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Crystallization as the most widespread purification, separation, and morphology-determining method is a critical technology that could be made safer and more economical by using continuous crystall...

Abstract In the present study, NiO modified ZnAl2O4 and ZnO modified NiAl2O4 spinel along with pure Al2O3, ZnAl2O4 and NiAl2O4 for comparison in the CO2 hydrogenation reaction have been investigated. It was found that NiAl2O4, NiO/ZnAl2O4 and ZnO/NiAl2O4 catalysts exhibited outstanding activity and selectivity towards methane even at high temperature compared to similar spinel structures reported in the literature. NiO/ZnAl2O4 catalyst showed CO2 consumption rate of ~ 19 μmol/g·s at 600 °C and ~ 85% as well as ~ 50% of methane selectivity at 450 °C and 600 °C, respectively. The high activity and selectivity of methane can be attributed to the presence of metallic Ni and Ni/NiO/ZnAl2O4 interface under the reaction conditions as evidenced by the XRD results. Graphic Abstract High performance Ni–Zn–Al-based oxide/spinel nanostructures is synthesized and NiO/ZnAl2O4 catalyst exhibited higher catalytic activity in the CO2 hydrogenation reaction due to the presence of metal support interaction between Ni and ZnAl2O4 support.

Large randomized clinical trials in severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients have proven efficacy of intravenous tocilizumab. Our aim was to describe the laboratory parameters predicting in-hospital mortality of patients with tocilizumab administration in COVID-19 associated cytokine release syndrome (CRS).We evaluated high-dose (8 mg/kg) intravenous tocilizumab administration in severe and critically ill COVID-19 adult patients fulfilling predefined strict CRS criteria. A single-centre, prospective, observational cohort study was carried out among consecutive adult (≥18 years of age) in-patients with COVID-19 between April 1 and December 31, 2020. The primary endpoint was 28-day all-cause mortality. The changes in laboratory parameters from baseline on day 7 and 14 after administration of tocilizumab were analysed.In total, 1801 patients were admitted to our centre during the study period. One hundred and six patients received tocilizumab, and among them 62 (58.5%) required intensive care unit admittance while 25 (23.6%) deceased. At day 7 after tocilizumab administration, inflammatory markers (CRP, IL-6, ferritin) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) values were significantly lower among survivors. Subsequently, at day 14, differences of IL-6 and LDH levels has become more pronounced between subgroups. Restoration of absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) by day 7 and 14 was insufficient among patients who died.In our cohort, administration of high-dose tocilizumab for COVID-19 patients with CRS demonstrated clinical and sustained biochemical parameter improvement in 76.4%. In this patient population high and increasing LDH, IL-6, and low ALC levels had a predictive role for mortality.

Az SZTE Mernoki Karan első lepeskent felmertuk a specialis nevelesi igenyű hallgatokat, helyzetkepet kaptunk, es megceloztuk a lemorzsolodast csokkentő program beinditasat. Jelen tanulmanyban a 2017/2018. tanev 2. szemeszterenek kezdeten, aktiv hallgatok velemenyet mertuk fel, kiemelten foglalkozva a Kar leginkabb nagy letszamu szakjaival (gepesz- ill. elelmiszermernok). Megallapitottuk, hogy fejlesztesre mindenkeppen szukseg van, hiszen ennek soran az egyenhez igazitott kovetelmenyek meghatarozasa evidens, emellett a kortars csoportokba tartozok beilleszkedeset elő kell segitenunk es sikerelmenyt kell biztositani hallgatoinknak. Ravilagitottunk arra is, hogy szukseges annak feltarasa, hogy milyen problemak allhatnak tanulmanyi szempontbol a tanulasi nehezsegek hattereben, ugymint diszlexia, diszgrafia, hallasi vagy latasi problemak, koncentracio zavar, stressz, vagy egyeb okok. Abstract: At University of Szeged Faculty of Engineering we have studied students with special needs, we got a picture of the situation and we aimed at launching a drop-out program. In this paper at the beginning of 201/2018 academic year we surveyed active status students’ opinions in spring semester, underlined the most large-scale professions (mechanical and food engineering). We have found that development is absolutely necessary since the definition of tailor-made requirements is evident in addition, we need to facilitate the integration of people in contemporary groups and we must provide our students with a sense of success. We also highlighted it, how to explore it, what problems can be faced in terms of learning in the context of learning difficulties, like dyslexia, dysgraphia, hearing or vision problems, concentration disturbance, stress, or other causes.

Tágabb és szükebb környezetünkben is - a jelentős autóipari fejlesztéseknekköszönhetően - egyre nagyobb figyelem irányul az elektromos meghajtású járművekre. Szegeden sokévtizede közlekednek villamosok és trolibuszok, az utóbbi években önjáró változatban is. Ezzel együtta lakosság elektromos meghajtású autó vásárlási aktivitása is növekszik, amely egyrészt kedvezőkörnyezeti hatásokat okoz Szegeden, viszont új feladatokat is tűz ki a megfelelő működtetésükérdekében. A hagyományos üzemanyag-töltőállomások szerepe változik-e meg, egészül-e ki vagyegy egészen más rendszerű energia utánpótlási módot kell kialakítani? Kérdőíves felmérésünkkelfelmérjük a lakosság ez irányú ismeretét, megkérdezzük véleményét és választ keresünk a felmerültkihívásra. Vizsgálatunk egy több éves (H2020) projekt része, amely a közösségi közlekedés mellettaz egyéni közlekedés elektromosításának lehetőségeit tárja fel.

Biodiesel use in local public transport could be especially significant in improving air quality in cities. The purpose of the experiments described in this paper was to evaluate the various (10, 20 and 50%) blends of biodiesel with diesel in the context of the engine and pollution aspects. As regards the experimental use of these findings on municipal buses, these experiments were the first reference in Hungary. The ages (15–20 years) and types of buses (Ikarus-280, Ikarus-260) used in the experiments are still common vehicles in Hungarian public transport. During our measurements, there was a significant difference between the change in fuel consumption of articulated and solo buses in traffic when compared to test bench measurements. The proportion of the engine performance reduction is nearly the same as that for biodiesel share in the blends. Most pollutants were decreasing (both at idle and full rpm), but this reduction is not directly proportional to the increase of the blending percentage. However, as for CO 2 , emission increase was observed in the case of idle rpm in comparison to normal diesel operation, even though this phenomenon was not due to biodiesel use, but the catalytic converter and the fact that biodiesel was used for the first time in the engine concerned.

The aim of this paper is to give an overview of the phenomenon of professionalization that is observable in organizations from the nonprofit sector. Empirical research was conducted among Hungarian nonprofit organizations, and the data were collected within the framework of a country-wide survey. Through the analysis of the research results, the paper provides deeper insights into knowledge about professionalization trends in the nonprofit sector. It proves that organizational development positively impacts nonprofit organizations’ improvement of their professionalization level and the members of these organizations.

Renewables - excluding large hydro accounted for 48% - increased to 15.2% of world cumulative generation capacity in 2014, from 13.8% in 2013. In the EU, the European Parliament approved a reform of the 2020 biofuels target. The new version of the Renewable Energy Directive (RED) distributes the 10% cal. biofuels target into a share for crop-based biofuel (limited at 7% cal.) with the rest to be met with another biofuels and renewable electricity containing multiple counting possibilities. Merely 2% of the EU’s fuel consumption can be covered by its own researches, which looks good pretend a strong dependence on the oil exporting countries. The implementations of biogenic fuels produced from fast growing plant is continuously gaining in importance with regard to economic and environmental effects. Generally they are not offered in their pure form but just as blend components to conventional fuels. Their mixtures can bring about fundamental feature improvements. Ethanol fuel output in 2015 reached a peak high helped by rising gasoline demand in the US. Besides, the changes in the fuel taxation in Brazil and an increase in the minimum blending ratio also pushed along the ethanol fuel demand. The weaker euro and low grain prices on the back of a record wheat crop turned into a considerable growth in output in the EU. Disregard the stimulating developments on the legislative side, it must also be confessed that the decreasing crude oil prices took their customs on the 2015 biofuel markets. For ethanol fuel, more growth could theoretically arrive from an extending of E-10 in EU member states. Unnecessary to discuss that an outlook for a post-2020 biofuels target at the EU level does not valid.

There is a shortage of empirical human resource management (HRM) literature in respect to identifying new patterns of multinational company (MNC) involvement in the Central and Eastern Europe region and the impact of ongoing MNC operations on the patterns of the HRM behavior of these companies. To counter this lack of understanding within the field, our broadly based, international survey asked 279 subsidiaries located in Croatia, Estonia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Serbia, and Slovakia and was conducted in 2010. It aimed to describe the relationships within the companies involved—between the influencing factors and the HR solutions applied—in a statistically valid way.

The paper is based on international research and on the ongoing research of the authors in the field of professionalization of nonprofit organizations. Desk research is supported by the analysis of the results of the pilot project of an organizational development programme in Hungary. The findings of the empirical research serve as a benchmark for the large sample research. Since the paper gives insight over changes in the operational environment of nonprofit organizations that are connected to their learning needs and chosen solutions, and brings practical evidence, it contributes to the current research of professionalization of nonprofit sector organizations internationally.

A Pecsi Tudomanyegyetem Kozgazdasagtudomanyi Karan sok eve folyo HR-kutatas legujabb eredmenye ez a beszamolo, amely 74 Magyarorszagon is műkodő multinacionalis vallalat helyi leanyvallalatanak HR-gyakorlatat vizsgalja. Az adatfelvetel (tobbsegeben helyszini interju) ideje 2010. aprilis-november. Igy a megallapitasok mar a valsagbol valo kilabalas időszakara is vonatkoznak: mit es hogyan tettek a HR-szervezetek, valamint a vonalbeli vezetők a HR-munka hatekonysaganak novelesere. A felallitott 5, ezzel kapcsolatos hipotezist a szerzők vizsgalataik alapjan reszben igazolni tudtak. A fő megallapitas: a nemzetkozi vallalatok – minimalis letszamcsokkentessel – kitartottak Magyarorszag mellett, megerősitettek a helyi leanyvallalatoknal folyo HR-munkat. A kutatas nemzetkozi keretekben jelenleg is folytatodik: 6 orszagban keszulnek tanulmanyok a helyi hasonlo vallalati korre, a magyarorszagieval azonos HR-vizsgalati szempontok alapjan. _________ This article is the result of the several year long HR-research conducted at the Faculty of Business and Management of the University of Pecs, and it analyzes the HR-practices of the Hungarian subsidiaries of 74 multinational enterprises. Data collection (mostly interviews at the subsidiaries) took place during the period of April-November 2010. Hence, the findings also relate to the period of the recovery from the recession: what and how the HR-units/ and line managers did to increase the efficiency of the HR work. The 5 hypotheses in relation with this, could partially be verified by the research of the authors of this paper. The main finding is that the multinational enterprises – with a slight decrease of headcount – stood beside Hungary and strengthened the HR-activities at their subsidiaries. Research is still being continued internationally: studies are being prepared in 6 countries on similar groups of local companies, by using the same HR-research aspects as those used in Hungary.

Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis have important role among the causative agents of sexually transmitted diseases. Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the frequency and antibiotic resistance of Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis in genital samples obtained from patients examined in the Sexually Transmitted Diseases Centre of the Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest between May 1, 2008 and July 31, 2010. Patients and methods: Samples were taken from the urethra in men and from the cervix and urethra in women by universal swab (Biolab®) into Urea-Myco DUO kit (Bio-Rad®) and were incubated for 48 hours at 37 C°. Antibiotic sensitivity of positive samples was determined in U9 bouillon using SIR Mycoplasma kit (Bio-Rad®). Results: Samples for 4154 patients aged 16-60 years were examined. In 247/4154 samples (6%) U. urealyticum and in 26/4154 samples (0.63%) M. hominis was isolated from the genital tract. Most U. urealyticum and M. hominis strains (75% and 77%, respectively) were cultured from cervix, while the remaining 25%, and 23% from the male and female urethra, respectively. U. urealyticum and M. hominis were most commonly detected in patients aged between 21 and 40 years. The majority of U. urealyticum strains were sensitive to tetracycline (94%), doxycycline (95%), azithromycin (88%) and josamycin (90%), but were resistant to ofloxacin (21%), erythromycin (85%) and clindamycin (79%). Seventy-seven percent of the U. urealyticum strains were simultaneously resistant to erythromycin and clindamycin, suggesting that ex iuvantibus therapies may select cross-resistant strains to both antibiotics. The resistance of M. hominis to clindamycin, doxycycline, ofloxacin and tetracycline varied between 4% and 12 %. Conclusions: Because none of the strains was sensitive to all examined antibiotics, the antibiotic sensitivity of U. urealyticum and M. hominis strains should be determined. The high rate of ofloxacin, erythromycin and clindamycin resistance should be considered in the therapy of U. urealyticum infections in Hungary. This is the firstsuch a clinical microbiological study in this topic in Hungary. Orv. Hetil., 2011, 152, 1698–1702.

An efficient method for the palladium mediated hydrogenation of an optically active, N-protected aminooxetane derivative has been developed. Using appropriate solvents, in a one-step reaction, a chiral 1,4-aminoalcohol derivative [(2S,3R)-4-amino-3-benzoyloxy-2-benzylbutan-1-ol] was formed over a Pd/C catalyst, during hydrogenolytic ring opening and debenzylation reactions.

Management, including Human Resources Management, has undergone major changes in Hungary since the economic and political changes of 1989. This area is even regarded as a field of continuous transformation. This study makes an effort to compare differences and similarities of specific features of Human Resources Management in Hungary in the light of two consecutive surveys, Cranet 2005 and 2008 (Cranet is an established group of top business schools and academic institutions, all collaborating to provide unique and rigorous data on human resource management practices across the world). According to these analyses, the study compares typical characteristics and practices of Human Resources Management in Hungary with major trends and tendencies of this field in 32 countries, including 6 countries from the Central and Eastern European region as well. JEL classification: J24, M1, M54

The nonprofit sector today has to meet growing demands for better quality services and growing competition from business and public organizations, and also from other nonprofit organizations. Because of these circumstances they have to become more professional in their activities. The paper examines the professionalization and knowledge management in nonprofit organizations. The theoretical issues of knowledge management of nonprofit organizations are supported by examples from (earlier and recent) research of the authors. The aspects of knowledge management presented in this paper, not only give an insight over the contribution of nonprofit organizations to the success of a larger project, but they ca be an example for other nonprofits dealing with similar problems, facing similar challenges.

Management of human resources, the same as other fields of management, has altered significantly in Hungary since the democratic transformation and in many respects it is still changing. This paper – while describing the specific Hungarian HR practice and its alterations – makes a comparison of the characteristics of the Hungarian samples of two Cranet surveys. Based on these, we outline the ratio of similarity between the Hungarian and the global (or that of the 32 countries participating in the network) HR practice and the features of HR practices of (6 network member) countries from the Central and Eastern European (CEE) region.

A tanulmány a tudásalapú társadalom jellegzetes szereplőinek, a tudásintenzív üzleti szolgáltatásokat (TIÜSZ) nyújtó szervezeteknek a bemutatásával foglalkozik. Olyan szervezetekről van szó, amelyek tudásalapú szolgáltatásokat nyújtanak más cégeknek, azaz az ún. tudásintenzív üzleti szektorhoz tartoznak. A tanulmányból megismerjük főbb jellemzőiket, helyüket a gazdasági szektorokon belül, valamint a gazdaságban játszott szerepüket. A dolgozat kitér a tudáskommunikáció, elsősorban a tudásteremtés és -transzfer kérdésére. Széles körű nemzetközi kitekintés alapján körvonalazza a tudásintenzív szolgáltatások jövőbeli fejlődésének várható tendenciáit.

This paper seeks to address the similarities and differences between HR practices and policies of private and public sector organisations by reporting the results of our analysis based on the CRANET database. In our paper detailed statistical analysis is made for the three geographical subsets (New Public Management Countries, Eastern Europe, and All Other Countries) of the CRANET Survey 2004–2005. In light of CRANET data we review whether public sector reforms driven by radical structural changes, privatisation of certain government functions, or adaptation of New Public Management technologies could have or could not have eliminated the most important distinguishing features of public and private sector organisations in the field of HRM.

The dependence of the Hungarian economy on energy imports has already reached that degree, which is forecast in the EU for the average of the community by 2020. The total quantity of the biomass in Hungary is 350 - 360 mtons, out of which 105 - 110 mtons reproduces itself annualy. The energy content of the yearly produced biomass is as high as 1185 PJ, which is 5% more than the annual energy consumption. The renewable energies which are produced by agriculture could cover 10% of the energy demand of Hungary for a short term. At our College Faculty in Mezotur we have been dealing with the application issues of vegetable oil derivates as fuels since 1990. The total quantity of the biomass in Hungary is 350 - 360 mtons, out of which 105 - 110 mtons reproduces itself annually. The energy content of the yearly produced biomass is as high as 1185 PJ, which is 5% more than the annual energy consumption. The biggest biomass producer is agriculture, which produces 58 mtons a year. The quan- tity of biomass used for energetic purposes is only 1,8 mtons. The renewable energies, produced by agriculture could cover 10% of the energy demand of Hungary for a short term 2 . The main objectives of European climate protection were applied in the Hungarian environmental laws. The national quotas were allocated first in 2005, but the new allocation plan has not been submitted to the EU. It was easy for Hungary to fulfil the Kyoto targets, as at present the emission is significantly lower, than it was in 1990. The EU energy policy focuses on the promotion of renewable energy sources. The EU encourages the exten- sion of renewable fuels in transport. The Parliament resolution aimed at alternative energy says that biofuel will have to reach 4% of the total fuel use by 2010. In order to achieve its goals, Hungary has al- ready started certain investments. In 2005 renewable en- ergy accounted for 4,6% of the total use of energy. The dependence of the Hungarian economy on energy imports has already reached that degree, which is forecast in the EU for the average of the Community by 2020. In

The HR practices of the former state-socialist countries have gone through significant changes. The analysis of the developments, built on the Cranet (2004) survey, intends to describe the similarities and differences found between 6 countries of the Central Eastern European region and the total sample of 32 countries participating in the survey. The primary aim of the paper is to highlight the strands of international human resource management, investigating the main focuses, strong and weak elements of both CHRM and HRM. Moreover, it attempts to formulate suggestions on where and how to increase the explanatory power of the current models of CHRM, based on the experiences gained by this analysis. Die HR-Praxis in den ehemaligen sozialistischen Ländern hat wesentliche Veränderungen erfahren. Die Analyse der Entwicklungen, die auf der Cranet- Umfrage (2004) aufgebaut sind, zeigt Ähnlichkeiten und Unterschiede zwischen 6 Ländern dieser Region und der Gesamtstichprobe von 32 Ländern. Das primäre Ziele dieses Beitrages liegt darin, den Ist-Zustand und Hauptfokus im internationalen Personalmanagement aufzuzeigen sowie die Stärken und Schwächen von CHRM und HRM zu ermitteln. Darüberhinaus wird versucht, Vorschläge zu formulieren, auf welche Weise und wo die Aussagekraft der aktuellen CHRM-Modelle erhöht werden kann.

An efficient method for the palladium mediated hydrogenation of an optically active, O -protected hydroxyoxetane derivative has been developed. Using appropriate solvents, in a one-step reaction, optically active 1,4-diol was formed over a Pd/C catalyst, during hydrogenolytic ring opening and detritylation reactions.

Amikor a vezető európai emberi erőforrás menedzsment kutatók az elmélet és gyakorlat európai sajátosságait vizsgálták, egészen a közelmúltig megfeledkeztek Közép- és Kelet-Európáról. A Cranfield University koordinálásával folyó CRANET-kutatás lehetővé teszi ennek a hiánynak a pótlását; a magyar részvétel pedig a hazai sajátosságok elemzését az európai gyakorlathoz viszonyítva. A tanulmány a régiók szerinti hasonlóságok és a különbségek (konvergenciák és divergenciák) meglétét kutatja nagyminták felhasználásával, és a kapott eredményeket egybeveti korábbi magyarországi és európai kutatások megállapításaival.

Efficient enzyme catalyzed kinetic resolutions of a synthetically useful chiral building block, (Z)-4-triphenylmethoxy-2,3-epoxybutan-1-ol, are reported. The highest selectivities were achieved by Lipozyme TL IM and Amano Lipase PS enzymes in the presence of vinyl acetate. Enantiomeric enrichment of the optically active acetate isomer was accomplished by selective crystallization of the racemic part of the enantiomeric mixture. Enzyme catalyzed hydrolysis of the acetate also provided an optically pure epoxybutanol derivative. O-Benzylation of (+)-(Z)-1-hydroxy-4-triphenylmethoxy-2,3-epoxybutane followed by super base promoted diastereo- and enantio-selective rearrangement resulted in (+)-(2R,3R,1'R)-3-[1-hydroxy-2-(triphenylmethoxy)ethyl]-2-phenyloxetane in >98% ee and de. Configurations of the new optically active products were determined by chemical correlation.

Down syndrome is caused by trisomy of all or part of human chromosome 21 (HSA21) and is the most common genetic cause of significant intellectual disability. It is the most common chromosome abnormality in humans, occurring in about one per 1000 babies born each year. It is typically associated with physical growth delays, characteristic facial features, and mild to moderate intellectual disability [1]. The average IQ of a young adult with Down syndrome is 50, equivalent to the mental age of an 8- or 9-year-old child, but this varies widely [2]. The purpose of this study is to create a tool in the virtual world Second Life [3] to develop basic counting skills for young adults with Down syndrome. Following an international literature review, our project explored and used pre-programmed equipment, Linden Scripting Language, tables and intellectual interfaces with educational intentions. The study suggests that the product will not only aid the development of counting skills for young adults with Down syndrome, but will also create an entertaining environment for all visitors, furthermore promoting imagination and motivation within a virtual community.

Banks and credit institutions must be managed in order to ensure that they adapt to ever-changing social needs and consumer expectations. This is an everyday lesson, but to be honest, such teachings do not say much. Practising professionals in the banking sector need something more specific and practical to be able to manage changes effectively. The findings of this paper are based on desk research and field research. Empirical evidence is provided by the application of change management models of other sectors, for the banking sector. The goal of this paper is to enlarge the relevant knowledge that is needed more than ever by the Hungarian banking sector in order to tackle the challenges it faces. And experiences show that the knowledge base available is rather limited. Since change management has never made a special attempt to resolve the organisational changes of the banking sector neither on the international nor on the domestic scene, and because references to banking organisations are few, it is also goal of this paper to show Hungarian and international mini cases and literature examples where the change management was implemented successfully and that offer lessons for other organizations. This work is licensed under aCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

International research results underpin that turbulent, continuously changing environment makes everyday operations for nonprofit (nongovernmental, voluntary) sector organizations harder. It also can be observed that in this situation, nonprofit organizations acquire knowledge from business sector organizations which enables them to improve their structures and processes. They implement methods of the business sector as means of ensuring long term existence, better performance and sustainable success. In recent years, this process has generated new dilemmas for those who are concerned with the future of this sector: if and how the strengthening focus on knowledge processes such as learning and development of individuals working for nonprofit organizations impact organizational knowledge and organizational development and, how important professionalization is for them.The goal of this paper is, to give an overview of special issues of learning and growing professionalization of non profit organizations, and to contribute to the research of these processes. Empirical evidence is provided on the base of a large sample survey that involves approximately 1.000 Hungarian foundations or associations. With the help of the research findings the paper shall expand our general knowledge about professionalization trends in the sector, and also provide deeper insight in details of the relationship between participation in organizational development programs and becoming more professional in everyday operations and services. This work is licensed under aCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Ez az írás a közelmúlt publikációinak kritikai elemzésével azokra a kritikusnak nevezhető pontokra irányítja a figyelmet, amelyek a szerző szerint, a hazai elméleti és gyakorlati szakemberek tudásbázisának növelése szempontjából is, fokozott érdeklődésre tarthatnak számot. Ezek a kritikus pontok sokfélék lehetnek. Előtérbe helyezésük és csoportosításuk minden esetben tartalmazza a szerzők szubjektivitását és prioritásait, különös tekintettel arra a tényre, hogy a változásmenedzsment komplex, sokszor zavaros (messy) problémák kezelésére irányul, amelyekben az ok-okozati viszonyok korántsem egyértelműek. Így a vizsgálandó tényezők sorrendje is akár felcserélhető lehet - függően a kutatási és gyakorlati céloktól vagy súlypontoktól.

One of the major problems companies face in the marketplace is a gap between corporate brand values as perceived by the customers and the corporate brand values declared as such by the management. One possible cause for that gap is the situation in which companies transfer to their customers corporate brand values that are different from their actual corporate values and culture. Such a difference is perceived by their employees as a lie that causes them to feel a lack of identification with the corporate brand and an unwillingness to support it adequately. As a consequence the customers feel a mistrust towards the corporate brand, which results in a weakened brand. So how can the organization close that gap? This research showed that Person-Organization Fit (POF) can play a significant role in closing that gap. The notion of Person-Organization Fit, i.e. the fit between organizational values and the individual values of employees, has been explored a lot and normally in relation to internal orga...

A new enzyme catalysed kinetic resolution of cis-4-benzyloxy-2,3-epoxybutanol has been reported. Efficient, scalable separation of the optically active alcohol from its ester derivative has been solved with liquid–liquid and solid–liquid extraction methods using commercial organic solvents and supercritical carbon dioxide. cis-4-Benzyloxy-2,3-epoxy-1-butanol enantiomers were applied for the enantioselective synthesis of (2S,3S,1′S)- and (2R,3R,1′R)-3-[2′-(dibenzylamino)-1′-hydroxyethyl]-2-phenyloxetane.

A szerzők írásukban bemutatják a hazai nem-profitorientált szervezetek külső elszámoltathatóságának két legfontosabb aspektusát: az állami szabályozók és az ágazati standardok működését, illetve ezek legfontosabb hatásait és szerepét a vezetésben.

The portion of oil could be estimated 33 % of global primary energy consumption in 2012 (BP, 2012) and its average price – beside the products produced from it as well - significantly increased, unlike the demand for transport which has been reduced. This tendency is expected to remain unchanged in the long run, therefore, there is a great importance for the variety of diesel fuel distributors, in comparison of the ratio value for each of them, and replacing them with biodiesel can be used in the comparison. We executed 3 dynamometer measurements performed to determine three different dealers purchased diesel oil, some economical examinations of the diesel oil retail price, and the use of biodiesel all based on the expected economic studies in the literature studies of extra fuel consumption values. The results of these tests indicate that the differences of consumption between diesel oils can be up to 5 %, the conclusion is that distinctions of diesel oil consumptions are almost the same when we tested the differences between diesel oil and biodiesel. This means we can reach the same result with a high quality biodiesel as with poor quality diesel oil. This also means that– below 20% of mixing ratio we can easily choose by prices alone. Between these prices and products ( D1, D2, D3), we can save 4.8% diesel oil by using D2, 6.2% diesel oil by using D3 compared to D1. There could be a little revolution variance (D2: 2.9-6%, D3: 4.9- 7.1%), but this variance is under 1% so it is negligible.

A tudással megalapozott szellemi tőke versenyképes minőségének biztosítása, illetve e szellemi tőke sikeres hasznosítása a szervezeti célok elérése érdekében gyakran használt menedzsmenttevékenység a vállalati menedzsmentben. Kevésbé ismertek és használatosak ezek a megközelítések a térségi folyamatok menedzselésére, a tudás térségi összefüggéseinek feltárására és annak menedzselésére. Jelen tanulmány kísérletet tesz e kérdéskör vizsgálatára.

In the last decade of the 20th century knowledge has gained importance in the economy. This lead to the emergence of knowledge-based activities: knowledge-intensive organizations, and particularly knowledge-intensive services. These organizations function as external knowledge sources for other organizations. Their performance depends largely on professional knowledge. Since their performance has an impact on the success of their clients, it is important to look at those factors which influence the knowledge transfer between service provider and client organization. Based on theory and empirical research, the paper addresses the specific aspects of knowledge transfer from knowledge-intensive business service organizations to client organizations.