do paciente. Distúrbios neuropsicológicos podem funcionar como marcadores de agressão de proteção para o SNC infectado pelo HIV-1. A atividade viral do HIV-1 no SNC pode serinferida a partir das alterações neuropsicológicas encontradas.