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4. Hazards assessment of micro- and nanoplastics and associated additives/contaminants to human health

Author

Katsumiti, Alberto, Rodríguez-Llopis, Isabel, Boland, S, Devineau, S, Miremont, D, Ramsperger, A.F.R.M, Löder, MGJ, Laforsch, C, Drobne, D, Michelini, S, Repar, N, Hoekstra, L, Duivenvoorde, L, van der Zande, M, Tamargo, A, Di Maira, G, Tedesco, E, Benetti, F, Antonello, G, Fenoglio, I, Riganti, C, Bergamaschi, E, Jacobsen, N.R, Kazour, M, Peijnenburg, W, Kühnel, D, Haugen, Ø. P, Wallin, H, Narui, S, and Afanou, A.J.K

Subjects
hazard assessment, microplastics, exposure, toxicity, human health, nanoplastics, plastic particles
Abstract

Summary of objectives, test materials, target systems,strategies, and expected outcomes of Work Package 3 of the PlasticsFatE Project PlasticsFatE has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme, under the Grant Agreement number 965367

Published
2022
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5. Nano- and microplastics: a comprehensive review on their exposure routes, translocation, and fate in humans

Author

Ramsperger, A.F.R.M., Bergamaschi, E., Panizzolo, M., Fenoglio, I., Barbero, F., Peters, R., Undas, A., Purker, S., Giese, B., Lalyer, C.R., Tamargo, A., Moreno-Arribas, M.V., Grossart, H.-P., Kühnel, Dana, Dietrich, J., Paulsen, F., Afanou, A.K., Zienolddiny-Narui, S., Eriksen Hammer, S., Kringlen Ervik, T., Graff, P., Brinchmann, B.C., Nordby, K.-C., Wallin, H., Nassi, M., Benetti, F., Zanella, M., Brehm, J., Kress, H., Löder, M.G.J., Laforsch, C., Ramsperger, A.F.R.M., Bergamaschi, E., Panizzolo, M., Fenoglio, I., Barbero, F., Peters, R., Undas, A., Purker, S., Giese, B., Lalyer, C.R., Tamargo, A., Moreno-Arribas, M.V., Grossart, H.-P., Kühnel, Dana, Dietrich, J., Paulsen, F., Afanou, A.K., Zienolddiny-Narui, S., Eriksen Hammer, S., Kringlen Ervik, T., Graff, P., Brinchmann, B.C., Nordby, K.-C., Wallin, H., Nassi, M., Benetti, F., Zanella, M., Brehm, J., Kress, H., Löder, M.G.J., and Laforsch, C.

Abstract

Contamination of the environment with nano-and microplastic particles (NMPs) and its putative adverse effects on organisms, ecosystems, and human health is gaining increasing scientific and public attention. Various studies show that NMPs occur abundantly within the environment, leading to a high likelihood of human exposure to NMPs. Here, different exposure scenarios can occur. The most notable exposure routes of NMPs into the human body are via the airways and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) through inhalation or ingestion, but also via the skin due to the use of personal care products (PCPs) containing NMPs. Once NMPs have entered the human body, it is possible that they are translocated from the exposed organ to other body compartments. In our review article, we combine the current knowledge on the (1) exposure routes of NMPs to humans with the basic understanding of the potential (2) translocation mechanisms into human tissues and, consequently, their (3) fate within the human body. Regarding the (1) exposure routes, we reviewed the current knowledge on the occurrence of NMPs in food, beverages, personal care products and the air (focusing on indoors and workplaces) and found that the studies suggest an abundant presence of MPs within the exposure scenarios. The overall abundance of MPs in exposure matrices relevant to humans highlights the importance of understanding whether NMPs have the potential for tissue translocation. Therefore, we describe the current knowledge on the potential (2) translocation pathways of NMPs from the skin, GIT and respiratory systems to other body compartments. Here, particular attention was paid to how likely NMPs can translocate from the primary exposed organs to secondary organs due to naturally occurring defence mechanisms against tissue translocation. Based on the current understanding, we conclude that a dermal translocation of NMPs is rather unlikely. In contrast, small MPs and NPs can generally translocate from the GIT and resp

Published
2022

12. Abstract

Author

Andries, L. J., Sys, S. U., Meulemans, A. L., Schuurkes, J. A. J., Vanheel, B., Van de Voorde, J., De Smet, P., Li, J., Van Driessche, W., Flamion, B., Foulon, S., Abramow, M., Calders, P., Eechaute, W., Lacroix, E., Weyne, I., Hoeben, D., Burvenich, C., Fransen, P., Andries, L. J., Van Bedaf, D., Demolder, M., Sys, S. U., Ouedraogo, R., Lebrun, P., Herchuelz, A., Antoine, M. -H., Vandenput, S., Votion, D., Anciaux, N., Duvivier, D. H., Art, T., Lekeux, P., Votion, D., Ghafir, Y., Vandenput, S., Art, T., Lekeux, P., Geurts, M., Hermans, E., Maloteaux, J. -M., Perrad, B., Noel, B., Lagache, F., Bister, J. L., Paquay, R., Bister, J. L., Derycke, G., Vandermeir, M. A., Paquay, R., de Brouwer, S., Porret, C. -A., Stergiopulos, N., Meister, J. -J., Verbeke, M., Van de Voorde, J., Lameire, N., De Clerck, N. M., De Schuytter, J., Tytgato, J., Buyse, G., Eggermont, J., Droogmans, G., Nilius, B., Daenens, P., Salomone, S., Feron, O., Dessy, C., Morel, N., Godfraind, T., Aloisi, A. M., Sacerdote, P., Lodi, L., Carli, G., Carobi, C., Garinei, G., Miniaci, U. C., Scotto, P., Sabatino, M., Sardo, P., Iurato, L., La Grutta, V., Bagni, M. A., Cecchi, G., Cecchini, E., Colomo, F., Garzella, P., Bottinelli, R., Harridge, S. D. H., Canepari, M., Reggiani, C., Reggiani, Saltin, Bambagioni, D., Fanò, G., Menchetti, G,, Danieli-Betto, P., Esposito, A., Betto, R., Megighian, A., Midrio, M., Betto, D. Danieli, Esposito, A., Megighian, A., Midrio, M., Orizio, C., Liberati, D., Locatelli, C., De Grandis, D., Veicsteinas, A., Angoli, D., Delia, D., Wanke, E., Bramucci, M., Miano, A., Quassinti, L., Maccari, E., Murri, O., Amici, D., Cibelli, G., Jüngling, S., Schoch, S., Gerdest, H. H., Thiel, G., Demori, I., Bottazzi, C., Voci, A., Fugassa, E., Barreca, A., Minuto, F., Gallo, G., Fulle, S., Belia, S., Menchetti, G., Cacchio, M., Fanò, G., Gastaldi, G., Laforenza, U., Ferrari, G., Rindi, G., Doni, M. G., Padoin, E., Residori, O., Cesaro, M., Toma, L., Rubini, A., Mutinelli, F, Paulesu, L., Romagnolie, R., Cintorino, M., Pippia, P., Meloni, M. A., Sciola, L., Spano, A., Cogoli-Greuter, M., Cogoli, A., Sardini, A., Mintenig, G. M., Valverde, M. A., Sepùlveda, F. V., Gill, D. R., Hyde, S. C., Higgins, C. F., McNaughton, P. A., Spena, A., Arcuri, M. T., Bonofiglio, S., Chimenti, R., Covello, C., De Cicco, T., Mazzulla, S., Martino, G., Tottene, A., Moretti, A., Pietrobon, D., Baccari, M. C., Calamai, F., Staderini, G., Cova, E., Marelli, R., Sommi, P., Ventura, U., Lombardi, A. M., Fabris, R., Pagano, C., Federspil, G., Vettor, R., Mancinelli, R., Tonali, P., Servidei, S., Romani, R., Tringali, A., Azzena, G. B., Mulè, F., Serio, R., Postorino, A., Pagano, C., Rizzato, M., Granzotto, M., Lombardi, A. M., Fabris, R., Vettor, R., Federspil, G., Sommi, P., Ricci, V., Romano, M., Ivey, K. J., Ventura, U., Vacca, G., Papillo, B., Mary, D. A. S. G., Battaglia, A., Grossini, E., Vacca, G., Papillo, B., Battaglia, A., Grossini, E., Accili, E. A., Redaelli, G., DiFrancesco, D., Antoniotti, S., Distasi, C., Lovisolo, D., Munaron, L., Bertaso, F., Assandri, R., Mazzanti, M., Bianchi, L., Arcangeli, A., Faravelli, L., Becchetti, A., Coronello, M., Mini, E., Francini, F., Olivotto, M., Wanke, E., Bigiani, A., Kim, D. -J., Roper, S. D., Carabelli, V., Lovallo, M., Magnelli, V., Zucker, H., Carbone, E., D’Angelo, E., Rossi, P., De Filippi, G., Taglietti, V., Faravelli, L., Bianchi, L., Arcangeli, A., Francini, F., Olivotto, M., Wanke, E., Francini, F., Bencini, C., Squecco, R., Guatteo, E., Bacci, A., Franceschetti, S., Avanzini, G., Wanke, E., Magnelli, V., Carbone, E., Mazzanti, M., Assandri, R., Ferroni, A., DiFrancesco, D., Navangione, A., Vellani, V., Rispoli, G., Peres, A., Centinaio, E., Giovannardi, S., Russo, G., Marcotti, W., Prigioni, I., Trequattrini, C., Harper, A. A., Petris, A., Franciolini, F., Zaza, A., Micheletti, M., Brioschi, A., Antonutto, G., Capelli, C., Girardis, M., Zamparo, P., di Prampero, P. E., Antonutto, G., Girardis, M., Tuniz, D., di Prampero, P. E., Filippi, G. M., Troiani, D., Grassi, B., Poole, D. C., Richardson, R. S., Knight, D. R., Erickson, B. K., Wagner, P. D., Aimi, B., Stilli, D., Gallo, P., Sgoifo, A., Lagrasta, C., Olivetti, G., Reali, N., Casti, A., Musso, E., Alloatti, G., Penna, C., Gallo, M. P., Levi, R. C., Fenoglio, I., Appendino, G., Gallo, P., Sgoifo, A., Medici, D., Aimi, B., Manghi, M., Stilli, D., Musso, E., Sgoifo, A., Pasini, E., Gallo, P., Aimi, B., Stilli, D., Ceconi, C., Musso, E., Baldissera, F., Cavallari, P., Locatelli, M., Bartesaghi, R., Gessi, T., Benfenati, F., Valtorta, F., Onofri, F., Poo, M., Greengard, P., Biagini, G., Sala, D., Viani§, P., Kozlov, A. V., Zini, I., Bravin, M., Tempia, F., Strata, P., Brescia, G., Di Benedetto, C., Corsi, P., Cangiano, G., Buttiglione, M., Ambrosini, M., Gennarini, G., Casadio, A., Levi, R. C., Montarolo, P. G., Cesare, P., Stoughton, R., McNaughton, P. A., D’Arcangelo, G., Dodt, H. U., Brancati, A., Zieglgänsberger, W., Errico, P., Ferraresi, A., Barmack, N. H., Pettorossi, V. E., Gasparini, S., D’Ambrosio, R., Janigro, D., DiFrancesco, D., Gritti, I., Marintti, M., Calcaterra, R., Freddi, R., Mancia, M., Imeri, I., Bianchi, S., Mancia, M., Lui, F., Gregory, K. M., Blanks, R. H. I., Giolli, R. A., Benassi, C., Corazza, R., Magherini, P. C., Bardoni, R., Belluzzi, O., Mancinelli, R., Manni, E., Azzena, G. B., Tringali, A., Romani, R., Diana, M., Fratta, W., Manzoni, D., Andre, P., Pompeiano, O., Mazzocchio, R., Rossi, A., Melis, F., Kitura, A., Caria, M. A., Asanuma, H., Melone, M, De Biasi, S, Minelli, A, Conti, F, Minelli, A, Karschin, C, DeBiasi, S, Brecha, N C, Conti, F, Monda, M., Amaro, S., Sullo, A., De Luca, B., Monda, M., Amaro, S., Sullo, A., De Luca, B., Pantò, M. R., Cicirata, F., Parenti, R., Serapide, M. F., Parenti, R., Wassef, M., Cicirata, F., Podda, M. V., Solinas, A., Chessa, G., Deriu, F., Mameli, O., Tolu, E., Pompeiano, O., Andre, P., Manzoni, D., Porro, C. A., Francescato, M. P., Cettolo, V., Diamond, M. E., Baraldi, P., Bazzocchi, M., Rivosecchi, R., Konnerth, A., Rossi, M. L., Martini, M., Pelucchi, B., Fesce, R., Santarelli, L., Schacher, S., Montarolo, P. G., Santarelli, R., Grassi, C., Valente, A., Nisticò, S., Bagetta, G., Azzena, G. B., Scuri, Rossana, Garcia-Gil, Mercedes, Mozzachiodi, Riccardo, Brunelli, Marcello, Stefani, G., Onofri, F., Vaccaro, P., Nielander, H. B., Benfenati, F., Tancredi, V., D’Antuono, M., Siniscalchi, A., Brancati, A., Avoli, M., Vellani, V., Navangione, A., Rispoli, G., Verzè, L., Buffo, A., Rossi, F., Oestreicher, A. B., Gispen, W. H., Strata, P., Zamboni, G., Amici, R., Jones, C. A., Perez, E., Domeniconi, R., Parmeggiani, P. L., Zoli, Michele, Le Novàre, Nicolas, Changeux, Jean -Pierre, Lafortuna, C. L., Reinach, E., Saibene, F., Scotto, P., Zocchi, L., Agostoni, E., and Cremaschi, D.

Published
1996
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20. Role of Nanostructure and Adsorbed Organic Compounds on Radical Activity of Flame Formed Soot

Author

Alfe M., Stanzione F., Carella E., Ghiazza M., Tomatis M., Fenoglio I., and Ciajolo A.

Subjects
radical, lcsh:Computer engineering. Computer hardware, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, esr spectroscopy, lcsh:TP155-156, lcsh:TK7885-7895, lcsh:Chemical engineering, complex mixtures, soot, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS
Abstract

Combustion-derived soot is a polydispersion of carbon-based molecules/particles ranging from a molecular scale length to a particle scale length (1-100 nm). It is considered responsible of respiratory and heart disease (Kumfer et al., 2009), and its mechanisms of action is related to the composition and structure, in turn mainly depending on the fuel and temperature environment in which soot is generated. Soot particles present a structural variability at a mesoscopic scale (size, geometry, nanostructure, primary particle diameter) that can be responsible of a different lung deposition degree and particle translocation behaviour. The toxic effects of inhaled dusts are believed to be mainly driven by oxidative stress which is the result of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (i.e. hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical) either generated directly by the particles/molecules or by cells in response to the particle exposure (Donaldson et al., 2005). This work aims to gain insights about the radical activity measured by electron spin resonance of soot generated from different fuels, namely benzene and ethylene, in relation to the specific local chemistry and nanostructural features as inferred by FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy. This study was performed on soot washed by solvent in order to eliminate light PAH (< 300u) adsorbed on soot surface with the aim to study the specific soot activity independently from the well known role of PAH. Copyright © 2010 AIDIC servizi S.r.l.

Published
2010

24. Structural defects play a major role in the acute lung toxicity of multiwall carbon nanotubes: toxicological aspects

Author

Muller, Julie, Huaux, François, Fonseca, A, Nagy, J., Delos, M, Raymundo-Pinero, E., Beguin, F, Volders, Micheline, Fenoglio, I., Fubini, B, Lison, Dominique, and Cell Genetics

Subjects
NANOMATERIALS, SURFACE-PROPERTIES, inflammation, Macrophages, PARTICLES, cytotoxicity, EPITHELIAL-CELLS, IN-VITRO, PULMONARY, RESPONSES
Abstract

Experimental studies indicate that carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have the potential to induce adverse pulmonary effects, including alveolitis, fibrosis, and genotoxicity in epithelial cells. Here, we explored the physicochemical determinants of these toxic responses with progressively and selectively modified CNTs: ground multiwall CNTs modified by heating at 600 degrees C (loss of oxygenated carbon functionalities and reduction of oxidized metals) or at 2400 degrees C (annealing of structural defects and elimination of metals) and by grinding the material that had been heated at 2400 degrees C before (introduction of structural defects in a metal-deprived framework). The CNTs were administered intratracheally (2 mg/rat) to Wistar rats to evaluate the short-term response (3 days) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (LDH, proteins, cellular infiltration, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha). The long-term (60 days) lung response was assessed biochemically by measuring the lung hydroxyproline content and histologically. In vitro experiments were also performed on rat lung epithelial cells to assess the genotoxic potential of the modified CNTs with the cytokinesis block micronucleus assay. The results show that the acute pulmonary toxicity and the genotoxicity of CNT were reduced upon heating but restored upon grinding, indicating that the intrinsic toxicity of CNT is mainly mediated by the presence of defective sites in their carbon framework.

Published
2008

28. Multiple approach to test nano TiO2 photo-activity

Author

Ortelli, S., primary, Blosi, M., additional, Delpivo, C., additional, Gardini, D., additional, Dondi, M., additional, Gualandi, I., additional, Tonelli, D., additional, Aina, V., additional, Fenoglio, I., additional, Gandhi, Abbasi A., additional, Tofail, Syed A.M., additional, and Costa, A.L., additional

Published
2014
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29. Soil fungal hyphae bind and attack asbestos fibres

Author

Martino E., Prandi L., Fenoglio I., Bonfante P., Perotto S., and Fubini B.

Abstract

Surface iron is considered to play a crucial role in asbestos carcinogenicity. Iron in asbestos promotes generation of free radicals, with consequent DNA damage, leading to mutations and cancer. Removal of iron from asbestos could thus result in a decrement in their carcinogenic potential. Iron being an essential element, several soil microorganisms produce iron-chelators able to uptake it from insoluble forms. Contacted with crocidolite (blue asbestos), some soil fungi produced metal-chelators and extracted iron from the fibers. After this treatment, the ability of the fibers to generate free radicals in aqueous suspensions was totally suppressed. Novel proteins were induced in fungi as a response to asbestos fibres, including the antioxidant Mn-superoxide dismutase, also expressed by mammalian cells challenged with asbestos. In liquid mycelial cultures the fibrils were cleared from the suspension and tightly bound to the fungal hyphae. By binding and depriving the fibrils of iron, selected species/strains of soil fungi might play a major role in the bioremediation of asbestos contaminated soils.

Published
2003

48. Role of Iron and Surface Free Radical Activity of Silica in the Induction of Morphological Transformation of Syrian Hamster Embryo Cells.

Author

ELIAS, Z., POIROT, O., DANIÈRE, M. C., TERZETTI, F., BÉNA, F., FENOGLIO, I., and FUBINI, B.

Subjects
REACTIVE oxygen species, CELL transformation, ANTIOXIDANTS, SUPEROXIDE dismutase, OXIDATIVE stress
Abstract

Using various surface modified silica dusts we previously showed that the samples able to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced transformation of Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cells. The purpose of the present study was to determine in what measure trace iron on the surface of silica particles is involved in the cellular effects, through the formation of ROS. Min-U-Sil 5 quartz (Q) and an amorphous diatomite earth (DE), as well as the same samples pretreated with the Fe chelators ferrozine (fz, 3 mM) and desferrioxamine (dfx, 0.1 mM), were studied for: (i) morphological transformation; and (ii) aberrant mitotic division of SHE cells, which we reported as one of the possible mechanisms of silica-induced cell transformation. In order to determine the nature of the ROS involved in these effects, the antioxidants superoxide dismutase, catalase and mannitol were added to the treated cells. On a per weight basis, DE appeared more cytotoxic and slightly more transforming than Q. The suspensions of Q and DE preincubated in Fe chelators were significantly less transforming and, in particular Q particles, had reduced potency in inducing abnormal mitoses than the untreated samples. Although the amount of Fe mobilized from the silica particles by dfx was greater than that of Fe(II) mobilized by fz, a decrease in transforming potency was largely achieved after pretreatment of particles with fz. In the presence of antioxidants, both the transformation and mitotic aberration frequencies were significantly decreased. The results show that the iron associated with the surface of particles is implicated in the generation of ROS and is partly responsible for the transforming potency of silicas. This study confirms the role of free radical activity in the induction of cell transformation in vitro, suggesting that oxidative stress is one of the mechanisms of silica carcinogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2002
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49. Ascorbic Acid Modifies the Surface of Asbestos:  Possible Implications in the Molecular Mechanisms of Toxicity

Author

Martra, G., Tomatis, M., Fenoglio, I., Coluccia, S., and Fubini, B.

Abstract

Ascorbic acid is one of the major components of the antioxidants defenses of the lung lining layer where inhaled asbestos fibers are deposited. Crocidolite fibers were incubated at 37 °C in a 0.01 M aqueous solution of ascorbic acid for 25 days in order to investigate modifications in surface reactivity. Iron (820 nmol/mg) and monomeric silica (470 nmol/mg) were released in the supernatant, while ascorbic acid was consumed. The amount of iron and silicon released, respectively, 17 and 6% (in atoms) of the total fiber content, exceeded what was expected at the surface, suggesting a partial disgregation of crocidolite promoted by ascorbic acid. In the absence of ascorbic acid but at the same pH, the release of iron and monomeric silica was minimal. At time intervals, aliquots of fibers were withdrawn to evidence chemical modifications progressively taking place. Three families of Fe(II) centers, differing in coordinative unsaturation and progressively removed during incubation, have been evidenced from the FTIR spectra of NO adsorbed onto the fibers. The most uncoordinated ones are removed first. New highly uncoordinated iron sites are exposed at the fiber surface as a consequence of the erosion of the outmost layers while hydration of silica tetrahedra yields new silanol groups. The activity in the Fenton-like reaction (•OH from H2O2) decreases following surface iron depauperation. Conversely, the homolytic cleavage of the C−H bond (CO2•- from the formate ion) appears related to the small fraction of iron ions always present but easily quenched by the adsorption of ascorbic acid or its oxidation products.

Published
2003

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