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This chapter explores how multilingual approaches to Digital Humanities challenge the Anglocentric methodologies, paradigms and assumptions that have historically permeated the field. It argues that fostering multilingual practices broadens the scope of the discipline, encourages the incorporation of non-English-speaking voices into the debate, rethinks the design of infrastructures in digital scholarship and addresses many of the questions – regarding theory and praxis – faced by Digital Humanities at large. Building on extant work by scholars such as Domenico Fiormonte and drawing also on further theoretical and practical work by multilingual DH practitioners, this chapter lays out a set of recommendations for Anglophone scholars to expand their engagement with DH beyond the Anglophone world. The structure of this chapter divides these recommendations in subsections that respond to problems observed in different aspects of Digital Scholarship. The first section looks at the challenges faced by non-English-speaking scholars when publishing in international DH Journals; the second explores how the language divide observed within the DH community can be tackled with more positive attitudes towards multilingualism; a third section is dedicated to multilingual approaches to the design of DH tutorials and tools; a final section offers pedagogical advice to DH scholars teaching in multilingual contexts.

Cette recherche s’articule autour de la notion de « biofiction » dont l’importance est expliquée à partir des notions de « biographie », « hagiographie », « autobiographie », mais aussi de « récit mythique », d’« autofiction » et de « vulgarisation ». La biofiction, une fiction biographique, permet d'aborder des phénomènes littéraires contemporains dans lesquels l'exemplarité de certaines figures est centrale. Le corpus littéraire à l’étude se compose de bio\hagio fictions postmodernes sur la visionnaire du XIIe siècle Hildegarde de Bingen et le peintre baroque de la fin du XVIe et début du XVIIe siècle Le Caravage (Nobécourt, 2013; Tancredi, 2012; Fernandez, 2002; Haenel, 2019). Comment (et pourquoi) des auteurs abordent-il aujourd'hui selon une perspective transculturelle et transhistorique de telles figures? À partir de quatre romans qui (ré)adaptent la vie de ces deux figures, je montrerai de quelle façon l’exemplarité et la singularité de leur existence est cristallisée par le roman et peut franchir les carcans du « biographique » en leur permettant de passer de personnage de fiction à lieu de mémoire (Nora, 1993). Pour ce faire, il sera question de sonder les spécificités de l’écriture biographique et hagiographique et le cas du personnage de roman tel que considéré dans les théories de la narratologie (Dosse, 2011) : qu’est-ce qui forme le fictif, de quelle manière se met-t-il en opposition (et en adhésion) avec le biographique? L'analyse du corpus se concentrera aussi sur des éléments narratologiques qui sont souvent mis de l'avant dans la recherche-création en biofiction : des expérimentations narratives où s’enchaînent et s’alternent les narrations extra, intra, hétéro et méta diégétique, ainsi que les focalisations interne, externe et zéro. Il sera question de démontrer de quelle manière les jeux narratifs servent le récit biofictif et quelles stratégies et méthodologies les auteurs utilisent pour conférer à leurs romans crédibilité, singularité et légitimité biographique. Ce mémoire a pour but de disséquer, sous plusieurs angles, (littéraire, sociologique, narratologique, médiatique, culturel, historique) la biofiction comme forme (Viart, 2001) dans toute son hybridité, telle qu'elle a été pratiquée (dans les pays occidentaux) au cours des dernières années (2000 à 2020)., This research revolves around the notion of "biofiction", the importance of which is explained from the notions of "biography", "hagiography", "autobiography", but also "mythical narrative", "autofiction" and "popularization". Biofiction, a biographical fiction, makes it possible to approach contemporary literary phenomena in which the exemplarity of certain figures is central. The literary corpus under study consists of postmodern bio\hagio fictions about the 12th century visionary Hildegard of Bingen and the late 16th - early 17th century Baroque painter Caravaggio (Nobécourt, 2013; Tancredi, 2012; Fernandez, 2002; Haenel, 2019). How (and why) do authors today approach such figures from a transcultural and transhistorical perspective? Based on four novels that (re)adapt the lives of these two figures, I will show how the exemplarity and singularity of their existence is crystallized by the novel and can cross the shackles of the "biographical" by allowing them to pass from fictional character to place of memory (Nora, 1993). To do this, we will probe the specificities of biographical and hagiographical writing and the case of the novel character as considered in the theories of narratology (Dosse, 2011): what forms the fictional, in what way does it stand in opposition (and in adhesion) with the biographical? The analysis of the corpus will also focus on narratological elements that are often put forward in biofiction research-creation: narrative experiments where extra, intra, hetero and meta diegetic narratives, as well as internal, external and zero focus, are linked and alternated. It will demonstrate how narrative games serve the biofiction narrative, and what strategies and methodologies the authors use to give their novels credibility, singularity, and biographical legitimacy. This dissertation aims to dissect, from several angles (literary, sociological, narratological, media, cultural, historical) biofiction as a form (Viart, 2001) in all its hybridity, as it has been practiced (in Western countries) in recent years (2000 to 2020).

Forest ecosystems are some of the largest carbon (C) reservoirs on earth. Pinus halepensis Mill., Quercus ilex L. and Quercus pubescens Willd. represent the dominant tree cover in the Mediterranean forests of southern France. However, their contributions to the French and global forest C and nitrogen (N) stocks are frequently overlooked and inaccurately quantified and little is known about to what extent the ongoing climate change can alter these stocks. We quantified the soil organic C (SOC) and N (SN) stocks in Mediterranean forests dominated by these tree species and evaluated to what extent an experimental precipitation reduction (about −30% yearly) affects these stocks and the litter decomposition efficiency. Litter mass losses were 55.7, 49.8 and 45.7% after 24 months of decomposition in Q. ilex, Q. pubescens and P. halepensis forests, respectively, and were 19% lower under drier climatic conditions. The SOC stocks were 14.0, 16.7 and 18.5 Mg ha−1 and the SN stocks were 0.70, 0.93 and 0.88 Mg ha−1 in Q. ilex, Q. pubescens and P. halepensis forests, respectively. The shallowness and stoniness of these Mediterranean forests could explain these limited stocks. By distinguishing the organic from the organo–mineral layer, we showed 74% less SOC in the organic layer of the P. halepensis forest under drier conditions, while no difference was detected in the organo–mineral layer or in the two oak forests. This last finding deserves further investigation and points out the necessity to distinguish the organic from the organo–mineral layer to detect the first impacts of climate change on SOC stocks.

This article presents what is understood as the “atheism of the French philosopher Michel Onfray”. To do so, become an investigation based on the work Treaty of Ateology in order to evaluate points of its reflections. Because Onfray blames Christian, Jewish and Islamic monotheisms for introjecting the consciences of guilt, sin and the pulse of death, preventing men from reconciling with what they understand as reality. The study of onfraryan philosophy does not yet lead to the thesis that its materialist ontology presupposes the insertion of an ethical-hedonistic plan, capable of overcoming the psychological problems caused by monotheistic religions. In sequence, the critical analysis has the contribution of authors Irene Fernandez and Mathieu Baumier. The intention is to show how the arguments capable of pointing out a religious intolerance can also be motivated by the passionate contempt for religious life, consequently affecting the foundations willing to prove it possible to exist a world without gods, beliefs or religions. O presente artigo apresenta aquilo que se compreende como o “ateísmo do filósofo Michel Onfray”. Para tanto, desenvolve-se uma investigação baseada na obra Tratado de Ateologia a fim de balizar pontos de suas reflexões. Onfray responsabiliza os monoteísmos cristão, judaico e islâmico por introjetarem as consciências da culpa, do pecado e da pulsão da morte impedindo os homens de se reconciliarem com aquilo que entende como realidade. O estudo da filosofia onfraryana ainda nos leva à tese de que a sua ontologia materialista pressupõe a inserção de um plano ético-hedonista, passível de superar os obstáculos psíquicos causados pelas religiões monoteístas. Em sequência, a análise crítica tem a contribuição dos autores Irene Fernandez e Mathieu Baumier, cujo interesse é evidenciar o quanto os argumentos capazes de apontar a intolerância religiosa também podem ser motivados pelo desprezo passional à vida religiosa, afetando, consequentemente, os fundamentos dispostos a provarem ser possível existir um mundo sem deuses, crenças ou religiões.

International audience; Next-generation sequencing (NGS), through the implementation of metagenomic protocols, has led to the discovery of thousands of new viruses in the last decade. Nevertheless, these protocols are still laborious and costly to implement, and the technique has not yet become routine for everyday virus characterization. Within the context of CRESS DNA virus studies, we implemented two alternative long-read NGS protocols, one that is agnostic to the sequence (without a priori knowledge of the viral genome) and the other that use specific primers to target a virus (with a priori). Agnostic and specific long read NGS-based assembled genomes of two capulavirus strains were compared to those obtained using the gold standard technique of Sanger sequencing. Both protocols allowed the detection and accurate full genome characterization of both strains. Globally, the assembled genomes were very similar (99.5–99.7% identity) to the Sanger sequences consensus, but differences in the homopolymeric tracks of these sequences indicated a specific lack of accuracy of the long reads NGS approach that has yet to be improved. Nevertheless, the use of the bench-top sequencer has proven to be a credible alternative in the context of CRESS DNA virus study and could offer a new range of applications not previously accessible.

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo avanzar reflexiones exploratorias y preliminares sobre el vínculo entre la política exterior y de defensa en Argentina, abordando los gobiernos kirchneristas (2003-2015) y el gobierno de Mauricio Macri (2015-2019). Se asumen como supuestos que este es un tema escasamente estudiado en dicho país y que la política exterior argentina ha mostrado signos de discontinuidad a lo largo del tiempo. Sobre la base de una estrategia metodológica cualitativa y del análisis de fuentes primarias y secundarias, se asevera que la política exterior ha enmarcado e influenciado a la política de defensa, no viceversa, y que esas influencias variaron en función de cómo los gobiernos nacionales entendieron a la política exterior en tanto política pública, qué propuesta de inserción internacional privilegiaron y qué modelo de desarrollo propusieron. This paper aims to advance exploratory and preliminary reflections on the link between foreign and defense policy in Argentina, focusing on the Kirchner governments (2003-2015) and the government of Mauricio Macri (2015-2019). The subject has been poorly studied in this country and Argentina's foreign policy has shown signs of discontinuity over time. On the basis of a qualitative methodological strategy and the analysis of primary and secondary sources, it is asserted that foreign policy has framed and influenced defense policy, not vice versa, and that these influences varied depending on how national governments understood foreign policy as a public policy, what international insertion proposal they favored and what development model they proposed. Fil: Busso, Anabella Estela. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Relaciones Internacionales. Instituto de Investigaciones; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario; Argentina Fil: Barreto, Luis Maximiliano. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Relaciones Internacionales. Escuela de Relaciones Internacionales; Argentina. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina "Santa María de los Buenos Aires". Facultad Teresa de Ávila. Centro de Investigación Interdisciplinar en Valores, Integración y Desarrollo Social; Argentina

El presente trabajo pretende un recorrido por la influencia del pensamiento estoico y del tópico del menosprecio de corte y alabanza de aldea en el humanismo europeo, en la literatura del siglo de oro español y, a través de esta, en la literatura de la ilustración. Dicho recorrido quedará ejemplificado por la jaula de oro como metáfora de la corte que aparece por vez primera en la Epístola moral a Fabio de Andrés Fernández de Andrada y que imitará Meléndez Valdés en algunos de sus poemas. El present treball pretén un recorregut per la influència del pensament estoic i el tòpic de menyspreu de cort i lloança de llogaret en l'humanisme europeu, en la literatura del segle d'or espanyol i, a través d'aquesta, en la literatura de la il·lustració. Aquest recorregut quedarà exemplificat per la gàbia d'or com a metàfora de la cort que apareix per primera vegada a la Epístola moral a Fabio d'Andrés Fernández de Andrada i que imitarà Meléndez Valdés en alguns dels seus poemes.

What does a seized woman-teacher want? Resenha da obra:FERNÁNDEZ, Alicia. A mulher escondida na professora: uma leitura psicopedagógica do ser mulher, da corporalidade e da aprendizagem. Porto Alegre: Artes Médicas, 1994.

El objetivo del trabajo reside en describir y analizar el posicionamiento de las gestiones de Cristina Fernández (2007-2015) frente al conflicto palestino-israelí prestando particular atención a las instancias de cambio, ajuste y/o continuidad de la política de equidistancia que tradicionalmente Argentina ha abrazado frente a la disputa. Con vistas a dicho análisis se parte de la siguiente afirmación: Durante las administraciones de Fernández, Argentina protagonizó un acercamiento a la contraparte palestina dando lugar a un ajuste de su política exterior frente al conflicto que se produjo en un marco general de continuidad de la política de equidistancia. Como correlato, en el periodo de referencia no existió un cambio en la política frente a la controversia que implique un quiebre del patrón de equidistancia, pero sí un ajuste de la misma. Metodológicamente se opta por un abordaje cualitativo recurriendo tanto a la utilización de fuentes secundarias como primarias, entre ellas, entrevistas a informantes/actores clave, The purpose of this paper is to describe and analyze the stance of Cristina Fernández’s governments (2007-2015) in the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. Special attention is paid to patterns of change, adjustment and/or continuity in Argentina’s policy of equidistance. To this end, we work through the assumption that during Fernandez’s administrations, while a general framework of continuity in Argentina’s policy of equidistance before the conflict was still in place, Fernández’s rapprochement with the Palestinian counterpart, suggests some sort of policy adjustment. Thus, we argue that throughout the stated period, there was no change in the Argentinean foreign policy towards the conflict that suggested a break in the policy of equidistance, but rather a pattern of adjustment. The analysis relies on a qualitative methodology that looks at secondary and primary sources. Important insights are drawn from interviews with key actors

Formas Dominantes. Diálogos sobre estética y Política con Arthur Danto, Hans Belting, Thierry de Duve, Gianni Vattimo y Alavoj Žižek, reúne las entrevistas que José Fernández Vega realizó a estos cinco intelectuales de relevancia en el ámbito de los estudios político-culturales. El subtítulo nos adelanta un ámbito de interés común que enlaza consideraciones acerca del arte de nuestra época y la política. Las reflexiones que se suscitan a partir de las entrevistas abarcan distintas áreas temáticas: teoría estética, teoría cultural, filosofía y sociología, impregnadas de las circunstancias sociopolíticas de hoy. Sardisco, Ana. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Humanidades y Artes. Escuela de Bellas Artes; Argentina.

WOS: 000324152600003, PubMed ID: 23748613, Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the interobserver reliability and intraobserver reproducibility of the Universal, AO, Fernandez and Frykman classifications for distal radius fractures. Methods: Fifty standard sets of posteroanterior and lateral roentgenograms of displaced distal radius fractures were classified two times by two groups of evaluators at 2-month intervals. The first group consisted of 10 orthopedic surgeons with a minimum of 5 years of experience. The second group consisted of 10 orthopedic residents in their first two years of practice. Interobserver reliability and intraobserver reproducibility were assessed using Cohen's kappa test. Results: None of the classifications achieved good - very good reliability levels. The Fernandez classification had a moderate and the others had a fair interobserver agreement kappa coefficient. All classifications had fair kappa intraobserver agreement although the Frykman and Fernandez classifications had better results. Conclusion: None of the classification systems were superior in terms of reliability and reproducibility. The reliability and reproducibility rates of all four classifications were insufficient.