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We prove the existence of nonradial classical solutions to the 2D incompressible Euler equations with compact support. More precisely, for any positive integer $k$, we construct compactly supported stationary Euler flows of class $C^k(\mathbb{R}^2)$ which are not locally radial. The proof uses a degree-theory-based bifurcation argument which hinges on three key ingredients: a novel approach to stationary Euler flows through elliptic equations with non-autonomous nonlinearities; a set of sharp regularity estimates for the linearized operator, which involves a potential that blows up as the inverse square of the distance to the boundary of the support; and overcoming a serious problem of loss of derivatives by the introduction of anisotropic weighted functional spaces between which the linearized operator is Fredholm., Comment: 48 pages, 2 figures

We present a straightforward, non-intrusive adaptive bit rate streaming segment quality selection policy which aims at extending battery lifetime during playback while limiting the impact on the user's quality of experience, thus benefiting consumers of video streaming services. This policy relies on the relationship between the available channel bandwidth and the bit rate of the representations in the quality ladder. It results from the characterization of the energy consumed by smartphones when running adaptive streaming client applications for different network connections (Wifi, 4G, and 5G) and the modeling of the energy consumed as a function of said relationship. Results show that a significant amount of energy can be saved (10 to 30%) by slightly modifying the default policy at the expense of a controlled reduction of video quality.

If on a smooth bounded domain $\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^2$ there is a nonconstant Neumann eigenfunction $u$ that is locally constant on the boundary, must $\Omega$ be a disk or an annulus? This question can be understood as a weaker analog of the well known Schiffer conjecture, in that the function $u$ is allowed to take a different constant value on each connected component of $\partial \Omega$ yet many of the known rigidity properties of the original problem are essentially preserved. Our main result provides a negative answer by constructing a family of nontrivial doubly connected domains $\Omega$ with the above property. As a consequence, a certain linear combination of the indicator functions of the domains $\Omega$ and of the bounded component of the complement $\mathbb{R}^2\backslash\overline{\Omega}$ fails to have the Pompeiu property. Furthermore, our construction implies the existence of continuous, compactly supported stationary weak solutions to the 2D incompressible Euler equations which are not locally radial., Comment: Final version; to appear in "Duke Mathematical Journal''

Given a function $f$ on a smooth Riemannian manifold without boundary, we prove that if $p \in M$ is a non-degenerate critical point of $f$, then a neighborhood of $p$ contains a foliation by spheres with mean curvature proportional to $f$. This foliation is essentially unique. The nondegeneracy assumption can be substantially relaxed, at the expense of losing the property that the family of spheres with prescribed mean curvature defines a foliation., Comment: Minor changes have been made; to appear in "Journal of Functional Analysis"

We construct multiple solutions to the nonlocal Liouville equation \begin{equation} \label{eqk} \tag{L} (-\Delta)^{\frac{1}{2}} u = K(x) e^u \quad \mbox{ in } \mathbb{R}. \end{equation} More precisely, for $K$ of the form $K(x) = 1+\varepsilon \kappa(x)$ with $\varepsilon \in (0,1)$ small and $\kappa \in C^{1,\alpha}(\mathbb{R}) \cap L^{\infty}(\mathbb{R})$ for some $\alpha > 0$, we prove existence of multiple solutions to \eqref{eqk} bifurcating from the bubbles. These solutions provide examples of flat metrics in the half-plane with prescribed geodesic curvature $K(x)$ on its boundary. Furthermore, they imply the existence of multiple ground state soliton solutions for the Calogero-Moser derivative NLS., Comment: Accepted for publication on SIAM J. Math. Anal

We consider the nonlocal Liouville type equation $$ (-\Delta)^{\frac{1}{2}} u = \varepsilon \kappa(x) e^u, \quad u > 0, \quad \mbox{in } I, \qquad u = 0, \quad \mbox{in } \mathbb{R} \setminus I, $$ where $I$ is a union of $d \geq 2$ disjoint bounded intervals, $\kappa$ is a smooth bounded function with positive infimum and $\varepsilon > 0$ is a small parameter. For any integer $1 \leq m \leq d$, we construct a family of solutions $(u_\varepsilon)_{\varepsilon}$ which blow up at $m$ interior distinct points of $I$ and for which $\varepsilon \int_I \kappa e^{u_\varepsilon} \, \rightarrow 2 m \pi$, as $\varepsilon \to 0$. Moreover, we show that, when $d = 2$ and $m$ is suitably large, no such construction is possible.

The main goal of this paper is to prove existence and non-existence results for deterministic Kardar-Parisi-Zhang type equations involving non-local "gradient terms". More precisely, let $\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^N$, $N \geq 2$, be a bounded domain with boundary $\partial \Omega$ of class $C^2$. For $s \in (0,1)$, we consider problems of the form \[ \tag{KPZ} \left\{ \begin{aligned} (-\Delta)^s u & = \mu(x) |\mathbb{D}(u)|^q + \lambda f(x), \quad && \mbox{ in } \Omega,\\ u & = 0, && \mbox{ in } \mathbb{R}^N \setminus \Omega, \end{aligned} \right. \] where $q > 1$ and $\lambda > 0$ are real parameters, $f$ belongs to a suitable Lebesgue space, $\mu$ belongs to $L^{\infty}(\Omega)$ and $\mathbb{D}$ represents a nonlocal "gradient term". Depending on the size of $\lambda > 0$, we derive existence and non-existence results. In particular, we solve several open problems posed in [4, Section 6] and [2, Section 7]., Comment: Minor changes have been made; to appear in "Annali di Matematica Pura ed Applicata"

Kupavskii, Volostnov, and Yarovikov have recently shown that any set of $n$ points in general position in the plane has at least as many (partial) triangulations as the convex $n$-gon. We generalize this in two directions: we show that regular triangulations are enough, and we extend the result to all regular subdivisions, graded by the dimension of their corresponding face in the secondary polytope, Comment: 21 pages, 5 figures

We obtain a global fractional Calder\'on-Zygmund regularity theory for the fractional Poisson problem. More precisely, for $\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^N$, $N \geq 2$, a bounded domain with boundary $\partial \Omega$ of class $C^2$, $s \in (0,1)$ and $f \in L^m(\Omega)$ for some $m \geq 1$, we consider the problem $$ \left. \begin{aligned} (-\Delta)^s u = f \quad \mbox{in } \Omega, \qquad\ u = 0 \quad \mbox{in } \mathbb{R}^N \setminus \Omega, \end{aligned} \right. $$ and, according to $m$, we find the values of $s \leq t < \min\{1,2s\}$ and of $1 < p < +\infty$ such that $u \in L^{t,p}(\mathbb{R}^N)$ and such that $u \in W^{t,p}(\mathbb{R}^N)$., Comment: 20 pages, section 2 removed and presentation improved

The Lagrange problem is established in the discrete field theory subject to constraints with values in a Lie group. For the admissible sections that satisfy a certain regularity condition, we prove that the critical sections of such problems are the solutions of a canonically unconstrained variational problem associated with the Lagrange problem (discrete Lagrange multiplier rule). This variational problem has a discrete Cartan 1-form, from which a Noether theory of symmetries and a multisymplectic form formula are established. The whole theory is applied to the Euler-Poincar\'e reduction in the discrete field theory, concluding as an illustration with the remarkable example of the harmonic maps of the discrete plane in the Lie group $SO(n)$., Comment: More extensive Introduction. New wording at the beginning of Section 3. Added a new reference. Minor corrections. To be published in Differential Geometry and its Applications

Task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (task fMRI) is a non-invasive technique that allows identifying brain regions whose activity changes when individuals are asked to perform a given task. This contributes to the understanding of how the human brain is organized in functionally distinct subdivisions. Task fMRI experiments from high-resolution scans provide hundred of thousands of longitudinal signals for each individual, corresponding to measurements of brain activity over each voxel of the brain along the duration of the experiment. In this context, we propose some visualization techniques for high dimensional functional data relying on depth-based notions that allow for computationally efficient 2-dim representations of tfMRI data and that shed light on sample composition, outlier presence and individual variability. We believe that this step is crucial previously to any inferential approach willing to identify neuroscientific patterns across individuals, tasks and brain regions. We illustrate the proposed technique through a simulation study and demonstrate its application on a motor and language task fMRI experiment.

We study the standing waves for a fourth-order Schr\"odinger equation with mixed dispersion that minimize the associated energy when the $L^2-$norm (the \textit{mass}) } is kept fixed. We need some non-homogeneous Gagliardo-Nirenberg-type inequalities and we develop a method to prove such estimates that should be useful elsewhere. We prove optimal results on the existence of minimizers in the {\it mass-subcritical } and {\it mass-critical } cases. In the { \it mass supercritical} case we show that global minimizers do not exist, and we investigate the existence of local minimizers. If the mass does not exceed some threshold $ \mu_0 \in (0,+\infty)$, our results on "best" local minimizers are also optimal., Comment: Final version. The article will appear in Journal of Differential Equations 328 (2022), pp. 1-65

The present paper is concerned with the half-space Dirichlet problem \begin{equation} \tag{$P_c$} \label{problem-abstract} -\Delta v + v = |v|^{p-1}v,\ \mbox{ in } \mathbb{R}^N_{+}, \qquad v = c,\ \mbox{ on } \partial \mathbb{R}^N_{+},\ \qquad \lim_{x_N \to \infty} v(x',x_N) = 0 \mbox{ uniformly in }x' \in \mathbb{R}^{N-1}, \end{equation} where $\mathbb{R}^N_{+} := \{\,x \in \mathbb{R}^N: x_N > 0\, \}$ for some $N \geq 1$ and $p > 1$, $c > 0$ are constants. We analyse the existence, non-existence and multiplicity of bounded positive solutions to \eqref{problem-abstract}. We prove that the existence and multiplicity of bounded positive solutions to \eqref{problem-abstract} depend in a striking way on the value of $c > 0$ and also on the dimension $N$. We find an explicit number $c_p \in (1,\sqrt{e})$, depending only on $p$, which determines the threshold between existence and non-existence. In particular, in dimensions $N \geq 2$, we prove that, for $0 < c < c_p$, problem \eqref{problem-abstract} admits infinitely many bounded positive solutions, whereas, for $c > c_p$, there are no bounded positive solutions to \eqref{problem-abstract}., Comment: Minor changes have been made; to appear in "Mathematische Annalen"

We characterize the relatively compact subsets of $L^1\left(\| m \| \right),$ the quasi-Banach function space associated to the semivariation of a given vector measure $m$ showing that the strong connection between compactness, uniform absolute continuity, uniform integrability, almost order boundedness and L-weak compactness that appears in the classic setting of Lebesgue spaces remains almost invariant in this new context of the Choquet integration. Also we present a de la Vall\'ee-Poussin type theorem in the context of these spaces $L^1\left(\|m\|\right)$ that allows us to locate each compact subset of $L^1\left(\|m\|\right)$ as a compact subset of a smaller quasi-Banach Orlicz space $L^\Phi\left(\|m\|\right)$ associated to the semivariation of the measure $m.$

Let $\gamma > 0\,$, $\beta > 0\,$, $\alpha > 0$ and $0 < \sigma N < 4$. In the present paper, we study, for $c > 0$ given, the constrained minimization problem \begin{equation*} \label{MinL2fixed} m(c):=\inf_{u\in S (c) }E(u), \end{equation*} where \begin{equation*} E (u):=\frac{\gamma}{2}\int_{\mathbb{R}^N}|\Delta u|^2\, dx -\frac{\beta}{2}\int_{\mathbb{R}^N}|\nabla u|^2\, dx-\frac{\alpha}{2\sigma+2}\int_{\mathbb{R}^N}|u|^{2\sigma+2}\, dx, \end{equation*} and \begin{equation*} S(c):=\left\{u\in H^2(\mathbb{R}^N):\int_{\mathbb{R}^N}|u|^{2}\, dx=c\right\}. \end{equation*} The aim of our study is twofold. On one hand, this minimization problem is related to the existence and orbital stability of standing waves for the mixed dispersion nonlinear biharmonic Schr\"odinger equation \begin{equation*} i \partial_t \psi -\gamma \Delta^2 \psi - \beta \Delta \psi + \alpha |\psi|^{2\sigma} \psi =0, \quad \psi (0, x)=\psi_0 (x),\quad (t, x) \in \mathbb{R} \times \mathbb{R}^N. \end{equation*} On the other hand, in most of the applications of the Concentration-Compactness principle of P.-L. Lions, the difficult part is to deal with the possible dichotomy of the minimizing sequences. The problem under consideration provides an example for which, to rule out the dichotomy is rather standard while, to rule out the vanishing, here for $c > 0$ small, is challenging. We also provide, in the limit $c \to 0$, a precise description of the behaviour of the minima. Finally, some extensions and open problems are proposed.