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A sedentary lifestyle is a major modifiable risk factor for many chronic diseases. Lifestyle modification in order to increase exercise capacity is key in the prevention and rehabilitation of chronic diseases. This could be achieved by active commute. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of daily active commuting on physical activity (PA) and exercise capacity. Seventy-three healthy hospital employees (age: 46 ± 9 years, 38% male), with a predominantly passive way of commuting, were randomly assigned to two parallel groups, a control group (CG, N = 22) or an intervention group (IG, N = 51), which was further split into public transportation/active commuting (IG-PT, N = 25) and cycling (IG-C, N = 26). Both intervention groups were asked to reach 150 min/wk of moderate- to vigorous-intensity exercise during their commute for 1 year. CG maintained a passive commuting mode. All participants underwent assessment of anthropometry, risk factor stratification, and exercise capacity by a medical doctor at the Institute of Sports Medicine, Prevention and Rehabilitation. Weekly physical activity, using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and commuting behavior, using an online diary, were used to assess physical activity. At the end of the study, the change in exercise capacity did significantly differ between IG and CG (P = .003, ES = 0.82). Actively covered distances through commuting significantly differed between groups (walking P = .026; cycling P

Active commuting has the potential to decrease cardiovascular risk by increasing physical activity. We aimed to investigate the effects of active commuting to work for 12 months on body composition and cardiovascular risk factors. Therefore, 73 hospital employees (age: 46 ± 9 years, 36% males), with a predominantly passive way of commuting, were randomly assigned to an intervention group (IG) and a control group (CG) in a 2:1 fashion. The IG was further divided into a public transportation plus active commuting group (IG-PT) and a cycling group (IG-C). Both IGs were prompted to reach 150 min/wk of moderate intensity exercise. Daily self-reported commuting details were verified by GPS tracking. All subjects underwent assessment of body composition, resting blood pressure, glycemic control, and lipid profile at the beginning and end of the study. Data for final analyses were available in 62 subjects. Commuting details indicated that the subjects randomized to IG changed their commuting habits. HbA1c decreased by 0.2% [95%CI: -0.3, -0.2] in IG-PT but was not statistically different between groups (P = .06). LDL cholesterol decreased in IG-C by 0.8 mmol/L [-1.1, -0.4] and by 0.6 mmol/L [-1.2, 0.1] in IG-PT which can be considered biologically relevant but did not yield statistical significance. Body composition and blood pressure did not differ between groups. Active commuting to work for 12 months did not change body composition but yielded relevant changes in lipid profile and glycemic control. Health benefits of active commuting should be addressed by healthcare professionals when counseling individuals that seek to improve their cardiovascular risk profile.

The positive health benefits of regular exercise, particularly regarding cardiovascular risk and diseases, are well recognized and scientifically evident. However, a sedentary lifestyle is one of the most important cardiovascular risk factors that are still insufficiently addressed. Leisure-time active commuting like walking and biking is an ideal way to improve exercise behavior in the general population. The purpose of this substudy of the GISMO study was to assess dose-response relations in all commuters and the three subgroups of commuters (physically active by bicycle and/or walking, physically active by using public transportation (PT), and the controls using their own vehicles). As such, a positive dose-response relationship could be confirmed in all physically active commuters compared to the control group. Whether the commuters cycled, walked, or traveled by PT -the more the physical exercise they performed (measured in metabolic equivalent [MET]-hours), the larger their gain in physical fitness (measured in gained or "Delta" Watt during a maximal exercise test), and their physical fitness at the end of the study was P = .016 and P = .003, respectively. Health-related quality of life correlated in two out of eight subdomains of the SF-36 questionnaire with MET-hours achieved during the study period (General Health and Physical Functioning). No clearly significant dose-response could be observed regarding HDL(high-density lipoprotein)-cholesterol or body composition. Our results indicate a dose-response pattern of healthy commuting in exercise capacity and health-related quality of life to increase doses of physically active commuting.

Sedentary lifestyle is a major modifiable risk factor for many chronic diseases. Global guidelines recommend for maintaining health in adults, at least 150 minutes of moderate intensity of physical activity throughout the week, but compliance is insufficient and health problems arise. One obvious way to overcome this is to integrate physical activity into the daily routine for example by active commuting to work. Scientific evidence, however, is scarce and therefore we set out to perform this systematic review of the available literature to improve understanding of the efficiency of active commuting initiatives on health. Literature searches were performed in PubMed and Cochrane database. Altogether, 37 studies were screened. Thereof, eight publications were reviewed, which included 555 participants. The mean study duration of the reviewed research was 36 ± 26 (8‐72) weeks. Overall, active commuting in previously untrained subjects of both sexes significantly improved exercise capacity, maximal power, blood pressure, lipid parameters including cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein, and waist circumference. Improvement was independent of the type of active commuting. Despite relatively few studies that were previously performed, this review revealed that active commuting has health beneficial effects comparable to those of moderate exercise training.

Sound exposure data are central for any intervention study. In the case of utilitarian mobility, where studies cannot be conducted in controlled environments, exposure data are commonly self‐reported. For short‐term intervention studies, wearable devices with location sensors are increasingly employed. We aimed to combine self‐reported and technically sensed mobility data, in order to provide more accurate and reliable exposure data for GISMO, a long‐term intervention study. Through spatio‐temporal data matching procedures, we are able to determine the amount of mobility for all modes at the best possible accuracy level. Self‐reported data deviate ±10% from the corrected reference. Derived modal split statistics prove high compliance to the respective recommendations for the control group (CG) and the two intervention groups (IG‐PT, IG‐C). About 73.7% of total mileage was travelled by car in CG. This share was 10.3% (IG‐PT) and 9.7% (IG‐C), respectively, in the intervention groups. Commuting distances were comparable in CG and IG, but annual mean travel times differ between x¯ = 8,458 min (σ = 6,427 min) for IG‐PT, x¯ = 8,444 min (σ = 5,961 min) for IG‐C, and x¯ = 5,223 min (σ = 5,463 min) for CG. Seasonal variabilities of modal split statistics were observable. However, in IG‐PT and IG‐C no shift toward the car occurred during winter months. Although no perfect single‐method solution for acquiring exposure data in mobility‐related, naturalistic intervention studies exists, we achieved substantially improved results by combining two data sources, based on spatio‐temporal matching procedures.

Active commuting has the potential to decrease cardiovascular risk by increasing physical activity. We aimed to investigate the effects of active commuting to work for 12 months on body composition and cardiovascular risk factors. Therefore, 73 hospital employees (age: 46 9 years, 36% males), with a predominantly passive way of commuting, were randomly assigned to an intervention group (IG) and a control group (CG) in a 2:1 fashion. The IG was further divided into a public transportation plus active commuting group (IGPT) and a cycling group (IGC). Both IGs were prompted to reach 150 min/wk of moderate intensity exercise. Daily selfreported commuting details were verified by GPS tracking. All subjects underwent assessment of body composition, resting blood pressure, glycemic control, and lipid profile at the beginning and end of the study. Data for final analyses were available in 62 subjects. Commuting details indicated that the subjects randomized to IG changed their commuting habits. HbA1c decreased by 0.2% [95%CI: 0.3, 0.2] in IGPT but was not statistically different between groups (P = .06). LDL cholesterol decreased in IGC by 0.8 mmol/L [1.1, 0.4] and by 0.6 mmol/L [1.2, 0.1] in IGPT which can be considered biologically relevant but did not yield statistical significance. Body composition and blood pressure did not differ between groups. Active commuting to work for 12 months did not change body composition but yielded relevant changes in lipid profile and glycemic control. Health benefits of active commuting should be addressed by healthcare professionals when counseling individuals that seek to improve their cardiovascular risk profile. (VLID)5402448

Sedentary lifestyle is a major modifiable risk factor for many chronic diseases. Global guidelines recommend for maintaining health in adults, at least 150 minutes of moderate intensity of physical activity throughout the week, but compliance is insufficient and health problems arise. One obvious way to overcome this is to integrate physical activity into the daily routine for example by active commuting to work. Scientific evidence, however, is scarce and therefore we set out to perform this systematic review of the available literature to improve understanding of the efficiency of active commuting initiatives on health. Literature searches were performed in PubMed and Cochrane database. Altogether, 37 studies were screened. Thereof, eight publications were reviewed, which included 555 participants. The mean study duration of the reviewed research was 36 26 (872) weeks. Overall, active commuting in previously untrained subjects of both sexes significantly improved exercise capacity, maximal power, blood pressure, lipid parameters including cholesterol, highdensity lipoprotein, and waist circumference. Improvement was independent of the type of active commuting. Despite relatively few studies that were previously performed, this review revealed that active commuting has health beneficial effects comparable to those of moderate exercise training. (VLID)5405715

Increased physical activity is associated with numerous health benefits. This study investigated the effect of active commuting (walking and cycling to work) on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and absence days from work due to sickness in healthy working adults. In total, 73 participants (age: 46 ± 9 years), all working at a tertiary university hospital in Salzburg, Austria, were randomized into an intervention group (IG, n = 51) and a control group (CG, n = 22). The IG was asked to commute actively for twelve months, whereas the CG did not have to change their usual commuting behavior. IG was divided into two subgroups: IG-C (cycling, n = 26) was asked to commute by bicycle and IG-PT (public transport, n = 25) partially using public transportation and walked the remaining distance to work. Significant positive changes in IG were observed in four subcomponents of the SF-36 (physical functioning (95 [10] to 100 [8.8], P = .023), mental health (82 [15] to 86 [15], P = .036), vitality (65 [20] to 70 [14], P = .005), and general health (70 [19] to 80 [24], P = .004)) as well as the physical component summary score (56.5 [9] to 59.2 [6.3], P = .002). IG-C showed greater and more statistically significant changes regarding HRQoL compared to IG-PT. Associations between active commuting and sick-leave days were only observed in IG-PT (7.5 [14.8] to 4.0 [11.3] days, P = .038). In conclusion, active commuting improves various components of HRQoL and might therefore be a possible strategy to increase quality of life in the workforce.

Parece oportuno –una vez han pasado más de cinco años desde que las universidades españolas graduaron su primera promoción de alumnado, dentro de los nuevos parámetros europeos para la Educación Superior- resaltar los principales cambios que ello ha supuesto en la metodología docente universitaria. Por ese motivo presentamos, en este artículo, el diseño y análisis parcial de los resultados de un proyecto de innovación y buenas prácticas docentes (PIBD) –auspiciado por la UGR, y desarrollado en su Máster profesionalizante en formación de Profesorado de Enseñanza Secundaria (MAES)- considerando que estas iniciativas evidencian aquellos cambios metodológicos que se están llevando a cabo en la universidad pública española. El proyecto, que se ha desarrollado en el curso académico 2018-19, con n=107 (alumnos de la especialidad de Educación Física), tiene como principal objetivo la puesta en práctica de la metodología del aprendizaje basado en proyectos (ABPr) para que el alumnado del máster analice, diseñe y elabore materiales adhoc de la profesión docente. Para ello se han analizado los resultados –reportados por diferentes instrumentos fiables- en torno a la satisfacción del alumnado con la metodología docente empleada. Estos evidencian la elevada motivación de los estudiantes con la propuesta realizada, el desarrollo de un aprendizaje significativo (englobando los conocimientos adquiridos en las tres materias del módulo genérico) pero también señalan alguna limitación como, por ejemplo, la falta de tiempo para alcanzar productos de mayor calidad., It seems appropriate -once more than five years passed since Spanish universities graduated their first student promotion, within the new European parameters for Higher Education- to highlight the main changes that this has supposed in the university teaching methodology. For this purpose, we present, in this article, the design and analysis of an innovation project of good teaching practices (PIBD) -sponsored by the UGR, and developed in its professional Master in Secondary Educationconsidering that these initiatives are a reliable indicator of those effective changes that are happening in the Spanish public university. The study, which has been carried out in the academic year 2018-19, with n = 107 (students of the Physical Education specialty), has as its main objective the implementation of the methodology of project-based learning so that the students of the master analyze, design and elaborate adhoc materials of the teaching profession. For this purpose, the results –reported by different reliable instruments- have been analyzed around student satisfaction with the teaching methodology used. These show the high motivation of the students with the project carried out, the development of significant learning (encompassing the knowledge acquired in the three subjects of the generic module) but also point out some limitations such as, for example, the lack of time to achieve higher quality products.

Affordable, easy-to-use diagnostic tests that can be readily deployed for point-of-care (POC) testing are key in addressing challenges in the diagnosis of medical conditions and for improving global health in general. Ideally, POC diagnostic tests should be highly selective for the biomarker, user-friendly, have a flexible design architecture and a low cost of production. Here we developed a novel agglutination assay based on whole E. coli cells surface-displaying nanobodies which bind selectively to a target protein analyte. As a proof-of-concept, we show the feasibility of this design as a new diagnostic platform by the detection of a model analyte at nanomolar concentrations. Moreover, we show that the design architecture is flexible by building assays optimized to detect a range of model analyte concentrations supported using straight-forward design rules and a mathematical model. Finally, we re-engineer E. coli cells for the detection of a medically relevant biomarker by the display of two different antibodies against the human fibrinogen and demonstrate a detection limit as low as 10 pM in diluted human plasma. Overall, we demonstrate that our agglutination technology fulfills the requirement of POC testing by combining low-cost nanobody production, customizable detection range and low detection limits. This technology has the potential to produce affordable diagnostics for both field-testing in the developing world, emergency or disaster relief sites as well as routine medical testing and personalized medicine.

Electrochemical sensors present many advantages to develop wearable sensors and to be applied for real samples as at the point-of-care using. They are easy to use, low cost and above all, they allow easy integration with the electronics and different parts of the system. However, there are several problems still to be solved in order to carry out the complete integration of these systems. Currently flexible electronics is already a reality, so, the manufacture of the sensor itself on a flexible substrate without losing any of its relevant functionalities takes on paramount importance. In this sense, printing technologies offer a suitable solution for the development of flexible electrodes as well as electronics to use them. Therefore, these technologies open the door to the development of a whole new range of flexible devices for many applications in biosensing, Point-of-Care (PoC) analysis and wearable systems. In this work, the fabrication process of carbon-based electrochemical sensors on flexible plastic substrates has been optimized. Thus, different flexible substrates; including several materials, thickness and color; have been evaluated for printing the new sensors. These sensors have been printed using different carbon and silver ink formulations with several mesh screens (stainless steel, polyester…). The selection of the ink formulations and mesh affects to the final surface morphology as well as the shelf-life and performance of electrodes. In the same way, a critical step in the fabrication of flexible sensors has been the selection of the drying conditions. This step enables the curing of the inks by removing the organic solvents, but without affecting to the flexible substrates. In most of the cases, the plastic substrates show a low glass transition temperature. Therefore, the drying time and temperature as well as the methodologies (box oven, conveyor dryer…) have been essential for avoiding some physical change in the substrate and electrode surface. As a flexible substrate is used, the final electrode structures should also show stretchable features. A microscopy and electrochemical characterization has been carried out with the new flexible carbon-based electrodes. The final sensor consists of a multilayer structure integrating the working (WE), reference (RE) and counter (CE) electrode as well as a dielectric layer on the same bendable substrate ( Figure 1A ). Thus, the surface morphology of the electrodes was observed by using scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy in order to check the effect of the substrate, printing conditions and ink compositions. The performance of new electrodes has been also evaluated by using different electrochemical techniques such cyclic voltammetry (CV), amperometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), in static, and specially, dynamic conditions. The new flexible sensors were integrated into a basic flow analysis system by using a modular platform ( Figure 1D ). This platform enables the interfacing between the sensor and the other components of the FIA system; peristaltic pump, injection valve and electrochemical station ( Figure 1 B and C ). A portable All-in-One electrochemical station with built-in EIS analyzer ( Figure 1 E ) was used for performing the electrochemical measurements. The performance of the new flexible electrochemical sensors has been evaluated with different benchmark redox compounds in the FIA system. This work has been supported by EU (MANUNET) and IDEPA (IDE/2017/000124) Figure 1

Bortezomib and gemcitabine have each shown activity as single agents in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), which is incurable. The purpose of this phase II study was to determine the efficacy and safety of the previously unstudied combination of bortezomib and gemcitabine in patients with relapsed or refractory MCL. Patients were eligible if they had relapsed MCL with 1-3 prior therapies. Patients were treated with gemcitabine 1000 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 8 and bortezomib 1.0 mg/m(2) IV on days 1, 4, 8, and 11, on a 21-day schedule. Twenty-six patients were evaluable for toxicity and 25 for response. The overall response rate was 60% and the median progression free survival was 11.4 months. The main adverse effects were hematological, with 40% and 48% of patients experiencing grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia and granulocytopenia, respectively. Bortezomib and gemcitabine is an active combination in relapsed and refractory MCL with clinically meaningful results. It offers a chemotherapy backbone to which other agents, less myelosuppressive, may be added.

OBJECTIVEdTo describe trends of primary efficacy and safety outcomes of islet transplantationin type 1 diabetes recipients with severe hypoglycemia from the Collaborative Islet TransplantRegistry (CITR) from 1999 to 2010.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSdA total of 677 islet transplant-alone or isletafter-kidney recipients with type 1 diabetes in the CITR were analyzed for five primary efficacyoutcomes and overall safety to identify any differences by early (1999–2002), mid (2003–2006),or recent (2007–2010) transplant era based on annual follow-up to 5 years.RESULTSdInsulin independence at 3 years after transplant improved from 27% in the early era(1999–2002, n = 214) to 37% in the mid (2003–2006, n = 255) and to 44% in the most recent era(2007–2010, n = 208; P = 0.006 for years-by-era; P = 0.01 for era alone). C-peptide $0.3 ng/mL,indicative of islet graft function,was retained longer in themost recent era (P,0.001). Reduction ofHbA1c and resolution of severe hypoglycemia exhibited enduring long-term effects. Fasting bloodglucose stabilization also showed improvements in the most recent era. There were also modestreductions in the occurrence of adverse events. The islet reinfusion rate was lower: 48% by 1 yearin 2007–2010 vs. 60–65% in 1999–2006 (P , 0.01). Recipients that ever achieved insulinindependenceexperienced longer duration of islet graft function (P , 0.001).CONCLUSIONSdThe CITR shows improvement in primary efficacy and safety outcomes ofislet transplantation in recipients who received transplants in 2007–2010 compared with thosein 1999–2006, with fewer islet infusions and adverse events per recipient.

We present a comprehensive exposition of a method for performing numerical simulations of lattice gauge theories with dinamical fermions. Its main aspects have been presented elsewhere. This work is a systematic study of the feasibility of the method, which amounts to separating the evaluation of the fermionic determinant from the generation of gauge configurations through a microcanonical process. The main advantage consists in the fact that the parts of the simulation which are most computer intensive must not be repeated when varying the parameters of the theory. Moreover, we achieve good control over critical slowing down, since the configurations over which the determinant is measured are always very well decorrelated; in addition, the actual implementation of the method allows us to perform simulations at exactly zero fermion mass. We relate the numerical feasibility of this approach to an expansion in the number of flavors; the criteria for its convergence are analyzed both theoretically and in connection with physical problems. On more speculative grounds, we argue that the origin of the applicability of the method stems from the nonlocality of the theoryunder consideration. PACS number(s): 11.15.Ha, 02.70.Lq, 12.20.Ds