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4 results on '"Fermentation layer"'

1. Organic matter composition and thermal stability influence greenhouse gases production in subtropical peatland under different vegetation types

Author

G.O. Akinbi, L.W. Ngatia, J.M. Grace, III, R. Fu, C. Tan, S.O. Olaborode, T. Abichou, and R.W. Taylor

Subjects
Carbon composition, Carbon dioxide, Fermentation layer, Litter, Methane, Peat, Science (General), Q1-390, Social sciences (General), H1-99
Abstract

Peatlands are a major carbon (C) sink globally. Organic matter quality influence greenhouse gases production. However, little is known about how organic matter from different vegetation types, influences C composition and resultant greenhouse gases production in subtropical peatland. Anoxic incubation experiments were conducted using two types of peats with different botanical origin to assess C composition, CO2 and CH4 production. First peat had cypress dominance and the second knotted spikerush and water lily (spike + lily). Solid-state CPMAS 13C NMR determined C chemical stability, MESTA determined C thermal stability, stable isotopes for C source and gas chromatograph for carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4). The results indicated dominance of autochthonous C as indicated by δ13C signatures. Low thermal stable C (LTSC) dominated in litter, FL (fermentation layer) and spike + lily sediment, high thermal stable C was dominant in cypress peat. O-alkyl C strongly correlated with LTSC whereas aromatic C correlated negatively with R400 (LTSC:total C ratio). Generally, O-alkyl decreased and alkyl increased along litter-FL-peat continuum. Spike + lily peat exhibited initial stage of decomposition. Indicated by increased alkyl C, aromatic C and aromatic:O-alkyl ratio with increasing peat depth. Also, exhibited 3 times more CH4 and CO2 production compared to cypress peat that dominantly exhibited second stage of decomposition. O-alkyl C exhibited positive relationship with CH4 (P = 0.012, r2 = 0.57) and CO2 (P = 0.047, r2 = 0.41) production whereas R400 related positively with CH4 (P = 0.05, r2 = 0.40). Organic matter thermal and chemical composition varied between the peat types and thermally and chemically labile C influenced CO2 and CH4 production.

Published
2022
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3. Organic matter composition and thermal stability influence greenhouse gases production in subtropical peatland under different vegetation types.

Author

Akinbi GO, Ngatia LW, Grace JM 3rd, Fu R, Tan C, Olaborode SO, Abichou T, and Taylor RW

Abstract

Peatlands are a major carbon (C) sink globally. Organic matter quality influence greenhouse gases production. However, little is known about how organic matter from different vegetation types, influences C composition and resultant greenhouse gases production in subtropical peatland. Anoxic incubation experiments were conducted using two types of peats with different botanical origin to assess C composition, CO 2 and CH 4 production. First peat had cypress dominance and the second knotted spikerush and water lily (spike + lily). Solid-state CPMAS 13 C NMR determined C chemical stability, MESTA determined C thermal stability, stable isotopes for C source and gas chromatograph for carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and methane (CH 4 ). The results indicated dominance of autochthonous C as indicated by δ 13 C signatures. Low thermal stable C (LTSC) dominated in litter, FL (fermentation layer) and spike + lily sediment, high thermal stable C was dominant in cypress peat. O-alkyl C strongly correlated with LTSC whereas aromatic C correlated negatively with R400 (LTSC:total C ratio). Generally, O-alkyl decreased and alkyl increased along litter-FL-peat continuum. Spike + lily peat exhibited initial stage of decomposition. Indicated by increased alkyl C, aromatic C and aromatic:O-alkyl ratio with increasing peat depth. Also, exhibited 3 times more CH 4 and CO 2 production compared to cypress peat that dominantly exhibited second stage of decomposition. O-alkyl C exhibited positive relationship with CH 4 ( P = 0.012, r 2 = 0.57) and CO 2 ( P = 0.047, r 2 = 0.41) production whereas R400 related positively with CH 4 ( P = 0.05, r 2 = 0.40). Organic matter thermal and chemical composition varied between the peat types and thermally and chemically labile C influenced CO 2 and CH 4 production., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (© 2022 The Author(s).)

Published
2022
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4. Camas de combustibles forestales y carbono en México

Author

Flores Garnica, José Germán, Wong-González, Julio C., Paz Pellat, Fernando, Flores Garnica, José Germán, Wong-González, Julio C., and Paz Pellat, Fernando

Abstract

Forest fuels play an important role in the field of global warming, therefore a proper estimation will allow a decrease of the uncertainty levels of carbon (C) contents. This paper describes the evaluation process for loads of duff (litter and fermentation layer, M) and downed woody material (MLC). A summary of the C content reported in Mexico is also presented. The evaluation of these fuels has been primarily based on the strategy of planar intersections. The contents of C were determined using different percentages of C content with respect to mass (dry weight), ranging from 47.5% to 66.9%, although a percentage of 50% was used, in general. Most works has been focused on temperate ecosystems, where 9.43 Mg C ha-1 of MLC was reported. While for tropical forests there was 8 Mg C ha-1. For M was reported 6.91 Mg C ha-1 and 4.25 Mg C ha-1 in duff, and 5.88 Mg C ha-1 and 1.39 Mg C ha-1 in the fermentation layer for temperate regions and tropical forests, respectively. It is concluded that there is little information on C evaluations regarding M and MLC. In addition, other regions should be considered and standardized evaluation procedures should be used. In this way, the information generated will be comparable and compatible. This will not only reduce levels of uncertainty, but also present information at different scales., Resumen Los combustibles forestales juegan un papel importante en el ámbito del calentamiento global, por lo que la adecuada estimación de las camas de combustible permitirá disminuir los niveles de incertidumbre de los contenidos de carbono (C) de los ecosistemas forestales. Este trabajo describe los procesos de evaluación de las cargas de mantillo (hojarasca y capa de fermentación, M) y de material leñoso caído (MLC); además, presenta una síntesis de los contenidos de C registrados en México. La evaluación de M y MLC se basó principalmente en la estrategia de intersecciones planares. Los contenidos de C se determinaron usando diferentes porcentajes de contenido de C respecto a la masa (peso seco), que variaron desde 47.5% hasta 66.9% aunque, en general, se consideró 50%. La mayoría de trabajos revisados se enfocaron en ecosistemas de regiones templadas, con registros de 9.43 Mg C ha-1 de MLC, mientras que para selvas se registraron 8 Mg C ha-1. En cuanto a M, se observó 6.91 Mg C ha-1 y 4.25 Mg C ha-1 en la capa de hojarasca y 5.88 Mg C ha-1 y 1.39 Mg C ha-1 en la capa de fermentación para regiones templadas y selvas, respectivamente. Se encontró muy poca información sobre las evaluaciones de C correspondientes a M y MLC, la mayoría enfocada a ecosistemas templados y tropicales, por lo que se resalta la necesidad de considerar otras regiones climáticas. Las evaluaciones de las cargas de los combustibles forestales deben hacerse en forma estandarizada y con protocolos comunes, de tal forma que la información generada pueda ser tanto comparable como compatible. Esto permitirá reducir los niveles de incertidumbre y presentar la información en diferentes escalas. De esta manera, será posible no solo reducir los niveles de incertidumbre, sino también escalar la información.

Published
2018

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