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Melanoma of the urogenital tract is extremely rare, accounting for less than 0.1% of melanoma cases. The global literature currently describes only 220 cases of penile melanoma, most commonly located on the glans penis. Results Penile melanoma accounts for 0.7% of penile cancers and 0.18% of melanoma cases. The average patient age for the six cases we reviewed was 44.5 years. Three of these cases (50%) involved ulceration, one case (16.7%) involved lymphovascular invasion, and three cases (50%) involved mitosis ≥ 1 mm2 (0.38–4.7 mm). The average depth of invasion (Breslow) in the five cases that reported this measure was 2.1 mm (0.38–4.7 mm). Applying the American Joint Committee on Cancer tumour, node, metastases (AJCC TNM) staging system, one case was Tx (16.7%), two cases were T1 (33.3%), one case was T2 (16.7%), one case was T3 (16.7%), and one case was T4 (16.7%). Five cases (83.3%) involved wide local resection, and only one case involved partial penile amputation. Four cases (66.7%) involved primary bilateral inguinocrural lymphadenectomy, and only one of those four cases involved lymphatic metastatic disease. One case (16.7%) involved lymphatic recurrence at 12 months in a patient who survived 38 months. One case (16.7%) involved local recurrence at 13 months in a patient who has survived 53 months. Eighty per cent of these patients remain alive, with no evidence of disease after an average follow-up of 96.7 months. Conclusion Penile melanoma prognosis depends on the initial clinical stage of the disease. The risk of lymphatic involvement seems to be related to the same risk factors used to assess cutaneous melanoma. Clinicians can thus assess penile melanoma using the AJCC staging system. The use of sentinel lymph node biopsy to determine staging is also becoming more common and could replace prophylactic bilateral inguinal dissection.

El “síndrome de cascanueces” es una causa rara de hematuria macroscópica persistente del riñón izquierdo, fue descrito por primera vez en 1972 por DeSchepper como la compresión de la vena renal izquierda en la bifurcación formada a la salida de la arteria mesentérica superior en la aorta, produciendo hipertensión de la vena renal y hematuria macroscópica(1,2,3). La compresión de la vena renal izquierda es producida comúnmente por anomalías vasculares, primariamente de naturaleza venosa como: vena renal izquierda retroaortica, vena cava inferior izquierda persistente, vena renal izquierda circumaortico y otras anomalías de la vena renal izquierda (4). También, arterias renales aberrantes y variaciones en el origen y trayecto de la arteria gonadal izquierda, han sido sugeridas como mecanismos de hipertensión de la vena renal izquierda (5,6). Otra teoría postula que la ptosis posterior del riñón izquierdo puede producir estrechamiento y compresión de la vena renal izquierda sobre la aorta, con la consecuente hipertensión de la vena, (7).

Objetivo: Determinar si la lomefloxacina administrada en una dosis diaria es comparable en sus resultados al uso de la norfloxacina administrada en dosis convencional, ambas por cuatro semanas. Material y métodos: Se estudiaron dos series de 20 pacientes con el diagnóstico de prostatitis bacteriana crónica (documentada por el método de Meares y Stamey), a quienes se les administró por cuatro semanas, en estudio doble ciego y en forma aleatoria, lomefloxacina 400 mg por día, más placebo (Grupo L), ó norfloxacina 400 mg dos veces al día (Grupo N). A todos los pacientes se les realizó una visita (seguimiento bacteriológico) a la segunda semana durante el tratamiento (V2). Asimismo, a las dos (V3), nueve (V4) y veinticuatro semanas (V5) de concluido el tratamiento. Resultados: En V2, V3, V4 y V5 del Grupo L, los cultivos de la secreción prostática fueron negativos en 1/20 (5%), 13/20 (65%), 14/19 (74%) y 11/17 (65%); al igual, también resultaron negativos los del Grupo N en 1/20 (5%), 12/20 (60%), 13/18 (72%) y 9/16 (56%). Las diferencias no fueron estadísticamente significativas. Conclusión: El tratamiento con norfloxacina en dos dosis diarias, es absolutamente comparable con el de la lomefloxacina en una sola dosis diaria, habiéndose obtenido una negativización del cultivo de la secreción prostática de 60 y 65 por ciento respectivamente, valores comparables a los mejores resultados informados en la literatura médica. ( Rev Med Hered 1999; 10:90-95 ). Objective: To determine the effects of lomefloxacin (L) once a day treatment on chronic bacterial prostatitis as compared with norfloxacin (N) conventional treatment. Both, were tested during four weeks. Material and methods: A double blind, random study was design. Two groups of 20 patients, lomefloxacin and norfloxacin groups, all of them diagnosed as chronic bacterial prostatitis documented by Meares and Stamey method were performed. Group L received lomefloxacin 400 mg plus placebo in a second dose; group N received norfloxacin 400 mg twice a day. All patients were follow up on the second week of treatment (V2), two (V3), nine (V4) and 24 weeks after finished the treatment. Results: Group L: on V2, V3, V4 and V5 the prostatic secretion cultures were negative on 1/20 (5%), 13/20 (65%), 14/19 (74%) and 11/17 (65%), respectively. Group N: on V2, V3, V4 and V5 the prostatic secretion cultures were negatives on 1/20 (5%), 12/20 (60%), 13/18 (72%) and 9/16 (56%) respectively. No statistical differences between groups were founded. Conclusion: Norfloxacin administered twice a day was comparable with lomefloxacin treatment administered in a one-dose basis. The above statement is based on the fact that the prostatic secretion culture were negative in 60 and 65%, respectively. These values are comparable to results reported by otjers studies. ( Rev Med Hered 1999; 10:90-95 ).