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Background. Bladder paraganglioma (BPG) is a very rare tumor. Case report: We report the case of a 48-year-old woman with a history of isolated hematuria. Cystoscopy showed a solid mass on the bottom of the bladder. During the intervention the patient experienced a severe hypertensive episode. BPG was then suspected. Pathology findings confirmed the diagnosis.123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine scan showed a pathological tracer accumulation in the left bladder wall consistent with BPG. The patient underwent a transurethral resection of the bladder after drug preparation. The postoperative course was uneventful and our patient was normotensive. Conclusion. Diagnosis of BPG is often made on histological examination of the tumor.

Introduction and Importance: Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome, or aorto-mesenteric clamp syndrome, is a rare condition where the third portion of the duodenum is compressed between the aorta and the superior mesenteric artery. This syndrome often affects adolescents and young adults, with predisposing factors including significant weight loss, anatomical variations, and spinal deformities. Early diagnosis and intervention are critical for managing symptoms and preventing complications., Case Presentation: A 14-year-old girl with a history of mitral insufficiency presented with persistent postprandial vomiting over four years. Despite minimal weight loss and stable vital signs, imaging studies revealed significant gastric and duodenal dilation, with a reduced aorto-mesenteric angle and distance, confirming SMA syndrome. Due to the chronicity of her symptoms, surgical intervention in the form of a gastrojejunostomy was performed, bypassing the compressed duodenal segment., Discussion: SMA syndrome is characterized by a reduced aorto-mesenteric angle and narrowing of the aorto-mesenteric distance, which can lead to duodenal compression. Risk factors include rapid weight loss and certain anatomical variations. Diagnosis relies on imaging, particularly CT angiography and gastroduodenal transit studies. While conservative management is the initial approach, up to 75 % of patients require surgical intervention. Various surgical techniques, including gastrojejunostomy, have been successful in providing symptomatic relief and improving quality of life., Conclusion: SMA syndrome should be considered in patients with chronic postprandial vomiting, particularly when conservative measures fail. Early diagnosis through imaging is essential, and surgical treatment, such as gastrojejunostomy, can offer significant symptom relief and improve patient outcomes in refractory cases., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest No conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2025. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Introduction and Importance: Retroperitoneal schwannomas are extremely rare, benign tumors originating from Schwann cells in peripheral nerve sheaths, with few reported cases. Their deep location and nonspecific symptoms make preoperative diagnosis challenging, often requiring imaging and surgical resection for confirmation. This case highlights an uncommon presentation of retroperitoneal schwannoma in a young patient, emphasizing its rarity., Case Presentation: An 18-year-old male presented with a progressively enlarging, non-tender mass in the left flank. Imaging revealed an 8 × 7 cm well-circumscribed, encapsulated mass displacing adjacent major vessels without invasion. The patient underwent successful surgical resection, and histopathology confirmed a benign schwannoma. Immunohistochemistry showed strong S100 protein positivity, with no signs of malignancy. Follow-up was uneventful, with no recurrence at six months., Discussion: Retroperitoneal schwannomas, typically slow-growing and benign, are infrequently encountered. Due to their nonspecific presentation, they often reach considerable size before detection. Imaging may suggest diagnosis but is not definitive, making surgical excision essential for confirmation. Complete resection is generally recommended to reduce recurrence, though partial excision may be appropriate when adjacent critical structures are involved., Conclusion: Retroperitoneal schwannomas are rare and challenging to diagnose preoperatively. Complete surgical resection remains the primary approach, allowing histological confirmation and reducing recurrence risk. This case underscores the importance of considering retroperitoneal schwannomas in young patients presenting with atypical retroperitoneal masses., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest No conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2025. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Introduction and Importance: Paratubal cysts are common adnexal lesions that can lead to complications such as torsion, especially during pregnancy, presenting diagnostic challenges due to symptom overlap with acute surgical emergencies. This study details the clinical characteristics and management of paratubal cyst torsion through a case report and literature review., Case Presentation: A 29-year-old pregnant woman at 28 weeks gestation presented with right iliac fossa pain and nausea. Initial investigations revealed leukocytosis and elevated C-reactive protein. An abdominal ultrasound showed no clear evidence of appendicitis or adnexal masses, leading to a presumptive diagnosis of appendicitis. Laparotomy was performed, revealing a twisted, necrotic paratubal cyst. A cystectomy was conducted, with the appendix appearing normal. The patient had an uneventful postoperative course and was discharged on postoperative day three., Discussion: Paratubal cyst torsion is rare, with an incidence of 3 to 5 per 10,000 pregnancies, often misdiagnosed as other conditions. Imaging techniques have limited diagnostic value. Surgical intervention remains the definitive treatment, with laparoscopic methods preferred in early pregnancy, though laparotomy is often necessary in later stages., Conclusion: This case emphasizes the rarity of paratubal cyst torsion at 28 weeks of gestation and the diagnostic challenges it presents. Timely surgical intervention is crucial for preserving reproductive potential. Increased awareness among healthcare providers is essential for improving diagnostic accuracy and outcomes., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest statement No conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Background: The extension of hydatid liver cysts into the mediastinum through diaphragmatic hiatus is extremely rare. In this report, we describe a rare case of a hydatid liver cyst with mediastinal extension through Larrey's hiatus, emphasizing the surgical strategy for successful treatment.In this report, we present the first documented case of a hydatid liver cyst extending into the mediastinum through Larrey's hiatus., Case Presentation: We report the case of a 65-year-old male who presented with right-upper-quadrant and left-sided chest pain evolving for two months. Physical examination showed dullnes in the epigastric region. A thoraco-abdominal CT scan, revealed a 13 cm mediastino-abdominal hydatid cyst, centered on the left liver lobe with extension into the mediastinum through the Larray's diaphragmatic hiatus. The patient underwent surgical management. Both thoracic and visceral surgeons were involved. The surgical management involved both thoracic and visceral surgeons. A Makuuchi incision allowed resection of the hydatid liver cyst. The mediastinal portion of the cyst, resting on the pericardium was aspirated through Larrey's hiatus, followed by irrigation with a scolicidal solution. The postoperative course was uneventful., Conclusion: Transmediastinal hydatid liver cysts are rare and should be operated on in close collaboration between visceral and thoracic surgeons to prevent complications., Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed., (Copyright: © 2024 Messaoudi H et al.)

Introduction and Importance: Gastric collision tumors, characterized by the coexistence of two distinct malignancies within the same organ, are exceptionally rare. We report a case involving a gastric collision tumor composed of adenocarcinoma (ADK) and marginal zone lymphoma, diagnosed postoperatively. To date, only six cases of MALT lymphoma as part of gastric collision tumors have been published, highlighting the rarity of this association., Clinical Presentation: A 58-year-old male with type 2 diabetes and a family history of breast cancer presented with six months of anemia and epigastric pain. Endoscopy showed a 5 cm ulcerated, friable gastric mass, and biopsies indicated a low-grade tubular adenocarcinoma. Imaging revealed gastric wall thickening and lymphadenopathy. He received FLOT chemotherapy followed by total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y reconstruction. Histopathology confirmed a gastric collision tumor with a minimal adenocarcinoma remnant and extensive MALT lymphoma., Discussion: Collision tumors are rare and present unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to the coexistence of distinct malignancies. This case highlights the complexity of managing such tumors, as accurate diagnosis requires comprehensive histopathological analysis. The dual presence of adenocarcinoma and MALT lymphoma necessitated a tailored approach with FLOT chemotherapy and total gastrectomy. The patient's ongoing adjuvant chemotherapy emphasizes the need for vigilant, long-term follow-up to monitor for recurrence and potential metachronous malignancies., Conclusion: Gastric collision tumors involving ADK and MALT lymphoma are rare and challenging. This case contributes to the limited literature on collision tumors, highlighting the necessity for comprehensive diagnostic and therapeutic strategies., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest statement No conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Introduction and Importance: Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) is a rare disorder characterized by benign histiocytic proliferation. The purely cutaneous variant of Rosai-Dorfman disease is exceptionally uncommon. This abstract centers on an extraordinary case-an instance of primary cutaneous Rosai-Dorfman disease (PCRDD), a rare cutaneous variant within an already infrequent disorder. Successfully managed through surgical intervention, this unique case underscores the pressing need for refined diagnostic and therapeutic strategies., Case Report: We present a noteworthy case of primary cutaneous Rosai-Dorfman disease (PCRDD) in a north African female, deviating from the typical age of onset. The patient exhibited a rare cutaneous variant, emphasizing the need for heightened awareness in diverse demographics. Histological analysis revealed characteristic emperipolesis and immunohistochemical features consistent with RDD., Clinical Discussion: PCRDD, although uncommon within the Rosai-Dorfman Disease spectrum, manifests with a later onset and distinctive demographic characteristics. Surgical excision emerges as a viable therapeutic option for managing symptomatic lesions, as demonstrated in our case. The infrequency of PCRDD underscores the importance of tailored diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Individualized approaches become pivotal in addressing the complexities associated with PCRDD, ensuring careful consideration of its intricacies in the broader context of Rosai-Dorfman disease., Conclusion: This case underscores the complexity of RDD, especially in rare cutaneous presentations. Surgical excision, with its reported efficacy, stands as a crucial intervention, offering both symptomatic relief and potential cure, showcasing the significance of individualized care in managing this rare disorder. Continued research remains imperative for advancing RDD understanding and refining clinical approaches., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest statement No conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Introduction and Importance: Leiomyomas, commonly known as fibroids, are benign soft tissue tumors mostly found in the uterus. Although predominantly uterine, they can occur rarely in other areas, notably in the gastrointestinal tract. This article emphasizes an unusual case: an ileal leiomyoma in a 54-year-old patient, showcasing the distinct diagnostic and management challenges it presents., Case Report: A 54-year-old female with no prior medical history presented with a progressively enlarging, painful abdominal mass over six months. Imaging suggested a Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST), but guided biopsy yielded an unexpected diagnosis of ileal leiomyoma. Subsequent surgical intervention successfully removed the tumor, leading to an uneventful postoperative recovery., Clinical Discussion: This case underscores the diagnostic intricacies and clinical manifestations of ileal leiomyomas. While diagnosis can be challenging, timely histopathological evaluation is crucial. Surgical resection guided by pathological findings played a pivotal role in this patient's care, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive approach to diagnosis and treatment in unique medical cases., Conclusion: The rarity of ileal leiomyomas presents a substantial challenge in the medical field, where expertise can be limited. This case emphasizes the pivotal role of histopathological analysis in confirming the diagnosis and guiding effective surgical management., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest No conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Introduction and Importance: Ectopic liver tissue (ELT), a rare anomaly distinct from accessory liver, challenges conventional embryonic morphogenesis. Unlike the latter, ELT lacks a connection to the main liver, showcasing an unusual growth of normal liver tissue beyond its customary location. This peculiarity poses clinical and radiological challenges for surgeons throughout their careers, particularly during laparoscopic or open procedures. Elevated clinical significance arises from ELT's potential to progress into hepatocellular carcinoma, necessitating heightened awareness among surgeons., Case Report: This article presents a compelling case of ELT, discovered incidentally during a planned laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The patient, a 60-year-old female with a history of biliary colic, underwent a meticulous exploration revealing an undistended gallbladder with an unexpected brownish tissue fragment resembling hepatic parenchyma., Clinical Discussion: Ectopic liver tissue, dating back to early 20th-century records, challenges precise incidence determination. Theories regarding embryonic development around the fourth week in utero provide insights into ELT's origins and displacement from the hepatic diverticulum. Varied attachment locations and potential manifestations in other intra-abdominal and intra-thoracic sites add layers to the complexity of its diagnosis. Radiological studies, though challenging, offer glimpses of ELT, cautioning against percutaneous biopsies due to associated risks., Conclusion: In conclusion, this case of ELT offers valuable insights into its diagnostic challenges and surgical considerations, underscoring the need for continued research and heightened awareness in the medical community. The rarity and varied presentations of ELT warrant ongoing exploration to refine diagnostic approaches and optimize patient outcomes., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest statement No conflicts of interest., (Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Introduction: Desmoid-type fibromatosis, also known as desmoid tumors, are rare fibroblastic neoplasms that account for less than 3% of all soft tissue tumors. Although they are benign neoplasms without metastatic potential, they are known to be locally aggressive and may invade adjacent structures leading to fatal complications., Case Presentation: We describe the case of a 26-year-old woman who presenting with the clinical picture of acute peritonitis. Emergency surgery was performed and a large poorly-circumscribed heterogeneous tumor was found, occupying the jejunum mesentery and infiltrating the jejunal wall causing its perforation into the abdominal cavity. En bloc resection of the tumor and the involved jejunum was performed. Histology and immunohistochemistry confirmed it to be mesenteric desmoid-type fibromatosis. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient had no evidence of recurrence 18 months after tumor resection., Conclusions: Mesenteric desmoid-type fibromatosis is a rare condition with insidious growth and locally aggressive behavior. Serious complications such as bowel perforation are rare but possible, as shown in our presentation. Complete surgical resection is the first-line treatment bur high recurrence rates remain problematic., Competing Interests: The authors declared no potential conflicts of interests with respect to research, authorship and/or publication of the article., (© 2022 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of IJS Publishing Group Ltd.)

Introduction: Actinomycosis is a chronic suppurative disease caused by a filamentous, Gram-positive, facultative anaerobic bacterium Actinomyces. Abdominal actinomycosis accounts for 10 to 20% of reported Actinomyces infections and pancreatic involvement is extremely rare., Presentation of Case: We report the case of a 64-year-old man who presented with a 3-week history of abdominal pain, nausea, weight loss, and icterus. Abdominal CT scan revealed a 3.5 cm heterogeneously enhanced mass of the pancreatic head, associated with mild dilation of the main bile duct and the Wirsung duct. The diagnosis of pancreatic head malignancy was highly suspected and surgical management was decided. Intraoperatively, a 3 cm indurated mass of the pancreatic head was found. Whipple's procedure was performed. Histopathological examination revealed pancreatic actinomycosis., Discussion: Pancreatic actinomycosis is extremely rare. To our knowledge, only 18 cases have been reported in the English literature to date. It commonly presents as a slow-growing mass with bile and pancreatic ducts obstruction, which can mimic malignancy. Therefore, it has often been misdiagnosed and over-treated with futile surgery, when medical treatment based on antibiotherapy is the only required treatment., Conclusion: We reported a rare observation of surgical management of actinomycosis mimicking a pancreatic head neoplasm. As clinical and radiological findings are nonspecific, the accurate diagnosis can only be made by histology. Through our case, we aim to highlight the importance of preoperative suspicion of pancreatic actinomycosis, given the still relevant morbidity of pancreatic resections., (Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)