Search

Climate oscillations affect fish population dynamics, ecological processes and fisheries activities in marine ecosystems. In the western Mediterranean, several atmospheric indices associated with pressure oscillations have been identified as the main drivers of the abundance or availability of certain resources exploited by fisheries. The main aim of this study was to explore the association between the potential effects of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the Arctic Oscillation (AO) on the first sale price of fresh fish at the fish market of the most representative commercial species of the fisheries in the Alboran Sea (Mediterranean Sea). We used the Pearson correlation test to investigate correlations between the atmospheric oscillation indices and the fish market price of the selected species. The results suggest that inter- and intra-annual atmospheric oscillations may have an effect on bonito (Sarda sarda), European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) and catsharks (Scyliorhinus spp.) abundance and catchability in the Alboran Sea and, therefore, an impact on their fish market presence and price variability according to the law of supply and demand

Chondrichthyes, which include Elasmobranchii (sharks and batoids) and Holocephali (chimaeras), are a relatively small group in the Mediterranean Sea (89 species) playing a key role in the ecosystems where they are found. At present, many species of this group are threatened as a result of anthropogenic effects, including fishing activity. Knowledge of the spatial distribution of these species is of great importance to understand their ecological role and for the efficient management of their populations, particularly if affected by fisheries. This study aims to analyze the spatial patterns of the distribution of Chondrichthyes species richness in the Mediterranean Sea. Information provided by the studied countries was used to model geographical and ecological variables affecting the Chondrichthyes species richness. The species were distributed in 16 Operational Geographical Units (OGUs), derived from the Geographical Sub-Areas (GSA) adopted by the General Fisheries Commission of the Mediterranean Sea (GFCM). Regression analyses with the species richness as a target variable were adjusted with a set of environmental and geographical variables, being the model that links richness of Chondrichthyes species with distance to the Strait of Gibraltar and number of taxonomic families of bony fishes the one that best explains it. This suggests that both historical and ecological factors affect the current distribution of Chondrichthyes within the Mediterranean Sea.

Effects of the North Atlantic Oscillation on Spanish catches of albacore, Thunnus alalunga, and yellowfin tuna, Thunnus albacares, in the North–east Atlantic Ocean.— Tuna are highly migratory pelagic species (HMPS) with great importance in commercial fishing. Several authors have highlighted the effect of climatic oscillations such as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) on HMPS. This paper analyzes the effects of the NAO on two HMPS: albacore, Thunnus alalunga, and yellowfin tuna, Thunnus albacares. Fishing data from the Spanish fleet operating in the North Atlantic area were obtained from the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT) database. The results show a positive correlation between the NAO index and the Catch per Unit Effort (CPUE) for both albacore and yellowfin tuna, depicting a potential effect on their capturability., Efectos de la Oscilación del Atlántico Norte en las capturas españolas de atún blanco, Thunnus alalunga, y de rabil, Thunnus albacares, en el océano Atlántico nororiental.— Los túnidos son considerados grandes migrantes pelágicos (GMP) y tienen un elevado interés en la pesca comercial. Varios autores han puesto de relieve el efecto de las oscilaciones climáticas como el índice Oscilación del Atlántico Norte (NAO) en los GMP. En este trabajo se analizan los efectos de la NAO en dos especies de GMP: el atún blanco, Thunnus alalunga, y el atún de aleta amarilla o rabil, Thunnus albacares. Los datos sobre pesca de la flota española que faena en la zona del Atlántico Norte se obtuvieron de la base de datos de la Comisión Internacional para la Conservación del Atún Atlántico (CICAA). Los resultados muestran una relación positiva entre el índice NAO y la captura por unidad de esfuerzo (CPUE) tanto para el atún blanco como para el rabil, lo que refleja un efecto potencial sobre su capturabilidad.

The digestive proteases of bluefin tuna Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758) were studied. Protease activity in stomach extracts showed two optima, at pH 2.0 and 3.5. Optimum activity for intestinal proteases was found at pH 10.0 and 12.0. Protease activity in stomach extracts was found to be stable at several pH, except for pH 12.0. Alkaline protease activity of intestine extracts was highly sensitive to acidic pH. Optimal temperatures found were 50 ºC for acid proteases and 60 ºC for alkaline proteases. The use of specific protease inhibitors indicated that the main presence of acid proteases was in stomach extracts, and serine proteases in intestine extracts. Active fractions in extracts were identified with SDS-PAGE., Se estudió la actividad proteasa digestiva de Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758). Se encontraron dos óptimos de pH, tanto para la actividad proteasa ácida de los extractos estomacales (2,0 y 3,5) como para la actividad proteasa alcalina de los intestinales (10,0 y 12,0). La primera se mantuvo muy estable en un rango amplio de pH, a excepción de pH muy alcalinos (12,0). Por su parte, la actividad proteasa alcalina se vio afectada por pH muy ácidos. Los óptimos de temperatura se determinaron en 50 y 60 ºC para la actividad proteasa ácida y alcalina, respectivamente. Mediante el uso de inhibidores de proteasa se comprobó la presencia de proteasas aspárticas en los extractos estomacales y de serin-proteasas en los intestinales. La realización de zimogramas permitió identificar las distintas fracciones con actividad proteolítica presentes en cada extracto.