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RESUMO A ferrugem asiática da soja (FAS), causada pelo fungo Phakopsora pachyrhizi, é uma das doenças mais severas na cultura. Dentre as estratégias para seu manejo propõe-se a utilização de genótipos com resistência horizontal ou parcial, ainda restritos no mercado, mas promissores pela durabilidade da resistência. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a resistência de diferentes genótipos de soja à ferrugem asiática para futura utilização em programas de melhoramento. Na safra 2015/2016, foram avaliados 11 genótipos de soja provenientes do LAGER-UFU e a cultivar Desafio 8473 (padrão de suscetibilidade) frente à infecção artificial e natural de P. pachyrhizi no campo. Com os dados de severidade da FAS, calculou-se a área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença (AACPD). O percentual de área foliar afetada e os valores da AACPD dos genótipos avaliados oscilaram de 1,56 a 80,75 e de 380,62 a 975,62, respectivamente. Os genótipos L-210, L-166, L-268, L-203, L-279, L-224, L-216 e L-218 apresentam menores valores de AACPD, indicando resistência parcial, enquanto os genótipos L-144, L-104, L-266 e a cv. Desafio 8473 apresentaram maiores valores de AACPD, portanto, com menor resistência parcial ou suscetíveis. Ainda assim, os genótipos L-144, L-104 e L-266 apresentaram coeficientes de progresso da severidade da doença de 1,8 a 2,0 vezes menores comparativamente à cv. Desafio 8473. Conclui-se que os genótipos do Programa de Melhoramento Genético da UFU (LAGER-UFU), apresentam potencial de utilização no desenvolvimento de cultivares de soja resistentes à P. pachyrhizi.

The soybean presents great economic expression and high impact in the Brazilian agribusiness. The productive potential of a cultivar is expressed according to the genetic constitution and the environment. The sowing time exerts influence on the agronomic traits of the soybean, impacting the yield of grains. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the sowing season on the productive potential and the agronomic traits of soybean. The work was conducted at the Capim Branco experimental farm, belonging to the Federal University of Uberlândia. Twelve cultivars (UFUS 6901, UFUS 7415, BRSMG 68, TMG 801, TMG 7062 IPRO, TMG 2158 IPRO, BRS 7270 IPRO, NA 5909 RR, NS 6909 RR, CD 2737 RR, P98Y30 RR e BRASMAX Desafio RR) and four sowing seasons (October 22, November 5, December 22, 2016 and January 5, 2017) were used. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four replicates. The evaluated characters were: number of days for flowering and maturity, plant height at maturity, insertion height for the first pod, number of nodes at maturity, total number of pods, number of tainted pods and productivity. The sowing carried out in October and November contributed to obtain a larger number of nodes and a greater height of plants at maturity, which are agronomic traits favorable to higher productivity. Sowing delay seriously affected soybean yield and in the Uberlândia MG region the ideal sowing time was October 22, before the beginning of November. In the late sowing in December and January, the cultivars that had their productions less affected were the conventional cultivars BRSMG 68 and TMG 801. A soja apresenta grande expressão econômica e alto impacto no agronegócio brasileiro. O potencial produtivo de uma cultivar é expresso de acordo com a constituição genética e o ambiente. A época de semeadura exerce influência sobre os caracteres agronômicos da soja, impactando no rendimento de grãos. O objetivo deste estudo, avaliar a influência da época de semeadura sobre o potencial produtivo e caracteres agronômicos de soja. O trabalho foi conduzido na Fazenda experimental Capim Branco, pertencente à Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. Foram utilizadas 12 cultivares (UFUS 6901, UFUS 7415, BRSMG 68, TMG 801, TMG 7062 IPRO, TMG 2158 IPRO, BRS 7270 IPRO, NA 5909 RR, NS 6909 RR, CD 2737 RR, P98Y30 RR e BRASMAX Desafio RR) e quatro épocas de semeadura (22 de outubro, 05 de novembro, 22 de dezembro de 2016 e 05 de janeiro de 2017). Adotou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. Os caracteres avaliados foram: número de dias para o florescimento e maturidade, altura da planta na maturidade, número de nós na maturidade, altura de inserção da primeira vagem, número total de vagens, número de vagens chochas e produtividade. As semeaduras realizadas em outubro e novembro contribuíram para a obtenção de maior número de nós e maior altura de plantas na maturidade, que são caracteres agronômicos favoráveis à maiores produtividades. O atraso na semeadura afetou seriamente a produção de soja na região de Uberlândia MG e a época de semeadura ideal foi em 22 de outubro, antes do início de novembro. Nas semeaduras tardias dezembro e janeiro, as cultivares que tiveram suas produtividades menos afetadas foram as cultivares convencionais BRSMG 68 e TMG 801.

Background: Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease characterized by the loss of connective tissue and alveolar bone. Different factors are associated with the onset and prognosis of this disease, both environmental and genetic. The latter particularly relate to molecules secreted as a function of the host immune response, such as pro-inflammatory cytokines. Studies indicate that the polymorphism c. 3954C > T in the interleukin-1 β encoding gene (IL1B) can be considered as an aggravating factor in the periodontitis condition. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate whether there is an association between the IL1B c. 3954C > T gene polymorphism and the prevalence of periodontitis in the population from Vitória da Conquista–Bahia, Brazil. Materials and Methods: A total of 347 subjects (134 cases and 213 controls) who provided epithelial tissue of the oral cavity and saliva samples for DNA extraction and quantification of IL1B, respectively, were selected. Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism followed by electrophoresis in agarose gel. The evaluation of the cytokine concentration was performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical Analysis: Statistical calculations involved in this work include Chi-square test, Fisher Exact test, Mann–Whitney and Kruskal–Wallis tests. Results: Our findings revealed that: (i) No statistically significant relationship between periodontitis and the polymorphism studied was observed; (ii) no significant difference between the concentrations of IL1B in saliva between the case and control subjects and between the genotypes of these individuals and the concentrations of this cytokine. Conclusions: We conclude that, in the sample evaluated, the IL1B c. 3954C > T polymorphism did not present as an etiological factor for periodontitis.

Os programas de melhoramento têm buscado o desenvolvimento de cultivares mais precoces, que possibilitem a rotação de culturas e apresentem menor pressão aos fatores bióticos e abióticos. Assim, o estudo de herança para ciclo em soja contribui para fornecer estimativas de parâmetros genéticos, que são essenciais para a escolha de métodos utilizados nas etapas iniciais e avançadas de seleção. A decisão quanto ao método adotado é importante, pois a seleção para apenas um caráter pode provocar uma série de mudanças desfavoráveis em outros caracteres. Alternativamente, os índices de seleção associam as informações de vários caracteres e permitem efetuar a seleção simultânea entre eles, com eficiência. Nesse contexto, esta dissertação está subdividida em: revisão de literatura acerca da cultura e melhoramento da soja, parâmetros genéticos e índice de seleção, e dois capítulos. No primeiro capítulo, realizou-se uma pesquisa objetivando determinar a herança de caracteres relacionados à precocidade e de caracteres agronômicos em população segregante de soja, proveniente de genitores contrastantes para ciclo. Em casa de vegetação, localizada na fazenda Capim Branco da UFU, avaliaram-se as gerações P1, P2, F1 e F2 provenientes do cruzamento biparental entre as cultivares UFUS 6901 e MG/BR46 Conquista. A herdabilidade variou de 2,36% para número de grãos por vagem a 85,39% para número de dias para maturidade, e o número de genes que controla esses caracteres foi de 160 e dois, respectivamente. Na população F2, constatou-se a existência de segregantes transgressivos para todos os caracteres, exceto número de dias para maturidade, número de nós e altura de inserção da primeira vagem. A variância genética e a herdabilidade dos caracteres agronômicos da população F2, proveniente da hibridação de MG/BR 46 Conquista e UFUS 6901, permite a obtenção de ganhos de seleção de indivíduos superiores quanto ao ciclo e demais caracteres. No segundo capítulo, encontra-se um estudo cujos objetivos foram estimar parâmetros genéticos para caracteres agronômicos e realizar seleção de linhagens de soja, utilizando índices de seleção. Em condições de campo, na estação experimental da fazenda Capim Branco, da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), avaliaram-se 37 genótipos de soja em delineamento de blocos casualizados com três repetições, nos quais foram determinados os caracteres agronômicos e de produtividade e grãos. Verificaram-se 12 genótipos com ciclo total de até 110 dias e que estiveram nos mesmos grupos das cultivares MSOY 6101 e UFUS 7910. Três linhagens, UFUS FG 03, UFUS FG 20 e UFUS FG 31, destacaram-se quanto à produtividade de grãos com valores superiores à média nacional de 3072 kg ha-1. A seleção direita possibilitou os maiores ganhos individuais para os caracteres. O índice base de Willians (1962) e o índice clássico proposto por Smith (1936) e Hazel (1943) apresentaram o maior ganho de seleção para a produtividade de grãos. E o índice da distância genótipo-ideótipo e o índice de soma de “ranks” de Mulamba & Mock (1978) apresentaram maiores valores de ganho de seleção total. As linhagens UFUS FG 12, UFUS FG 14, UFUS FG 18, UFUS FG 25 e UFUS FG 31 destacaram-se como genótipos superiores em todos os métodos de seleção direta e índices de seleção. Breeding programs have sought the earlier cultivars development, which allow the rotation of crops and present less pressure on biotic and abiotic factors. Therefore, the inheritance for soybean cycle study contributes in providing estimates of genetic parameters, which are essential for the methods choice used in the initial and advanced stages of selection. The decision about the method adopted is important, because the selection for only one trait can cause a series of unfavorable changes in other traits. Alternatively, the selection indexes associate the information of several traits and allow to make an efficient simultaneous selection between them. In this context, this dissertation is subdivided into literature review about soybean crop and breeding, genetic parameters and selection index and two chapters. In the first chapter, a research was carried out to determine the inheritance on traits related to precocity and agronomic characters in a soybean segregating population, coming from contrasting parents to the cycle. In a greenhouse, located at UFU’s Capim Branco farm, where the P1, P2, F1 and F2 generations were evaluated from the two-parent crosses between cultivars UFUS 6901 and MG/BR46 Conquista. Heritability ranged from 2.36% for number of grains per pod to 85.39% for number of days to maturity, and the number of genes controlling those traits was 160 and two, respectively. In F2 population, there were transgressive segregants for all traits, except number of days to maturity, number of nodes and height of the first pod insertion. The genetic variance and the heritability of the agronomic traits for the F2 population coming from the hybridization of MG/BR 46 Conquista and UFUS 6901 allows the selection of superior individuals for the cycle and other traits to be obtained. The Second chapter contains a study whose objectives were to estimate genetic parameters for agronomic traits and to perform soybean strains selection using selection indexes. On field conditions, at the experimental station of Capim Branco farm, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), a total of 37 soybean genotypes were used in a randomized block design with three replicates, in which the agronomic traits, yield and grains were determined. It was tested twelve genotypes with a total cycle of up to 110 days and that were in the same groups of cultivars MSOY 6101 and UFUS 7910. Three lines, UFUS FG 03, UFUS FG 20 and UFUS FG 31, stood out for grain yield with values higher than the national average of 3072 kg ha-1. The right selection enabled the highest traits individual gains. The base index of Williams (1962) and the classic index proposed by Smith (1936) and Hazel (1943) presented the highest selection gain for grain yield. The genotype-ideotype distance index and the ranks sum index of Mulamba & Mock (1978) presented higher values of total selection gain. The lines UFUS FG 12, UFUS FG 14, UFUS FG 18, UFUS FG 25 and UFUS FG 31 stood out as superior genotypes in all methods of direct selection and selection indexes. Dissertação (Mestrado)

Aim: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the polymorphism c.-889 C>T in the IL1A gene and periodontitis in subjects from Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil. Methods: Two hundred fifty-nine individuals were classified according to periodontitis diagnoses in cases and controls. Genomic DNA was extracted from buccal epithelial cells. Genotyping was performed by PCR-RFLP, followed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Data were analyzed using Chi-square, Fisher’s exact and Hosmer-Lemeshow tests. Results: In the individuals evaluated in this study, periodontitis was significantly associated with a low educational level (p = 0.024) and clinical variables, such as gingival bleeding (p = 0.019) and tooth mobility (p = 0.001). Among patients in the case group, the majority (72.88%) had a generalized form of periodontitis. The genotypic frequencies for IL1A c.–889 C>T between the case and control groups did not significantly differ (χ2 = 1.6983; p = 0.428). Conclusion: This study’s findings indicate the lack of association between periodontitis and the IL1A c -889 C>T gene polymorphism.Uniterms: Peridontitis. Genetic polymorphism. Interleukin-1.

Sowing density is widely studied in the soybean crop in order to define the best plant population for each cultivar available on the market. The objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic traits of three soybean geno­types (UFUS LVR, UFUS 7910, and UFUS 8301) in four population densities (12; 14; 16; 18 pl m -1 ), in Uberlândia-MG. The design was a randomized complete block with four replicates, with sowing performed on February 12, 2016. The following were evaluated: plant height at flowering (PHF) and maturity (PHM); number of branched nodes (NBN); lateral branch inclination (LBI); first pod insertion height (FPIH); number of pods per plant (NPP); number of seeds per pod (NSP); hundred-grain weight (HGW); and grain yield (kg ha -1 ). There were sig­nificant interactions between genotypes and densities for all characters, except for LBI and NSP. When increasing the sowing density from 14 to 18 pl m -1 , cultivar UFUS 7910 showed a reduction in plant height at maturity, and strain UFUS LRV had the first pod insertion height increased. The hundred-grain weight was not altered for culti­vars UFUS LRV and UFUS 7910 when increasing the density from 12 to 18 pl m -1 . For the three genotypes, there was a reduction in grain yield when sown in a higher sowing density (density of 18 pl m -1 ). The densities of 16 pl m -1 and 12 pl m -1 provided better grain yields for genotypes UFUS LVR and UFU 7910, respectively. The densi­ties of 12 pl m -1 and 14 pl m -1 allowed a greater number of pods and higher yield for cultivar UFUS 8301.

Aim. Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that affects the teeth supporting structures, triggered by periodontal pathogens, and is influenced by environmental and genetic factors. Genes encoding molecules related to the immune response, such as cytokine, are the main candidates for polymorphisms analysis and may be possibly associated with this pathology. A G/C promoter polymorphism on the IL6 gene has been shown to affect basal IL-6 levels. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the IL6 c.-174G>C polymorphism and periodontitis in individuals from Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil. Material and Methods. Three hundred and thirty individuals (134 cases, 196 controls) were genotyped for the IL6 c.-174G>C by MS-PCR technique. Concentrations of salivary IL-6 were determined by ELISA method. Results. The IL6 c.-174G>C polymorphism was associated with periodontitis when comparing the distribution of genotypes between patients with periodontitis and control subjects. The GC genotype appeared as a protective factor for periodontitis. Results showed increased levels of salivary IL-6 in periodontitis patients. Nevertheless, there was no relationship between the concentrations of IL-6 and genotypes when comparing the case and control groups. Conclusions. Our data indicate an association between IL6 c.-174G>C polymorphism and periodontitis and showed that IL-6 may be considered an important marker for periodontitis.