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AN APPRAISAL WAS MADE OF THE CLOTHING INSTRUCTION AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT CURRICULUM RESOURCE MATERIALS DEVELOPED FOR USE BY SECONDARY HOME ECONOMICS TEACHERS. PROCEDURES INCLUDED (1) A TEACHER SURVEY OF THE USES MADE OF RESOURCES AND (2) A PUPIL SURVEY WITH SPECIALLY PREPARED TEST INSTRUMENTS TO DETERMINE IF THE OBJECTIVES OF THE CLASSROOMS, GRADES 7-12, WHERE THE RESOURCE MATERIALS WERE USED WERE BEING FULFILLED. APPROXIMATELY 600 TEACHERS AND 6,000 STUDENTS FROM A VARIETY OF COMMUNITIES IN MINNESOTA PARTICIPATED. FROM AN ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTING DATA, IT WAS APPARENT THAT STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT AND INTELLECT WERE HIGHLY CORRELATED WITH THE FUNCTIONAL USAGE OF RESOURCE MATERIALS, AS THE USE MADE WAS A SIGNIFICANT POSITIVE FACTOR IN MEAN TEST SCORES OBTAINED. IT WAS NOTED, HOWEVER THAT MANY TEACHERS NEED HELP IN ORGANIZING THEIR CLASSROOMS TO ACCOMMODATE NEW INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS FOR CLOTHING AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS. (JH)

Background: Chlorhexidine umbilical cord washes reduce neonatal mortality in south Asian populations with high neonatal mortality rates and predominantly home-based deliveries. No data exist for sub-Saharan African populations with lower neonatal mortality rates or mostly facility-based deliveries. We compared the effect of chlorhexidine with dry cord care on neonatal mortality rates in Zambia. Methods: We undertook a cluster-randomised controlled trial in Southern Province, Zambia, with 90 health facility-based clusters. We enrolled women who were in their second or third trimester of pregnancy, aged at least 15 years, and who would remain in the catchment area for follow-up of 28 days post-partum. Newborn babies received clean dry cord care (control) or topical application of 10 mL of a 4% chlorhexidine solution once per day until 3 days after cord drop (intervention), according to cluster assignment. We used stratified, restricted randomisation to divide clusters into urban or two rural groups (located

Deficits in motor-cognitive dual tasks (eg, walking while talking) are common in individuals with neurologic conditions. This review was conducted to determine the effectiveness of motor-cognitive dual-task training (DTT) compared with usual care on mobility and cognition in individuals with neurologic disorders.Databases searched were Biosis, CINAHL, ERIC, PsychInfo, EBSCO PsychologicalBehavioral, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Knowledge. Eligibility criteria were studies of adults with neurologic disorders that included DTT, and outcomes of gait or balance were included. Fourteen studies met inclusion criteria. Participants were subjects with brain injury, Parkinson disease (PD), and Alzheimer disease (AD). Intervention protocols included cued walking, cognitive tasks paired with gait, balance, and strength training and virtual reality or gaming. Quality of the included trials was evaluated with a standardized rating scale of clinical relevance.Results show that DTT improves single-task gait velocity and stride length in subjects with PD and AD, dual-task gait velocity and stride length in subjects with PD, AD, and brain injury, and may improve balance and cognition in those with PD and AD. The inclusion criteria of the studies reviewed limited the diagnostic groups included.While the range of training protocols and outcome assessments in available studies limited comparison of the results across studies motor-cognitive dual-task deficits in individuals with neurologic disorders appears to be amenable to training. Improvement of dual-task ability in individuals with neurologic disorders holds potential for improving gait, balance, and cognition.Video Abstract available for additional insights from the authors (Supplemental Digital Content, http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A104).

Smart textiles are fabrics able to sense external conditions or stimuli, to respond and adapt behaviour to them in an intelligent way and present a challenge in several fields today such as health, sport, automotive and aerospace. Electrically conductive textiles include conductive fibres, yarns, fabrics, and final products made from them. Often they are prerequisite to functioning smart textiles, and their quality determines durability, launderability, reusability and fibrous performances of smart textiles. Important part in smart textiles development has conductive polymers which are defined as organic polymers able to conduct electricity. They combine some of the mechanical features of plastics with the electrical properties typical for metals. The most attractive in a group of these polymers are polyaniline (PANI), polypyrrole (PPy) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) as one of the polythiophene (PTh) derivatives. Commercially available smart textile products where conductive polymers have crucial role for their development are medical textiles, protective clothing, touch screen displays, flexible fabric keyboards, and sensors for various areas. This paper is focused on conductive polymers description, mechanism of their conductivity, and various approaches to produce electrically conductive textiles for smart textiles needs. Commercial products of conductive polymers-based smart textiles are presented as well as the objective of a number of lab-scale items.

This paper focuses on the design and one shot manufacturing process of complex shaped composite parts based on the overbraiding of commingled yarns. The commingled yarns contain thermoplastic fibres used as the matrix and glass fibres as the reinforcement material. This technology reduces the flow path length for the melted thermoplastic and aims to improve the impregnation of materials with high viscosity. The tensile strength behaviour of the material was firstly investigated in order to evaluate the influence of the manufacturing parameters on flat structured braids that have been consolidated on a heating press. A good compatibility between the required geometry and the braiding process was observed. Additionally, piezo-resistive sensor yarns, based on glass yarns coated with PEDOT: PSS, have been successfully integrated within the composite structure. The sensor yarns have been inserted into the braided fabric, before consolidation. The inserted sensors provide the ability to monitor the structural health of the composite part in a real time. The design and manufacture of the complete complex shaped part has then been successfully achieved.

Pseudouridine synthases introduce the most common RNA modification and likely use the same catalytic mechanism. Besides a catalytic aspartate residue, the contributions of other residues for catalysis of pseudouridine formation are poorly understood. Here, we have tested the role of a conserved basic residue in the active site for catalysis using the bacterial pseudouridine synthase TruB targeting U55 in tRNAs. Substitution of arginine 181 with lysine results in a 2500-fold reduction of TruB’s catalytic rate without affecting tRNA binding. Furthermore, we analyzed the function of a second-shell aspartate residue (D90) that is conserved in all TruB enzymes and interacts with C56 of tRNA. Site-directed mutagenesis, biochemical and kinetic studies reveal that this residue is not critical for substrate binding but influences catalysis significantly as replacement of D90 with glutamate or asparagine reduces the catalytic rate 30- and 50-fold, respectively. In agreement with molecular dynamics simulations of TruB wild type and TruB D90N, we propose an electrostatic network composed of the catalytic aspartate (D48), R181 and D90 that is important for catalysis by fine-tuning the D48-R181 interaction. Conserved, negatively charged residues similar to D90 are found in a number of pseudouridine synthases, suggesting that this might be a general mechanism.

Conducting polymers, in both their solid or liquid states, have been successfully employed within a novel flexible 4-layer electrochromic prototype device. The device consists of the polymer combined with a flexible PET textile spacer, sandwiched between two electrodes - one of which is applied on a flexible textile substrate. The electrochromic materials that have been employed are polyaniline and substituted polythiophene polymers. Two methods of preparation have been used. Aniline was chemically polymerized to the surface of the PET textile substrate, in its solid state, prior to application within the device. Conversely, substituted thiophene monomers, in the solution phase, were suspended within the textile spacer and electrochemically polymerized in situ within the device. The application of an electrical voltage ( ±3 V) effects a reversible color change for both solid and liquid phase systems, providing a flexible communicative textile with applications for protection and safety purposes, or for added fashion. This paper outlines the preparation and characterization of each of the solid and liquid electrochromic display systems and discusses the benefits and drawbacks of each.

Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) describes acute airway narrowing that occurs as a result of exercise. EIB occurs in a substantial proportion of patients with asthma, but may also occur in individuals without known asthma.To provide clinicians with practical guidance, a multidisciplinary panel of stakeholders was convened to review the pathogenesis of EIB and to develop evidence-based guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of EIB. The evidence was appraised and recommendations were formulated using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach.Recommendations for the treatment of EIB were developed. The quality of evidence supporting the recommendations was variable, ranging from low to high. A strong recommendation was made for using a short-acting β(2)-agonist before exercise in all patients with EIB. For patients who continue to have symptoms of EIB despite the administration of a short-acting β(2)-agonist before exercise, strong recommendations were made for a daily inhaled corticosteroid, a daily leukotriene receptor antagonist, or a mast cell stabilizing agent before exercise.The recommendations in this Guideline reflect the currently available evidence. New clinical research data will necessitate a revision and update in the future.

The precision and accuracy of the determination of particu-late sulfate and fluoride, and gas phase SO2 and HF are estimated from the results obtained from collocated replicate samples and from collocated comparison samples for high-and low-volume filter pack and annular diffusion denuder samplers. The results of replicate analysis of collocated samples and replicate analyses of a given sample for the determination of spherical aluminosilicate fly ash particles have also been compared. Each of these species is being used in the chemical mass balance source apportionment of sulfur oxides in the Grand Canyon region as part of Project MOHAVE, and the precision and accuracy analyses given in this paper provide input to that analysis. The precision of the various measurements reported here is ±1.8 nmol/m3 and ±2.5 nmol/m3 for the determination of SO2 and sulfate, respectively, with an annular denuder. The precision is ±0.5 nmol/m3 and ±2.0 nmol/m3 for the determination of the same species with a high-volume or...

Astronomy and astrophysics 600, A89 (2017). doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201629427, The addition of a 28 m Cherenkov telescope (CT5) to the H.E.S.S. array extended the experiment’s sensitivityto lower energies. The lowest energy threshold is obtained using monoscopic analysis of data taken with CT5, providing access to gamma-ray energies below 100 GeV for small zenith angle observations. Such an extension of the instrument’s energy range is particularly beneficial for studies of active galactic nuclei with soft spectra, as expected for those at a redshift ≥0.5. The high-frequency peaked BL Lac objects PKS 2155−304 (z = 0.116) and PG 1553+113 (0.43 < z < 0.58) are among the brightest objects in the gamma-ray sky, both showing clear signatures of gamma-ray absorption at E > 100 GeV interpreted as being due to interactions with the extragalactic background light (EBL).Aims. The aims of this work are twofold: to demonstrate the monoscopic analysis of CT5 data with a low energy threshold, and to obtain accurate measurements of the spectral energy distributions (SED) of PKS 2155−304 and PG 1553+113 near their SED peaks at energies ≈100 GeV.Methods. Multiple observational campaigns of PKS 2155−304 and PG 1553+113 were conducted during 2013 and 2014 using the full H.E.S.S. II instrument (CT1–5). A monoscopic analysis of the data taken with the new CT5 telescope was developed along with an investigation into the systematic uncertainties on the spectral parameters which are derived from this analysis.Results. Using the data from CT5, the energy spectra of PKS 2155−304 and PG 1553+113 were reconstructed down to conservative threshold energies of 80 GeV for PKS 2155−304, which transits near zenith, and 110 GeV for the more northern PG 1553+113. The measured spectra, well fitted in both cases by a log-parabola spectral model (with a 5.0σ statistical preference for non-zero curvature for PKS 2155−304 and 4.5σ for PG 1553+113), were found consistent with spectra derived from contemporaneous Fermi-LAT data, indicating a sharp break in the observed spectra of both sources at E ≈ 100 GeV. When corrected for EBL absorption, the intrinsic H.E.S.S. II mono and Fermi-LAT spectrum of PKS 2155−304 was found to show significant curvature. For PG 1553+113, however, no significant detection of curvature in the intrinsic spectrum could be found within statistical and systematic uncertainties., Published by EDP Sciences, Les Ulis

To estimate neonatal mortality, particularly within 24 hours of birth, in six low- and lower-middle-income countries.We analysed epidemiological data on a total of 149 570 live births collected between 2007 and 2013 in six prospective randomized trials and a cohort study from predominantly rural areas of Bangladesh, Ghana, India, Pakistan, the United Republic of Tanzania and Zambia. The neonatal mortality rate and mortality within 24 hours of birth were estimated for all countries and mortality within 6 hours was estimated for four countries with available data. The findings were compared with published model-based estimates of neonatal mortality.Overall, the neonatal mortality rate observed at study sites in the six countries was 30.5 per 1000 live births (range: 13.6 in Zambia to 47.4 in Pakistan). Mortality within 24 hours was 14.1 per 1000 live births overall (range: 5.1 in Zambia to 20.1 in India) and 46.3% of all neonatal deaths occurred within 24 hours (range: 36.2% in Pakistan to 65.5% in the United Republic of Tanzania). Mortality in the first 6 hours was 8.3 per 1000 live births, i.e. 31.9% of neonatal mortality.Neonatal mortality within 24 hours of birth in predominantly rural areas of six low- and lower-middle-income countries was higher than model-based estimates for these countries. A little under half of all neonatal deaths occurred within 24 hours of birth and around one third occurred within 6 hours. Implementation of high-quality, effective obstetric and early newborn care should be a priority in these settings.Estimer la mortalité néonatale, en particulier dans les 24 heures suivant la naissance, dans six pays à revenu faible et intermédiaire - tranche inférieure.Nous avons analysé des données épidémiologiques portant sur un total de 149 570 naissances vivantes qui avaient été recueillies entre 2007 et 2013 lors de six essais prospectifs randomisés et d'une étude de cohorte réalisés dans des zones majoritairement rurales du Bangladesh, du Ghana, d'Inde, du Pakistan, de Tanzanie et de Zambie. Le taux de mortalité néonatale ainsi que la mortalité dans les 24 heures suivant la naissance ont été estimés pour tous ces pays; la mortalité dans les 6 heures suivant la naissance a été estimée pour quatre pays sur lesquels nous avions des données. Les résultats ont été comparés aux estimations de la mortalité néonatale publiées, qui ont été établies d'après des modèles.Globalement, le taux de mortalité néonatale observé sur les sites étudiés dans les six pays était de 30,5 pour 1000 naissances vivantes (de 13,6 en Zambie à 47,4 au Pakistan). La mortalité globale dans les 24 heures suivant la naissance était de 14,1 pour 1000 naissances vivantes (de 5,1 en Zambie à 20,1 en Inde) et 46,3% de l'ensemble des décès néonataux étaient survenus dans les 24 heures (de 36,2% au Pakistan à 65,5% en Tanzanie). Le taux de mortalité dans les 6 heures suivant la naissance était de 8,3 pour 1000 naissances vivantes, soit 31,9% de la mortalité néonatale totale.La mortalité néonatale dans les 24 heures suivant la naissance dans des zones majoritairement rurales de six pays à revenu faible et intermédiaire-tranche inférieure était supérieure aux estimations établies d'après des modèles pour ces pays. Un peu moins de la moitié des décès néonataux étaient survenus dans les 24 heures suivant la naissance et environ un tiers dans les 6 heures. La mise en place de soins obstétriques et néonataux efficaces et de haute qualité devrait être une priorité dans ces pays.Calcular la mortalidad neonatal, especialmente durante las 24 horas posteriores al nacimiento, en países con ingresos bajos y países con ingresos medios más bajos.Se analizaron datos epidemiológicos de un total de 149 570 nacidos vivos recopilados entre 2007 y 2013 en seis ensayos aleatorizados prospectivos y un estudio de cohortes de zonas principalmente rurales de Bangladesh, Ghana, India, Pakistán, la República Unida de Tanzanía y Zambia. Se calculó la tasa de mortalidad neonatal y la mortalidad durante las 24 horas posteriores al nacimiento en todos los países y se estimó la tasa de mortalidad en 6 horas en cuatro países con información disponible. Los resultados se compararon con estimaciones publicadas basadas en modelos de mortalidad neonatal.En general, la tasa de mortalidad neonatal observada en los lugares de estudio de los seis países fue de 30,5 por cada 1 000 nacidos vivos (alcance: 13,6 en Zambia a 47,4 en Pakistán). En conjunto, la mortalidad durante las primeras 24 horas fue de 14,1 por cada 1 000 nacidos vivos (alcance: 5,1 en Zambia a 20,1 en India) y el 46,3% de todas las muertes neonatales se produjo durante las primeras 24 horas (alcance: 36,2% en Pakistán a 65,5% en la República Unida de Tanzanía). La mortalidad en las primeras 6 horas fue de 8,3 por cada 1 000 nacidos vivos, es decir, un 31,9% de mortalidad neonatal.La mortalidad neonatal durante las 24 horas posteriores al nacimiento en zonas principalmente rurales de seis países con ingresos bajos y países con ingresos medios más bajos fue superior a las estimaciones basadas en modelos realizadas para estos países. Algo menos de la mitad de todas las muertes neonatales se produjeron durante las 24 horas posteriores al nacimiento y cerca de un tercio durante las primeras 6 horas de vida. En estos lugares, la implementación de obstetricia eficaz y de alta calidad y la atención a recién nacidos debería ser una prioridad.تقدير معدل وفيات الأطفال حديثي الولادة، وبالأخص في غضون 24قمنا بتحليل البيانات الوبائية لإجمالي 149,570عمومًا، كان معدل وفيات الأطفال حديثي الولادة الذي لوحظ في مواقع الدراسة في ستة بلدان يبلغ 30.5 لكل 1000 من المواليد على قيد الحياة (نطاق القياس: 13.6 في زامبيا إلى 47.4إن معدل الوفيات للأطفال حديثي الولادة في غضون 24旨在评估 6 个中低收入国家的新生儿死亡率、尤其是出生后 24 小时内的死亡率。.我们一共对 149 570 名新出生婴儿的流行病学数据进行了分析，该数据来自于 2007 年至 2013 年对巴基斯坦、印度、加纳、孟加拉国、坦桑尼亚联合共和国及赞比亚主要乡村地区进行的 6 项前瞻性随机试验和一项队列研究。 我们对所有国家的新生儿死亡率以及新生儿出生后 24 小时内的死亡率进行了评估，并对拥有可用数据的 4 个国家的新生儿出生后 6 小时内的死亡率进行了评估。 我们将调查结果与已发布的、基于模型的新生儿死亡率估算结果进行了比较。.总体而言， 6 个国家的研究地的实际新生儿死亡率为每 1000 名新出生婴儿中有 30.5 名死亡（范围： 从赞比亚的 13.6 到巴基斯坦的 47.4）。 新生儿出生后 24 小时内死亡率为每 1000 名新出生婴儿中共有 14.1 名死亡（范围： 从赞比亚的 5.1 到印度的 20.1），且 46.3% 的新生儿死亡案例发生在婴儿出生后 24 小时内（范围： 从巴基斯坦的 36.2% 到坦桑尼亚联合共和国的 65.5%）。 婴儿出生后 6 小时内的死亡率为每 1000 名新出生婴儿中有 8.3 名死亡，即新生儿死亡率为 31.9%。.6 个中低收入国家主要乡村地区的新生儿出生后 24 小时内的死亡率均高于这些国家的基于模型的估算结果。 略低于一半的新生儿死亡案例发生在婴儿出生后 24 小时内，而大约三分之一的案例发生在婴儿出生后 6 小时内。 上述国家应将实施优质、有效的产科护理和早期新生儿护理视为工作重点。.Дать оценку смертности новорожденных, особенно в первые 24 часа жизни, в шести странах с низким уровнем дохода и уровнем дохода ниже среднего.Проведен анализ эпидемиологических данных, полученных в результате рождения 149 570 живых детей в промежутке с 2007 по 2013 год, на основании шести проспективных рандомизированных исследований и одного когортного исследования в преимущественно сельских регионах Бангладеша, Ганы, Замбии, Индии, Объединенной Республики Танзании и Пакистана. Были рассчитаны показатели смертности новорожденных в первые 24 часа для всех стран, а оценка смертности в первые шесть часов была получена для четырех стран с доступными данными. Результаты сравнили с опубликованными показателями смертности новорожденных, рассчитанными на основе моделирования.В целом показатель смертности новорожденных, наблюдаемый в центрах проведения исследования шести стран, составил 30,5 на 1000 рождений живых детей (от 13,6 в Замбии до 47,4 в Пакистане). Смертность в течение первых суток в целом составляла 14,1 на 1000 рождений живых детей (диапазон: от 5,1 в Замбии до 20,1 в Индии) или 46,3% от всех смертей новорожденных (от 36,2% в Пакистане до 65,5% в Объединенной Республике Танзания). Смертность в первые шесть часов составляла 8,3 на 1000 рождений живых детей или 31,9% от всех смертей новорожденных.Смертность новорожденных в первые 24 часа в преимущественно сельских регионах шести стран с низким уровнем дохода и уровнем дохода ниже среднего была выше, чем показатели, рассчитанные на основе моделирования для этих же стран. Чуть менее половины всех смертей новорожденных произошли в течение 24 часов после рождения, и около трети произошли в течение первых шести часов. Поэтому внедрение высококачественной эффективной акушерской помощи и ухода за новорожденными должно стать первостепенной задачей.