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Cadmium (Cd) pollution is an important problem today. In this study, the effects of mycorrhiza (M) and salicylic acid (SA) applications on plant height, fresh weight, dry weight, number of leaves, and Cd content and uptake of maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings grown in Cd treated environments were determined. For this purpose, 3 kg pots with and without mycorrhizae were used with two doses of salicylic acid (SA1: 1.0 mM and SA2: 2.0 mM). The study was carried out in three replications. As a result of the measurements, mycorrhiza and Salicylic acid applications significantly increased plant height, fresh and dry weight of corn seedlings. On the other hand, mycorrhiza and Salicylic acid applications decreased Cd content and uptake. The lowest plant height was 26.63 cm, the number of leaves was 5.6, the fresh weight was 3.74 g and the dry weight was 1.63 g in the control group, which was not treated with mycorrhiza and SA. The highest plant height was 56.17 cm, the number of leaves was 7.50, and the fresh weight was 21.46 g, with 2.0 mM SA application without mycorrhiza treatment. The highest dry weight was determined with 5.70 g in mycorrhiza and 2.0 mM SA application. While the highest Cd content of corn seedlings was 3.37 mg kg-1 and its uptake was 5.95 mg kg-1 in the control application, the lowest Cd content was 0.307 mg kg-1 and uptake were 1.48 mg kg-1 with mycorrhiza with 2.0 mM SA and 1.0 mM SA. detected in applications. When the results of our study were examined, mycorrhiza and SA applications had positive effects on corn seedlings grown in Cd-contaminated environments. The combined application of salicylic acid and mycorrhiza will contribute significantly to yield and nutrient content in agricultural production against heavy metal pollution.

Bu çalışma PGPR bakterileri uygulanmış ortamlarda yetiştirilen Krik buğdayının makro element içeriğikleri üzerine humik asit uygulamalarının etkisinin belirlenmesi amacıyla kurulmuştur. Çalışmada sekizt adet bakteri ile humik asitin 0, 1000 ve 2000 mg kg-1 dozları kullanılmıştır. İklim odasında yürütülen çalışma, tesadüf parsellerinde faktöriyel deneme desenine göre kurulmuş ve 2 kg toprak alan saksılarda 3 tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür. Çalışma yaklaşık ik ay devam edilmiş ve çalışma sonunda Krik buğdayının toprak üstü aksamında azot, fosfor, potasyum, kalsiyum ve magnezyum elementleri analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre bakteri, humik asit ve bakteri x humik asit interaksiyonu azot, fosfor, potasyum, kalsiyum ve magnezyum içerikleri üzerine P

Bu çalışma Van merkez ile Erciş, Gevaş, Gürpınar ve Muradiye ilçelerinde önceden belirlenen toplam 26 tarım alanından toplanan toprak ve buğday örneklerinde ağır metal belirlemesi için yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada 2012 yılı hasat döneminde örneklemeler yapılmıştır. Alınan toprak örneklerinde fiziksel ve kimyasal özellikler yanı sıra Ni, Pb, Cd ve Cr belirlemesi yapılmıştır. Buğday örnekleri ise sap ve tane olmak üzere iki kısma ayrılmış ve ağır metal kapsamları belirlenmiştir. Örnekleme alanları topraklarının ağır metal içerikleri incelendiğinde Ni, 0.036-4.253 mg/kg, Pb, 0.391-1.476 mg/kg, Cr, 0.0188-0.1364 mg/kg ve Cd 0.0056-0.0912 mg/kg arasında değişmektedir. Bitki örneklerinde en düşük ve en yüksek ağır metal kapsamları saplarda, nikelde 0.742-1.839 mg/kg, kromda, 0.811-2.249 mg/kg, kadmiyumda, 0.0087-0.1730 mg/kg ve kurşunda, 0.0072-0.2199 mg/kg arasında değişmektedir. Tane örneklerinde ise nikel, 0.981-5.413 mg/kg, krom, 0.0256-0.9074 mg/kg, kadmiyum, 0.0009-0.5040 mg/kg ve kurşun, 0.0196-0.3509 mg/kg arasında değiştiği belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak bölge topraklarının ağır metal riski taşımadığı belirlenmiştir. Buğdayın sap ve tanelerindeki ağır metal içerikleri ise kurşun, krom ve kadmiyumda izin verilebilir sınırların altın olduğu, nikelde ise kimi lokasyonların sınır değerlerinin altında, kimi lokasyonlarında sınır değerlerin üstünde yer aldığı belirlenmiştir.

Bu çalışma 2012 yılında Van merkez ile Erciş, Gevaş, Gürpınar ve Muradiye ilçelerinde önceden belirlenen karayoluna yakın toplam 26 noktadan alınan toprak ve buğday örneklerinde toprak özellikleri ile besin element durumları ve ağır metal içeriklerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yapılan toprak analizleri sonucunda bünye olarak kil (2 bölge), kumlu-killi-tın (9 bölge), kumlu-tın (6 bölge), killi-tın (1 bölge) ve tın (4 bölge), pH olarak, 7.80-8.59 (Alkalin) arasında değişmektedir. Bölge topraklarının tuz probleminin olmadığı (90-300 µS/cm) belirlenmiştir. Kireç içeriği bakımından çok az (%0.65) ile çok fazla (%76) arasında değişmektedirler. Organik madde içerikleri çok az (%0.24) ile yeter (%3.34) arasında oldukları belirlenmiştir. Toprak örneklerinin yarayışlı fosfor ve mikro elementlerden çinko açısından sorunlu olduğu görülmüştür. Bitki örneklerinde tane azot, fosfor, potasyum, magnezyum içerikleri tüm örnekleme noktalarında noksan sınıfında yer aldığı, demirde örnekleme alanlarının %50’si, bakırda %57.7’si, çinkoda %30.8’si ve selenyumda %50’sinin yeter değerlerin altında olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Secondary metabolites especially phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, and terpenoids have potential antioxidants and antimicrobial activity. Carotenoids are important antioxidants and bioactive compounds supplying to the health benefits of different foods and rosehips known for high bioactive content. Anthocyanins have physiological importance because of their abilities to protect leaves from photooxidative injuries without significantly compromising photosynthesis. Numerous studies shown that roses are rich sources of bioactive compounds. The genus Rosa contains various species that are widely grown in Europe, Asia, The Middle East and North America. In this study it was aimed that determination of carotenoid, carotene and anthocyanin amounts of naturally growing old garden roses species in Van ecological conditions. In this study eleven species of rosehips (Rosa damascena, Rosa damascena var. semperflorens, Rosa laxa ssp. harputensis, Rosa alba, Rosa multiflora, Rosa pisiformis, Rosa foetida, Rosa foetida var. bicolor, Rosa hemisphaerica, Rosa hemisphaerica var. plena hort, Rosa heckellana subsp. vanheurckiona) naturally grown in Van conditions were used as plant material. The fresh leaves (100-200 mg), immediately after harvesting, were homogenized by 80% aqueous acetone and filtered by white tape filter paper. In the extracts, carotenoid, carotene and anthocyanin levels were determined by using UV spectrophotometer in 470 nm, 537 nm, 647 nm, 663 nm wavelengths respectively. As a result, the highest and lowest carotenoid levels were found as 3.18 µg/ml and 0.59 µg/ml in R. heckellana subsp. vanheurckiona and R. damascena var. semperflorens. The highest anthocyanin level was determined in R. damascena as 0.06 µg/ml.

This study was conducted on the YYU campus area as a field survey, according to the randomized block experimental design carried out in three replicated. The yellow and orange marigold species with humic acids (HA0;0 kg HA da-1, HA1;10 kg HA da-1, HA2;20 kg HA da-1, HA3;40 kg HA da-1) were used. At the end of the experiment, the soil samples taken from the field of study were analyzed organic matter, soil reactions, total salt content, lime content, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, natrium, iron, manganese, zinc, copper, cadmium, nickel and lead contents. The increased humic acid applications have influenced pH (P

This study has been conducted hyacinth Co, Ni, Mo and Cd contents as a field study to investigate the effects of vermicompost which have become increasingly popular in recent years. The experiment was carried out in the trial area belonging to the Department of Horticulture in Siirt University Kezer Campus according to randomized blocks trial design. In the experiment, 4 doses (0, 25, 50 and 100 g) of vermicompost and 4 doses of nitrogen-phosphorus (NP) (0, 2, 4, 8 kg da -1 ) from 20-20-0 (N-P-K) fertilizer were applied. At the end of the experiment, elemental analysis was performed on the hyacinth leaves and bulbs. Statistical analysis showed that vermicompost and NP applications had a significant effect on hyacinth nickel, molybdenum and cadmium contents at P

This study was conducted in the farmer field between the years 2014 and 2015. In this study, 3 doses of potassium (K) (0, 10, and 20 kg da−1) of K2SO4 (50% K2O) fertilizer and 3 doses of humic acid...

Yapılan analizler sonucunda kök üstü organ, kök ve toprak örneklerinin besin elementi içeriği üzerine biyokömür ve solucan gübresi uygulamaları kontrole göre belirgin değişimlere neden olmuşlardır. Kontrol grubu bitkilerine göre bitki organlarında ve toprak besin elementi içeriklerinde en belirgin değişimler daha çok solucan gübresinin %5 (K ve Ca elementlerinde) ve %20 (Mg, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn ve Cu elementlerinde) uygulama dozlarında belirlenmiştir. Biyokömürün %20 uygulama dozunda solucan gübresi kadar artış sağladığı görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak biyokömür iyi bir toprak düzenleyici ve organik gübre kaynağı olarak kullanılabilir. Deneme Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi, Ziraat ve Doğa Bilimleri Fakültesine ait iklim odasında yapılmıştır. Çalışmada artan dozlarda biyokömür ve solucan gübresi (%0, %5, %10 ve %20) kullanılmıştır. Deneme dört tekerrürlü ve tesadüf parselleri deneme desenine göre kurulmuştur. Deneme sonunda kök üstü organ, kök ve toprak örneklerinde potasyum, kalsiyum, magnezyum, sodyum, demir, mangan, çinko ve bakır element analizleri yapılmıştır.

Bu çalışmada Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesine ait Araştırma ve Deneme alanı topraklarının bazı fiziksel ve kimyasal özellikleri ile besin elementi içeriklerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma alanında 0-20 cm ve 20-40 cm derinlikten alınan 30 adet toprak örneğinde yapılan analizler sonucunda toprakların büyük bir kısmının tınlı bünyeli olduğu, pH’larının hafif asidik ile hafif alkali arasında değiştiği, genel olarak tuzsuz, çok az kireçli ile çok fazla kireçli arasında kireç içeriklerine sahip oldukları tespit edilmiştir. Organik madde içeriklerinin yüzey toprak örneklerinde orta ve yeter seviyelerde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Toprakların yarayışlı fosfor ve alınabilir potasyum bakımından çok fazla sınıfında yer aldığı, mikro besin elementlerinden yarayışlı çinko içeriklerinin noksan, diğer mikro besin elementlerinin yeter ve fazla sınır değerleri içerinde yer aldıkları bulunmuştur.

To maintain grain quality and prevent loss, effective storage systems are required. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of storage duration (0, 60, 120, 180, 240, 300, 360 days) and temperature (4, 10, and 25 °C) on proximate and nutritional components, and color properties of Mint Vanilla and Titicaca quinoa varieties. The results showed that the increase in storage duration and temperature leads to changes in the grain moisture, protein and ash contents, nutritional component and color properties. There was an increase in ash content at 25 °C, moisture content at 10 and 25 °C, and protein content at 4 °C in the stored grains compared with the grains on the initial of storage for Mint vailla variety. Whereas, there was an decrease in ash and protein content for all the temperature at the end of 360 days storage for Titicaca variety. Overall, there was a decrease (except Fe, Zn, Co, Ni, Cd and Pb) in the nutritional component of both quinoa varieties. L∗, H° and WI values decreased, and a∗, b∗ and C∗ values increased as a function of storage duration and temperature and showed some temperature-dependent degradation for both quinoa varieties.

This study was carried out in order to determine the effects of calcium nitrate (Ca(NO3)2) and humic acid (HA) applications on nutrient uptake of pepper seedling under salt stress in a plant growth room. Before sowing Demre variety of pepper seeds, 60 mM NaCI was added to each 300 cm3 pot. The experiment was ended at eighth week after the sowing. Applications of HA significantly affected K, Ca, Fe, Mn, Zn (p

Buçalışma son yıllarda kullanımı oldukça yaygınlaşan vermikompostun sümbülün Co,Ni, Mo ve Cd içeriklerine etkisini araştırmak için arazi çalışması olarakyürütülmüştür. Deneme Siirt Üniversitesi Kezer Yerleşkesi içinde yer alan BahçeBitkileri Bölümüne ait deneme alanında 3 tekerrürlü olarak tesadüf bloklarıdeneme desenine göre kurulmuştur. Denemede vermikompostun 4 dozu (0, 25, 50 ve100 g/soğan) ve azot-fosfor (NP) olarak 20-20-0 (N-P-K) gübresinden 4 doz (0,2, 4, 8 kg da-1) uygulanmıştır. Deneme sonunda hasat edile sümbülünyaprak ve soğanında elementel analizler yapılmıştır. İstatistiksel analizsonucunda vermikompost ve NP uygulamalarının sümbülün nikel, molibden vekadmiyum içerikleri üzerine P, Thisstudy has been conducted hyacinth Co, Ni, Mo and Cd contents as a field studyto investigate the effects of vermicompost which have become increasinglypopular in recent years. The experiment was carried out in the trial areabelonging to the Department of Horticulture in Siirt University Kezer Campusaccording to randomized blocks trial design. In the experiment, 4 doses (0, 25,50 and 100 g) of vermicompost and 4 doses of nitrogen-phosphorus (NP) (0, 2, 4,8 kg da-1) from 20-20-0 (N-P-K) fertilizer were applied. At the endof the experiment, elemental analysis was performed on the hyacinth leaves andbulbs. Statistical analysis showed that vermicompost and NP applications had asignificant effect on hyacinth nickel, molybdenum and cadmium contents at P

Bu araştırmada farklı dozlarda fosfor ve humik asit uygulamalarının glayöl çeşitlerinin besin elementi içeriği üzerine etkilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Rose Supreme, Deppest Red ve Essential glayöl çeşitlerinin kullanıldığı denemede fosforun üç dozu (P1:0, P2:100, P3:200 mg kg-1) ve humik asidin üç dozu (HA1:0, HA2:1000, HA3:2000 mg kg-1) 3 kg yetiştirme ortamı içeren saksılara uygulanmıştır. Korm dikiminden 140 gün sonra deneme sonlandırılmıştır. Hasat edilen bitkilerde Fe, Cu, Zn ve Mn içerikleri analiz edilmiştir. Mikro besin elementi içeriği bakımından Cu hariç çeşitler arasında istatistiksel anlamda önemli farklılık bulunmamıştır. Cu içeriğinde farklı çeşitlerin meydana getirdiği değişim istatistiksel anlamda %5 düzeyinde önemli bulunmuştur. Farklı fosfor uygulamalarının bitkilerde Mn ve Cu içeriği üzerine etkilerinin istatistiksel anlamda %1 düzeyinde önemli olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bitkilerin Fe ve Cu içerikleri humik asit uygulamalarında istatistiksel olarak önemli (%1) düzeyde etkilenmişlerdir. Çinko ve Cu içeriklerinde çeşit x fosfor interaksiyonunun etkisi istatistiksel olarak %1 düzeyinde önemli bulunmuştur. Çeşit x Fosfor x Humik asit interaksiyonu ise Mn ve Cu içeriklerinde istatistiksel anlamda önemli (%1) değişimler meydana getirmiştir. En yüksek Fe ve Zn içerikleri HA’nın en yüksek dozunda sırasıyla 57.9 mg kg-1 ve 82.0 mg kg-1 olarak elde edilmiştir. En yüksek Cu içeriği ise HA’nın ikinci dozunda 11.4 mg kg-1 olarak bulunmuştur., In this study it was aimed that effects of different doses of phosphorus and humic acid on micro nutrients contents of gladiolus cultivars. Rose Supreme, Deppest Red and Essential gladiolus cultivars were used in this experiment.Three different doses of phosphorus (P1:0, P2:100, P3:200 mg P kg-1) and humic acid (HA1:0, HA2:1000, HA3:2000 mg HA kg-1) were applied plastic pots having 3 kg plant growing media.The experiment was ended after 140 days following planted corm. Iron, Copper, Zinc and Manganese were analysed in the harvested plants.When taking into account micro nutrient contents significant differences were not found among cultivars except Cu contents.The differences of Cu contents caused by different cultivars were found significant at 5% level statistically.Effects of different phosphorus applications on Mn and Fe contents of gladiolus were determined significant at 1% level. Effects of cultivar x phosphorus interactions were found significant (1%) in Zn and Cu contents. Cultivar x phosphorus x humic acid interactions caused the significantly differences in Mn and Cu contents statistically.The highest Fe and Zn contents were obtained as 57.9 mg kg-1 and 82.0 mg kg-1 in HA3 applications. The highest Cu contents were found as 11.4 mg kg-1 in HA2 application.

The study was conducted to determine the effect of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (N2; Bacillus megaterium M-3, TV-6I; Cellulosimicrobium cellulans, TV-34A; Hafnia Alve, TV-69E; Acetobacter pasteurianus and TV-83F; Bacillus cereus) and organic fertilizer (0, 10 and 20 ton / ha) on the seed yield and nutrient content of chickpea under field conditions in 2010 and 2011 growing seasons. Phosphate solubilizing bacteria used in this study were determined by the separate investigation conducted in chamber room by using ten phosphate solubilizing bacteria and organic fertilizer (control, %5,%10). The tiral were laid out with a factorial design in randomized complete block with three replications. In this study, plant height, primary branches, secondary branches and number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, grain yield and biological yield and nutrient content of stem and seed were determined. According to the results of the study bacteria applications increased significantly biological and seed yield. Bacteria applications without organic fertilizer increased nutrient contents of seed and steed except cupper content. In case of inoculation with organic fertilizer provided more increases in biological and seed yields. The highest seed yield were obtained from application of 20 ton/ha + N2 (Bacillus megaterium M-3) with 1020 kg/ha and 1793 kg/ha in 2010 and 2011 years, respectively. Bacteria without organic fertilizer application were more active in terms of phosphorus uptake in both years.

The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of sewage sludge, manure and humic acid applications on soil properties and element concentrations of soil and plants. As a field experiment, lettuce was grown on soil amended with 0, 20, 40 and 80 t ha(-1) of sewage sludge or manure. Humic acid was applied on sewage sludge amended plots as 250 kg ha(-1). Addition of sewage sludge and manure increased lettuce yield, head circle, head height and leaf number and N, P, K and Mg levels to same extent. Leaf Cd concentration increased in sludge treated plots more than manure treated plots. Sewage sludge and manure applications increased organic matter, electrical conductivity, total N, available P, exchangeable K, total Cu, Ni and AB-DTPA ( ammonium bicarbonate-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid) extractable Mn, Cu and Cd concentrations of topsoil. Extractable Fe, Cr and Zn and total Cd, Cr and Zn increased in soil with added sludge. Soil pH was unaffected by either sludge or manure applications. Lettuce leaf concentrations of Cd from the plots treated with humic acid were lower than those not treated with humic acid. Sludge together with humic acid application significantly increased soil available P, and impeded the increase of the soil AB-DTPA extractable Zn concentration. It may be concluded that sewage sludge can be an alternative to manure to enrich organic matter, and rectify N, P, Fe and Zn deficiencies with high pH and calcareous soils. Also, humic substances can be used, to a limited extent, for controlling the availability of sludge-borne heavy metals.

Effects of cadmium applications on plant growth and potassium contents of pepper seedlings were investigated in different mixtures of soil:peat ratios. This study was conducted with three different levels of Cd (Cd0=0, Cd1=2.5 and Cd2=5.0 ppm) and three different ratios of soil:peat (Pt0=soil:no peat, Pt10=soil:10% peat and Pt20=soil:20% peat) in a factorial experimental design with three replications. K contents of shoots and some criteria of pepper seedlings such as; shoot and root dry weights were significantly influenced with the soil:peat ratios. Interactions between soil:peat ratio and Cd significantly affected shoot and root dry weights and K contents of pepper seedlings. Application of 20% peat ratio significantly increased shoot dry weight. Mean root dryweights decreased with increasing Cd dose applications. The highest (7.0%) and the lowest (4.1%) K contents in shoots were determined in Pt20Cd2 and Pt0Cd2 applications, respectively. On the other hand, the highest (3.27%) and the lowest (2.12%) K contents in roots were determined in Pt0Cd2 and Pt20Cd0 applications, respectively. Mean Cd contentents in shoots were also significantly reduced with increasing K contents of shoots, especially in the mixture of soil:20% peat ratio.

This study was carried out to determine the effects of phosphorus and nitrogen applications and Rhizobium inoculation on the yield and nutrient uptake in sainfoin grown in Van, Turkey, in 2002 and 2003. Nitrogen application significantly increased plant height, and fresh forage and hay yields, in both years. The highest values were obtained from the 40 kg ha–1 N. Applications over 40 kg ha–1 N decreased these parameters. Nitrogen at 40 kg ha–1 also resulted in the highest nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents of the plants. The application of 39 kg P ha–1 significantly increased plant height, and fresh forage and hay yields. Phosphorus also increased nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents. Rhizobium inoculation significantly increased all the parameters investigated over the control. The highest yield and nutrient contents were obtained from the application 40 kg ha–1 N + 39 kg P ha–1 + Rhizobium inoculation.