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Habitat fragmentation can promote patches of small and isolated populations, gene flow disruption between those populations, and reduction of local and total genetic variation. As a consequence, these small populations may go extinct in the long-term. The ocelot (Leopardus pardalis), originally distributed from Texas to southern Brazil and northern Argentina, has been impacted by habitat fragmentation throughout much of its range. To test whether habitat fragmentation has already induced genetic differentiation in an area where this process has been documented for a larger felid (jaguars), we analyzed molecular variation in ocelots inhabiting two Atlantic Forest fragments, Morro do Diabo (MD) and Iguaçu Region (IR). Analyses using nine microsatellites revealed mean observed and expected heterozygosity of 0.68 and 0.70, respectively. The MD sampled population showed evidence of a genetic bottleneck under two mutational models (TPM = 0.03711 and SMM = 0.04883). Estimates of genetic structure (FST = 0.027; best fit of k = 1 with STRUCTURE) revealed no meaningful differentiation between these populations. Thus, our results indicate that the ocelot populations sampled in these fragments are still not significantly different genetically, a pattern that strongly contrasts with that previously observed in jaguars for the same comparisons. This observation is likely due to a combination of two factors: (i) larger effective population size of ocelots (relative to jaguars) in each fragment, implying a slower effect of drift-induced differentiation; and (ii) potentially some remaining permeability of the anthropogenic matrix for ocelots, as opposed to the observed lack of permeability for jaguars. The persistence of ocelot gene flow between these areas must be prioritized in long-term conservation planning on behalf of these felids.

Introdução: Sabemos que imunossuprimidos têm maior risco de desenvolvimento de formas graves de COVID-19, o que impacta na população PVHIV, em especial em SIDA ou naqueles sem tratamento. Também sabemos que essa população tem maiores chances de desenvolvimento de comorbidades, algumas relacionadas ao aumento desse risco. Reinfecções em COVID-19 são bem descritas, mas ainda temos discrepâncias epidemiológicas do perfil delas, em especial em PVHIV. Objetivo: O objetivo é do relato é documentar um caso de reinfecção por SARS-CoV-2 em PVHIV pela mesma linhagem viral e através disso reiterar a importância de traçar o perfil de reinfecções nessa população para desenvolvimento de políticas públicas de saúde, visando atenuar o curso e morbimortalidade destas doenças e otimizar as medidas de prevenção. Método: Foi realizado o relato de caso através de dados clínicos de prontuário e sequenciamento de nova geração dos RT-PCRs realizados no paciente, além de revisão de literatura. Resultados: Masculino, 26 anos, PVHIV por transmissão vertical em SIDA, tratamento irregular, histórico de diversas infecções oportunistas (criptosporidíase, pneumocistose, CMV), DRC em TSR-HD devido GESF por HIV; apresentou quadro de infecção por SARS-CoV-2 em março/2021 pela variante P1 (gamma- identificada por sequenciamento de nova geração), quadro leve com sintomas como ageusia, mialgia, anosmia e tosse iniciados 5 dias antes da coleta RT-PCR COVID. Apresentou melhora clínica e após 6 meses, dentre outras intercorrências não relacionadas ao episódio, reinfecção por COVID19; novamente quadro brando, com tosse e coriza em setembro/2021, confirmado novamente P1. Conclusão: A ausência de um consenso sobre a definição de reinfecção em nível mundial traz diferentes resultados sobre a frequência dessas em estudos que temos sobre o tema, inclusive alguns autores questionam a diferença entre eliminação de partículas virais (viral shedding) e nova infecção. Em especial em imunossuprimidos, esse questionamento é bastante válido, devido aos relatos de PCRs persistentemente positivos. No caso supracitado, o intervalo foi de 6 meses e o paciente teve melhora clínica e um novo episódio cronologicamente estabelecido, seguindo os critérios de reinfecção do CDC e ECDC. Destaca-se a importância da reinfecção ter sido pela mesma linhagem viral, ressaltando a necessidade de mais estudos de reinfecção por COVID-19 em PVHIV, visto o maior risco de COVID-19 grave na população em SIDA, naqueles sem tratamento do HIV ou naqueles com diversas comorbidades associadas.

PurposeMethylene blue (MB) has been used to increase blood pressure in patients with septic shock by acting on guanylate cyclase and nitric oxide synthase.ObjectiveTo determine whether the administration of MB to patients in the initial phase of septic shock leads to a reduction in the use of vasopressors compared to the Control group.MethodsThis was a 1:1 randomized clinical trial of two groups (MB and Control). Forty-two patients were included in the present study; 23 patients were allocated to the Control group, and 19 were randomized to the MB group. Both groups had access to standard treatment, consisting of fluid replacement, vasopressors, and antibiotic therapy. Patients received a loading dose of MB (3 mg/kg) and maintenance (0.5 mg/kg/h) for 48 h. Vasopressor doses, laboratory test results, inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels, and hemodynamic monitoring were recorded before the infusion of MB (T1) and after 20 min (T2), 2 h (T3), 24 h (T4), 48 h after the infusion started (T5) and 24 h after weaning (T6).ResultsMB therapy was started together with the indication of vasopressin (VAS) as a second vasopressor. The MB group showed an immediate reduction in NOR dosage, an earlier reduction in VAS dosage, and higher IL-10 levels compared to the Control group.ConclusionEarly administration of MB in combination with standard treatment for septic shock might be reduce vasopressors dose. Continuous infusion of MB for 48 h was considered safe and there was no adverse events. These results highlight the potential of MB as a safe adjuvant therapeutic option in the treatment of septic shock.Clinical trial registrationhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/, identifier RBR-96584w4.

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to determine the frequency of anti-Neospora caninum antibody detection in three samples and sampling methods: A prevalence study, routine diagnostic laboratory samples, and fetal bovine serum samples. These samples were collected from cattle in Rio Grande do Sul (RS), southern Brazil, and analyzed using the indirect immunofluorescence reaction technique. For each sampling method, a historical study was used as a reference for comparison. In the prevalence study, 1,248 serum samples were collected from 2020 to 2022. The prevalence of N. caninum in the RS state was 22.8% (285/1248). This figure was statistically different compared to previous studies conducted in 2002, which reported a prevalence of 11.2% (p

Abstract Brazil is recognized for its biodiversity and the genetic variability of its organisms. This genetic variability becomes even more valuable when it is properly documented and accessible. Understanding bacterial diversity through molecular characterization is necessary as it can improve patient treatment, reduce the length of hospital stays and the selection of resistant bacteria, and generate data for health and epidemiological surveillance. In this sense, in this study, we aimed to understand the biodiversity and molecular epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant bacteria in clinical samples recovered in the state of Rondônia, located in the Southwest Amazon region. Retrospective data from the Central Public Health Laboratories (LACEN/RO) between 2018 and 2021 were analysed using the Laboratory Environment Manager Platform (GAL). Seventy-two species with carbapenem resistance profiles were identified, of which 25 species carried at least one gene encoding carbapenemases of classes A (bla KPC-like), B (bla NDM-like, bla SPM-like or bla VIM-like) and D (bla OXA-23-like, bla OXA-24-like, bla OXA-48-like, bla OXA-58-like or bla OXA-143-like), among which we will highlight Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Serratia marcescens, and Providencia spp. With these results, we hope to contribute to the field by providing epidemiological molecular data for state surveillance on bacterial resistance and assisting in public policy decision-making.

Abstract Background Pregnancy-related infections are important contributors to maternal sepsis and mortality. We aimed to describe clinical, microbiological characteristics and use of antibiotics by source of infection and country income, among hospitalized women with suspected or confirmed pregnancy-related infections. Methods We used data from WHO Global Maternal Sepsis Study (GLOSS) on maternal infections in hospitalized women, in 52 low-middle- and high-income countries conducted between November 28th and December 4th, 2017, to describe the frequencies and medians of maternal demographic, obstetric, and clinical characteristics and outcomes, methods of infection diagnosis and causative pathogens, of single source pregnancy-related infection, other than breast, and initial use of therapeutic antibiotics. We included 1456 women. Results We found infections of the genital (n = 745/1456, 51.2%) and the urinary tracts (UTI) (n = 531/1456, 36.5%) to be the most frequent. UTI (n = 339/531, 63.8%) and post-caesarean skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI) (n = 99/180, 55.0%) were the sources with more culture samples taken and microbiological confirmations. Escherichia coli was the major uropathogen (n = 103/118, 87.3%) and Staphylococcus aureus (n = 21/44, 47.7%) was the commonest pathogen in SSTI. For 13.1% (n = 191) of women, antibiotics were not prescribed on the same day of infection suspicion. Cephalosporins (n = 283/531, 53.3%) were the commonest antibiotic class prescribed for UTI, while metronidazole (n = 303/925, 32.8%) was the most prescribed for all other sources. Ceftriaxone with metronidazole was the commonest combination for the genital tract (n = 98/745, 13.2%) and SSTI (n = 22/180, 12.2%). Metronidazole (n = 137/235, 58.3%) was the most prescribed antibiotic in low-income countries while cephalosporins and co-amoxiclav (n = 129/186, 69.4%) were more commonly prescribed in high-income countries. Conclusions Differences in antibiotics used across countries could be due to availability, local guidelines, prescribing culture, cost, and access to microbiology laboratory, despite having found similar sources and pathogens as previous studies. Better dissemination of recommendations in line with antimicrobial stewardship programmes might improve antibiotic prescription.

Abstract Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) pose threats to global health. Effective hand hygiene is essential for preventing HAIs and the spread of AMR in healthcare. We aimed to highlight the recent progress and future directions in hand hygiene and alcohol-based handrub (ABHR) use in the healthcare setting. In September 2023, 42 experts in infection prevention and control (IPC) convened at the 3rd International Conference on Prevention and Infection Control (ICPIC) ABHR Taskforce in Geneva, Switzerland. The purpose of this meeting was to provide a synthesis of recent evidence and formulate a research agenda on four critical areas for the implementation of effective hand hygiene practices: (1) ABHR formulations and hand rubbing techniques, (2) low-resource settings and local production of ABHR, (3) hand hygiene monitoring and technological innovations, and (4) hand hygiene standards and guidelines.

Four-pile caps made from concrete are essential elements for the force transfer from the superstructure to piles or pipes. Due to the difficulties in carrying out full-scale tests and all the instrumentation involved, the use of numerical models as a way to study the mechanical behavior of these elements presents itself as a good alternative. Such numerical studies usually provide useful information for the update and improvement of normative standards and codes. The concrete damaged plasticity (CDP) constitutive model, which combines damage and plasticity with smeared-crack propagation, stands out in the simulation of reinforced concrete. This model is composed of five parameters: dilatation angle (ψ), eccentricity (ϵ), ratio between biaxial and uniaxial compressive strength (σbo/σco), failure surface in the deviator plane normal to the hydrostatic axis (Kc), and viscosity (μ). For unidimensional elements, the values of the CDP parameters are well defined, but for volumetric elements, such as concrete pile caps, there is a gap in the literature regarding the definition of these values. This fact ends up limiting the use of the CDP on these structural elements due to the uncertainties involved. Therefore, the aim of this research was to calibrate two numerical models of concrete four-pile caps with different failure modes for the evaluation of the sensitivity of the CDP parameters, except for ϵ, which remained constant. As a result, the parameters σbo/σco and Kc did not significantly influence the calibration of the force × displacement curves of the simulated structures. Values of ψ and μ equal to 36° and 1 × 10−4, respectively, are recommended for “static” analysis, while for “quasi-static” analysis, ψ values ranging between 45° and 50° are suggested according to the failure mode. The results also showed to be sensitive to the constitutive relation of concrete tensile behavior in both modes of analysis. For geometric parameterization, the “static” analysis is recommended due to the lower coefficient of variation (3.29%) compared to the “quasi-static” analysis (19.18%). This conclusion is supported by the evaluation of the ultimate load of the numerical models from the geometrically parametric study compared to the results estimated by an analytical model.

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic put healthcare professionals, including residents (postgraduate trainees of health professions), under intense physical and psychological stress, hence at risk for mental disorders. We evaluated the prevalence of mental disorders among healthcare residents during the pandemic. Methods From July to September 2020, residents in medicine and other healthcare specialties in Brazil were recruited. The participants completed electronic forms with validated questionnaires (DASS-21, PHQ-9, BRCS) to screen for depression, anxiety, and stress, and to evaluate resilience. Data on potential predisposing factors for mental disorders were also collected. Descriptive statistics, chi-squared, students t, correlation and logistic regression models were applied. The study received ethical approval, and all participants provided informed consent. Results We included 1313 participants (51.3% medical; 48.7% nonmedical) from 135 Brazilian hospitals; mean (SD) age: 27.8 (4.4) years; 78.2% females; 59.3% white race. Of all participants, 51.3%, 53.4% and 52.6% presented symptoms consistent with depression, anxiety, and stress, respectively; 61.9% showed low resilience. Nonmedical residents exhibited higher anxiety compared to medical residents (DASS-21 anxiety score, mean difference: 2.26; 95% CI: 1.15–3.37; p

Heart Rate Variability (HRV) and arterial pressure (AP) variability and their responses to head-up tilt test (HUTT) were investigated in Post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS) patients reporting tachycardia and/or postural hypotension. Besides tachycardia, PCS patients also showed attenuation of the following HRV parameters: RMSSD [square root of the mean of the sum of the squares of differences between adjacent normal-to-normal (NN) intervals] from statistical measures; the power of RR (beat-to-beat interval) spectra at HF (high frequency) from the linear method spectral analysis; occurrence of 2UV (two unlike variation) pattern of RR from the nonlinear method symbolic analysis; and the new family of statistics named sample entropy, when compared to control subjects. Basal AP and LF (low frequency) power of systolic AP were similar between PCS patients and control subjects, while 0 V (zero variation) patterns of AP from the nonlinear method symbolic analysis were exacerbated in PCS patients. Despite tachycardia and a decrease in RMSSD, no parameter of HRV changed during HUTT in PCS patients compared to control subjects. PCS patients reassessed after 6 months showed higher HF power of RR spectra and a higher percentage of 2UV pattern of RR. Moreover, the reassessed PCS patients showed a lower occurrence of 0 V patterns of AP, while the HUTT elicited HR (heart rate) and AP responses identical to control subjects. The HRV and AP variability suggest an autonomic dysfunction with sympathetic predominance in PCS patients. In contrast, the lack of responses of HRV and AP variability indices during HUTT indicates a marked impairment of autonomic control. Of note, the reassessment of PCS patients showed that the noxious effect of COVID-19 on autonomic control tended to fade over time.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) mutations associated with antiviral resistance have become a major problem related to high mortality in kidney transplant patients. The aim of the study was to investigate mutations in the CMV genes UL97 and UL54 associated with antiviral resistance. A retrospective observational cohort study was carried out at Hospital Ophir Loyola (HOL), a reference in Kidney Transplantation. A total of 81 patients who underwent kidney transplantation were followed up between 2016 and 2018 were monitored for CMV viral load by performing qPCR. Sanger sequencing was performed on 66 patients. All CMV-positive kidney transplant recipients were included. Mutations were observed in 15 samples (22.72%) from patients. Most cases involved UL97 mutations. Mutation in UL54 without mutation in UL97 was detected in only 2 cases. Resistance mutations in UL97 were identified, such as M460V, L595S, H520Q, two co-mutations D465R + Del524 and A594P + D413A and a 3 codon deletion (del598-601). The search for mutations in the CMV genes identified mutations that confer resistance to conventional antivirals, such as ganciclovir and cidofovir, used in the treatment of these patients. Confirmation of the association with increased CMV viral load in transplanted patients, due to mutation in resistance genes, requires phenotypic analysis for confirmation purposes. These were the first findings in patients in northern Brazil that we know of.

Nos últimos anos as pessoas têm despertado para a necessidade de uma vida com mais qualidade, que é frequentemente buscada através de alimentação equilibrada aliada a exercícios físicos. Este aspecto vem crescendo tanto entre aqueles que antes só se preocupavam com a estética, quanto nos grupos que teve maior preocupação em relação à saúde. Diante disso, o presente estudo teve como objetivo promover uma avaliação sobre o uso de suplementos alimentares por praticantes de artes marciais. Para tanto, realizou-se um estudo de natureza descritiva e quantitativa com abordagem exploratória. Tendo sido utilizado como ferramenta de coleta de dados um questionário com perguntas objetivas contendo identificação, arte marcial e uso de suplementação. O público-alvo são alunos praticantes de Jiu Jiutsu e Muay Thai em uma academia localizada em Fortaleza-CE. Constatou-se, por meio deste estudo, que menos da metade dos participantes da pesquisa recorrem a profissionais qualificados para receberem a indicação do uso de suplementos alimentares. E que por esta razão podem acabar seguindo uma recomendação errada, tendo em vista que cada organismo é diferente, bem como os treinos e as dietas. Portanto, é ressaltado que somente um profissional qualificado, por meio de avaliação e exames, pode indicar o melhor suplemento e suas quantidades, bem como advertir o usuário sobre os possíveis riscos, preparando-o para um uso consciente do produto.

Abstract Infertility is a worldwide concern, affecting one in six couples throughout their reproductive period. Therefore, enhancing the clinical tools available to identify the causes of infertility may save time, money, and emotional distress for the involved parties. This study aims to annotate potential biomarkers in follicular fluid that are negatively affecting pregnancy outcomes in women suffering infertility-related diseases such as endometriosis, tuboperitoneal factor, uterine factor, and unexplained infertility, using a metabolomics approach through high-resolution mass spectrometry. Follicular fluid samples collected from women who have the abovementioned diseases and managed to become pregnant after in vitro fertilization procedures [control group (CT)] were metabolically compared with those from women who suffer from the same diseases and could not get pregnant after the same treatment [infertile group (IF)]. Mass spectrometry analysis indicated 10 statistically relevant differential metabolites in the IF group, including phosphatidic acids, phosphatidylethanolamines, phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylinositol, glucosylceramides, and 1-hydroxyvitamin D3 3-d-glucopyranoside. These metabolites are associated with cell signaling, cell proliferation, inflammation, oncogenesis, and apoptosis, and linked to infertility problems. Our results indicate that understanding the IF’s metabolic profile may result in a faster and more assertive female infertility diagnosis, lowering the costs, and increasing the probability of a positive pregnancy outcome.

As exigências do futebol, ações de curta duração e alta intensidade, podem resultar em elevação da temperatura corporal devido à elevada demanda metabólica. Adicionalmente, a temperatura ambiente em que a partida está sendo disputada pode aumentar esse estres termorregulatório, influenciando nas distâncias percorridas e no desempenho cardiovascular durante os jogos. Objetivo: Verificar como o ambiente quente e frio influenciam no desempenho físico de jogadores de futebol durante partidas oficiais. Materiais e Métodos: A amostra foi composta por nove jogadores de futebol profissional do sexo masculino, submetidos a análises do percentual de desidratação, distância total percorrida, distância percorrida em alta velocidade e percentual da frequência cardíaca máxima. O Test t de Student pareado foi utilizado para a comparação entre os ambientes na análise da distância total percorrida, distância percorrida em alta velocidade e percentual da frequência cardíaca máxima. A comparação entre os ambientes para a distância percorrida no primeiro vs. segundo tempo de cada jogo, foi realizada através da análise de variância com dois fatores de variação (ANOVA two way). Resultados: A distância percorrida em alta velocidade foi significativamente menor em ambiente quente, enquanto a distância total percorrida e o percentual da frequência cardíaca máxima não apresentaram diferenças estatísticas. Conclusão: O ambiente quente parece influenciar negativamente no desempenho físico para atividades de alta intensidade.

Os estudos sobre os processos de institucionalização de demandas, recursos de atuação, valores e categorias dos movimentos sociais no Estado, bem como das capacidades estatais produzidas nesses processos, têm ganhado cada vez mais destaque, seja na Ciência Política, na Sociologia ou na Antropologia. Diversos conceitos e ferramentas analíticas têm sido desenvolvidos e/ou reatualizados com o objetivo de analisar de maneira complexa os fenômenos correspondentes à institucionalização dos movimentos sociais, notadamente a transformação de suas demandas e projetos em políticas públicas, a institucionalização do acesso de atores de movimentos ao Estado, e o reconhecimento desses atores como intermediários legítimos de determinados grupos sociais. Dentre diversos conceitos e perspectivas analíticas avançadas no debate nos útlimos anos, no país, está aquela centada nos ‘encaixes institucionais’ e ‘domínios de agência’, inscrita na tradição do neoinstitucionalismo histórico e informada por uma perspectiva centrada na mútua constituição entre atores sociais e Estado. A difusão e usos destes conceitos mostraram não apenas ganhos analíticos, mas também ambiguidades, insuficiências e questões não tematizadas na proposta original. O objetivo desta entrevista com os autores dessa abordgem é, à luz das lacunas detectadas em um levantamento de usos na literatura, aprofundar o entendimento teórico da abordagem dos encaixes institucionais e de domínios de agência, e suas possíveis aplicações na pesquisa empírica.

ABSTRACT To simplify the characterization of wood species, the Brazilian standard document ABNT NBR 7190-1 (2022) establishes the determination of mechanical properties employing the characteristic strength in the compression parallel to grain (fc0,k). This mechanical property is estimated using the linear relation given by the following expression fv0,k = 0.12·fc0,k Brazilian and European standard documents support the estimation of fv0,k using relations among properties. However, the European guidelines in the EN 384 (2019) have used the conventional characteristic strength in the static bending test (fM,k). Thus, this study aimed to investigate the efficiency of the ratio fv0,k = 0.12·fc0,k for adopting 30 hardwoods. The variance analysis results demonstrate the divergence among the experimental outcomes and those values estimated using the relation cited. Therefore, regression models at two parameters were considered to obtain more accurate estimates of fv0,k by adopting fc0,k, and fM,k as independent variables. Regarding the results, the geometric (R² = 80.80%) and linear (R² = 74.19%) models were the most accurate for the estimates of fv0,k in terms of fc0,k, and fM,k, respectively. This fact evinces the good accuracy of the models under consideration, which may provide a more rigorous structural design compared to the correlation currently prescribed by the ABNT NBR 7190-1 (2022).

ABSTRACT Background: Cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) requiring hospitalization continue to appear in vulnerable populations, highlighting the importance of novel treatments. The hyperinflammatory response underlies the severity of the disease, and targeting this pathway may be useful. Herein, we tested whether immunomodulation focusing on interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17, and IL-2, could improve the clinical outcomes of patients admitted with COVID-19. Methods: This multicenter, open-label, prospective, randomized controlled trial was conducted in Brazil. Sixty hospitalized patients with moderate-to-critical COVID-19 received in addition to standard of care (SOC): IL-17 inhibitor (ixekizumab 80 mg SC/week) 1 dose every 4 weeks; low-dose IL-2 (1.5 million IU per day) for 7 days or until discharge; or indirect IL-6 inhibitor (colchicine) orally (0.5 mg) every 8 hours for 3 days, followed by 4 weeks at 0.5 mg 2x/day; or SOC alone. The primary outcome was accessed in the “per protocol” population as the proportion of patients with clinical improvement, defined as a decrease greater or equal to two points on the World Health Organization’s (WHO) seven-category ordinal scale by day 28. Results: All treatments were safe, and the efficacy outcomes did not differ significantly from those of SOC. Interestingly, in the colchicine group, all participants had an improvement of greater or equal to two points on the WHO seven-category ordinal scale and no deaths or patient deterioration were observed. Conclusions: Ixekizumab, colchicine, and IL-2 were demonstrated to be safe but ineffective for COVID-19 treatment. These results must be interpreted cautiously because of the limited sample size.

Este artigo analisa a opção dos alunos de um campus agrícola do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Norte de Minas Gerais pelo Ensino Médio Integrado (EMI). A instituição está localizada na Mesorregião Norte de Minas Gerais. A coleta de dados contou com a realização de um grupo focal com oito estudantes do EMI e a aplicação de questionários estruturados a trezentos e sessenta e três alunos desta modalidade de ensino. Constituíram-se como elementos chave deste estudo as seguintes questões: por que os estudantes dos cursos Técnicos Integrados ao Ensino Médio dessa instituição optaram por esta modalidade de ensino? O EMI no campus em questão contempla as necessidades dos jovens para o ingresso no Mundo do Trabalho? Qual o traçado dos perfis desse grupo de indivíduos? Quais são as conexões de seus perfis com os itinerários de sua transição escola-trabalho-universidade? As etapas desta pesquisa (grupo focal e questionário estruturado), aliadas ao referencial teórico, foram essenciais na compreensão do que desejam esses sujeitos e quais são as representações que constroem da instituição e dos cursos.

Abstract This study aimed to assess the ultrapure cannabidiol (CBD) antibacterial activity and to investigate the antibacterial activity of the combination CBD + polymyxin B (PB) against Gram-negative (GN) bacteria, including PB-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (GNB). We used the standard broth microdilution method, checkerboard assay, and time-kill assay. CBD exhibited antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, lipooligosaccharide (LOS)-expressing GN diplococcus (GND) (Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis, Moraxella catarrhalis), and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but not against GNB. For most of the GNB studied, our results showed that low concentrations of PB (≤ 2 µg/mL) allow CBD (≤ 4 µg/mL) to exert antibacterial activity against GNB (e.g., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii), including PB-resistant GNB. CBD + PB also showed additive and/or synergistic effect against LOS-expressing GND. Time-kill assays results showed that the combination CBD + PB leads to a greater reduction in the number of colony forming units per milliliter compared to CBD and PB alone, at the same concentration used in combination, and the combination CBD + PB was synergistic for all four PB-resistant K. pneumoniae isolates evaluated. Our results show that CBD has translational potential and should be further explored as a repurposed antibacterial agent in clinical trials. The antibacterial efficacy of the combination CBD + PB against multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant GNB, especially PB-resistant K. pneumoniae, is particularly promising.

The authors summarize the origin and evolution of the urban “island” of Bela Vista in Porto, Portugal, since the 19th century. Despite local residents mobilizing in the wake of the revolution of April 25th 1974 in the context of the urban housing and design initiative (Local Ambulatory Support Service — Servi?o de Apoio Ambulat?rio Local, SAAL), they were unable to renovate the crumbling neighbourhood. The Residents’ Association, resisting the onslaught of demolition strategies that were driven by real estate interests, eventually managed, with the support from a technical team of architects, social scientists and activists, to mobilize residents and ensure the political commitment of an independent parliamentary candidate in order to rehabilitate the “island” of Bela Vista. The project was also subsequently supported by the Councillors of Culture and Urbanism. Though various quantitative (survey) and qualitative (interviews, life stories) methods were applied in the study, the article highlights and expands on the action-research method opposite to positivist assumptions.

We conducted a prospective cohort study in a population with diverse ethnic backgrounds from Brazil to assess clinically meaningful symptoms after surviving coronavirus disease. For most of the 175 patients in the study, clinically meaningful symptoms, including fatigue, dyspnea, cough, headache, and muscle weakness, persisted for >120 days after disease onset.

Exacerbated inflammatory responses are a hallmark of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Zileuton (Zi) is a selective inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase, an enzyme involved in the production of several inflammatory/pro-resolving lipid mediators. Herein, we investigated the effect of Zi treatment in a severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) model. Mouse hepatitis virus (MHV)3-infected mice treated with Zi significantly improved the clinical score, weight loss, cardiopulmonary function, and survival rates compared with infected untreated animals. The protection observed in Zi-treated mice was associated with a lower inflammatory score, reduced dendritic cell-producing tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and increased neutrophil-producing interleukin (IL)-10 in the lungs three days after infection (dpi). At 5 dpi, the lungs of treated mice showed an increase in Th2-, Treg CD4+-, and Treg CD8+-producing IL-10 and reduced Th1 infiltrating cells. Furthermore, similar results were found upon Zi treatment after SARS-CoV-2 infection in transgenic mice expressing the human angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor driven by the cytokeratin-18 (K18) gene promoter (K18-hACE2), significantly improving the clinical score, weight loss, and lung inflammatory score compared with untreated animals. Our data suggest that Zi protects against developing severe lung disease during SARS induced by betacoronavirus without affecting the host’s capacity to deal with infection.

OBJECTIVE: Residents and workers in long-term care facilities (LTCF) for older adults share the same space, and residents are more susceptible to COVID-19 complications. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies as an indication of previous infection of both residents and workers in LTCFs, as well as associated factors. METHODS: This epidemiological survey was conducted in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil, a medium-sized city. Stratified sampling was performed, with data collected on demographics, health, LTCF protective measures, activities of daily living, and cognition. A serological test was carried out on all selected individuals. RESULTS: The mean resident and worker ages were 80.62 (SD, 9.66) and 37.41 (SD, 12.42) years, respectively. The serological test was positive in 13.33% of the residents, who had 2.91 (SD, 1.28) chronic diseases and used 5.65 (SD, 2.79) medications. Dementia screening was negative in only 11.1%, and only 20% were independent in activities of daily living. The serological test results were positive in 25.93% of the workers, although SARS-CoV-2 had been previously detected in only 6.9%. The LTCF did not perform systematic screening of worker respiratory symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: There was a higher seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 among LTCF workers than residents. Systematic screening of worker symptoms before each shift was not regularly performed. The high prevalence of cognitive changes among LTCF residents can impede adherence to personal protection measures.

Pesticide residues has become a serious environmental concern due to the intensification of agricultural production, its universal use and the risk of contamination. It is an issue that is inserted in the dichotomy between the search for increased food production, waste generation and environmental preservation. There are two main objectives for this work. First, the descriptive analysis of the reverse logistics (RL) of empty pesticide containers (EPCs) as it is practiced under the Campo Limpo system (Brazil) so that the factors enabling its success are identified. Second, the proposal of strategies to improve the collection system. Technical visits and a system dynamics approach were combined, using the Behaviour Over Time graph and a causal loop model to describe the problem and propose strategies. Results indicate three key areas of the Campo Limpo system that can be improved: producer awareness, alternative means of returning containers and data transparency. Small and medium producers are more penalised in the return process due to the lack of information, difficulty in accessing disposal centres and the cost of transportation.

Este artigo traz a experiência da prática libertadora freiriana na concepção do projeto do curso técnico em Vigilância em Saúde integrado ao Ensino Médio, no Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Norte de Minas Gerais, Câmpus Avançado Janaúba. O objetivo é relatar como a prática pedagógica em Paulo Freire é também práxis educativa, uma vez que, mediada pela história, busca a unidade entre o ser humano e o mundo do qual ele faz parte. Resgatar a ideia da prática pedagógica freiriana relacionada ao conceito de práxis e, em consequência, à Educação Profissional integrada ao Ensino Médio, faz-se imperioso, especialmente nesse contexto em que a negação da condição humana, ou da humanidade, está cada vez mais evidente. A discussão do conceito de práxis foi ancorada em Marx (2002), Losurdo (2015), Vásquez (2011), Manacorda (1996), Semeraro (2005) e, principalmente, Gramsci (1975) e Freire (1987). Em um segundo momento, foi apresentada a experiência pedagógica libertadora freiriana no curso técnico em Vigilância em Saúde no Instituto. Por fim, discorreu-se sobre os princípios metodológicos e organizacionais do curso, dando ênfase à sua estrutura curricular baseada na metodologia dos Temas Geradores.

Abstract The objective of this work was to adjust the coefficients of six mathematical models and to identify the one that best represents the drying of flint corn grains in a thin layer. For this purpose, a drying column was developed to obtain experimental data. Nine tests were performed for each model, using the velocities of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 m s-1 at 40, 50, and 60°C, respectively, for drying air. The thin-layer drying models of Lewis, Page, Thompson, Overhults, Brooker, and Midilli were tested. All adjusted models represent the phenomenon of flint corn drying at 5% probability (χ2 test). After adjusted, the models of Page, Midilli, and Overhults are the best ones for drying corn, with a coefficient of determination equal to 1.000 for all tests and errors lower than 1.0%. For the drying conditions of this work, the n parameter of the model of Page does not depend on the velocity and temperature of drying air, while the k parameter depends only on air temperature, which is confirmed by the analysis of variance. The adjusted model of Page can be used with precision for the prediction of thin-layer flint corn drying.

The characterization studies of tailings from mining are crucial for the development of its reuse processes and the reduction of impacts caused by its conditioning on the earth’s surface. This study characterizes the magnetic tailings from phosphate-rock processing using X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and quantitative electron microscopy techniques. Samples were obtained from the magnetic tailings deposit of a mining company in the Alto Paranaíba region, Minas Gerais. The tailings are mainly composed of hematite/magnetite (74.92%), ilmenite (8.91%), fluorapatite (8.8%), anatase (3.07%), calcite (1.67%), goethite (1.62%), and quartz (1.02%). The particle size of the tailings is smaller than that specified for the production of sinter feed. The hematite/magnetite phase is strongly associated with ilmenite and fluorapatite. New stages of comminution and separation are needed due to the low degree of liberation of these minerals for a possible reuse of the components.

Background: Buffalo breeding has significantly increased in Brazil over recent years. However, few genetic evaluations have been conducted. Objective: To assess Genotype x Environment Interactions in the Mediterranean Water Buffalo in Brazil, for weight at 205 days of age, using reaction norm models via random regression. Methods: Data for buffaloes born between 1990 and 2014 were collected from five farms ascribed to the Brazilian Buffaloe Improvement Program, located in the North (1), Northeast (1), South (2) and Southeast (1) regions of Brazil. The initial database consisted of 5,280 observations at 205 days of age (W205). We assessed fit using two hierarchical reaction norm models: a two-step (HRNM2s) and a one-step (HRNM1s). Model fit was estimated using the Deviance Information Criterion, Deviance Based on Bayes Factors and Deviance based on Conditional Predictive Ordinate. The environmental descriptors were created to group individuals into common production environments based on year, season, herd and sex. Results: The best fit was obtained for the hierarchical reaction norm model with one-step (HRNM1s). Direct heritability estimates for this model ranged from 0.17 to 0.67 and the maternal heritability from 0.02 to 0.11 with increasing environmental gradient. Lower correlations among the sire classifications were obtained in comparison with HRNM1s in environments with low and high management, confirming the presence of genotype x environment interactions. Conclusion: We recommend a wider application of genetic evaluation in buffalo aimed at identifying optimal genotypes within specific environments.

Abstract To describe the medium-term ophthalmological findings in patients recovering from COVID-19. Patients recovered from the acute phase of COVID-19 underwent a complete ophthalmological evaluation, including presenting and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), refractometry, biomicroscopy, tonometry, break-up time and Schirmer tests, indirect ophthalmoscopy, color fundus picture, and retinal architecture evaluation using optical coherence tomography. Socio-demographic data and personal medical history were also collected. According to the severity of systemic manifestations, patients were classified into mild-to-moderate, severe, and critical. Sixty-four patients (128 eyes) were evaluated 82 ± 36.4 days after the onset of COVID’s symptoms. The mean ± SD duration of hospitalization was 15.0 ± 10.7 days. Seven patients (10.9%) had mild-to-moderate, 33 (51.5%) severe, and 24 (37.5%) critical disease. Median [interquartile ranges (IQR)] presenting visual acuity was 0.1 (0–0.2) and BCVA 0 (0–0.1). Anterior segment biomicroscopy was unremarkable, except for dry eye disease, verified in 10.9% of them. The mean ± SD intraocular pressure (IOP) in critical group (14.16 ± 1.88 mmHg) was significantly higher than in severe group (12.51 ± 2.40 mmHg), both in the right (p 0.02) and left eyes (p 0.038). Among all, 15.6% had diabetic retinopathy, and two patients presented with discrete white-yellowish dots in the posterior pole, leading to hyporreflective changes at retinal pigment epithelium level, outer segment, and ellipsoid layers. The present study identified higher IOP among critical cases, when compared to severe cases, and discrete outer retina changes 80 days after COVID-19 infection. No sign of uveitis was found.

Abstract Background/objective After wearing powdered gloves, healthcare workers (HCW) are supposed to wash their hands instead of using alcohol-based hand-rub (ABHR). Washing hands takes longer than using ABHR, and the use of powdered gloves may be an obstacle to hand-hygiene compliance. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of replacing powdered gloves with powder-free gloves on hand-hygiene compliance among HCW of an intensive care unit (ICU). Methods A quasi-experimental study was conducted in a general ICU of a tertiary care university hospital in Brazil. From June 1st to July 15th, 2017, all HCW were provided with powdered latex gloves only for all clinical procedures. From July 15th to August 31st, 2017, HCW were provided with nitrile powder-free gloves only. Hand-hygiene compliance was assessed through direct observation, and evaluated according to the World Health Organization Hand Hygiene guidelines. We calculated that a sample size of 544 hand hygiene opportunities needed to be observed per period. Data analysis were performed using the STATA SE® version 14, and we compared the individual’s percentage of compliance using the t test for paired data before and after the intervention. Results Overall, 40 HCW were assessed before and after the introduction of nitrile powder-free gloves, with 1114 and 1139 observations of hand hygiene opportunities, respectively. The proportion of compliance with hand hygiene was 55% (95% confidence interval [CI] 51–59%) using powdered latex gloves and 60% (95% CI 57–63%) using powder-free gloves. The difference in proportions between the two types of gloves was 5.1% (95% CI 2.5–7.6%, p

Objectives: Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection is considered highly endemic in Brazil, especially in low-income areas. In contrast, only a few human cases of hepatitis E have been reported. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and potential risk factors of HAV and hepatitis E virus (HEV) infections in an adult population from a rural township of southeastern Brazil. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey using serum samples from urban and rural residents of Cássia dos Coqueiros, São Paulo state. A total of 990 samples were tested for anti-HAV IgG by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay, and a subset of 248 samples tested for anti-HEV IgG, using two commercial ELISA. Variables associated with anti-HAV and anti-HEV positivity were assessed by a multivariate analysis using a binomial logistic regression model. Results: Seroprevalence of HAV and HEV was 89.1% and 20.7%, respectively. Age was significantly associated with HAV infection. Wantai and Mikrogen ELISA yielded comparable HEV seroprevalence results. Conclusions: Anti-HAV seroprevalence has declined and correlates with age, whereas anti-HEV was significantly higher than that found in previous population-based studies. These results indicate a need for further investigations of the magnitude of HEV infection in Brazil using the currently available, more sensitive diagnostic methods.

O uso da madeira, principalmente se tratando da madeira laminada colada, agrega versatilidade às construções, pois peças mais longas e com seções mais robustas podem ser fabricadas, apresentando boa proteção contra incêndios, além de se tratar de fonte sustentável de matéria-prima. Dentre as estruturas que podem ser construídas a partir da madeira, encontram-se as torres de escalada, comumente encontradas em países europeus. Com o auxílio das normas Eurocode 5 (2004) e ABNT NBR 7190 (1997), o presente trabalho propõe um design e a posterior verificação estrutural de uma torre de escalada constituída de elementos de madeira serrada e colunas em madeira laminada colada, cabendo destacar que as verificações devem respeitar aos estados limites último e de serviço relativos à resistência e à estabilidade, sendo dada ênfase para a verificação de estabilidade neste trabalho, estabelecendo uma comparação geral entre ambos os documentos normativos. Os resultados apontaram para alguns elementos em condição de instabilidade em flexo-compressão, sendo que a norma brasileira se mostrou menos rigorosa quanto a tal verificação.

Contexto: A Peritonite Bacteriana Espontânea (PBE) é uma complicação grave e frequente entre pacientes cirróticos com ascite, diagnosticada por meio da análise citológica do líquido ascítico. A cultura microbiológica do líquido ascítico, por sua vez, é positiva em menos de 40% dos casos de PBE, o que resulta frequentemente na instituição de terapia antimicrobiana inapropriada. A terapia empírica pode ser subótima, aumentando o risco de agravamento do paciente, ou superestimada, impulsionando desnecessariamente a resistência bacteriana. Objetivo: Estudo experimental laboratorial, propôs padronizar e verificar a viabilidade técnica da filtração a vácuo do líquido ascítico, como forma de otimizar o diagnóstico etiológico na PBE, comparativamente ao sistema automatizado de culturas de sangue. Método: O método avaliado e padronizado neste estudo foi a da filtragem a vácuo do líquido ascítico. Esse tem como princípio a concentração da bactéria em uma membrana filtrante. Resultados: Nesse estudo, foram incluídos 36 pacientes cirróticos atendidos em um hospital público universitário, entre 13.11.2017 e 30.06.2019. Entre eles, 47,2% (17/36) apresentaram citologia compatível com PBE. Nesses, a sensibilidade da cultura pelo método semi-automatizado foi de 35,3% (6/17) e da cultura pelo método da filtragem a vácuo foi de 11,8% (2/17). Conclusão: Em conclusão, a filtragem a vácuo não melhora o diagnóstico microbiológico da PBE em relação ao método automatizado.

Summary: Background: Worldwide, healthcare facilities face high and often inappropriate consumption of antimicrobials. However, there are limited antimicrobial stewardship (ASP) studies from low- and middle-income countries that include restrictive measures and their impacts on antimicrobial consumption. Aim: This study aims to assess the impact of a restrictive bundle (preauthorization requirements and offering consultation with an infectious diseases physician 24 hours a day) on antimicrobial consumption, in a tertiary hospital in Brazil. Methods: We conducted an interrupted time series analysis (ITS) with pharmacy-based data from January 2010 to December 2018 to evaluate changes of level and slope in antimicrobial consumption (expressed in DDD/1,000 patient-days) after the implementation of the restrictive bundle in September 2014. Fourteen restricted antimicrobials (amphotericin B deoxycholate, liposomal amphotericin B, micafungin, voriconazole, ganciclovir, amikacin, ampicillin/sulbactam, daptomycin, ertapenem, levofloxacin, linezolid, piperacillin/tazobactam, polymyxin B, and tigecycline) and eight unrestricted were analysed. Findings: Among the 14 restricted antimicrobials, four presented a significant negative level change: micafungin (-2,14, p=.027), voriconazole (-14.72, p

Introdução: O futebol é um esporte de elevada demanda energética com variáveis níveis de intensidade que variam de acordo com a situação da partida, neste sentido algumas capacidades físicas tornam-se importantes para melhorar o condicionamento físico dos atletas deste desporto, portanto é essencial conhecer e identificar os níveis de desempenho em alguns testes específicos a fim de proporcionar um parâmetro para entendimento de como se encontra o nível de condicionamento físico dos atletas, para que se possa otimizar o treinamento. Objetivo: O presente estudo buscou investigar a correlação existente entre o desempenho dos testes de salto vertical, com o teste sprint de 30 metros. Materiais e métodos: Este trabalho foi composto por 31 atletas de futebol do sexo masculino em um clube de futebol profissional da Bahia. Idade: 28,1 ± 4,65 anos, estatura: 177 ± 0,07cm, massa corporal: 76,99 ± 7,12kg. A amostra foi caracterizada através de dados de antropometria (altura e peso). Para análise dos saltos verticais foi utilizado o aplicativo Hudl Technique®, e para análise da velocidade de sprint foi utilizado o software específico MultiSprint®, as análises estatísticas foram realizadas com software estatístico GraphPad® 6.0. Resultados: Diferentemente de outros estudos, foi encontrada baixa correlação entre o desempenho dos saltos e dos sprints, esta baixa correlação pode ser fruto de um baixo condicionamento físico dos atletas da amostra. Conclusão: A não correlação dos testes pode ser entendida como uma resposta ao nível de condicionamento deficitário destes atletas, diferente de outros estudos que encontram uma correlação moderada entre estes testes.

Introdução: O desenvolvimento tecnológico tem facilitado a vida das pessoas dando-lhes certa comodidade e redução de carga de trabalho braçal, em contra partida tem feito a vida das mesmas se tornar menos ativa e, portanto sedentária, esse comportamento aliado a uma má alimentação tem por consequência um aumento expressivo de doenças crônicas, das quais podemos destacar as cardiopatias, uma das grandes causas de mortalidade na contemporaneidade, chegando a ser consideradas um grande problema de saúde pública. Objetivo: Investigar a resposta da frequência cardíaca, pressão arterial sistólica, diastólica e média após 60 minutos de corrida com intensidade moderada entre 60 e 80% da frequência cardíaca máxima. Materiais e métodos: Participaram do estudo vinte e cinco homens (23 ±3,96 anos), ativos, com frequência de treino semanal mínima de três dias. A sessão aguda foi realizada em ambiente indoor, o registro do comportamento da frequência cardíaca, pressão arterial sistólica, diastólica e média foram tomadas antes e durante um período de 60 minutos de recuperação pós-exercício. A normalidade dos dados foi previamente avaliada por meio do teste Shapiro-Wilk. Comparações do momento basal, e recuperação pós-exercício foram feitas por meio do teste ANOVA one-way, com post hoc de Tukey. Adotou-se nível de significância estatística de p < 0,05. Resultados e discussão: A pressão arterial sistólica, diastólica e média apresentaram redução no período pós-exercício atingindo seu menor valor no minuto 50 (115±10 mmHg, 70±10 mmHg, 85±9 mmHg) respectivamente. Conclusão: Homens ativos submetidos apresentam redução dos níveis pressóricos pós 60 minutos de corrida realizada em ambiente indoor.

Objetivo: Analisar o efeito de duas sessões de exercício aeróbico sobre os parâmetros hemodinâmicos em praticantes de atividade física. Metodologia: Participaram do estudo dez homens fisicamente ativos com 25,4 ± 3,8 anos, massa corporal 76,3 ± 15,22kg e IMC de 24,04 ± 4,19Kg.m-². Todos os voluntários passaram por duas situações distintas do tipo cross-over, sendo uma em esteira ergométrica e outra em cicloergômetro. O registro do comportamento da frequência cardíaca, pressão arterial sistólica, diastólica e média foram tomadas antes e durante um período de 60 minutos de recuperação pós-exercício. A normalidade dos dados foi previamente avaliada por meio do teste Shapiro-Wilk. Comparações do momento basal, e recuperação pós-exercício foram feitas por meio do teste ANOVA two-way, com post hoc de Tuckey. Adotou-se nível de significância estatística de p < 0,05. Resultados: A frequência cardíaca manteve-se 86,90 ± 5,20bpm na situação esteira e 80,80 ± 8,20bpm na situação cicloergometro no minuto 60 se comparado aos valores basais. A pressão sistólica, diastólica e média reduziu 13,60 ± 7,49mmHg, 3,10 ± 6,47mmHg e 6,60 ± 6,55mmHg respectivamente com 60 minutos de recuperação pós-corrida e 9,90 ± 10,03mmHg, 0,30 ± 8,01mmHg e 3,10 ± 7,30mmHg respectivamente com 60 minutos pós sessão em cicloergômetro. Conclusão: Diante dos dados obtidos ambas as situações aeróbias (corrida e cicloergômetro) entre 60 e 85% da frequência de reserva promoveram redução dos níveis pressóricos. Entretanto uma sessão de esteira apresenta maior magnitude de redução dos níveis pressóricos se comparado a uma sessão de cicloergômetro.

Introdução: O treinamento de força é amplamente utilizado em idosos para manutenção da massa muscular e óssea, além disso, estudos mostram os benefícios do treinamento de força como meio não farmacológico para a prevenção, controle e tratamento de diversas cardiopatias. Objetivo: O estudo teve como objetivo analisar o efeito de uma sessão de exercício de força em intensidade moderada sobre as respostas hemodinâmicas em idosas hipertensas. Materiais e métodos: Participaram do estudo onze mulheres idosas com 68,18 ± 5,07 anos, massa corporal 65,94 ± 12,64kg e IMC de 28,5 ± 5,29Kg.m-² que recebiam tratamento farmacológico anti-hipertensivo. Todas as voluntárias foram submetidas a uma sessão de treino de força a 70% de 10RM. O registro do comportamento da frequência cardíaca, pressão arterial sistólica, diastólica e média foram tomadas antes e durante um período de 45 minutos de recuperação pós-exercício. A normalidade dos dados foi previamente avaliada por meio do teste Shapiro-Wilk. Comparações do momento basal e recuperação pós-exercício foram feitas por meio do teste ANOVA one-way, com post hoc de Tuckey. Adotou-se nível de significância estatística de p < 0,05. Resultados: Foi observada uma redução em todas as variáveis hemodinâmicas frequência cardíaca 4,1 ± 5,13bpm, pressão sistólica 10,0 ± 6,39mmHg, pressão diastólica 6,2 ± 6,95mmHg e pressão arterial média 81,4 ± 5,9mmHg após uma sessão aguda de treino de força, apresentando uma diferença significativa a partir de 30 minutos de recuperação pós exercício (p

BackgroundSince the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, health professionals have been working under extreme conditions, increasing the risk of physical and mental illness. We evaluated the prevalence of burnout and its associated factors among postgraduate student residents in health professions during the global health crisis.MethodsHealthcare residents were recruited from all across Brazil between July and September 2020 through digital forms containing instruments for assessing burnout (Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI)), resilience (brief resilient coping scale (BRCS)) and anxiety, stress and depression (depression, anxiety and stress scale (DASS-21) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9)). Additionally, the relationships between burnout and chronic diseases, autonomy and educational adequacy in the residency programme, personal protective equipment (PPE), workload and care for patients with COVID-19 were evaluated. The chi-square test, Student's t test, Pearson's correlation test and logistic regression were performed.ResultsA total of 1,313 participants were included: mean (standard deviation) age, 27.8 (4.4) years; female gender, 78.1%; white race, 59.3%; and physicians, 51.3%. The overall prevalence of burnout was 33.4%. The odds (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]) of burnout were higher in the presence of pre-existing diseases (1.76 [1.26-2.47]) and weekly work > 60 h (1.36 [1.03-1.79]) and were lower in the presence of high resilience (0.84 [0.81-0.88]), autonomy (0.87 [0.81-0.93]), and educational structure (0.77 [0.73-0.82]), adequate availability of PPE (0.72 [0.63-0.83]) and non-white race (0.63 [0.47-0.83]). Burnout was correlated with anxiety (r = 0.47; p < 0.05), stress (r: 0.58; p < 0.05) and depression (r: 0.65; p < 0.05).ConclusionsWe observed a high prevalence of burnout among residents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Individual characteristics and conditions related to the work environment were associated with a higher or lower occurrence of the syndrome.

ABSTRACT Introduction. Osteitis pubis is a common inflammatory disease of the pubic symphysis, defined as a chronic pain syndrome caused by repetitive microtrauma. Since adaptative changes are necessary in the pelvis to adjust the equilibrium of the myotendinous structures, the aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between pelvic incidence and osteitis pubis among professional soccer players. Materials and Methods. An observational, cross-sectional study was performed with professional soccer players from five teams during pre-season. Athletes with previous congenital pelvic abnormalities or a history of surgery were excluded. Radiographs of the pelvis were analyzed by two radiologists and assessed for findings consistent with osteitis pubis, and the following parameters were measured: pelvic incidence (PI), sacral inclination (SI), and pelvic version (PV). Results. A total of 107 subjects were included in the study, with a mean age of 25.6 ± 3.1 years. Findings compatible with osteitis pubis were present in 74.8% of the subjects (80/107). There was no statistical correlation between osteitis pubis and PI (52.3°±12.7° vs. 48.4°±10.8°; p=0.156), SI (43.1°±9.8° vs. 39.9°±10.1°; p=0.146), or PV (9.2°± 6.3° vs 8.6°± 7.5°; p=0.649). Agreement between readers was excellent (p

Background In early 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic paralyzed the world and exposed the fragility of health systems in the face of mass illness. Health professionals became protagonists, fulfilling their mission at the risk of physical and mental illness. The study aimed to evaluate absenteeism indirectly related to SARS-CoV-2 infection in a large population of health care professionals. Methods An observational longitudinal repeated measures study was performed, including workers linked to 40 public university hospitals in Brazil. All causes of absenteeism were analyzed, focusing on those not directly attributed to COVID-19. Results for the same population were compared over two equivalent time intervals: prepandemic and during the pandemic. Findings A total of 32,691 workers were included in the study, with health professionals comprising 82.5% of the sample. Comparison of the periods before and during the pandemic showed a 26.6% reduction in work absence for all causes, except for COVID-19 and mental health-related absence. Concerning work absence related to mental health, the odds ratio was 39.0% higher during the pandemic. At the onset of the pandemic, there was an increase in absenteeism (all causes), followed by a progressive reduction until the end of the observation period. Interpretation Work absence related to mental illness among health care professionals increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting the need for health care managers to prioritize and implement support strategies to minimize absenteeism.

Abstract Background Harmonization in hand hygiene training for infection prevention and control (IPC) professionals is lacking. We describe a standardized approach to training, using a “Train-the-Trainers” (TTT) concept for IPC professionals and assess its impact on hand hygiene knowledge in six countries. Methods We developed a three-day simulation-based TTT course based on the World Health Organization (WHO) Multimodal Hand Hygiene Improvement Strategy. To evaluate its impact, we have performed a pre-and post-course knowledge questionnaire. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare the results before and after training. Results Between June 2016 and January 2018 we conducted seven TTT courses in six countries: Iran, Malaysia, Mexico, South Africa, Spain and Thailand. A total of 305 IPC professionals completed the programme. Participants included nurses (n = 196; 64.2%), physicians (n = 53; 17.3%) and other health professionals (n = 56; 18.3%). In total, participants from more than 20 countries were trained. A significant (p

ABSTRACT Rhinoptera bonasus is a bento-pelagic and highly migratory species occurring from southern United States to northern Argentina. Due to overfishing effects, R. bonasus is currently at risk, classified by the IUCN Red List as vulnerable. Considering the lack of molecular data available for R. bonasus, this study aimed to describe the genetic variability and population structure of specimens sampled from three Brazilian coast ecoregions (Amazon ecoregion, Pará; Northeastern ecoregion, Pernambuco and Southeastern ecoregion, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Santa Catarina), through five polymorphic microsatellite markers. Here testing the panmixia hypothesis for Brazilian ecoregions and test natal philopathy. A total of 69 analyzed specimens revealed individual and significant genetic differentiation between the sampled locations. Φ ST (0.12), PCA, DAPC and Bayesian analyses of the genetic population structure revealed at least two distinct genetic R. bonasus groupings. IBD tests were significant, indicating a correlation between genetic and geographical distance among populations, which can be explained by reproductive philopatric behavior. Philopatric behavior associated with R. bonasus mobility may influence the differentiation values observed for all loci in the investigated samples.

O objetivo central deste artigo é analisar os desenhos curriculares e a contribuição do pensamento de Paulo Freire nos Projetos Pedagógicos de Cursos (PPCs) das Licenciaturas ofertadas pelo Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Norte de Minas Gerais (IFNMG). A metodologia utilizada é de cunho qualitativo, pois foram priorizadas a pesquisa e a análise documental para uma melhor compreensão dos documentos a partir de seus desenhos curriculares. O artigo está estruturado em duas partes: a primeira parte contempla a discussão acerca da formação de professores, currículo e contra - hegemonia, tendo a sociedade capitalista como palco dessa análise e a proposta de formação docente de Paulo Freire como um paradigma contra-hegemônico, capaz de reagir criticamente aos modelos dominantes de formação. Na segunda parte foi realizada a análise dos PPCs das Licenciaturas do IFNMG, a partir da identificação de categorias freirianas nesses projetos de curso.

ABSTRACT Wood is an important building material used in roof structures, bridges, viaducts, and pedestrian bridges. In order to improve its use, as well as rehabilitate structural parts deteriorated by weathering, reinforcement of beams and columns with composite material is performed. Given the climate action on structures, it is important to know the influence and behavior of wood and composite material when subjected to weathering. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the reinforcement of CCB-treated wood with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) and subjected to artificial weathering on its tensile strength parallel to the fibers. The results showed a 30% reduction in strength due to weathering and a 25% increase in tensile strength, showing the positive influence of reinforcement even under artificial weathering conditions