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Phyllanthus emblica L. fruit extract (PFE) was introduced to improve ZVI/H2O2 technology, and the efficiency and mechanism of PFE promoting ZVI/H2O2 technology were explored. With the introduction of PFE, the Norfloxacin (NOR) removal rate and kobs of the process were improved by 41.17% and 5.08 times, respectively. In the ZVI/H2O2/PFE process, the degradation of NOR by the attack of ROS is the main pathway for decontamination and is dominated by the heterogeneous reaction on the catalyst surface. PFE contains 13.92 g/L titratable acid and has good complexing ability and antioxidant ability. The mechanism of PFE promoting ZVI/H2O2 technology was based on lowering the pH, complemented by chelation and antioxidant capacity. With the introduction of PFE, the utilization rate of the reagent was significantly increased (7.56 times for ZVI and 3.21 times for H2O2), the applicable pH range was widened (6–9) and the iron sludge was reduced (32.80%). Meanwhile, the concept of UPR is proposed for the first time. The result is the key role to the selection of green promoters in the ZVI/H2O2 process depends on the abundance of titratable acid, followed by a certain chelating ability and antioxidant capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A three‐dimensional Cu‐MOF (XJU‐1) was synthesized based on 5‐((4‐[1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐yl]benzyl)amino)isophthalic acid ligand (H3L), which showed excellent performance for Fenton‐like degradation of organic dyes (rhodamine B [RhB], methylene blue [MB], methyl orange [MO], methyl violet [MV], congo red [CR], malachite green [MG], xylenol orange [XO]). The results demonstrated that XJU‐1 could efficiently activate H2O2 to achieve 100% removal of RhB and MB with the initial concentration of 10 mg/L under 10 W light‐emitting diode ultraviolet light irradiation within 7 and 6 min, respectively. The possible degradation mechanism was investigated via active species capture experiments, electron spin resonance (ESR) measurement, and the electrochemical analyses. The hydroxyl radical (•OH) was the principal active specie at the whole process, whereas superoxide radical (•O2−), singlet oxygen (1O2) could boost the Fenton‐like reaction for the mineralization of RhB and MB dyes. Possible degradation pathways of RhB and MB were assumed based on the testing results of intermediates. The studies showed that the XJU‐1 still maintained an excellent efficiency for RhB and MB degradation after five cycles. In addition, the iodine capture of XJU‐1 in cyclohexane solution was investigated, the results showed that XJU‐1 had excellent adsorption performance for iodine, and the maximum adsorption capacity was about 368 mg/g. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To reveal the influence of the diversity of precursors on the formation of environmental persistent free radicals (EPFRs), pomelo peel (PP) and its physically divided portion, pomelo cuticle (PC), and white fiber (WF) were used as precursors to prepare six hydrochars: PPH-Fe, PCH-Fe, WFH-Fe, PPH, PCH, and WFH with and without Fe(III) addition during hydrothermal carbonization (HTC). PPH-Fe and WFH-Fe had higher EPFRs content (9.11 × 1018 and 8.25 × 1018 spins·g−1) compared to PPH and WFH (3.33 × 1018 and 2.96 × 1018 spins·g−1), indicating that iron-doping favored EPFRs formation. However, PCH-Fe had lower EPFRs content (2.78 × 1018 spins·g−1) than PCH (7.95 × 1018 spins·g−1), possibly due to excessive iron leading to the consumption of the generated EPFRs. For another reason, the required Fe(III) amount for EPFRs formation might vary among different precursors. PC has a lower concentration of phenolic compounds but 68–97% fatty acids, while WF and PP are rich in cellulose and lignin. In the Fenton-like reaction, oxygen-centered radicals of hydrochar played a significant role in activating H2O2 and efficiently degrading bisphenol A (BPA). Mechanisms of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in hydrochar/H2O2 system were proposed. EPFRs on hydrochar activate H2O2 via electron transfer, creating ·OH and 1O2, leading to BPA degradation. More importantly, the embedded EPFRs on the hydrochar's inner surface contributed to the prolonged Fenton-like reactivity of PPH-Fe stored for 45 days. This study demonstrates that by optimizing precursor selection and iron doping, hydrochars can be engineered to maximize their EPFRs content and reactivity, providing a cost-effective solution for the degradation of hazardous pollutants. Article Highlights: Characteristics and mechanisms for the generation and consumption of EPFRs were proposed. To favor g3-type EPFRs formation, the quantity of Fe(III) and aromatic compounds of the biomass should be matched. The g3-type EPFRs on hydrochars played a major role in the Fenton-like reaction. The external EPFRs of hydrochars were consumed easily while the internal EPFRs persisted during long-term storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract To reveal the influence of the diversity of precursors on the formation of environmental persistent free radicals (EPFRs), pomelo peel (PP) and its physically divided portion, pomelo cuticle (PC), and white fiber (WF) were used as precursors to prepare six hydrochars: PPH-Fe, PCH-Fe, WFH-Fe, PPH, PCH, and WFH with and without Fe(III) addition during hydrothermal carbonization (HTC). PPH-Fe and WFH-Fe had higher EPFRs content (9.11 × 1018 and 8.25 × 1018 spins·g−1) compared to PPH and WFH (3.33 × 1018 and 2.96 × 1018 spins·g−1), indicating that iron-doping favored EPFRs formation. However, PCH-Fe had lower EPFRs content (2.78 × 1018 spins·g−1) than PCH (7.95 × 1018 spins·g−1), possibly due to excessive iron leading to the consumption of the generated EPFRs. For another reason, the required Fe(III) amount for EPFRs formation might vary among different precursors. PC has a lower concentration of phenolic compounds but 68–97% fatty acids, while WF and PP are rich in cellulose and lignin. In the Fenton-like reaction, oxygen-centered radicals of hydrochar played a significant role in activating H2O2 and efficiently degrading bisphenol A (BPA). Mechanisms of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in hydrochar/H2O2 system were proposed. EPFRs on hydrochar activate H2O2 via electron transfer, creating ·OH and 1O2, leading to BPA degradation. More importantly, the embedded EPFRs on the hydrochar's inner surface contributed to the prolonged Fenton-like reactivity of PPH-Fe stored for 45 days. This study demonstrates that by optimizing precursor selection and iron doping, hydrochars can be engineered to maximize their EPFRs content and reactivity, providing a cost-effective solution for the degradation of hazardous pollutants. Graphical abstract

• The Fenton-like Cu-PAN 3 catalysts is first synthesized by co-precipitation and carbon thermal reduction method. • Dual reaction centers are constructed around graphene-like carbon and Cu species. • The pollutants as electron donors inhibit the ineffective decomposition of H 2 O 2 at the electron-poor centers. • The pollutant removal mainly relies on the surface cleavage at the electron-poor centers. High energy consumption has seriously hindered the development of Fenton-like reactions for the removal of refractory organic pollutants in water. To solve this problem, we designed a novel Fenton-like catalyst (Cu-PAN 3) by coprecipitation and carbon thermal reduction. The catalyst exhibits excellent Fenton-like catalytic activity and stability for the degradation of various pollutants with low H 2 O 2 consumption. The experimental results indicate that the dual reaction centers (DRCs) are composed of Cu-N-C and Cu-O-C bridges between copper and graphene-like carbon, which form electron-poor/rich centers on the catalyst surface. H 2 O 2 is mainly reduced at electron-rich Cu centers to free radicals for pollutant degradation. Meanwhile, pollutants can be oxidized by donating electrons to the electron-poor C centers of the catalyst, which inhibits the ineffective decomposition of H 2 O 2 at the electron-poor centers. This therefore significantly reduces the consumption of H 2 O 2 and reduces energy consumption. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Oxidative desulfurization (ODS) has emerged as a prominent technique for the removal of sulfur compounds from fuels, aiming to comply with stringent environmental regulations and minimize sulfur dioxide emissions. Herein, Fenton-like deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were synthesized as a catalyst and reaction medium and their application for the ODS process was investigated. The study encompassed the optimization of DES composition, reaction conditions, and the influence of different parameters on the desulfurization efficiency. The experimental findings demonstrated that the Fenton-like DES exhibited outstanding catalytic activity in the oxidative desulfurization of fuel. The optimized conditions involved conducting the reaction at room temperature for 2.5 h, using 200 mg of the prepared DES (HNFM-FeCl4) as both the extraction solvent and catalyst. An oxidant-to-sulfur (O/S) ratio of approximately 3:1 was maintained, with a 30 wt% H2O2 solution utilized as the oxidant. The analysis of the reaction products using GC–MS revealed a remarkable yield of 98% for dibenzothiophene sulfone. The DES provided a suitable medium for the reaction, enhancing the solubility and availability of sulfur compounds. The iron catalyst, in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, facilitated the oxidation of sulfur-containing compounds to their corresponding sulfones, which can be easily separated from the fuel phase. The DES catalysts exhibited stability and recyclability, making them suitable for practical applications in fuel desulfurization processes.

Defect‐enriched mesoporous CuO nanosheets (NSs) were constructed to investigate the cooperative photo‐Fenton and photothermal‐Fenton catalysis on degradation of fluoroquinolones (FQ) antibiotics. The oxygen vacancies provide abundant active sites to bind the substrates and inhibit charge recombination, by all means to enhance Fenton‐like activity. Two disparate spectral selective functions of photoexcitation and photothermal conversion were achieved on CuO NS, which to promote the Fenton activity synergistically. Visible light induced photoexcitation to facilitate the generation of Cu+ and ⋅OH, while near‐infrared light converted into heat to promote charge separation and accelerate medium transport. Ultimately, as a unitary catalyst system, the CuO NS integrated the Lewis acid catalysis, Fenton‐like catalysis and photothermal catalysis that rapidly and sustainably degraded antibiotics under near‐neutral conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • N -doped C-coated Cu0/NC3-600 catalyst was prepared by pyrolysis of modified Cu-MOF. • Cu0/NC3-600 can fulfill effective degradation of NOR in the range of pH 3–11. • At pH 9, the removal of 20 mg/L NOR by 1 g/L Cu0/NC3-600 reached 98.34 % after 60 min. • In Cu0/NC3-600/air system, •O 2 – is the main active specie in acidic conditions. • Cu3+ and •O 2 – act together under alkaline conditions to destroy NOR. The Fenton-like activated molecular oxygen technology demonstrates significant potential in the treatment of refractory organic pollutants in wastewater, offering promising development prospects. We prepared a N -doped C -coated copper-based catalyst Cu0/NC3-600 through the pyrolysis of Mel-modified Cu-based metal–organic framework (MOF). The results indicate that the degradation of 20 mg/L norfloxacin (NOR) was achieved using 1.0 g/L Cu0/NC3-600 across a wide pH range, with a removal rate exceeding 95 % and total organic carbon (TOC) removals approaching 70 % after 60 min at pH 5–11. The nitrogen doping enhances the electronic structure of the carbon material, facilitating the adsorption of molecular oxygen. Additionally, the formed carbon layer effectively prevent copper leaching,contributing to increased stability to a certain extent. Subsequently, we propose the catalytic reaction mechanism for the Cu0/NC/air system. Under acidic conditions, Cu0/NC3-600 activates molecular oxygen to produce the •O 2 –, which serves as the primary active species for NOR degradation. While in alkaline conditions, the high-valent copper species Cu3+ is generated in conjunction with •O 2 –, both working simultaneously for NOR degradation. Furthermore, based on the LC-MS results, we deduced four possible degradation pathways. This work offers a novel perspective on expanding the pH range of copper-based catalysts with excellent ability to activate molecular oxygen for environmental water treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A systematic procedure for the removal of color and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of an aqueous solutions comprising initial mixed binary azo reactive dyes (Corafix Red ME4B and Corazol Black BX), present in any proportions of initial concentrations, has been developed. It utilizes a Fenton-like advanced oxidation process (AOP) involving the activation of mixed binary oxidants as a pretreatment and a hybrid process, consisting of US cavitation and O3 based AOPs, as a post-treatment method. For the red dye, the optimum values of activator concentration, initial oxidant-ratio, initial oxidant-dosage, initial pH of initial H2O2 solution have been determined to be 100 g L−1, 3 wt% mM−1, 18:6 wt% mM−1, and 5 respectively; while, the US cavitation or O3 has been determined to be an optimum post-treatment. Similarly, for the black dye these optimum values and process are identified to be 100 g L−1, 3 wt% mM−1, 30:10 wt% mM−1, 3, and hybrid process respectively. The common optimum values of various parameters of pretreatment and a common optimum post-treatment method have been derived and experimentally demonstrated for the treatment of mixed binary dye solutions. The mechanisms responsible for decolorization and COD removal have been identified via hydroxyl and superoxide radical-trapping experiments [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Red mud (RM) is a typical bulk solid waste with Fe/Al/Si/Ca-rich characteristics that has been used to prepare various heterogeneous catalysts such as iron-based catalysts and supported catalysts. Prussian blue analogues (PBA) is a low-cost, environmentally friendly, and active site rich iron-based metal organic framework, but its catalytic properties are adversely affected by their easy aggregation. In this study, nickel-doped RM-based PBA (RM-Ni PBA) was synthesized by acid dissolution-coprecipitation method for the degradation of ciprofloxacin (CIP). The characterization showed that RM-Ni PBA was a material with excellent dispersibility, large specific surface area, and abundant active sites. The degradation results showed that the removal efficiency of CIP in the RM-Ni PBA/H2O2 system was 16.63, 1.78, and 1.81 times that of RM, RM-PB, and Ni PBA, respectively. It was found that 1O2 was the main reactive oxygen species (ROS) dominated the degradation process, and its formation was accompanied by the mutual conversion of Ni(II)/Fe(II) and Ni(III)/Fe(III). Notably, the degradation process maintained a satisfactory efficiency over a wide pH range (3–9) and exhibited strong anti-interference ability against impurities such as Cl−, SO42−, and NO3−. The components and contents of RM-Ni PBA remained relatively stable during the degradation process. In addition, the degradation intermediates of CIP were identified, and possible degradation pathways were proposed. This study is expected to provide theoretical basis and technical guidance for the application of RM-based heterogeneous catalyst in the treatment of antibiotic wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxidative desulfurization (ODS) has emerged as a prominent technique for the removal of sulfur compounds from fuels, aiming to comply with stringent environmental regulations and minimize sulfur dioxide emissions. Herein, Fenton-like deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were synthesized as a catalyst and reaction medium and their application for the ODS process was investigated. The study encompassed the optimization of DES composition, reaction conditions, and the influence of different parameters on the desulfurization efficiency. The experimental findings demonstrated that the Fenton-like DES exhibited outstanding catalytic activity in the oxidative desulfurization of fuel. The optimized conditions involved conducting the reaction at room temperature for 2.5 h, using 200 mg of the prepared DES (HNFM-FeCl4) as both the extraction solvent and catalyst. An oxidant-to-sulfur (O/S) ratio of approximately 3:1 was maintained, with a 30 wt% H2O2 solution utilized as the oxidant. The analysis of the reaction products using GC–MS revealed a remarkable yield of 98% for dibenzothiophene sulfone. The DES provided a suitable medium for the reaction, enhancing the solubility and availability of sulfur compounds. The iron catalyst, in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, facilitated the oxidation of sulfur-containing compounds to their corresponding sulfones, which can be easily separated from the fuel phase. The DES catalysts exhibited stability and recyclability, making them suitable for practical applications in fuel desulfurization processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Petroleum Research & Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, the mesoporous material NCNT was prepared by treating carbon nanotubes (CNT) with hydrazine and subsequently loaded with Cu-Fe layered double hydroxide (CuFeLDH) to create a multiphase catalyst (CuFeLDH-NCNT). Its application as a multiphase catalyst was investigated in an ultrasound-assisted Fenton process for ciprofloxacin (CIP) degradation in aqueous solution. In addition, the impacts of catalyst dosage, ultrasonic power, H2O2 dosage, and beginning pH on CIP removal efficiency were carefully evaluated to maximize the removal efficiency of CIP. The findings indicated that the elimination rate of the initial CIP concentration of 20 mg/L surpassed 94.66% after a mere 100 min, while the TOC degradation rate was 70.4%. The high removal rate was due to the synergistic action between the nanoparticles, H2O2, and ultrasonography. The degradation intermediates of CIP were examined, and putative degradation pathways and mechanisms were postulated. HIGHLIGHTS Preparation of CuFeLDH–NCNT material as an efficient catalyst for ultrasound-assisted Fenton-like reaction.; Enhanced catalytic performance of H2O2 by the synergistic effect of CuFeLDH–NCNT.; Effective degradation of CIP by CuFeLDH–NCNT/US/H2O2.; Good stability and reusability of CuFeLDH–NCNT, with a low metal leaching rate.;

Resource utilization of waste iron sludge from wastewater treatment plants can be achieved by leveraging iron sludge-based catalysts to construct Fenton-like systems. Notably，the pyrolysis temperature modulates the composition of metal and non-metal sites on the catalyst surface，thus affecting the activation of hydrogen peroxide（H2O2）. The catalysts prepared at different pyrolysis temperatures（400-700 ℃） were analyzed in terms of morphology，composition，structure and activity. It was found that the degradation efficiency of methylene blue（MB） could reach 92.0% within 100 min with the activation of H2O2 by the catalyst obtained at 700 °C. Additionally，the specific surface area and C content of the catalyst increased as the pyrolysis temperature increased from 400 ℃ to 700 ℃. The mechanistic investigation revealed that Fe0，C̿ C/C—C and C̿ O active sites on the catalyst surface were critical for the activation of H2O2，which facilitated MB degradation. Moreover，hydroxyl radicals（·OH） and singlet oxygen（1O2） were the dominant active species in the iron sludge-derived catalyst/H2O2 system，with superoxide radicals（O2·-） playing a minor role.

Environmentally friendly catalysts have come to the forefront due to the cost of chemically produced catalysts and the formation of by-products harmful to the environment. Millions of tons of plant waste are produced every year, some of which is disposed directly. In this study, tomato stem hydrochar (TSCH) was produced from waste tomato stems by the hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC) method, and its use as a catalyst was investigated. The optimisation of Cr(VI) removal from water was carried out using a Fenton-like process with a TSCH catalyst and resulted in 100% of Cr(VI) removal efficiency at 10 mg/L of Cr(VI) concentration, pH 2.00, 0.2 g/L of TSCH catalyst, 10 µL/L of H2O2 and 60 minutes of reaction time. Fenton-like thermodynamic and kinetic data were analyzed, and the results were found to comply with the second-order in Cr(VI) removal. The reusability of the TSCH catalyst in Cr(VI) removal was investigated and it was emphasized that it was reusable for more than 5 uses. In conclusion, TSCH, which is an environmentally friendly, inexpensive and effective catalyst for Cr(VI) treatment in a Fenton-like process, can be used as an alternative catalyst for wastewater treatment in terms of both waste management and economic and environmentally friendly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A novel microscale zero-valent iron/ N -doped graphene-like biochar composite (mZVI/NGB) was successfully synthesized via a mechanochemical method. • mZVI/NGB exhibited significantly enhanced H 2 O 2 generation. • mZVI/NGB forms a self-sustaining catalytic system, with mZVI serve as electron pool and NGB as catalyst for H 2 O 2 generation. • mZVI/NGB exhibited excellent reusability and can be magnetically collected. In this study, we prepared a micron zero-valent iron/ N -doped graphene-like biochar (mZVI/NGB) composite using a mechanochemical method for tetracycline (TC) degradation through O 2 activation. The mZVI and NGB components formed a strong coupling catalytic system, with mZVI acting as an electron pool and NGB as a catalyst for H 2 O 2 generation. Under circumneutral pH (5.0–6.8), the mZVI/NGB composite exhibited exceptional TC removal efficiency, reaching nearly 100 % under optimal conditions. It also showed good tolerance to co-existing anions, such as Cl-, SO 4 2-, and humic acid. Further studies found that the TC degradation mechanism was mainly ascribed to the non-radical pathway (1O 2 and electron transfer), and the Fe2+/Fe3+ redox cycle on the composite's surface also played a crucial role in maintaining catalytic activity. This research contributes to the development of advanced materials for sustainable and effective water treatment, addressing pharmaceutical pollutant contamination in water sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The heterogeneous solar-Fenton process is an ecological and promising strategy for removing hazardous pollutants in aqueous media. Therefore, this study aimed to prepare and characterize a heterogeneous solid iron catalyst supported by zeolite Y to degrade tartrazine yellow (TY) food coloring under natural sunlight. The catalyst was produced by wet ion exchange and characterized by several techniques. The catalyst efficiency was evaluated through the degradation of the TY dye in a batch mode with the evaluation of some of the main operational parameters. The presence of iron in zeolite Y was confirmed by XRD, TEM, and EDX techniques and by reducing specific area and pore volume after ion exchange. The FTIR proved the occurrence of an ion exchange process. The oxidative system formed by the Fe-Y catalyst and natural sunlight was highly efficient, with the removal of approximately 98% in 120 min under the experimental conditions: [TY]0 = 10 mg L−1, [H2O2]0 = 200 g L−1, Dosage of Y-Fe = 1.5 g L−1 and pH = 3.0. It was possible to recover the catalyst and use it in five reuse cycles, showing the stability and application potential in heterogeneous solar-Fenton systems with sunlight. The toxicity reduction was evaluated through the COD and TOC parameters and ecotoxicological tests against the bioindicators Artemia salina and Lactuca sativa, showing the efficiency of the proposed process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnesium spinel ferrite (MgFe2O4) and cerium-doped magnesium spinel ferrite (MgFe2-xCexO4) (x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.1) were synthesized using an inexpensive coprecipitation method. The investigation focused on the influence of cerium on the physicochemical properties and the photocatalytic activity of this material under sunlight irradiation. The various characterization techniques, including X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM-EDX), the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method, and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), were used to determine the structural, morphological, and magnetic properties of the prepared samples. The increase in cerium percentage was found to better agglomerate the sheet-like morphology formed in the pure spinel and increase the average crystallite size, with a decrease in the magnetic properties. The optical band gap measured by UV–visible spectroscopy decreased from 2.21 eV, 2.21 eV, and 2.36 eV, accompanied by a change in the specific surface area of 47.23 m2/g, 57.86 m2/g, and 47.25 m2/g for MgFe2O4, MgFe1.95Ce0.05O4, and MgFe1.90Ce0.1O4, respectively. The maximum photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under sunlight irradiation was achieved for the MgFe1.95Ce0.05O4 (58.35%) in the absence of hydrogen peroxide, and the maximum degradation for Fenton-like processes was achieved in the presence of MgFe1.90Ce0.1O4 (91.05%) within 180 min. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Industrial Water Treatment is the property of CNOOC Tianjin Chemical Research & Design Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

$\cdot {\rm OH}$ ⋅ O H The wet denitrification technology has a good development prospect due to its simple system and mild reaction conditions, and related research has become a hot topic in the field of flue gas purification. In this work, a novel simultaneous removal technology of NO from flue gas using Fe2+/Cu2+-catalytic H2O2/(NH4)2S2O8 system was developed for the first time. The feasibility of this new flue gas cleaning technology was explored through a series of experiments and performance analyses. The mechanism of oxidation products, free radicals and simultaneous removal of NO was revealed. The effects of the main process parameters on the removal of NO were investigated. Relevant results demonstrated that the removal efficiency of NO was elevated when the concentration of (NH4)2S2O8 or reacting temperature increased, while it was decreased after increasing the raising of Fe2+, Cu2+ and H2O2 concentrations. The main radicals were and· ${\rm SO}_4^-$ S O 4 − , using the electron spin resonance technique in the solution, and played a very important role in NO removal. The main products were carried out by ion chromatography and elemental N material accountancy, and the results showed that it was sulfate and nitrate in the solution, which provided theoretical guidance for the subsequent treatment and resource utilization of the absorption solution. The results of the study provided a theoretical basis for the industrial application of wet denitrification. Highlights A new green process of NO removal by a wet process with Fe2+/Cu2+ activated (NH4)2S2O8 system is proposed in this paper; Elimination mechanisms and paths of NO are elucidated; The synergistic role produced by Cu2+ and Fe2+ is beneficial to the purification of NO; The synergistic role produced by (NH4)2S2O8 and H2O2 increased the concentration of free radicals in the solution; This process jointly considers the enhanced removal of NO and recycling of transition metal ions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The studies on the origin of versatile oxidation pathways toward targeted pollutants in the single-atom catalysts (SACs)/peroxymonosulfate (PMS) systems were always associated with the coordination structures rather than the perspective of pollutant characteristics, and the analysis of mechanism commonality is lacking. In this work, a variety of single-atom catalysts (M-SACs, M: Fe, Co, and Cu) were fabricated via a pyrolysis process using lignin as the complexation agent and substrate precursor. Sixteen kinds of commonly detected pollutants in various references were selected, and their lnkobs values in M-SACs/PMS systems correlated well (R² = 0.832 to 0.883) with their electrophilic indexes (reflecting the electron accepting/donating ability of the pollutants) as well as the energy gap (R² = 0.801 to 0.840) between the pollutants and M-SACs/PMS complexes. Both the electron transfer process (ETP) and radical pathways can be significantly enhanced in the M-SACs/PMS systems, while radical oxidation was overwhelmed by the ETP oxidation toward the pollutants with lower electrophilic indexes. In contrast, pollutants with higher electrophilic indexes represented the weaker electron-donatingcapacity to the M-SACs/PMS complexes, which resulted in the weaker ETP oxidation accompanied with noticeable radical oxidation. In addition, the ETP oxidation in different M-SACs/PMS systems can be regulated via the energy gaps between the M-SACs/PMS complexes and pollutants. As a result, the Fenton-like activities in the M-SACs/PMS systems could be well modulated by the reaction pathways, which were determined by both electrophilic indexes of pollutants and single-atom sites. This work provided a strategy to establish PMS-based AOP systems with tunable oxidation capacities and pathways for high-efficiency organic decontamination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A composite of manganese sulfide doped iron oxychloride (MnS-FeOCl) was successfully synthesized for the first time and applied to activate H2O2 to degrade isoniazid under different pH values. The MnS-FeOCl structure was characterized by various analytical methods such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, indicating manganese sulfide (MnS) doping greatly changed the physicochemical property of FeOCl. The Fenton-like reaction showed that MnS doping could enhance the Fenton activity of FeOCl in the pH range of 6-9, and 5% MnS-FeOCl composite had the highest activity. Isoniazid (20 mg/L) could be degraded by 89.90% in 5 min at an initial pH of 6.0 by 5% MnS-FeOCl/H2O2. However, the high performance of 5% MnS-FeOCl composite was at the cost of decrease of its stability. The result of XRD analysis indicated that the crystallinity of 5% MnS-FeOCl was poorer than that of pristine FeOCl, thus leading to its decreased stability. It is of great significance for the further study on the modification of FeOCl catalyst in Fenton-like reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sulfur (S)-doped α-Fe2O3 has been regarded as an excellent catalyst for eliminating organic pollutants in the photo-Fenton-like reaction. Yet, the synthetic complexity and extremely low activity in the dark Fenton-like reaction still need to be solved. In this study, magnetic α-Fe2O3 with sulfide was successfully fabricated via hydrothermal and calcination processes, for the first time, where thiourea acted as both S source and reducing agent, and then, it was applied for activating peroxydisulfate (PDS) to degrade organic contaminants. Important influencing factors were systemically investigated, and the results showed that this catalyst activating PDS was highly effective in the removal of organic pollutants in dark- and photo-Fenton-like reactions. In addition, the catalyst possessed good stability and recyclable ability. The structure of catalyst was analyzed by several characterizations, such as XRD and XPS. The results revealed that sulfide had an important effect on the structure and performance of α-Fe2O3. The detected mechanism indicated that the main reactive oxygen species were altered after switching from darkness to LED illumination. This work offered a promising method to rationally design for S/α-Fe2O3 in the environmental remediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Co(OH)F nanorods have been synthesized from the reactions of Co(NO3)2, hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) and NH4F via the hydrothermal method. The structures and morphologies of as-prepared sample are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectrum (UV-DRS) and Raman. The photo-assisted Fenton-like activity of Co(OH)F nanorods was investigated by the degradation of tetracycline (TC) under visible light irradiation. The results show that the catalyst of Co(OH)F nanorods has good photocatalytic activity and stability. Radical scavengers and electron paramagnetic resonance spectra were employed to evaluate the capability to produce ·O2− and ·OH active species upon visible light illumination. The characterization and experimental results revealed that Co(OH)F nanorods may promote the decomposition of H2O2, thus improving photo-assisted Fenton-like reaction activity for degradation TC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The combination of semiconductors and transition metal compounds for Fenton‐like application has been widely reported. However, there are still some problems that can be further studied such as the optimization of metal species and in‐depth research of mechanism. In this paper, using melamine and copper acetate as raw materials, a kind of composite of copper oxide and graphitic carbon nitride (CuO/g‐C3N4) is synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method. The synthetic conditions such as type of transition metal salt and ratio of raw material are further optimized. With the presence of H2O2, the CuO/g‐C3N4 composite shows exceptional broad‐spectrum Fenton‐like catalytic performance against the organic dyes in aqueous solution within a wide pH range, and the highest degradation rate of organic dyes can reach 99% within 10 min. After eight times of recycling, the catalytic activity of the composite can still remain more than 85%. More importantly, the CuO/g‐C3N4 composite presented excellent anti‐interference ability toward heavy metal ions and complex pollutants. Finally, the enhanced Fenton‐like catalytic mechanism is illustrated in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Constructing Fe-Cu bimetal catalysts is an efficient strategy to promote Fe(III)/Fe(II) cycle, whereas there is still a long way to go before fully understanding the role of the Cu in the catalysts. Herein, a new Fe-MOF namely BUC-96(Fe) was fabricated from FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O, 4,4′-bipyridine (bpy) and 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid (H 4 dhtp) by both hydrothermal reaction and microwave-assisted method. Also, bimetal BUC-96(FeCu-x) were obtained when the CuSO 4 was added into the system identical to the synthesis process of BUC-96(Fe). Series BUC-96 MOFs showed good organics elimination performance via Fenton-like process, where 88.1% (k = 0.0672 min−1) of chloroquine phosphate (CQ, 20 mg/L) was decomposed over pristine BUC-96(Fe) within 30 min. Interestingly, nearly 100% CQ was degraded over BUC-96(FeCu-5) as catalyst under the identical conditions within 5 min, whose reaction rate (1.3527 min−1) was 20.1-fold higher than that of BUC-96. Additionally, BUC-96(FeCu-5) exhibited excellent Fenton-like oxidation degradation performance for 10 selected emerging organic pollutants. The reaction mechanism was studied in detail by experiments, and density functional theory (DFT) calculation. The results revealed that the introduced Cu not only accelerated Fe(III)/Fe(II) cycles, hydroxyl radical (·OH) generation, electron transfer, but also lowered H 2 O 2 dissociated energy barrier. This work advanced the bimetal MOFs construction and application in wastewater treatment via Fenton-like process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The thorny problem of adsorption is the disposing of spent adsorbent. In this manuscript, the exhaust adsorbent of efficient capture Cu(II) over ZSM-5 that supported zero-valent iron (nZVI) was reused as a catalyst for eliminating Rhodamine B (RhB). Batch experiments were used to evaluate the removal performance of Cu2+ and RhB. The results demonstrated that the Cu2+ adsorption process obeyed pseudo-second-order kinetics, and the adsorption performance was dependent on solution pH. The maximum adsorption capacity at the optimal pH 4.0 was 375.9 mg/g; equilibrium was reached rapidly within 35 min. From XPS, the reduction-oxidation between Fe0 and Cu2+ was occurred in the adsorption process, and Fe2+, Fe3+, and Cu0 was formed. In the recycling experiments, RhB was removed by the spent Cu adsorbent, with the removal performance being dependent on the initial Cu concentration, in the order of 5 mg/L > 20 mg/L > 0 mg/L > 100 mg/L > 500 mg/L. RhB removal also improved with increasing H2O2 concentration. More than 99.9% of the RhB was degraded within 8 min using 1.75 mM H2O2, which was a large improvement over the previously used catalyst. The hydroxyl radical was found to be the main free radical responsible for RhB degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] The mutual transformation of reactive oxygen species may affect the structural transformation of catalysts during the Fenton-like processes. Its in-depth understanding is essential to achieve high catalytic activity and stability. In this study, a novel design of Cu(I) active sites based on the metal–organic framework (MOF) is proposed to "capture" OH− produced via Fenton-like processes and re-coordinate the oxidized Cu sites. The Cu(I)-MOF presents an excellent removal efficiency for sulfamethoxazole (SMX), with a high removal kinetic constant of 7.146 min−1. Combing DFT calculations with experimental observations, we have revealed that the Cu of Cu(I)-MOF exhibits a lower d-band center, enabling efficient activation of H 2 O 2 and spontaneous "capturing" of OH− to form Cu-MOF, which can be reorganized into the Cu(I)-MOF through molecular regulation for recycle. This research demonstrates a promising Fenton-like approach for solving the trade-off between catalytic activity and stability and provides new insights into the design and synthesis of efficient MOF-based catalysts for water treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The removal of antibiotics from wastewater to prevent their environmental accumulation is significant for human health and ecosystems. Herein, iron (Fe)-atom-doped anatase TiO2 nanofibers (Fe-TNs) were manufactured for the photocatalytic Fenton-like decomposition of tylosin (TYL) under LED illumination. Compared with the pristine TiO2 nanofibers (TNs), the optimized Fe-TNs exhibited improved visible-light-driven photocatalytic Fenton-like activity with a TYL degradation efficiency of 98.5% within 4 h. The effective TYL degradation could be attributed to the expanded optical light absorption and accelerated separation and migration of photogenerated electrons and holes after the introduction of Fe. The photogenerated electrons were highly conducive to the generation of active SO4•− radicals as they facilitated Fe(III)/Fe(II) cycles, and to oxidizing TYL. Moreover, the holes could be involved in TYL degradation. Thus, a significant enhancement in TYL degradation could be achieved. This research verifies the use of iron-doped anatase nanofibers as an effective method to synthesize novel photocatalytic Fenton-like catalysts through surface engineering for wastewater remediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Selecting L-ascorbic acid(AA) as the reducing material, the goethite(α-FeOOH) catalytic material was prepared by precipitation method, which was used as a Fenton-like catalyst to degrade the dye Rhodamine B(RhB)・ The effects of different removal systems and factors on the degradation of RhB were investigated, and the reuse of α-FeOOH catalyst was explored. The results show that the α-Fe00H/H202/A A system has α-FeOOH dosage of 1・ 2 g/L, H2O2 concentration of 10 mmol/L, and AA concentration of 4 mmol/L, RhB concentration of 20 mg/L, pH 5. 5 for 60 min, the degradation rate of RhB reached 95・ 55% ・ The degradation rate of 76 ・ 62% for RhB after being used for 5 times and the degradation process conformed to the pseudo-first-order kinetic modeL The maximum reaction rate constant wa5 0. 045 9 min \ The results of quenching experiment and ESR detection showed that * O2, * OH and102 were reactive oxygen species produced in the reaction system, and • O2 played a major role in the degradation of RhB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing a highly efficient Fenton-like catalyst working in a wide pH range is imperative to accomplish its practical wastewater treatment. Herein, FeS2/FeSxOy catalyst was synthesized by hydrothermal-solvothermal vulcanization with thioacetamide as a sulfur source. Characterization results confirmed FeS2/FeSxOy consisted of pyrite, kornelite, and szomolnokite. FeS2/FeSxOy exhibited superior catalytic activity toward H2O2 activation with more than 96% phenol removal within 5 min in pH 3.0 ∼ 8.0 at 30°C. Radical scavenging experiment and EPR analysis revealed both hydroxyl radicals (·OH) and superoxide anion radicals (O2·-) anticipated in phenol elimination, but ·OH played a dominant role. The detailed degradation experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculation confirmed the vital role of FeS2 in enhancing phenol abatement. This study not only developed a highly active catalyst for H2O2 activation but also theoretically analyzed the FeS2 function in depth, which provided a guide for designing a highly efficient Fenton-like catalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There have been many studies on the degradation of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) by the Fenton-like method, but the narrow acid-base (pH) range, poor degradation effect, and time-consuming of the Fenton-like method limit its development. Therefore, to improve the shortcomings of the Fenton-like method, the study aimed to synthesize copper-manganese bimetal oxide loaded catalysts (MnCuO@γ-Al2O3) through the impregnation calcination method, and its potential to activate hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for the degradation of PVA was evaluated. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) characterizations revealed the chemical composition, structure and morphology of the prepared MnCuO@γ-Al2O3, furthermore the synergistic mechanism was proposed. Results indicated that copper and manganese could successfully attach to γ-Al2O3 and reduce the specific surface area of γ-Al2O3, promoting the transformation of multivalent metals and the generation of oxygen vacancies. In addition, comparative experiments demonstrated that the PVA removal efficiency was significantly improved at the catalyst calcination temperature of 500 °C, reaction temperature of 70 °C, H2O2 dosage of 125 mL · L - 1 , and catalyst dosage of 625 mg · L - 1 and more than 96% of PVA was removed within 20 min in neutral conditions. Lastly, four catalyst cycle degradation experiments of PVA were carried out, and the degradation effect could reach more than 96% in a certain time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica is the property of Acta Materiea Compositae Sinica Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A novel manganese dioxide–hydrogen peroxide (MnO2–H2O2) system was developed for effective Arsenic (As) removal. Under the specified conditions of no external mechanical stirring, a trace H2O2 concentration of 0.015 wt%, and a MnO2 concentration of 25 mg/L, high removal efficiency (88%) of As (100 µg/L) was achieved by the MnO2–H2O2 system within 30 min, which differs from conventional adsorption processes that require external mechanical stirring and conventional arsenite (As (III)) oxidation–adsorption processes that require high quantities of oxidants (such as ozone) and specially synthesized adsorbents/catalysts. The high removal efficiency of As (III) by the MnO2–H2O2 system was attributed to the turbulent conditions precipitated by the extensively generated oxygen (O2) from the catalytic decomposition of H2O2, the efficient adsorption of As on the surface of MnO2, and the effective generation of reactive radicals including hydroxyl and superoxide radicals (•OH and •O2−). Moreover, the MnO2 adsorbents before and after As removal were characterized systematically, and the generated radicals were verified using electron spin resonance (ESR). The results showed that the formation of inner-sphere surface complexes by the surface hydroxyl groups of MnO2 particles and As was responsible for the effective As adsorption process, and the oxidation of As (III) to arsenate (As (V)) was achieved via the generated radicals. The influences of representative environmental factors on As removal performance and the application of the MnO2–H2O2 system in river water and ground water were further studied and tested. In conclusion, the MnO2–H2O2 system offers several advantages, including low cost, ease of operation, and strong environmental adaptability, making it highly promising for practical water treatment applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) contamination in large quantities of wastewater can cause potential environmental problems. Due to difficulty in degrading SMX by natural processes, it is necessary to develop a novel technology to solve this problem. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have been identified as methods with a high potential to treat recalcitrant organic pollutants. The nanoscale schwertmannite (nano-SWT) was prepared with an indoor-temperature synthesis method facilitated by polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). In this study, we performed a reaction of the nano-SWT materials with Fenton-like catalysts for SMX degradation in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) media. The findings showed that the nano-SWT prepared by addition of 0.1 g·L−1 PVP (nano-SWT-n, n = 0.1) could degrade 92.5% of the SMX within 90 min at indoor temperature, which was due to the nano-SWT providing abundant reaction sites at the solid/solution interfaces. Additionally, SMX could be highly mineralized with 75% TOC removal and H2O2 was efficiently utilized during the nano-SWT/H2O2 process. In addition, after six cycles of Fenton-like degradation, the nano-SWT remained stable and reusable as a Fenton-like catalyst for SMX degradation. The nano-SWT performed well as a catalyst for SMX degradation. Additionally, this work provides a feasible environmental purification approach for the efficient degradation of SMX through the use of nanoscale schwertmannite as a catalyst in heterogeneous Fenton-like systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adsorption and photocatalytic decolourisation of AR14 in aqueous solution was investigated using α-Fe2O3, α-Fe2O3/S and α-Fe2O3/CdS in dark and under UV irradiation, respectively. The synthesis of alpha iron oxide nanoparticles and combining heteroatoms in its matrix were performed by a simple co-precipitation method. Samples were characterised by XRD, Raman and pHPZC. The dye adsorption on the catalysts' surfaces showed a strong dependence on the pH, and the adsorption played the main role in the photocatalytic reaction in acidic medium. The pseudo first order kinetic model was found to be the best fit for the adsorption of AR14 by the three catalysts (R2 > 0.99) and is in good agreement with a chemisorption mechanism. The plot of intra-particle diffusion model showed a three-stage adsorption process which suggests that more than one process affects the AR14 adsorption. α-Fe2O3/S and α-Fe2O3/CdS nanoparticles had significant enhancement on the decolourisation of AR14 compared to the bulk material. A rate removal of 78%, 94% and 98% of the AR14 was recorded at pH = 3 under UV irradiation for α-Fe2O3, α-Fe2O3/S and α-Fe2O3/CdS respectively. The decolourisation was strongly enhanced in the presence of H2O2 leading to Fenton-like process. Added H2O2 competes with AR14 for the powder surface sites and reduces its adsorption on the catalysts' surfaces. The addition of propanol-2 as a radical scavenger confirms that •OH radicals are the main species responsible for the decolourisation of AR14 inα-Fe2O3/H2O2 system. Fenton-like process provides more selective oxidation for AR14 that have a higher affinity for the iron oxide surface and also for the modified iron oxide surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Guangxi Normal University - Natural Science Edition is the property of Gai Kan Bian Wei Hui and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Immobilization of photocatalysts on supported materials is the key to achieving the efficiency and stability for wastewater treatment. However, developing high dispersion photocatalysts with high stability and durability is still a great challenge in practical application. Hence, this work reports a facile synthesis for inorganic–organic compound semiconductor nanomaterials using natural cotton substrates and in situ mineralization of β-FeOOH nanorods. In this strategy, abundant hydroxyl groups on cotton fibers as an intermediate bridge anchor Fe3+ for mineralization of β-FeOOH nanorods, forming strong coordination complexes. This resultant fabric, labeled as Cot-FeOOH, has been shown that the mineralized β-FeOOH nanorods covered the cotton fabric perfectly. The Cot-FeOOH displayed efficient photocatalytic activity for antibiotics and dye under visible light irradiation in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Moreover, the stability and durability of Cot-FeOOH were evaluated by multiple recycles and laundering durability tests, demonstrating the satisfactory performance of stability and durability. Our study offers a simple and easy strategy to decorate conventional cotton for versatile applications in environmental remediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Excessive consumption of energy and resources is a major challenge in wastewater treatment. Here, a novel heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst consisting of Cu-doped graphene-like catalysts (Cu-GCD NSs) was first synthesized by an enhanced carbothermal reduction of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). The catalyst exhibits excellent Fenton-like catalytic activity for the degradation of various pollutants under neutral conditions, accompanied by low H 2 O 2 consumption. The results of structural characterization and theoretical calculations confirmed that the dual reaction centers (DRCs) were constructed on Cu-GCD NSs surface through C-O-Cu bonds supported on zero-valent copper species, which play a significant role in the high-performance Fenton-like reaction. The pollutants that served as electron donors were decomposed in the electron-poor carbon centers, whereas H 2 O 2 and dissolved oxygen obtained these electrons in the electron-rich Cu centers through C-O-Cu bonds, thereby producing more active species. This study demonstrates that the electrons of pollutants can be efficiently utilized in Fenton-like reactions by DRCs on the catalyst surface, which provides an effective strategy to improve Fenton-like reactivity and reduce H 2 O 2 consumption. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

FeOCl was successfully synthesized by partial pyrolysis method and used as catalyst in Fenton-like reaction. The catalytic activity and stability of FeOCl at different initial pH were evaluated in degradation of isoniazid (INH). The experimental results showed that the pH of the solution had an important effect on the catalytic activity and stability of FeOCl. The point of zero charge (pH PZC) of FeOCl was measured to be 1.75. Adding FeOCl could change pH (before addition of FeOCl) of the solution from 3.0, 6.0, 9.0–3.0, 3.9 and 4.4, respectively, being conducive to Fenton-like reaction. The removal rates of INH by FeOCl/H 2 O 2 system at initial pH 3.0, 6.0, 9.0 were 94.48%, 92.45%, 42.32%, respectively. However, degradation efficiency was rapidly degenerative at initial pH 3.0 and 9.0 in stability test. By means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), it was found that the rapid inactivation of FeOCl at initial pH 3.0 was caused by crystal structure transformation of FeOCl into FeOOH and the dissolved Fe, but at initial pH 9.0 was owing to the weakened pH regulation ability of the used FeOCl (only from 9.0 to 6.6). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chemistry & Industry of Forest Products is the property of Chemistry & Industry of Forest Products Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Display omitted] Coexistence of radical and nonradical reaction pathways during advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) makes it challenging to obtain flexible regulation of high efficiency and selectivity for the requirement of diverse degradation. Herein, a series of Fe 3 O 4 /MoO x S y samples coupling peroxymonosulfate (PMS) systems enabled the switching of radical and nonradical pathways through the inclusion of defects and adjustment of Mo4+/Mo6+ ratios. The silicon cladding operation introduced defects by disrupting the original lattice of Fe 3 O 4 and MoO x S. Meanwhile, the abundance of defective electrons increased the amount of Mo4+ on the catalyst surface, promoting PMS decomposition with a maximum k value up to 1.530 min−1 and a maximum free radical contribution of 81.33%. The Mo4+/Mo6+ ratio in the catalyst was similarly altered by different Fe contents, and Mo6+ contributed to the production of 1O 2 , allowing the whole system to attain a nonradical species–dominated (68.26%) pathway. The radical species-dominated system has a high chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate for actual wastewater treatment. Conversely, the nonradical species-dominated system can considerably improve the biodegradability of wastewater (biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)/COD = 0.997). The tunable hybrid reaction pathways will expand the targeted applications of AOPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One-dimensional (1D) nanostructures have attracted considerable attention in the field of environmental purification and energy conversion. In this paper, 1D FeV3O8 nanorods with 100 nm diameter and about 1 μm length were synthesized via a facile benign route without any surfactants. The crystal structure morphology and chemical composition of the samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, and UV–vis and Raman spectroscopy. According to the results, the monoclinic phase of FeV3O8 nanorods is a narrow band gap of 2.38 eV (HOMO, 0.81 eV; LUMO, −1.57 eV). The as-prepared FeV3O8 nanorod has a large specific surface area of 20.006 m2 g–1. It could degrade 100% of Rhodamine B (RhB, 25 mg L–1) and 99% of Methylene blue (MB, 20 mg L–1) within 25 min and still can achieve 98% after four catalytic cycles, which is far better than a commercial TiO2 catalyst (P25). A nucleation–nanoparticle–nanoflower–nanorod growth mechanism (4N mechanism) for the FeV3O8 nanocrystals was proposed. Moreover, on the basis of the radical quenching and electron paramagnetic resonance tests, a possible photo-Fenton degradation mechanism was proposed. •OH was found to be the best active species during the degradation reactions. Results from this work show that the FeV3O8 catalyst exhibited an excellent photocatalytic performance and durability toward the degradation of multiple organic pollutants in a neutral system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fenton-like is one of the most popular research topics in sewage treatment technology. This paper summarizes six kinds of reaction strengthening methods of goethite catalyst on heterogeneous Fenton, and sorts out the properties, characteristics and doping strengthening methods of goethite, and expounds the research status of different catalytic methods and strengthening types in sewage treatment. Finally, the existing problems and technical characteristics of the methods are analyzed, and the suggestions for their future development are put forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]