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Foliar fertilisation is an application technique that is increasingly being used in agriculture and offers the possibility of providing nutrients directly to the site of highest demand. Especially for phosphorus (P), foliar application is an interesting alternative to soil fertilisation, but foliar uptake mechanisms are poorly understood. To gain a better understanding of the importance of leaf surface features for foliar P uptake, we conducted a study with tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and pepper (Capsicum annuum) plants, which have different leaf surface traits. For this purpose, drops of 200 mM KH2PO4 without surfactant were applied onto the adaxial or abaxial leaf side or to the leaf veins and the rate of foliar P absorption was evaluated after one day. Additionally, leaf surfaces were characterised in detail by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), estimating also leaf surface wettability and free energy, among other parameters. While the leaves of pepper hardly contained any trichomes, the abaxial side and the leaf veins of tomato leaves were densely covered with trichomes. The cuticle of tomato leaves was thin (approximately 50 nm), while that of pepper was thick (approximately 150–200 nm) and impregnated with lignin. Due to the fact that trichomes were most abundant in the leaf veins of tomato, dry foliar fertiliser drop residues were observed to be anchored there, and the highest P uptake occurred via tomato leaf veins, resulting in 62% increased P concentration. However, in pepper, the highest rate of P absorption was recorded after abaxial-side P treatment (+66% P). Our results provide evidence that different leaf parts contribute unequally to the absorption of foliar-applied agrochemicals, which could potentially be useful for optimising foliar spray treatments in different crops.

RESUMEN: En muchos campos de la ciencia es importante el cálculo preciso de p-valores de test estadísticos, generalmente asociados a contrastes de hipótesis. A menudo nos encontramos con que no se está seguro de la corrección de aplicar métodos asintóticos y se utilizan métodos de MonteCarlo. Sin embargo, en algunas aplicaciones los p-valores que se quieren calcular, hacen inviable este método en modo práctico. Se ha estudiado la aplicación a este caso del llamado muestreo por importancia que teóricamente debería resolver este problema, aunque su aplicación práctica no es evidente. En este trabajo, presentamos una propuesta de elección de funciones de muestreo y exploramos su aplicación, tanto desde el punto de vista teórico como con simulaciones de algunos ejemplos típicos con R. Se comprueba que el método da resultados excelentes en algunos casos, permitiendo calcular p-valores muy pequeños con muestreos reducidos, aunque por otra parte se comprueba que el método no es universal. ABSTRACT: In many scientific fields the precise calculation of p-values of statistical tests, usually associated with hypothesis testing, is important. Often we find that we are not sure of the correctness of applying asymptotic methods that’s why MonteCarlo methods are used. However, in some applications the calculus of the p-values make this method unfeasible in practical terms. The application of the importance sampling method has been studied, which theoretically should solve this problem, although its practical application is not evi dent. In this paper, we present a proposal for the choice of sampling functions and explore their application, from a theoretical point of view and with simulations in R of some typical examples. It is shown that the method gives excellent results in some cases, allowing the calculation of very small p-values with reduced samples, although it is also shown that the method is not universal. Grado en Matemáticas

EUSKERA Gradu Amaierako Lan honetan mikrosare elektriko adimendun baten diseinua gauzatzen da Euskl Herriko Unibertsitateko Leioako Campusean. Horretarako beharrezkoak diren jarraibide, diseinu irizpide eta kalkuluak gauzatu dira, beti ere indarrean dagoen araudia kontutan izanda (Behe Tentsioko Erregelamendu Elektroteknikoa edota Eraikingintzaren Kode Teknikoa besteak beste). Era berean, mikrosarea osatzen duten instalazioak dagoeneko Campusean dauden egituretara moldatu behar izan da. Mikrosarearen helburua ibilgailu elektrikoen karga puntuak hornitzea da, honetarako parke fotovoltaiko batek jatorri berriztagarriko energia fotovoltaikoa ekoiztuko du. Geroago, energia hau ibilgailu elektrikoen karga puntuetara bideratuko dela. Energia hornikuntzaren fidagarritasuna bermatzeko, gehiegizko energia metatuko duen bateria banku bat instalatuko da. Energiaren fluxu hau kudeatzeaz Modbus RS485 protokoloaren bidezko komunikazio sare bat izango da. Hau eta gero, energia soberakinik egotekotan, hau autokontsumorako erabiliko da Gizarte eta Komunikazio Zientzien Fakultatearen transformazio zentroko transformadorearekin egindako konexioaren bitartez. Azkenik, HOMER Pro simulazio programaren bidezko simulazio bat gauzatu da. Bertan energia berriztagarri sorgailu mota bi (eolikoa eta fotovoltaikoa) integratzen dituen mikrosare elektriko baten diseinua eta simulazioa egin da egitura mota hauen bideragarritasun ekonomiko eta teknologikoa frogatzeko. CASTELLANO En el presente Trabajo de Fin de Grado se realiza el diseño de una microrred eléctrica inteligente en el Campus de Leioa de la Universidad del País Vasco. Para ello se han tenido en cuenta los distintos procedimientos y parámetros de diseño oportunos, así como la legislación y normativas vigentes (por ejemplo, el Reglamento Electrotécnico de Baja Tensión y el Código Técnico de la edificación). Del mismo modo, las instalaciones que integran la microrred eléctrica se han tenido que adaptar a las propias infraestructuras del Campus. La finalidad de la microrred es abastecer puntos de recarga de vehículos eléctricos aprovechando la energía generada por un parque fotovoltaico. Con el fin de garantizar el suministro ininterrumpido de la energía generada, se instalará un banco de baterías para almacenar la energía que no se utilice al momento. Llegados a esta situación, en el caso de que siguiera existiendo una situación con exceso de energía, esta será desviada para su uso en régimen de autoconsumo, abasteciendo las necesidades energéticas del Campus. La conexión con la red del Campus se realizará mediante un transformador ubicado en el centro de transformación de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y de la Comunicación. El responsable de gestionar todo el flujo de la energía será una red de comunicaciones mediante el protocolo Modbus RS485. Por último, se ha realizado una simulación mediante el software HOMER Pro. Mediante esta simulación, se ha diseñado una microrred eléctrica que integra dos tipos de generación renovable (eólica y fotovoltaica) para demostrar la viabilidad económica y tecnológica de este tipo de estructuras. ENGLISH In this final degree project, it is carried out the design of an electric smart microgrid in the Campus of the University of the Basque Country located in Leioa. In order to achieve this, there have been taken into account different procedures, design parameters and calculations, as well as the current regulations and legislation (for example, the low voltage electrotechnical regulation and the building technical code). In the same way, the installations that integrate the electric microgrid have had been adapted to the present structures of the Campus. The main purpose of the microgrid is to supply energy to electric vehicle charge points using the renewable energy generated by a solar photovoltaic plant. Later, this energy will be conducted to the charge points. With the objective of maintaining the generated energy supply, a battery bank will be installed to gather the energy that it is not used at the moment. In this situation, if an excess energy situation occurs, it will be driven for self-consumption, in order to supply the Campus energy needs. The connection with the Campus electrical grid will be performed with a transformer located in the transformation center of the Social Sciences and Communication faculty. All the energy flow will be managed by the exchange of information between the different elements of the microgrid using the Modbus RS485 protocol. Finally, a simulation was carried out using the HOMER Pro software. By this simulation, it has been shown the technological an economic viability of an electric microgrid that integrates two different types of renewable resources (wind and solar).

L'objectiu principal del reportatge consisteix a publicar dades i informacions relatives a la veritable situació actual i les previsions futures de Naturlandia. S'ha parlat molt al llarg dels últims anys sobre el parc i la investigació serveix per donar veu als protagonistes que tenen una opinió totalment contraposada sobre aquest projecte. El treball recopila les principals dades relatives a Naturlandia: els comptes d'explotació, la situació financera del Comú de Sant Julià, el nombre de treballadors, el nombre de visitants, el nombre d'animals, etc. La investigació havia de contrastar les informacions facilitades pel Comú sobre els números de l'explotació del parc amb les xifres reals. En aquest sentit, era determinant conèixer quin era el projecte pel futur de Naturlandia. Tant dels membres que van ostentar els càrrecs de Cònsol fins al desembre, com de les tres candidatures que es van presentar als comicis comunals del passat desembre. Finalment no es podia deixar de banda la possibilitat de descobrir per quina raó Naturlandia té tan 'mala fama'. A més d'analitzar el model d'explotació del parc, s'havien d'investigar dos dels afers que han malmès encara més la imatge de la infraestructura: la mort d'un os a trets, al parc d'animals i els greus accidents esdevinguts al Tobotronc. El objetivo principal del reportaje consiste en publicar datos e informaciones relativas a la verdadera situación actual y las previsiones futuras de Naturlandia. Se ha hablado mucho en los últimos años sobre el parque y la investigación sirve para dar voz a los protagonistas que tienen una opinión totalmente contrapuesta sobre este proyecto. El trabajo recopila los principales datos relativos a Naturlandia: las cuentas de explotación, la situación financiera del Comú de Sant Julià, el número de trabajadores, el número de visitantes, el número de animales, etc. La investigación tenía que contrastar las informaciones facilitadas por el Comú sobre los números de la explotación del parque con las cifras reales. En este sentido, era determinante conocer cuál era el proyecto para el futuro de Naturlandia. Tanto los miembros de la mayoría que ostentaron los cargos de Alcalde hasta diciembre, como de las tres candidaturas que se presentaron a los comicios comunales del pasado diciembre. Finalmente no se podía dejar de lado la posibilidad de descubrir por qué Naturlandia tiene tan "mala fama". Además de analizar el modelo de explotación del parque, se habían de investigar dos de los asuntos que han dañado aún más la imagen de la infraestructura: la muerte de un oso a tiros en el parque de animales y los graves accidentes acaecidos en el Tobotronc. The main purpose of the report is to publish data and information on the current situation and future forecasts of Naturlandia. A lot has been said about the park in recent years and the research is used to give voice to the protagonists who have a totally opposite opinion on this project. The work compiles the main data related to Naturlandia: operating accounts, the financial situation of the Municipality of Sant Julià, the number of workers, the number of visitors, the number of animals, etc. The research had to contrast the information provided by the Commune on the numbers of the park's operation with the actual figures. In that sense, it was crucial to know what the project for the future of Naturlandia was. Both the members of the majority who held the post of Consul until December, and the three candidates running for communal elections in December. Finally, the possibility of discovering why Naturlandia is so "ill-fated" could not be overlooked. In addition to analyzing the park's model of exploitation, two of the issues that had further damaged the image of the infrastructure, such as the death of a bear in the animal park and the serious accidents occurred in the Tobotronc.

International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Industrial Management (13th. 2019. Gijón)

Geographic information collected for each locality, and local- and broad-scale predictors considered in the analyses.

The SAXS/WAXS Experimental End Station beamline (NCD-SWEET) at ALBA Synchrotron has undergone a major upgrade in the optics and the end station to perform state-of-the-art SAXS/WAXS experiments. In order to reduce X-ray parasitic scattering with air and maximize the photon flux at the sample, an optimized beam conditioning optics has been designed and built in the end station, integrating previously used and new components in vacuum. The beam conditioning optics includes a fast shutter, a set of commercial guard slits and a diagnostic unit com-prising three filters and a four-quadrant transmissive photodiode. In addition, a set of refractive beryllium lenses allowsμfocusing of the beam. The lens system can be removed from the beam path remotely. Finally, an on axis sample viewing system, with a novel design based on an in-vacuum camera mirror and a mica window minimizes the beam path in air up to the sample. To facilitate the alignment of the elements with respect to the beam, all the subsystems are supported by a high-stability granite table with 4 degrees of freedom and sub-micron resolution., Proceedings of the Mechanical Eng.~Design of Synchrotron Radiation Equipment and Instrumentation, MEDSI2018, Paris, France

session 01 - Diversity and faunistics; World experts of different disciplines, from molecular biology to macroecology, recognize the value of cave ecosystems as ideal ecological and evolutionary laboratories. Among other subterranean taxa, spiders stand out as intriguing model organisms for their ecological role of top-predators, their unique adaptations to the hypogean medium and their sensitivity to anthropogenic disturbance. Here, we provide a general overview of the spider families recorded in hypogean habitats in Europe–20 families including nearly 500 species, most of them with restricted distributions. We also review the different adaptations of hypogean spiders to subterranean life and summarize the information gathered so far about their origin, population structure, ecology and conservation status. Taxonomic knowledge on subterranean spiders in Europe appears to be well, but not exhaustively documented. The origin of the European assemblages is mostly explained by past climate dynamics, although other factors are likely to be involved. Most of the macroecological issues related to spiders in European caves are based on qualitative assessments or have been quantified only at a sub-regional scale. In order to shed light on cave spiders’ biogeography and the macroecological patterns driving the diversity of European subterranean spiders we created the CAWEB network, a spontaneous collaboration between subterranean arachnologists from 30 different European countries. We here present the team and provide some preliminary results, which highlight Southern Europe as an important hot-spot for the European subterranean spider diversity.

The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) project is an international collaboration with CERN for developing a high-energy and high-luminosity machine which accelerates and collides electrons and positrons at energies up to several tera-electron volts. The extraction system for the Damping Rings of the CLIC shall follow very tight requirements in order to maintain the ultra-low emittance of the extracted bunches. A first prototype of the extraction kicker based on stripline technologies has been built and characterized at CERN without beam. The stripline chamber will be shortly installed in the ALBA Synchrotron to be tested under beam. In situ measurements of the impedance, transversal field homogeneity and flat-top ripple aims to complete its characterization. This contribution presents the design of the set up for the integration of the stripline chamber in one of the medium straight sections of ALBA storage ring., Proceedings of the 9th Edition of the Mechanical Engineering Design of Synchrotron Radiation Equipment and Instrumentation Conference, MEDSI2016, Barcelona, Spain

At Small-angle X-ray Scattering beamlines (SAXS), beamstops are needed to block the intense primary beam that has not been scattered by the sample in order to protect the detector from any damage. Beamstops are usually confined inside a vacuum tube minimizing air space between the sample and the detector. For certain experiments, a motorized beamstop is required to achieve a precise positioning in different regions of the detector active area. ALBA has developed a new motorized beamstop* consisting of a two-rotation mechanism inside vacuum that composes a movement able to cover all range of the active area of the detector. The presented solution involves a main rotation reached by a gear and a worm drive actuated by a stepper motor and a second rotation relative to the main one produced by a piezo rotation stage. For each position appears two different solutions. This characteristic permits take two equivalent images in the detector with the same beamstop position but different orientation in the beamstop support; thus permitting the compensation of the support shadow on the active area of the detector., Proceedings of the 9th Edition of the Mechanical Engineering Design of Synchrotron Radiation Equipment and Instrumentation Conference, MEDSI2016, Barcelona, Spain

session 01 - Diversity and faunistics; World experts of different disciplines, from molecular biology to macroecology, recognize the value of cave ecosystems as ideal ecological and evolutionary laboratories. Among other subterranean taxa, spiders stand out as intriguing model organisms for their ecological role of top-predators, their unique adaptations to the hypogean medium and their sensitivity to anthropogenic disturbance. Here, we provide a general overview of the spider families recorded in hypogean habitats in Europe–20 families including nearly 500 species, most of them with restricted distributions. We also review the different adaptations of hypogean spiders to subterranean life and summarize the information gathered so far about their origin, population structure, ecology and conservation status. Taxonomic knowledge on subterranean spiders in Europe appears to be well, but not exhaustively documented. The origin of the European assemblages is mostly explained by past climate dynamics, although other factors are likely to be involved. Most of the macroecological issues related to spiders in European caves are based on qualitative assessments or have been quantified only at a sub-regional scale. In order to shed light on cave spiders’ biogeography and the macroecological patterns driving the diversity of European subterranean spiders we created the CAWEB network, a spontaneous collaboration between subterranean arachnologists from 30 different European countries. We here present the team and provide some preliminary results, which highlight Southern Europe as an important hot-spot for the European subterranean spider diversity.

El objetivo del presente trabajo es el de establecer las directrices de una valoración actuarial en los diversos casos en los que puede ser requerido en caso de litigio e intentar tras realizar una lectura completa de este trabajo tener una visión más cercana y comprensible de lo que al principio podría verse como algo fuera del entendimiento de alguien sin una formación y conocimiento actuarial, sin embargo, con unos conocimientos actuariales básicos el objetivo es que sea sencillo y aporte una visión general de la valoración actuarial. Se compone de una parte teórica donde se define y se desglosan los factores del lucro cesante a tener en cuenta para la realización de su valoración, así mismo, se muestran distintas metodologías, y finalmente se encuentra la parte práctica donde se realizan varias hipótesis, todas ellas con su definición y detallándose su labor en la valoración; y un intervalo de supuestos prácticos que engloba los sucesos más comunes en la vida real. En definitiva, el objetivo del presente trabajo además de entender el procedimiento para la valoración del actuario es tras realizar una lectura completa del trabajo comprender la importancia del papel del actuario, al ser éste la persona encargada de lograr la justicia y equidad social, consiguiendo con sus conocimientos actuariales que aquella persona que se haya visto perjudicada económicamente por el suceso sea resarcida justamente. The aim of this paper is to establish guidelines for an actuarial valuation in the various cases that may be required in case of litigation, and to try after making a thorough reading of this work have a closer and understandable vision of what at first might look like something out understanding for someone without training and actuarial knowledge, however, for someone who has knowledge in actuarial field the goal is to be easy and contribute to give an overview of the actuarial valuation. It is composed by a theoretical part where are defined the factors of the loss of future earnings to take into account for conducting the valuation, also, different methodologies are shown and finally there is a practical part where several assumptions are made, all of them with their definition and detailing his work in the valuation; and a range of practical cases which covers the most common events in real life. Ultimately, the aim of this work is not only understand the procedure for valuation actuary, but also after performing a complete reading of the work understand the important role of the actuary, as this is the person responsible for achieving social justice and equity, obtaining with actuarial knowledge that the person who has been economically harmed by the event to be fairly compensate.

GaAs Field Effect Transistors are widely used for medium- and high-power amplifiers. This kind of amplifiers have great influence in the performance of a communication system, as far as cost, power consumption, and signal degradation of the transmitter are concerned. Thus, accurate nonlinear models of the transistors are needed in order to predict their behaviour. In this paper, a large-signal continuous model is extracted from measurements of a transistor. Then, a simple amplifier based on the device has been designed, and simulations are carried out in order to predict the performance of a power amplifier built with this type of transistor. Finally, effects arising from baseband and 2nd-harmonic load impedances are analysed by a load-pull method, and their influence on the IMD behaviour is discussed.

[EUS] Sindrome Antifosfolipidoa antigorputz antifosfolipidoen presentzian gertatzen den sindrome tronbofiliko autoimmunea da, adierazpen kliniko tronbotiko eta obstetrikoak eragiten dituena. Bere ezagutza medikuntza arloan nahiko berria den aldetik, lan honetan Basurtuko Unibertsitate Ospitaleko kasu bat abiapuntu hartuta, bere patogenesiari, adierazpen klinikoei, diagnostikoari eta horren aurreko estrategia terapeutikoei buruzko errebisio bibliografikoa aurkezten da.

[ES] Revisión bibliográfica acerca de la epidemiología, patogénesis, presenación clínica, estrategias diagnósticas y abordaje terapéutico de la trombocitopenia inducida por heparina a propósito de un caso clínico del H.U. de Basurto que se describe y se analiza en el trabajo.

[EUS] Purpura tronbotiko tronbozitopenikoa (PTT) odoleko gaixotasun arraroa da, urteko 10 kasu/milioi prebalentziarekin eta 1 kasu berri/milioi-ko intzidentziarekin1. Emergentzia medikoa da eta tratamendua eman ezean hilkortasun tasa altua dauka (%90). Anemia hemolitiko mikroangiopatikoak, tronbozitopenia larriak eta plaketetan aberatsak diren tronboek eragindako organu iskemiak bereizten dute. Gaixotasun honen eta ADAMTS13 proteinaren arteko erlazioa aurkitu denean lortu da benetako fisiopatologia ezagutzea. Diagnostiko eta tratamendu arloan aurrerakuntza garrantzitsuak lortu izan dira, hilkortasun eta konplikazio tasak hobetuz. Lan honetan, PTTaren errebisio bibliografiko eguneratua egin da, bai klinika, diagnostiko, tratamendu zein beste hainbat aspektuen informazio eguneratua ezagutzeko. Baita ere Basurtuko Ospitale Unibertsitarioan izandako kasuen ikerketa erretrospektiboa egin da.