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Se utilizaron como indicadores biogeográficos siete especies de Deltochilina (Anomiopus cirulito, Canthon triangularis, C. lituratus, C. edmondsi, C. morsei, C. angustatus y C. lucreciae), para ejemplificar la influencia de la fauna sudamericana en la diversidad tropical mexicana, buscando explicar por qué México, al sur del Istmo de Tehuantepec, es cada vez más Neotropical. La escala temporal empleada es del fin del Pleistoceno a la época actual y se consideraron tres niveles de información: 1) Penetración con presencia mínima, 2) Penetración con poblaciones marginales y 3) Penetración con poblaciones establecidas. Se ofrecen ejemplos de invasores foráneos que han tenido éxito en lugares ganaderos, sin desplazar a ninguna especie autóctona. Los fenómenos naturales que han condicionado la distribución actual de las especies indicadoras seleccionadas se corresponden con procesos geológicos y macroclimáticos, que influyeron en la composición y los movimientos de las horobiotas a nivel continental. La tendencia de Deltochilini de Centro y Sudamérica por invadir México ha sido muy intensa, empleando el Puente Panameño o incluso el puente inter-Caribe para dispersarse, avanzando con las selvas y, su número supera a las especies incipientes de penetración reciente, de cualquier otro borde de México.

La infección por el Virus de Inmunodeficiencia Humana y el Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida en fase avanzada exacerban la morbilidad en pacientes ingresados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos agravando el pronóstico de vida. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar las causas de morbilidad hospitalaria de pacientes con estas patologías, ingresados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, en el periodo 2017 - 2019. El alcance del análisis es transversal, retrospectivo. Se revisaron 140 historias clínicas digitales de los ingresos de pacientes con VIH/SIDA hospitalizados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos. Se analizaron variables sociodemográficas, antecedentes patológicos personales, causas de morbilidad y estancia hospitalaria mediante análisis estadístico empleando el programa SPSS versión 22. Se concluye que la mayoría de las hospitalizaciones de pacientes inmunocomprometidos, con infección VIH tienen como mayor morbilidad las infecciones pulmonares (36 %) (neumonías) seguido de las infecciones digestivas (11 %).

Background: Depression and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are highly prevalent in the elderly. Depression could be a CVD risk factor as well as an ailment sequela. Objective: To review diagnostical, pathophysiological, and therapeutic factors involved in depression-cardiovascular diseases. Methods: The research was carried out using the keywords of a 10-years range of published studies in Portuguese, English, and Spanish from Scielo and PubMed databases. Inclusion criteria: In vitro studies, cohort studies, case-control, and clinical trials. Studies out of time range, mean age

Background Endometriosis is a pathophysiological condition characterized by glands and stroma outside the uterus in regions such as the bladder, ureter, fallopian tubes, peritoneum, ovaries, and even in extra pelvic sites. One of the main clinical problems of endometriosis is chronic pelvic pain (CPP), which considerably affects the patients’ quality of life. Patients with endometriosis may, cyclically or non-cyclically (80% of cases) experience CPP. High levels of anxiety and depression have been described in patients with endometriosis related to CPP; however, this has not been evaluated in endometriosis women with different types of CPP. Therefore, the research question of this study was whether there is a difference in the emotional dysregulation due to the type of pain experienced by women with endometriosis? Methods This work was performed in the National Institute of Perinatology (INPer) in Mexico City from January 2019 to March 2020 and aimed to determine if there are differences in emotional dysregulation in patients with cyclical and non-cyclical CPP. 49 women from 18 to 52 years-old diagnosed with endometriosis presenting cyclical and non-cyclical CPP answered several batteries made up of Mini-Mental State Examination, Visual Analog Scale, Beck's Depression Inventory, State Trait-Anxiety Inventory, and Generalized Anxiety Inventory. Mann–Whitney U and Student’s t-test for independent samples to compare the difference between groups was used. Relative risk estimation was performed to determine the association between non-cyclical and cyclical CPP with probability of presenting emotional dysregulation. Results We observed that patients with non-cyclical CPP exhibited higher levels of depression and anxiety (trait-state and generalized anxiety) than patients with cyclical pain, p Conclusions Our data suggest that patients with non-cyclical (persistent) CPP present a higher emotional dysregulation than those with cyclical pain.

Introduction: In addition to left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), dilated aortic root (DAo) is a risk factor for cardiovascular events. There is a ack of a practical index that considers both scenarios. Objective: To assess an electrocardiographic index in DAo and LVH considering echocardiographic guidelines and those values stemming from the chest wall thickness (CT). Methodology: The population was 631 patients, 236 hypertensives (HT) and 395 non-hypertensives (NHT), the diameter of the aortic root was based on the Phi number and a derived formula CT x 1.33 = Ao, using a cut-off >15%.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-05-01T09:30:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01 Germination timing is determined by several plant life-history traits. Seed dormancy regulates the time and place of early plant development and spreads recruitment risks over time. Dispersal phenology and syndrome can influence germination timing and buffer spatial heterogeneity. The ecological requirements for germination (the germination niche) can also influence when and where germination takes place. To date, the relative importance of each of these four traits to ensure the phenological adaptation of individual species in diverse communities remains unexplored. Here, we investigated the functional interactions among them and their relevance in heterogenous, seasonally dry environments. We collected seed dispersal phenology and syndrome for 82 species of the Brazilian savanna (cerrado) and evaluated the dormancy and germination behavior of the seeds of every taxon. Based on these data, we developed two new ecological indexes to estimate the likelihood of a non-dormant seed to germinate upon dispersal (∆G) and the overall variability of germination through time (σT). We then evaluated the influence of each trait on germination timing within a phylogenetically controlled framework. Our results show that even though germination is concentrated at the beginning of the rainy season, seed dispersal takes place year-round. Non-dormant seeds released during the dry season were characterized by high ∆G values that delayed their germination until the onset of the favorable season. Simultaneously, seed dormancy and spatial dispersal (i.e., the two risk-reduction mechanisms) were negatively correlated as dormancy and high σT values were only prevalent in seeds with reduced spatial dispersal ability. We conclude that the timing of seed germination is ultimately the net outcome of adaptive interactions among life-history traits, which can result in multiple functionally equivalent phenotypes. It is possible that this might contribute to community diversity by providing opportunities for the coexistence of different species. Dept of Biodiversity Biosciences Inst. São Paulo State Univ. (UNESP) Depto de Ecologia Univ. de Granada Research Unit Modeling Nature Univ. de Granada Dept of Biodiversity Biosciences Inst. São Paulo State Univ. (UNESP)

Background: Endometriosis is a pathophysiological condition characterized by glands and stroma outside the uterus in regions such as the bladder, ureter, fallopian tubes, peritoneum, ovaries, and even in extra pelvic sites. One of the main clinical problems of endometriosis is chronic pelvic pain (CPP), which considerably affects the patients’ quality of life. Patients with endometriosis may, cyclically or non-cyclically (80% of cases) experience CPP. High levels of anxiety and depression have been described in patients with endometriosis related to CPP; however, this has not been evaluated in endometriosis women with different types of CPP. Methods: This work aimed to determine if there are differences in emotional dysregulation in patients with cyclical and non-cyclical CPP. 49 women diagnosed with endometriosis presenting cyclical and non-cyclical CPP answered several batteries made up of Mini-Mental State Examination, Visual Analog Scale, Beck´s Depression Inventory, State Trait-Anxiety Inventory, and Generalized Anxiety Inventory. Results: We observed that patients with non-cyclical CPP exhibited higher levels of depression and anxiety (trait-state and generalized anxiety) than patients with cyclical pain. No differences were observed in pain intensity, but there was a higher probability of developing emotional dysregulation (anxiety or depression) in patients with non-cyclical CPP. No differences were observed in cognitive impairment. Conclusions:Our data suggest that patients with non-cyclical CPP present a higher emotional dysregulation than those with cyclical pain.

ObjectivesTo characterize hepatic to systemic lymphatic connections in patients with systemic lymphatic disease using intra-hepatic lymphangiography and to compare outcomes after lymphatic intervention.MethodsIn this retrospective study, patients with intra-hepatic lymphangiography from May 2014 – April 2019 at our institution were included. Imaging review was performed and hepatic lymphatic connections and flow patterns were characterized. Clinical data were reviewed and comparisons between patients undergoing lymphatic intervention with or without abnormal hepatic lymphatics were performed.ResultsDuring the study period, 105 patients underwent intra-hepatic lymphangiography. Primary clinical presentation included ascites (19/105), chylothorax (27/105), plastic bronchitis (PB) (17/105), and protein losing enteropathy (PLE) (42/105). Five categories of hepatic lymphatic connections and flow patterns were identified (%): normal (25%, 26/105), hepatoperitoneal (12%, 13/105), hepatopulmonary (10.5%, 11/105), hepatomesenteric (7.5%, 8/105), and hepatoduodenal (41%, 43/105) with four patients having more than one abnormal pattern. A comparison between clinical presentation and imaging category revealed an increased likelihood of having ascites with hepatoperitoneal (p< .0001), chylothorax/PB with hepatopulmonary (p= .01), and PLE with hepatoduodenal (p< .001) connections. Seventy-six patients had a lymphatic intervention, 24% with normal, and 76% with abnormal liver lymphatics. There was no difference in length of hospital stay or mortality between the two groups, but there was a prolonged time to symptom resolution (p= .006) and persistent symptoms after 6 months (5% vs 44%,p= .002) in the group with abnormal liver lymphatics.ConclusionWe identified five liver lymphatic imaging categories with a substantial correlation to presenting lymphatic disease. Abnormal imaging patterns correlated with increased morbidity. Evaluation of liver lymphatics should be considered in patients with a systemic lymphatic disease if central lymphatic imaging is normal.Key Points•We identified five liver lymphatic imaging patterns: normal, hepatoperitoneal, hepatomesenteric, hepatopulmonary, and hepatoduodenal.•Imaging patterns were correlated with disease presentation (normal – chylothorax/PB, hepatoperitoneal – ascites/chylothorax, hepatopulmonary – chylothorax/PB, hepatoduodenal – PLE).•Abnormal imaging patterns correlated with increased morbidity.

Lymphatic flow disorders include a broad spectrum of abnormalities that can originate in the lymphatic or the venous system. The development of these disorders is multifactorial and is most commonly associated with congenital heart diseases and palliative surgeries that these patients undergo. Central lymphatic disorders might be secondary to traumatic leaks, lymphatic overproduction, conduction abnormalities or lymphedema, and they can progress to perfusion anomalies. Several imaging modalities have been used to visualize the lymphatic system. However, the imaging of central lymphatic flow has always been challenging. Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance lymphangiography (DCMRL) allows for visualization of central lymphatic flow disorders and has been recently applied for the assessment of plastic bronchitis, protein-losing enteropathy, chylothorax and chylopericardium, among other lymphatic disorders. The hepatic and mesenteric accesses are innovative and promising techniques for better identification and understanding of these abnormalities. The main objectives of this review are to discuss the physiology and anatomy of the lymphatic system and review the current uses of DCMRL in the diagnosis and management of lymphatic flow disorders.

Despite the relevance of community ecological reserves, little is known about changes in spatio-temporal biodiversity patterns in these reserves. Here, we analyzed the spatio-temporal dynamics of the dung beetle assemblages in 4 different environments (primary forest, riparian vegetation, secondary forest, and pasture) in the Bajlum Pakal Community Ecological Reserve, in Chiapas, Mexico. We found that the spatial dynamics showed differences among the analyzed environments, with higher diversity in the tropical rainforest and riparian vegetation. The temporal dynamics did not present a relationship with the richness and diversity of species; therefore, spatial dynamics were more important for explaining the diversity of beetles from all environments. When evaluating the spatial turnover, we found that the most important component of β diversity was β2 (between environments), which suggests that the environmental variation provided by the great spatial heterogeneity of the environments modulates the diversity patterns of beetles in this reserve. Conservation strategies must consider changes in the spatio-temporal dynamics that modulate species assemblages to determine their responses to changes in land use. It is important to maintain the existence of community ecological reserves that conserve biodiversity and connectivity in tropical landscapes, as well as the quality of life of its inhabitants.

Introduction: Risk of malignancy for pediatric thyroid nodules classified according to The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) is not well defined. Correlations between risk of malignancy and ancillary clinical data remain inconclusive. We report a single institutional experience of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) to improve upon current management paradigm of thyroid nodules. Methods: A retrospective chart review of 575 thyroid nodules was performed of 324 patients who underwent 340 FNAs between 2008 and 2018 at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia. Demographics, ultrasound (US) characteristics, FNA cytology, surgical pathology, and ancillary data were reviewed. Results: The rate of malignancy according to TBSRTC was 0.0% for category I, 0.8% for category II, 15.6% for category III, 54.5% for category IV, 100.0% for category V, and 100.0% for category VI. The cumulative Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS) score was significantly correlated with benign and malignant nodules on pathology (p < 2.2e−16). Distribution of TI-RADS for cytologically indeterminate nodules with benign or malignant pathology revealed significant differences for composition (p = 3.20e−8) and echogenic foci (p = 0.005) but not for echogenicity (p = 0.445), shape (p = 0.160), margins (p = 0.220), and size (p = 0.105). Distributions of thyroid-stimulating hormone levels between benign and malignant patients was significant (p = 1.58e−3). Conclusions: Nodules with TI-RADS scores >3 should undergo FNA, irrespective of size; surgical resection is recommended for nodules classified as TBSRTC category IV and V due to high risk of malignancy. US surveillance instead of FNA can be performed for nodules with TI-RADS scores ≤3.

This paper contributes to quantifying the severity of various types of shocks for one small open economy. The role of fiscal policy was evaluated along with monetary and exchange rate innovations and the findings reflect the relevance of domestic and external shocks. These estimates show that productivity shocks explain about 90% of real variables in the economy. Regarding external shocks, the presence of oil perturbance affects approximately one-third of the fiscal balance behavior. Finally, the main instrument of economic policy is related to public investment innovations that cause more than the 50% of the real variables, especially as an instrument for economic crisis.