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Summary: From 2009 to 2015, 74 lungs from suckling (6.8%), nursing (70.3%), fattening (20.3%) pigs and pregnant sows (2.7%) with respiratory signs from pig farms in Southern Brazil were submitted to a diagnostic laboratory for necropsy and/or histologic examination and screening for respiratory agents by RT‐qPCR, immunohistochemistry (IHC), virus isolation (VI) and subtyping for influenza A virus (IAV), IHC and nested PCR for Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhyo), PCR for porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2), RT‐qPCR for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and bacterial culture. All lung samples were positive for IAV using RT‐qPCR. Seventy‐two lungs had histologic lesions associated with acute to subacute IAV infection characterized by necrotizing bronchiolitis/bronchitis or bronchointerstitial pneumonia with lymphocytic peribronchiolitis and bronchiolar/bronchial hyperplasia, respectively. Forty‐nine lungs (66.2%) were positive by IHC for IAV nucleoprotein. The H1N1/2009 was the most common subtype and the only IAV detected in 58.1% of lungs, followed by H1N2 (9.5%) and H3N2 (6.8%). Coinfection of IAV and Mhyo was seen in 23 (31%) cases. Although 14.9% of the lungs were positive for PCV2 using PCR, no suggestive lesions of PCV2 disease were observed. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) was not detected, consistent with the PRRS‐free status of Brazil. Secondary bacterial infections (8/38) were associated with suppurative bronchopneumonia and/or pleuritis. Primary IAV infection with Mhyo coinfection was the most common agents found in porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) in pigs in Southern Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) is one of the pig diseases with major economic impact worldwide. Clinical, pathologic and some immunologic aspects of this disease are relatively well-known, but the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenic mechanisms of the disease are still poorly understood. The objective of the present study was to investigate the global transcriptome changes in the mediastinal lymph nodes from pigs naturally affected by PMWS, as well as healthy counterparts, using the Affymetrix Porcine Genechip(®). From 366 transcripts showing significant differential abundance in the PMWS group of pigs relative to healthy animals, 229 showed higher and 137 lower abundance. A relative increased abundance of mRNAs coded by a large set of genes involved in the inflammatory responses (e.g. cytokines, acute phase proteins, and respiratory burst) was observed in PMWS affected pigs. The Gpnmb and Lgals3 genes, which have antagonistic functions in regulation of inflammatory processes, showed high mRNA levels in diseased pigs. The complement system was altered by PMWS, notably by the lower levels of Cr1 mRNA, which might favour both complement deposition and secondary infections by impairing phagocytosis. Decreased mRNA abundance of several genes involved in lymphocyte activation/differentiation, such as Cd79b, Cd19, Cd21 and MybL1, and the high level of Vsig4 mRNA, which can compromise the activation of residing T-cells, pointed towards a defective adaptive immunity. This is the first study on gene expression in pigs naturally affected by PMWS. The present results allowed identifying potential mechanisms underlying the inflammation and lymphocyte depletion in lymphoid tissues by complement mediated damage and immunosuppression, which are key features of PMWS., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)