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The current study was carried out to evaluate the effect of pretreatment and co-treatment with a newly synthesized coumarin hydrazone, (E)-4-hydroxy-N'-(1-(3-oxo-3H-benzo[f]chromen-2-yl)ethylidene)benzohydrazide (hereinafter EK6), against isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats. Changes in biochemistry, cardiac biomarkers, electrocardiography, and histopathology after treatment with EK6 or acenocoumarol (Sintrom) were studied. Animals were randomly divided into 4 groups: vehicle control (C), isoproterenol + Sintrom (ISO + Sin), isoproterenol + EK6 (ISO + EK6), and isoproterenol (ISO). Myocardial infarction was induced by subcutaneous ISO administration at a dose of 85 mg x [kg.sup.-1] x [day.sup.- 1] with a drug-free interval of 24 h on days 6 and 7. Treatment with ISO led to significant elevation (p < 0.05) in serum levels of cardiac injury biomarkers, namely cardiac troponin-T, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase-MB, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase compared with levels in the vehicle control. A change in the lipid profile was also observed as a significant increase in total cholesterol and triglycerides. Furthermore, ISO caused significant alterations in the electrocardiogram pattern, including significant ST-segment elevation, significant decreased R wave amplitude, and significant increase in heart rate (16%) as well as marked changes in the histopathology of the heart tissue. Pretreatment and co-treatment with newly synthesized coumarin hydrazone restored all ISO-induced biochemical, lipid, cardiac, and histopathological changes in rats with myocardial infarction. Key words: myocardial infarction, cardioprotection, ECG, isoproterenol, coumarin derivative. La presente etude a ete menee en vue d'evaluer l'effet de l'administration prealable et concomitante de (E)-4-hydroxy-N'-(1-(3-oxo-3H-benzo[f|chromene-2-yl)ethylidene)benzohydrazide, un nouvel hydrazone de coumarine synthetique (represente ici par EK6), contre l'infarctus du myocarde provoque par l'isoproterenol chez le rat. Nous avons etudie les modifications biochimiques, de biomarqueurs cardiaques, electrocardiographiques et histopathologiques apres l'administration d'EK6 ou d'acenocoumarol (Sintrom). Nous avons reparti aleatoirement des animaux dans 4 groupes : temoin-vehicule (TV), isoproterenol + Sintrom (ISO + Sin), isoproterenol + EK6 (ISO + EK6) et isoproterenol (ISO). Nous avons provoque l'infarctus du myocarde par l'administration d'ISO par voie sous-cutanee a raison de 85 mg x [kg.sup.-1] x [jour.sup.-1] avec un intervalle sans medicament de 24 h au aux jours 6 et 7. L'administration d'ISO a mene a une hausse notable (p < 0,05) des taux seriques de biomarqueurs de lesions cardiaques comme la troponine T, la deshydrogenase lactique, la creatine kinase-MB, l'alanine aminotransferase et l'aspartate aminotransferase comparativement aux taux des temoins. Nous avons aussi observe des variations du profil lipidique, avec une hausse marquee du cholesterol total et des triglycerides. En outre, l'ISO a entraine des modifications importantes du patron de l'electrocardiogramme, y compris une nette elevation du segment ST, une diminution marquee de l'amplitude de l'onde R et une augmentation notable de la frequence cardiaque (16 %), ainsi que de l'histopathologie du tissu cardiaque. L'administration prealable ou concomitante du nouvel hydrazone de coumarine synthetique a permis de retablir toutes les variations biochimiques, lipidiques, cardiaques et histopathologiques provoquees par l'ISO chez des rats presentant un infarctus du myocarde. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles : infarctus du myocarde, cardioprotection, ECG, isoproterenol, derive de la coumarine., Introduction Cardiovascular diseases are a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide (World Health Organization 2016). According to the latest report by the World Health Organization, globally, 17.5 million people [...]

A grapevine shoot extract (GSE) was obtained using ultrasound-assisted extraction and characterized. The main phenolic constituents were identified as stilbenoids. Among them, trans-resveratrol and trans-ε-viniferin stood out. The GSE was administered to an isoproterenol-induced myocardial injury animal model. The extract alleviated the associated symptoms of the administration of the drug, i.e., the plasma lipid profile was improved, while the disturbed plasma ion concentration, the cardiac dysfunction markers, the DNA laddering, and the necrosis of myocardial tissue were diminished. This effect could be related to the anti-oxidative potential of GSE associated with its antioxidant properties, the increased levels of endogenous antioxidants (glutathione and enzymatic antioxidants), and the diminished lipid peroxidative markers in the heart. The results also revealed angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory activity, which indicated the potential of GSE to deal with cardiovascular disease events. This work suggests that not only trans-resveratrol has a protective role in heart function but also GSE containing this biomolecule and derivatives. Therefore, GSE has the potential to be utilized in the creation of innovative functional ingredients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the protective effects of Aristolochia longa (A. longa) and Aquilaria malaccensis (A. malaccensis) on acute hepatotoxicity induced by lead in female albino rats.Methods: Twenty five (25) apparently healthy female Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups of five rats in each: control, Pb, Pb + A. longa (Ar), Pb+ A. malaccensis (Aq), and Pb+ A. longa (Ar) + A. malaccensis (Aq) lead (100 mg/kg b.w.) as Pb (C2H3O2)2 added in their drinking water for 75 days. A. longa (rhizome powder at a dose of 10 g/kg of diet) and A. malaccensis (heartwood powder at a dose 10 g/kg of diet) were added to the feed during the last 15 days of lead exposed in the animals.Results: Obtained results revealed that lead treatment caused a significant increase in serum GOT, GPT and ALP activities and in liver of MDA level and CAT activity. In contrast, it led to an decrease in the liver GOT, GPT and GST activities and in GSH level in rats. Also, the results clearly showed that lead causes alterations of hepatic tissue in comparison with controls. Our results showed that treatment with A. malaccensis and A. longa a partial correction of the previous parameters. The histological observations confirmed the hepatoprotection results by the biochemical parameters.Conclusions: Results demonstrated beneficial effects of A. longa and A. malaccensis treatment in Pb-induced oxidative stress and tissue damage in liver.

The Eucalyptus species is traditionally used to cure many diseases. The goal of the present work was to study the phytochemical components of the Eucalyptus camaldulensis seed extract (EC) and to explore the antioxidant and the enzyme inhibitory effects. High-performance liquid chromatography – photodiode array – mass spectrometry analysis (HPLC-PDA-MS/MS) revealed the presence of fifty-seven molecules in the Eucalyptus camaldulensis extract. The main compounds detected were malic acid, gallic acid, and ellagic acid. The results showed that the extract had significant dose–response antioxidant properties and also inhibitory capacity against α-amylase and α-glucosidase. These results highlight the importance of Eucalyptus seeds as a source of biomolecules with beneficial effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study was designed to investigate the possible mechanism involved in hyperglycemia induced by chronic exposure to deltamethrin (DLM) in rat and to assess whether this damage is amenable to modulation by Zygophyllum album. DLM, a synthetic pyrethroid pesticide, was administrated at a dose of 4 mg/kg body mass, during 60 days. Compared with control, DLM showed a significant increase of blood glucose (p [less than or equal to] 0.01) and glycosylated hemoglobin levels (p ≤ 0.01) and a clear decrease (p ≤ 0.01) of insulin and total hemoglobin levels. In addition, hepatic glycogen content and the activity of hexokinase decreased (p ≤ 0.01), whereas the activities of glucose-6-phosphatase and glycogen phosphorylase were significantly increased (p ≤ 0.01). Moreover, pancreatic lipid peroxidation (TBARS level) was higher (p [less than or equal to] 0.01) and oxidative stress biomarkers (SOD, CAT, GPx, and GSH) were altered owing to DLM toxicity. However, Z. album, when combined with DLM, significantly ameliorated almost all the hepato-pancreatic disorders induced by DLM alone. Furthermore, Z. album supplement was found to be effective in preserving the normal histological appearance of hepatic and pancreatic tissue. In conclusion, this study suggested that, owing to its antioxidant effects, methanolic extract of Z. album (MEZAL) can potentially prevent the hyperglycemia observed in DLM-treated Key words: Zygophyllum album, deltamethrin, hyperglycemia, pancreatic, hepatic. Les presents travaux visaient a etudier le mecanisme jouant eventuellement un role dans l'hyperglycemie provoquee par l'exposition chronique a la deltamethrine (DLM) chez le rat et d'evaluer s'il est possible de manier la modulation de ces dommages a l'aide de Zygophyllum album. Nous avons administre de la DLM, un pesticide a base de pyrethrine de synthese, a raison de 4 mg/kg de poids corporel, pendant 60 jours. Comparativement aux temoins, nous avons observe avec la DLM une augmentation marquee de la glycemie (p [less than or equal to] 0,01) et des taux d'hemoglobine glyquee (p ≤ 0,01) ainsi qu'une nette diminution (p ≤ 0,01) des taux d'insuline et d'hemoglobine totale. De plus, les taux de glycogene dans le foie et l'activite de l'exokinase diminuaient (p ≤ 0,01), alors que l'activite de la glucose-6-phosphatase et de la glycogene phosphorylase augmentait de facon marquee (p ≤ 0,01). De surcroit, la peroxydation lipidique pancreatique (taux de TBARS) etait plus elevee (p [less than or equal to] 0,01) et les taux de biomarqueurs du stress oxydatif (SOD, CAT, GPX et GSH) etaient modifies en raison de la toxicite de la DLM. Cependant, en associant l'administration de Z. album a celle de DLM, nous observions une attenuation notable de presque tous les troubles hepato-pancreatiques causes par la DLM administree isolement. De plus, nous avons observe que la supplementation en Z. album permettait de preserver de maniere efficace l'apparence histologique normale des tissus hepatique et pancreatique. En conclusion, cette etude laissait entendre qu'en raison de ses effets anti-oxydants, l'extrait methanolique de Z. album (MEZAL) pourrait eventuellement prevenir l'hyperglycemie observee avec l'administration de DLM. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles : Zygophyllum album, deltamethrine, hyperglycemie, pancreatique, hepatique., Introduction Synthetic pyrethroids are one of the most popular classes of pesticides currently used in agriculture, horticulture, forestry, and public health because they are environmentally compatible by virtue of their [...]

Rhus tripartitum D.C., Anacardiaceae, has traditionally been used in Tunisia against many illnesses. The present study investigates, for the first time, the protective effects of the methanol extract of Rhus tripartitum fruit (MERT) against C[Cl.sub.4]-induced hepatotoxicity and cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicty in Wistar rats. ALT, AST, LDH, GGT, creatinin, urea, and uric acid levels were studied. The changes in antioxidant parameters such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl contents were also determined. The increased levels of MDA (30.97 and 11.50 nmol MDA/mg protein in liver and kidney, respectively) and protein carbonyls (13.4 and 17.95 nmol/mg protein in liver and kidney, respectively) were attenuated by MERT pretreatment (19.35 and 6.1 nmol MDA/mg protein and 9.15 and 12 nmol/mg protein in liver and kidney, respectively). The MERT pretreatment significantly reduced the increased biochemical parameters of liver and kidney caused by C[Cl.sub.4] and cisplatin treatment. The histopathologic observation showed that MERT pretreatment restores the altered tissues. The observed results could be due to the high phenolic content and to MERT's important antioxidant potential. This study supports the hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effects of R. tripartitum. Key words: Rhus tripartitum, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective. Rhus tripartitum D.C., une Anacardiaceae, a ete traditionnellement utilisee en Tunisie contre plusieurs maladies. La presente etude examine pour la premiere fois les effets protecteurs d'un extrait au methanol du fruit de Rhus tripartitum (MERT) contre l'hepatotoxicite induite par le C[Cl.sub.4] et la nephrotoxicite induite par le cisplatine chez les rats Wistar. Les niveaux d'ALT, d'AST, de LDH, de GGT, d'uree et l'acide urique ont ete etudies. Les changements sur le plan des parametres antioxydants comme les contenus en malonaldehyde (MDA) et en proteines carbonylees ont aussi ete determines. Les augmentations des niveaux de MDA (30,97 et 11,50 nmol MDA/mg proteines hepatiques et renales, respectivement) et de proteines carbonylees (13,4 et 17,95 nmol/mg de proteines hepatiques et renales, respectivement) etait attenuees par un pretraitement au MERT (19,35 et 6,1 nmol MDA/mg proteine et 9,15 et 12 nmol/mg proteines hepatiques et renales, respectivement). Le pretraitement au MERT reduisait significativement l'augmentation des parametres biochimiques du foie et du rein causee par le traitement au C[Cl.sub.4] et au cisplatine. L'observation histopathologique montrait que le pretraitement au MERT retablissait les tissus abimes. Les resultats observes peuvent etre dus aux contenus phenoliques eleves et au potentiel antioxydant important du MERT. Cette etude corrobore les effets hepatoprotecteurs et nephroprotecteurs conjoints de R. tripartitum. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles: Rhus tripartitum, hepatoprotecteur, nephroprotecteur., Introduction The liver, as a vital organ in the body, plays a pivotal role in the metabolism and detoxification of various dangerous endogenous and exogenous substances. The kidneys serve several [...]