27 results on '"Fernández-Palacios, J.M."'
Search Results
2. The spatiotemporal distribution of pollen traits related to dispersal and desiccation tolerance in Canarian laurel forest
- Author
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Nogué, S., de Nascimento, L., Graham, L., Brown, L.A., González, L.A.G., Castilla‐Beltrán, A., Peñuelas, J., Fernández‐Palacios, J.M., Willis, K.J., Nogué, S., de Nascimento, L., Graham, L., Brown, L.A., González, L.A.G., Castilla‐Beltrán, A., Peñuelas, J., Fernández‐Palacios, J.M., and Willis, K.J.
- Abstract
Questions: Pollen traits (e.g., size, wall thickness, number of apertures) have been suggested to be relevant in terms of pollination mechanisms and the ability of the male gametophyte to withstand desiccation. We examined the spatiotemporal distribution of pollen traits related to dispersal (ornamentation and dispersal unit) and desiccation tolerance (wall thickness, presence of furrows and pores and pollen size). Specifically, we address two questions: how are the pollen traits distributed in relation to different levels of aridity? And, how did the pollen trait composition change with changing past environmental conditions?. Location: Laurel forests of La Gomera and Tenerife (Canary Islands). Methods: We used pollen rain from 19 forest plots on an elevational gradient of 1050 m and all laurel forest types (cold, dry, humid and ridge crest) to quantify pollen trait composition using community-weighted means. In addition, we used fossil pollen to examine the composition of pollen traits over 9600 years in response to known intervals of regional past climate change. Results: Our results demonstrated increased prevalence of desiccation tolerance-related pollen traits over drier areas of the laurel forest distribution. We also found increased prevalence of rich pollen grain ornamentation in the core of the laurel forest distribution. Holocene pollen functional diversity increased during a trend towards drier conditions as did the proportion of pollen grains with apertures and thicker walls to indicate desiccation tolerance. Conclusions: Our study provides the first step towards understanding the role of pollen traits when quantifying the dynamics of different plant communities.
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- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Spatial pattern and scale of soil N and P fractions under the influence of a leguminous shrub in a Pinus canariensis forest
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Rodríguez, A., Durán, J., Fernández-Palacios, J.M., and Gallardo, A.
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- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Scientists’ warning – the outstanding biodiversity of islands is in peril. Global Ecology and Conservation
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Fernández-Palacios, J.M., Kreft, H., Irl, S.D.H., Norder, S.J., Ah-Peng, C., Borges, P.A.V., Burns, K.C., de Nascimento, L., Meyer, J-Y., Montes, E., Drake, D.R.
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- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Impacts of Forest Fire on Under story Species Diversity in Canary Pine Ecosystems on the Island of La Palma
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Weiser F.[1], Sauer A.[2], Gettueva D.[3], Field R.[4], Irl S.D. H.[5], Vetaas O.[6], Chiarucci A.[7], Hoffmann S.[1], Fernández-Palacios J.M.[8], Otto R.[8], Jentsch A.[9], Provenzale A.[10], Beierkuhnlein C.[1, and 12]
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beta diversity ,disturbance ,ecosystem functioning ,fire ,island ecology ,Lotus campylocladus ssp. Hillebrandii ,pine forest ,Pinus canariensis ,Sentinel-2 ,succession ,understory - Abstract
Forest fires are drivers of spatial patterns and temporal dynamics of vegetation and biodiversity. On the Canary Islands, large areas of pine forest exist, dominated by the endemic Canary Island pine, Pinus canariensis C. Sm. These mostly natural forests experience wildfires frequently. P. canariensis is well-adapted to such impacts and has the ability to re-sprout from both stems and branches. In recent decades, however, anthropogenically caused fires have increased, and climate change further enhances the likelihood of large forest fires. Through its dense, long needles, P. canariensis promotes cloud precipitation, which is an important ecosystem service for the freshwater supply of islands such as La Palma. Thus, it is important to understand the regeneration and vegetation dynamics of these ecosystems after fire. Here, we investigated species diversity patterns in the understory vegetation of P. canariensis forests after the large 2016 fire on the southern slopes of La Palma. We analyzed the effect of fire intensity, derived from Sentinel-2 NDVI differences, and of environmental variables, on species richness (alpha diversity) and compositional dissimilarity (beta diversity). We used redundancy analysis (dbRDA), Bray-Curtis dissimilarity, and variance partitioning for this analysis.
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- 2021
6. Set ambitious goals for biodiversity and sustainability
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Díaz, S., Zafra-Calvo, N., Purvis, A., Verburg, P.H., Obura, D., Leadley, Paul, Chaplin-Kramer, R., De Meester, L., Dulloo, E., Martín-López, B., Shaw, M.R., Visconti, P., Broadgate, W., Bruford, M.W., Burgess, N.D., Cavender-Bares, J., DeClerck, F., Fernández-Palacios, J.M., Garibaldi, Lucas A., Hill, S.L.L., Isbell, F., Khoury, C.K., Krug, C.B., Liu, J., Maron, Martine, McGowan, P.J.K., Pereira, H.M., Reyes-García, V., Rocha, J., Rondinini, C., Shannon, L., Shin, Y.-J., Snelgrove, P.V.R., Spehn, E.M., Strassburg, B., Subramanian, S.M., Tewksbury, J.J., Watson, J.E.M., Zanne, A.E., Díaz, S., Zafra-Calvo, N., Purvis, A., Verburg, P.H., Obura, D., Leadley, Paul, Chaplin-Kramer, R., De Meester, L., Dulloo, E., Martín-López, B., Shaw, M.R., Visconti, P., Broadgate, W., Bruford, M.W., Burgess, N.D., Cavender-Bares, J., DeClerck, F., Fernández-Palacios, J.M., Garibaldi, Lucas A., Hill, S.L.L., Isbell, F., Khoury, C.K., Krug, C.B., Liu, J., Maron, Martine, McGowan, P.J.K., Pereira, H.M., Reyes-García, V., Rocha, J., Rondinini, C., Shannon, L., Shin, Y.-J., Snelgrove, P.V.R., Spehn, E.M., Strassburg, B., Subramanian, S.M., Tewksbury, J.J., Watson, J.E.M., and Zanne, A.E.
- Abstract
Global biodiversity policy is at a crossroads. Recent global assessments of living nature and climate show worsening trends and a rapidly narrowing window for action. The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) has recently announced that none of the 20 Aichi targets for biodiversity it set in 2010 has been reached and only six have been partially achieved. Against this backdrop, nations are now negotiating the next generation of the CBD's global goals [see supplementary materials (SM)], due for adoption in 2021, which will frame actions of governments and other actors for decades to come. In response to the goals proposed in the draft post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) made public by the CBD (5), we urge negotiators to consider three points that are critical if the agreed goals are to stabilize or reverse nature's decline. First, multiple goals are required because of nature's complexity, with different facets—genes, populations, species, deep evolutionary history, ecosystems, and their contributions to people—having markedly different geographic distributions and responses to human drivers. Second, interlinkages among these facets mean that goals must be defined and developed holistically rather than in isolation, with potential to advance multiple goals simultaneously and minimize trade-offs between them. Third, only the highest level of ambition in setting each goal, and implementing all goals in an integrated manner, will give a realistic chance of stopping—and beginning to reverse—biodiversity loss by 2050.
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- 2020
7. Old-field succession along a precipitation gradient in the semi-arid coastal region of Tenerife
- Author
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Otto, R., Krüsi, B.O., Burga, C.A., and Fernández-Palacios, J.M.
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- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Pollen as a proxy for elevational ecoclimatic gradients - integrating climate, biodiversity, and time dimensions of biogeography
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RAVAZZI C., FURLANETTO G., BADINO F., BRUNETTI M., COMOLLI R., DE NASCIMENTO L., FERNÁNDEZ PALACIOS J.M., MAGGI V., NARANJO CIGALA A., PINI R., SERGE M.A., and VALLÉ F.
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Biogeography ,Pollen proxy ,Elevational transects - Abstract
During his explorations in temperate and tropical mountains, Humboldt made crucial observations about the importance of elevational climate gradients as drivers for biodiversity. We show here that pollen deposition may be a suitable, and statistically robust proxy for climate-driven elevational eco-gradients, thus assisting in the interpretation of modern ecosystem dynamics as well as in past climate reconstructions from fossil records. Our specific challenges are: (1) to derive consistent pollen-climate relationships in complex mountain regions bearing differences in local climates and intensity of human impact; (2) to find potential indicator taxa useful for paleoclimate reconstructions; (3) to estimate the effect of local parameters on the relationships linking pollen percentages variations, elevation and climate and put forward new hints for calibration of fossil sites; (4) to obtain quantitative climate reconstructions and compare the results with instrumental modelled data and finally (5) to integrate the newly-obtained pollen spectra into larger modern pollen samples datasets. We analyzed pollen deposition in the European Alps and the Canaries, captured by surface samples (subsampling mosses, forest litter, surface soil in open ground land) and artificial traps both at the ground level and over it. To examine the variance explained by climate parameters, elevational training sets were equipped with site-specific climatologies, together with an array of environmental variables (i.e. proxies for fire, nutrients, pastoralism, terrain parameters, plant cover). The potential for a quantitative reconstruction of sensible climate parameters was tested by canonical correspondence analysis (CCA), enhanced hierarchical logistic regression (extended eHOF models), and weighted averaging (WA).
- Published
- 2019
9. Beyond the Last Glacial Maximum: Island endemism is best explained by long-lasting archipelago configurations
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Norder, S.J. Proios, K. Whittaker, R.J. Alonso, M.R. Borges, P.A.V. Borregaard, M.K. Cowie, R.H. Florens, F.B.V. de Frias Martins, A.M. Ibáñez, M. Kissling, W.D. de Nascimento, L. Otto, R. Parent, C.E. Rigal, F. Warren, B.H. Fernández-Palacios, J.M. van Loon, E.E. Triantis, K.A. Rijsdijk, K.F.
- Abstract
Aim: To quantify the influence of past archipelago configuration on present-day insular biodiversity patterns, and to compare the role of long-lasting archipelago configurations over the Pleistocene to configurations of short duration such as at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and the present-day. Location: 53 volcanic oceanic islands from 12 archipelagos worldwide—Azores, Canary Islands, Cook Islands, Galápagos, Gulf of Guinea, Hawaii, Madeira, Mascarenes, Pitcairn, Revillagigedo, Samoan Islands and Tristan da Cunha. Time period: The last 800 kyr, representing the nine most recent glacial–interglacial cycles. Major taxa studied: Land snails and angiosperms. Methods: Species richness data for land snails and angiosperms were compiled from existing literature and species checklists. We reconstructed archipelago configurations at the following sea levels: the present-day high interglacial sea level, the intermediate sea levels that are representative of the Pleistocene and the low sea levels of the LGM. We fitted two alternative linear mixed models for each archipelago configuration using the number of single-island endemic, multiple-island endemic and (non-endemic) native species as a response. Model performance was assessed based on the goodness-of-fit of the full model, the variance explained by archipelago configuration and model parsimony. Results: Single-island endemic richness in both taxonomic groups was best explained by intermediate palaeo-configuration (positively by area change, and negatively by palaeo-connectedness), whereas non-endemic native species richness was poorly explained by palaeo-configuration. Single-island endemic richness was better explained by intermediate archipelago configurations than by the archipelago configurations of the LGM or present-day. Main conclusions: Archipelago configurations at intermediate sea levels—which are representative of the Pleistocene—have left a stronger imprint on single-island endemic richness patterns on volcanic oceanic islands than extreme archipelago configurations that persisted for only a few thousand years (such as the LGM). In understanding ecological and evolutionary dynamics of insular biota it is essential to consider longer-lasting environmental conditions, rather than extreme situations alone. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd
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- 2019
10. Archipelagos and meta-archipelagos
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Whittaker, R.J. Fernández-Palacios, J.M. Matthews, T.J. Rigal, F. Triantis, K.A.
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The term meta-archipelago has been in use in cultural studies for some time, to refer to certain complex island areas in which the boundaries between conventionally recognised archipelagos are indistinct, although the concept also carries additional connotations. Use of the term in biogeography appears more recent and without effort to prescribe its meaning. We outline, from a biogeographical perspective, distinctions between meta-archipelagos and archipelagos and those islands not occurring within either collective grouping, highlighting that network analysis tools provide metrics for formal analytical purposes. © The authors.
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- 2018
11. Regeneration niche of the Canarian juniper : the role of adults, shrubs and environmental conditions
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Otto, R., Krüsi, Bertil, Delgado, J.D., Fernández-Palacios, J.M., García-del-Rey, E., Arévalo, J.R., Otto, R., Krüsi, Bertil, Delgado, J.D., Fernández-Palacios, J.M., García-del-Rey, E., and Arévalo, J.R.
- Abstract
Erworben im Rahmen der Schweizer Nationallizenzen (http://www.nationallizenzen.ch)
- Published
- 2018
12. Oceanic island biogeography through the lens of the general dynamic model: Assessment and prospect
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Borregaard, M.K. Amorim, I.R. Borges, P.A.V. Cabral, J.S. Fernández-Palacios, J.M. Field, R. Heaney, L.R. Kreft, H. Matthews, T.J. Olesen, J.M. Price, J. Rigal, F. Steinbauer, M.J. Triantis, K.A. Valente, L. Weigelt, P. Whittaker, R.J.
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The general dynamic model of oceanic island biogeography (GDM) has added a new dimension to theoretical island biogeography in recognizing that geological processes are key drivers of the evolutionary processes of diversification and extinction within remote islands. It provides a dynamic and essentially non-equilibrium framework generating novel predictions for emergent diversity properties of oceanic islands and archipelagos. Its publication in 2008 coincided with, and spurred on, renewed attention to the dynamics of remote islands. We review progress, both in testing the GDM’s predictions and in developing and enhancing ecological–evolutionary understanding of oceanic island systems through the lens of the GDM. In particular, we focus on four main themes: (i) macroecological tests using a space-for-time rationale; (ii) extensions of theory to islands following different patterns of ontogeny; (iii) the implications of GDM dynamics for lineage diversification and trait evolution; and (iv) the potential for downscaling GDM dynamics to local-scale ecological patterns and processes within islands. We also consider the implications of the GDM for understanding patterns of non-native species diversity. We demonstrate the vitality of the field of island biogeography by identifying a range of potentially productive lines for future research. © 2016 Cambridge Philosophical Society.
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- 2017
13. Island biogeography: Taking the long view of natures labor atories
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Whittaker, R.J. Fernández-Palacios, J.M. Matthews, T.J. Borregaard, M.K. Triantis, K.A.
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Islands provide classic model biological systems. We review how growing appreciation of geoenvironmental dynamics of marine islands has led to advances in island biogeographic theory accommodating both evolutionary and ecological phenomena. Recognition of distinct island geodynamics permits general models to be developed and modified to account for patterns of diversity, diversification, lineage development, and trait evolution within and across island archipelagos. Emergent patterns of diversity include predictable variation in island species-area relationships, progression rule colonization from older to younger land masses, and syndromes including loss of dispersability and secondary woodiness in herbaceous plant lineages. Further developments in Earth system science, molecular biology, and trait data for islands hold continued promise for unlocking many of the unresolved questions in evolutionary biology and biogeography.
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- 2017
14. A roadmap for island biology: 50 fundamental questions after 50 years of The Theory of Island Biogeography
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Patiño, J. Whittaker, R.J. Borges, P.A.V. Fernández-Palacios, J.M. Ah-Peng, C. Araújo, M.B. Ávila, S.P. Cardoso, P. Cornuault, J. de Boer, E.J. de Nascimento, L. Gil, A. González-Castro, A. Gruner, D.S. Heleno, R. Hortal, J. Illera, J.C. Kaiser-Bunbury, C.N. Matthews, T.J. Papadopoulou, A. Pettorelli, N. Price, J.P. Santos, A.M.C. Steinbauer, M.J. Triantis, K.A. Valente, L. Vargas, P. Weigelt, P. Emerson, B.C.
- Abstract
Aims: The 50th anniversary of the publication of the seminal book, The Theory of Island Biogeography, by Robert H. MacArthur and Edward O. Wilson, is a timely moment to review and identify key research foci that could advance island biology. Here, we take a collaborative horizon-scanning approach to identify 50 fundamental questions for the continued development of the field. Location: Worldwide. Methods: We adapted a well-established methodology of horizon scanning to identify priority research questions in island biology, and initiated it during the Island Biology 2016 conference held in the Azores. A multidisciplinary working group prepared an initial pool of 187 questions. A series of online surveys was then used to refine a list of the 50 top priority questions. The final shortlist was restricted to questions with a broad conceptual scope, and which should be answerable through achievable research approaches. Results: Questions were structured around four broad and partially overlapping island topics, including: (Macro)Ecology and Biogeography, (Macro)Evolution, Community Ecology, and Conservation and Management. These topics were then subdivided according to the following subject areas: global diversity patterns (five questions in total); island ontogeny and past climate change (4); island rules and syndromes (3); island biogeography theory (4); immigration–speciation–extinction dynamics (5); speciation and diversification (4); dispersal and colonization (3); community assembly (6); biotic interactions (2); global change (5); conservation and management policies (5); and invasive alien species (4). Main conclusions: Collectively, this cross-disciplinary set of topics covering the 50 fundamental questions has the potential to stimulate and guide future research in island biology. By covering fields ranging from biogeography, community ecology and evolution to global change, this horizon scan may help to foster the formation of interdisciplinary research networks, enhancing joint efforts to better understand the past, present and future of island biotas. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd
- Published
- 2017
15. Surviving in isolation: genetic variation, bottlenecks and reproductive strategies in the Canarian endemic Limonium macrophyllum (Plumbaginaceae)
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Jiménez, A., Weigelt, B., Santos-Guerra, A., Caujapé Castells, J., Fernández-Palacios, J.M., Conti, E., Jiménez, A., Weigelt, B., Santos-Guerra, A., Caujapé Castells, J., Fernández-Palacios, J.M., and Conti, E.
- Abstract
Oceanic archipelagos are typically rich in endemic taxa, because they offer ideal conditions for diversification and speciation in isolation. One of the most remarkable evolutionary radiations on the Canary Islands comprises the 16 species included in Limonium subsection Nobiles, all of which are subject to diverse threats, and legally protected. Since many of them are single-island endemics limited to one or a few populations, there exists a risk that a loss of genetic variation might limit their long-term survival. In this study, we used eight newly developed microsatellite markers to characterize the levels of genetic variation and inbreeding in L. macrophyllum, a species endemic to the North-east of Tenerife that belongs to Limonium subsection Nobiles. We detected generally low levels of genetic variation over all populations (H = 0.363), and substantial differentiation among populations (F = 0.188; R = 0.186) coupled with a negligible degree of inbreeding (F = 0.042). Obligate outcrossing may have maintained L. macrophyllum relatively unaffected by inbreeding despite the species’ limited dispersal ability and the genetic bottlenecks likely caused by a prolonged history of grazing. Although several factors still constitute a risk for the conservation of L. macrophyllum, the lack of inbreeding and the recent positive demographic trends observed in the populations of this species are factors that favour its future persistence.
- Published
- 2017
16. GUIDELINES AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLANS OF THE POTENTIAL SPECIAL AREA OF CONSERVATION OF BANCO DE LA CONCEPCIÓN
- Author
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Fernández-Palacios, J.M. (José María), Martín-Sosa, P. (Pablo), and Jiménez, S. (Sebastián)
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Marine Protected Areas ,Multicriteria Decision Analysis ,Management Plan ,Delphi Method ,Canary Islands ,Special Area of Conservation ,Analytic Hierarchy Process ,DPSIR ,Centro Oceanográfico de Canarias ,Natura 2000 ,Medio Marino ,Monitoring Program ,Conception Bank - Abstract
The monitoring plan of a Marine Protected Area (MPA) is a fundamental element within its management plan, being designed for meeting the requirements of the site, as well as controlling and informing about the processes affecting the system analysed. Despite its importance, several deficiencies have been found in the monitoring and management plans of the Special Areas of Conservation (SACs) of the Macaronesian Region within Natura 2000 network. One of these shortfalls deals with the indicators selected. Taking advantage of the need of producing a management plan for upgrading the Banco de La Concepción to a SAC, a methodology able to deal with this issue and to generate the necessary guidelines and recommendations on which the management plan can be based, has been set up. Banco de La Concepción is an offshore seamount located in the Macaronesian biogeographical region, characterized by being a spot of high productivity and biodiversity within a more oligotrophic environment. Among the communities and species existing there we can highlight the presence of reef communities considered a priority habitat and included in the Annex I of the European Habitats Directive as sensitive habitat, as well as the presence of the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) and the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus), both sensitive species included in the Annex II of the same directive. The methods used have been various including: i) the development of a driver-pressure-state-impacts-response (DPSIR) conceptual model, with the aim of determining the elements affecting the MPA for selecting a suitable list of indicators, ii) the Delphi method for incorporating the experts’ opinion, and iii) the implementation of a Multicriteria-Decision-Analysis (MCDA) approach, specifically the Analytical-Hierarchy-Process (AHP) for determining the suitability of the indicators for the evaluated system, thus generating a novel methodological combination used for the first time in a Spain for MPA evaluation. The results obtained highlight the suitability of 18 indicators from 144 initially detected, divided within four groups considered (driving forces, pressures, state/impact and responses). Among them “Fishing effort”, “Catch per unit effort”, “Extent of Habitats/Communities” and “Existence and adoption of a monitoring plan” stand out as the more appropriate for each group regarding the Banco de La Concepción monitoring. Finally, the advices given by the project INDEMARES have been followed and an alternative methodology able to perform in a transparent way the selection of indicators for the Spanish marine SACs management plans, which they currently lack, has been developed.
- Published
- 2016
17. Oceanic archipelagos: A perspective on the geodynamics and biogeography of the World's smallest biotic provinces
- Author
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Triantis, K.A. Whittaker, R.J. Fernández-Palacios, J.M. Geist, D.J.
- Abstract
Since the contributions of Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace, oceanic archipelagos have played a central role in the development of biogeography. However, despite the critical influence of oceanic islands on ecological and evolutionary theory, our focus has remained limited to either the island-level of specific archipelagos or single archipelagos. Recently, it was proposed that oceanic archipelagos qualify as biotic provinces, with diversity primarily reflecting a balance between speciation and extinction, with colonization having a minor role. Here we focus on major attributes of the archipelagic geological dynamics that can affect diversity at both the island and the archipelagic level. We also reaffirm that oceanic archipelagos are appropriate spatiotemporal units to frame analyses in order to understand large scale patterns of biodiversity. © 2016 the authors.
- Published
- 2016
18. Recommendations and guidelines for the development of the managing plan of the future SAC of Banco de La Concepción (Canary Islands)
- Author
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Fernández-Palacios, J.M. (José María) and Martín-Sosa, P. (Pablo)
- Subjects
DPSIR ,Marine Protected Areas ,Multicriteria Decision Analysis ,Delphi Method ,Management Plan ,Natura 2000 ,Canary Islands ,Special Area of Conservation ,Analytic Hierarchy Process ,Monitoring Program ,Conception Bank - Abstract
The monitoring plan of a Marine Protected Area (MPA) is a fundamental element within its management plan, being designed for meeting the requirements of the site, as well as controlling and informing about the processes affecting the system analysed. Despite its importance, several deficiencies have been found in the monitoring and management plans of the Special Areas of Conservation (SACs) of the Macaronesian Region within Natura 2000 network. One of these shortfalls deals with the indicators selected. Taking advantage of the need of producing a management plan for upgrading the Banco de La Concepción to a SAC, a methodology able to deal with this issue and to generate the necessary guidelines and recommendations on which the management plan can be based, has been set up. Banco de La Concepción is an offshore seamount located in the Macaronesian biogeographical region, characterized by being a spot of high productivity and biodiversity within a more oligotrophic environment. Among the communities and species existing there we can highlight the presence of reef communities considered a priority habitat and included in the Annex I of the European Habitats Directive as sensitive habitat, as well as the presence of the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) and the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus), both sensitive species included in the Annex II of the same directive. The methods used have been various including: i) the development of a driver-pressure-state-impacts-response (DPSIR) conceptual model, with the aim of determining the elements affecting the MPA for selecting a suitable list of indicators, ii) the Delphi method for incorporating the experts’ opinion, and iii) the implementation of a Multicriteria-Decision-Analysis (MCDA) approach, specifically the Analytical-Hierarchy-Process (AHP) for determining the suitability of the indicators for the evaluated system, thus generating a novel methodological combination used for the first time in a Spain for MPA evaluation. The results obtained highlight the suitability of 18 indicators from 144 initially detected, divided within four groups considered (driving forces, pressures, state/impact and responses). Among them “Fishing effort”, “Catch per unit effort”, “Extent of Habitats/Communities” and “Existence and adoption of a monitoring plan” stand out as the more appropriate for each group regarding the Banco de La Concepción monitoring. Finally, the advices given by the project INDEMARES have been followed and an alternative methodology able to perform in a transparent way the selection of indicators for the Spanish marine SACs management plans, which they currently lack, has been developed.
- Published
- 2016
19. Islands as model systems in ecology and evolution: Prospects fifty years after MacArthur-Wilson
- Author
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Warren, B.H. Simberloff, D. Ricklefs, R.E. Aguilée, R. Condamine, F.L. Gravel, D. Morlon, H. Mouquet, N. Rosindell, J. Casquet, J. Conti, E. Cornuault, J. Fernández-Palacios, J.M. Hengl, T. Norder, S.J. Rijsdijk, K.F. Sanmartín, I. Strasberg, D. Triantis, K.A. Valente, L.M. Whittaker, R.J. Gillespie, R.G. Emerson, B.C. Thébaud, C.
- Abstract
The study of islands as model systems has played an important role in the development of evolutionary and ecological theory. The 50th anniversary of MacArthur and Wilson's (December 1963) article, 'An equilibrium theory of insular zoogeography', was a recent milestone for this theme. Since 1963, island systems have provided new insights into the formation of ecological communities. Here, building on such developments, we highlight prospects for research on islands to improve our understanding of the ecology and evolution of communities in general. Throughout, we emphasise how attributes of islands combine to provide unusual research opportunities, the implications of which stretch far beyond islands. Molecular tools and increasing data acquisition now permit re-assessment of some fundamental issues that interested MacArthur and Wilson. These include the formation of ecological networks, species abundance distributions, and the contribution of evolution to community assembly. We also extend our prospects to other fields of ecology and evolution - understanding ecosystem functioning, speciation and diversification - frequently employing assets of oceanic islands in inferring the geographic area within which evolution has occurred, and potential barriers to gene flow. Although island-based theory is continually being enriched, incorporating non-equilibrium dynamics is identified as a major challenge for the future. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd/CNRS.
- Published
- 2015
20. Modelling sea level driven change of Macaronesian archipelago configurations since 120 kyr BP
- Author
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Rijsdijk, K.F., Hengl, T., Norder, S.J., Ávila, S.P., Fernández-Palácios, J.M., Fernández-Palacios, J.M., De Nascimento, L., Hernández, J.C., Clemente, S., González, A., Díaz-González, J.P., and Computational Geo-Ecology (IBED, FNWI)
- Abstract
The MacArthur and Wilson island biogeography theory relates species diversity on islands as the result of equilibrium between extinctions and colonization events which rates depend on island size and isolation. Although island size and isolation can be considered static on ecological timescales (
- Published
- 2014
21. Insular environmental change; climate-forced and system-driven
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Hooghiemstra, H., Rijsdijk, K.F., de Boer, E., de Nascimento, L., Florens, F.B.V., Baider, C., Fernández-Palacios, J.M., Hernández, J.C., Clemente, S., González, A., Díaz-González, J.P., Computational Geo-Ecology (IBED, FNWI), and Paleoecology and Landscape Ecology (IBED, FNWI)
- Abstract
Vegetation dynamics since the last glacial maximum in small oceanic islands and in continental settings are compared. We selected the islands of Minorca (Western Mediterranean), Tenerife (Eastern Atlantic), the Azores (Central Atlantic) and Mauritius (Indian Ocean) and compared pollen-based dynamics with selected continental areas of southern Italy, the Atlas mountains, northwest Africa, and the East African mountains. We identified potential areas where plant diversity is conserved during unfavourable periods serving as refugial areas. Most pollen records from small oceanic islands with a low topography show, as far as the pollen records reach, stable forest compositions suggesting floral diversity is lodged within a mosaic-like structure. In mountainous islands data point to an altitudinal distribution of plant diversity and to altitudinal migration of plants as a response to climate change. In Mauritius we registered at 11.4 cal. ka a climate-forced change in forest composition which triggered a cascade of species turnover events considered as system-driven. In the small islands discussed we identified areas with a high potential to provide on a long-term shelter to insular floral diversity, thus serving as a refugium: 1) gallery forest located along the drainage system (topography constrained), 2) cloud forest located at the elevation where atmospheric moisture condensates and cloud formation takes place (sea surface temperature and atmospheric lapse rate constrained), 3) and deeply incised valleys, connecting diversity between all available elevations, where relatively humid conditions prevail such as the barrancos in Tenerife and the deeply incised valleys in Mauritius (geomorphology and sea-level constrained).
- Published
- 2013
22. Strong negative effect of alien herbivores on endemic legumes of the Canary pine forest
- Author
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Garzón-Machado, V., primary, González-Mancebo, J.M., additional, Palomares-Martínez, A., additional, Acevedo-Rodríguez, A., additional, Fernández-Palacios, J.M., additional, Del-Arco-Aguilar, M., additional, and Pérez-de-Paz, P.L., additional
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Changes in plant species composition and litter production in response to roads and trails in the laurel forest of Tenerife (Canary Islands).
- Author
-
Arévalo, J.R., Delgado, J.D., and Fernández-Palacios, J.M.
- Subjects
PLANT species ,PLANT litter ,CONVERGENT evolution - Abstract
Road density has increased in the Canary Islands' forests during the last century, affecting an unknown amount of forested area. We studied road effects on vegetation in the relict laurel forest of Tenerife. We assessed edge effects on plant species richness, plant composition and litter production. Effects of anthropogenic corridors on vegetation differed between paved roads and unpaved trails. Opportunistic species (shade intolerant) dominated road edges, but composition differed among all sites. Multivariate analysis revealed convergence in species composition along the corridor-interior gradient. For trails, both species richness and litter production did not differ significantly between edge and interior. Road edge effects on vegetation were detectable only within the first 10 m towards the interior. This suggests that the main effects of roads and trails on species richness are limited to the immediate edge of the laurel forest. Litter fall along road edges was half that of the interior. However, no significant differences were detected due to the high variability of the data. A buffer of approximately 10 m would result in the reduction of the total area of the remaining undisturbed laurel forest. Based on these results, the building of new paved roads should not be considered. Low human population inflow into the Anaga Rural Park needs to be maintained on a sustainable basis. Forest managers should take these road/trail effects into account when planning new road openings in this ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Road and topography effects on invasion: edge effects in rat foraging patterns in two oceanic island forests (Tenerife, Canary Islands).
- Author
-
Delgado, J.D., Arévalo, J.R., and Fernández-Palacios, J.M.
- Subjects
BIODIVERSITY ,ECOLOGY ,RATS - Abstract
We studied the effect of road edges on foraging activity by introduced ship or roof rats Rattus rattus in road-fragmented laurel and pine forests on Tenerife (Canary Islands). By using selective baited stations enabling only foraging by rats we assessed bait removal rates along a road-interior gradient and different topographic locations. We recorded higher removal rates in the laurel than in the pine forest regardless of the distance to road. We detected an edge effect of paved roads on introduced rat foraging. Removal rates were significantly greater along road edges than in forest interior in the laurel forest but not in the pine forest. Rats were more active along road habitats in forest ridges and slopes than in ravine beds in the laurel forest. There was no difference between topographic locations in rat activity at any distance from the road in the pine forest. It is suggested that variation in foraging intensity by introduced rats in road-fragmented forests on these islands may depend, among other factors, on forest type, road edge effects and topographic pattern of the landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Biogeographical determinants of pteridophytes and spermatophytes on oceanic archipelagos
- Author
-
Kostas A. Triantis, José María Fernández-Palacios, Giovanni Bacaro, Alessandro Chiarucci, Chiarucci, Alessandro, Bacaro, Giovanni, Triantis, Kostas A., Fernández Palacios, Josémaria, Chiarucci A., Bacaro G., Triantis K.A., and Fernández-Palacios J.M.
- Subjects
Canarie ,Species richne ,Canaries ,Gal´apagos ,Evolution ,Insular biogeography ,Marquesa ,Introduced species ,Plant Science ,Biology ,Marquesas ,Hawaii ,predictive model ,Predictive models ,Cape verde ,Galápago ,Behavior and Systematics ,species richness ,Endemism ,Azores ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Island biogeography ,Cape Verde ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Ecology ,Galápagos ,Biota ,predictive models ,Flora ,Species richness ,Archipelagic state ,Predictive model ,flora ,island biogeography ,Archipelago ,Azore - Abstract
Using the data from six oceanic archipelagos, we investigated the species richness patterns on islands for all natives, archipelagic endemics and single-island endemics of pteridophytes and spermatophytes. We tested the hypothesis that the descriptive ability of biogeographical factors for species is reduced as we move from native species, to archipelagic endemics and to single island endemics, because of the increasing importance of island ‘idiosyncrasies’ (i.e. unique features of each island shaping its biota, such as catastrophic volcanic eruptions, random colonization events, mega-landslides) in controlling the species richness of endemic species. This hypothesis was addressed using two approaches: (1) the island species–area relationships (ISARs), and (2) a multiple regression approach with variable selection based on permutation, to test the combined effects of island area with other biogeographical factors. Area was an effective predictor of species richness for all native species (R 2 = 0.568 and R 2 = 0.624 for pteridophytes and spermatophytes respectively), but its predictive capacity decreased for archipelagic endemics (R 2 = 0.261 and R 2 = 0.531) and single-island endemics (R 2 = 0.084 and R 2 = 0.438). The reduction of R 2 from all native species, to archipelagic endemics and to single-island endemics was attributed to the increasing effects of the ‘idiosyncrasies’ of each island. The predictive capacity of multiple regression models increased with respect to ISARs, ranging from 27.3% (for single-island endemic pteridophytes) to 83.3% (all native pteridophytes), and included three to five predictors. Island area remained the most important variable for spermatophytes but was less important for pteridophytes. For pteridophytes, elevation was the most important predictor for native species, while isolation-related variables were the most important predictors for archipelagic endemics and single-island endemics. Our results support the hypothesis that as we move from native, to archipelagic endemic and to single-island endemic species the predictive ability of models is reduced, indicating an increased effect of the ‘idiosyncratic’ character of islands.
- Published
- 2011
26. Additive partitioning as a tool for investigating the flora diversity in oceanic archipelagos
- Author
-
Alessandro Chiarucci, José Ramón Arévalo, Juan D. Delgado, Giovanni Bacaro, José María Fernández-Palacios, Chiarucci, Alessandro, Bacaro, Giovanni, Ramón Arévalo, José, Domingo Delgado, Juan, María Fernández Palacios, José, A. CHIARUCCI, BACARO G, ARÉVALO J.R, DELGADO J.D, and FERNÁNDEZ-PALACIOS J.M
- Subjects
Flora ,Insular biogeography ,Evolution ,Plant Science ,Biology ,Additive partitioning ,Biodiversity ,Island biogeography ,Pteridophytes ,Species diversity ,Spermatophytes ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Spermatophyte ,Cape verde ,Behavior and Systematics ,Endemism ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Pteridophyte ,Ecology ,biology.organism_classification ,Archipelago ,Species richness ,human activities ,geographic locations - Abstract
This paper introduces the integration of additive partitioning with species--area relationships to island biogeography in order to address the question "How are the pteridophyte and spermatophyte native and endemic flora of different oceanic archipelagos partitioned across islands?". Species richness data of all endemic species and all native species of pteridophytes and spermatophytes were obtained for the Azores, Canaries and Cape Verde in the Atlantic Ocean and Galbpagos, Hawaii and Marquesas in the Pacific Ocean. Additive partitioning of species diversity was used to quantify how much of the total diversity of an oceanic archipelago flora ([gamma]-diversity) is due to (i) the mean species richness of the flora of each island ([alpha]-diversity), (ii) the variability in species richness of the floras across islands ([beta]Nestedness) and (iii) the complementarity in species composition of the floras of different islands ([beta]Replacement). The analysis was separately performed for the native and endemic pteridophyte and spermatophyte floras. The diversity partitioning of the six archipelagos showed large differences in how the flora of each archipelago is partitioned among the [alpha], [beta]Nestedness and [beta]Replacement components, for pteridophytes and spermatophytes and for all endemic species and all native species. The [alpha]-diversity was more important for all native species than for endemic species and more important for pteridophytes than for spermatophytes, with the Azores showing outstanding high values of [alpha]-diversity. The [beta]Nestedness was higher for pteridophytes than for spermatophytes and higher for endemic species than for all native species in both pteridophytes and spermatophytes. The values of [beta]Replacement suggested that: (i) the spermatophyte native flora is more differentiated across islands than the pteridophyte native flora and (ii) the pteridophyte endemic flora and, especially, the spermatophyte endemic flora are more differentiated across islands than the corresponding native flora. An outstanding value of [beta]Replacement for endemic and all native spermatophytes was found in Hawaii, confirming the biogeographical island differentiation in this archipelago
- Published
- 2010
27. Lizards and birds as generalized pollinators and seed dispersers of island plants
- Author
-
Olesen, J., Valido, A., Fernández-Palacios, J.M., and Morici, C.
- Published
- 2004
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