117 results on '"Fennessy J"'
Search Results
2. Combining species distribution models and moderate resolution satellite information to guide conservation programs for reticulated giraffe.
- Author
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Crego, R. D., Fennessy, J., Brown, M. B., Connette, G., Stacy‐Dawes, J., Masiaine, S., and Stabach, J. A.
- Subjects
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SPECIES distribution , *WILDLIFE reintroduction , *SYNTHETIC aperture radar , *ENDANGERED species , *GIRAFFES , *WILDLIFE conservation , *WEB-based user interfaces - Abstract
The conservation of threatened and rare species in remote areas often presents two challenges: there may be unknown populations that have not yet been documented and there is a need to identify suitable habitat to translocate individuals and help populations recover. This is the case of the reticulated giraffe (Giraffa reticulata), a species of high conservation priority for which: (a) there may be unknown populations in remote areas, and (b) detailed maps of suitable habitat available within its range are lacking. We implemented a species distribution modeling (SDM) workflow in Google Earth Engine, combining GPS telemetry data of 31 reticulated giraffe with Landsat 8 OLI, Advanced Land Observing Satellite Phased Arrayed L‐band Synthetic Aperture Radar, and surface ruggedness layers to predict suitable habitat at 30‐m spatial resolution across the potential range of the species. Models had high predictive power, with a mean AUC‐PR of 0.88 (SD: 0.02; range: 0.86–0.91), mean sensitivity of 0.85 (SD: 0.04; range: 0.80–0.91), and mean precision was 0.81 (SD: 0.02; range: 0.79–0.83). Model predictions were also consistent with two independent validation datasets, with higher predicted suitable habitat values at known occurrence locations than at a random set of locations (P < 0.01). Our model predicted a total of 5519 km2 of potentially suitable habitat in Kenya, 963 km2 in Ethiopia, and 147 km2 in Somalia. Our results indicate that is possible to combine moderate spatial resolution imagery with telemetry data to guide conservation programs of threatened terrestrial species. We provide a free web app where managers can visualize and interact with the 30 m resolution map to help guide future surveys to search for existing populations and to inform future reintroduction assessments. We present all analysis code as a framework that could be adapted for other species across the globe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Behavioral responses of terrestrial mammals to COVID-19 lockdowns
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Tucker, M., Schipper, A., Adams, T., Attias, N., Avgar, T., Babic, N., Barker, K., Bastille-Rousseau, G., Behr, D., Belant, J., Beyer Jr, D., Blaum, N., Blount, D., Bockmühl, D., Pires Boulhosa, R. L., Brown, M., Buuveibaatar, B., Cagnacci, F., (0000-0003-0575-6408) Calabrese, J., Černe, R., Chamaillé-Jammes, S., Chan, A. N., Chase, M., Chaval, Y., Chenaux-Ibrahim, Y., Cherry, S., Ćirović, D., Çoban, E., Cole, E., Conlee, L., Courtemanch, A., Cozzi, G., Davidson, S., Debloois, D., Dejid, N., Denicola, V., Desbiez, A., Douglas-Hamilton, I., Drake, D., Egan, M., Eikelboom, J., Fagan, W., Farmer, M., Fennessy, J., Finnegan, S., Fleming, C., Fournier, B., Fowler, N., Gantchoff, M., Garnier, A., Gehr, B., Geremia, C., Goheen, J., Hauptfleisch, M., Hebblewhite, M., Heim, M., Hertel, A., Heurich, M., Hewison, M., Hodson, J., Hoffman, N., Hopcraft, G., Huber, D., Isaac, E., Janik, K., Ježek, M., Johansson, Ö., Jordan, N., Kaczensky, P., Kamaru, D., Kauffman, M., Kautz, T., Kays, R., Kelly, A., Kindberg, J., Krofel, M., Kusak, J., Lamb, C., Lasharr, T., Leimgruber, P., Leitner, H., Lierz, M., Linnell, J., Lkhagvaja, P., Long, R., López-Bao, J., Loretto, M.-C., Marchand, P., Martin, H., Martinez, L., Mcbride Jr, R., Mclaren, A., Meisingset, E., Melzheimer, J., Merrill, E., Middleton, A., Monteith, K., Moore, S., Moorter, B. V., Morellet, N., Morrison, T., Müller, R., Mysterud, A., Noonan, M., O’Connor, D., Olson, D., Olson, K., Ortega, A., Ossi, F., Panzacchi, M., Patchett, R., Patterson, B., Paula, R. C. D., Payne, J., Peters, W., Petroelje, T., Pitcher, B., Pokorny, B., Poole, K., Potočnik, H., Poulin, M.-P., Pringle, R., Prins, H., Ranc, N., Reljić, S., Robb, B., Röder, R., Rolandsen, C., Rutz, C., Salemgareyev, A., Samelius, G., Sayine-Crawford, H., Schooler, S., Şekercioğlu, Ç., Selva, N., Semenzato, P., Sergiel, A., Sharma, K., Shawler, A., Signer, J., Silovský, V., Silva, J., Simon, R., Smiley, R., Smith, D., Solberg, E., Soto, D., Spiegel, O., Stabach, J., Stacy-Dawes, J., Stahler, D., Stephenson, J., Stewart, C., Strand, O., Sunde, P., Svoboda, N., Swart, J., Thompson, J., Toal, K., Uiseb, K., Vanacker, M., Velilla, M., Verzuh, T., Wachter, B., Wagler, B., Whittington, J., Wikelski, M., Wilmers, C., Wittemyer, G., Young, J., Zięba, F., Zwijacz-Kozica, T., Huijbregts, M., Mueller, T., Tucker, M., Schipper, A., Adams, T., Attias, N., Avgar, T., Babic, N., Barker, K., Bastille-Rousseau, G., Behr, D., Belant, J., Beyer Jr, D., Blaum, N., Blount, D., Bockmühl, D., Pires Boulhosa, R. L., Brown, M., Buuveibaatar, B., Cagnacci, F., (0000-0003-0575-6408) Calabrese, J., Černe, R., Chamaillé-Jammes, S., Chan, A. N., Chase, M., Chaval, Y., Chenaux-Ibrahim, Y., Cherry, S., Ćirović, D., Çoban, E., Cole, E., Conlee, L., Courtemanch, A., Cozzi, G., Davidson, S., Debloois, D., Dejid, N., Denicola, V., Desbiez, A., Douglas-Hamilton, I., Drake, D., Egan, M., Eikelboom, J., Fagan, W., Farmer, M., Fennessy, J., Finnegan, S., Fleming, C., Fournier, B., Fowler, N., Gantchoff, M., Garnier, A., Gehr, B., Geremia, C., Goheen, J., Hauptfleisch, M., Hebblewhite, M., Heim, M., Hertel, A., Heurich, M., Hewison, M., Hodson, J., Hoffman, N., Hopcraft, G., Huber, D., Isaac, E., Janik, K., Ježek, M., Johansson, Ö., Jordan, N., Kaczensky, P., Kamaru, D., Kauffman, M., Kautz, T., Kays, R., Kelly, A., Kindberg, J., Krofel, M., Kusak, J., Lamb, C., Lasharr, T., Leimgruber, P., Leitner, H., Lierz, M., Linnell, J., Lkhagvaja, P., Long, R., López-Bao, J., Loretto, M.-C., Marchand, P., Martin, H., Martinez, L., Mcbride Jr, R., Mclaren, A., Meisingset, E., Melzheimer, J., Merrill, E., Middleton, A., Monteith, K., Moore, S., Moorter, B. V., Morellet, N., Morrison, T., Müller, R., Mysterud, A., Noonan, M., O’Connor, D., Olson, D., Olson, K., Ortega, A., Ossi, F., Panzacchi, M., Patchett, R., Patterson, B., Paula, R. C. D., Payne, J., Peters, W., Petroelje, T., Pitcher, B., Pokorny, B., Poole, K., Potočnik, H., Poulin, M.-P., Pringle, R., Prins, H., Ranc, N., Reljić, S., Robb, B., Röder, R., Rolandsen, C., Rutz, C., Salemgareyev, A., Samelius, G., Sayine-Crawford, H., Schooler, S., Şekercioğlu, Ç., Selva, N., Semenzato, P., Sergiel, A., Sharma, K., Shawler, A., Signer, J., Silovský, V., Silva, J., Simon, R., Smiley, R., Smith, D., Solberg, E., Soto, D., Spiegel, O., Stabach, J., Stacy-Dawes, J., Stahler, D., Stephenson, J., Stewart, C., Strand, O., Sunde, P., Svoboda, N., Swart, J., Thompson, J., Toal, K., Uiseb, K., Vanacker, M., Velilla, M., Verzuh, T., Wachter, B., Wagler, B., Whittington, J., Wikelski, M., Wilmers, C., Wittemyer, G., Young, J., Zięba, F., Zwijacz-Kozica, T., Huijbregts, M., and Mueller, T.
- Abstract
COVID-19 lockdowns in early 2020 reduced human mobility, providing an opportunity to disentangle its effects on animals from those of landscape modifications. Using GPS data, we compared movements and road avoidance of 2300 terrestrial mammals (43 species) during the lockdowns to the same period in 2019. Individual responses were variable with no change in average movements or road avoidance behavior, likely due to variable lockdown conditions. However, under strict lockdowns 10-day 95th percentile displacements increased by 73%, suggesting increased landscape permeability. Animals’ 1-hour 95th percentile displacements declined by 12% and animals were 36% closer to roads in areas of high human footprint, indicating reduced avoidance during lockdowns. Overall, lockdowns rapidly altered some spatial behaviors, highlighting variable but substantial impacts of human mobility on wildlife worldwide.
- Published
- 2023
4. The search behavior of terrestrial mammals
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Noonan, M. J., (0000-0003-2765-8147) Martinez Garcia, R., Fleming, C. H., Garcia De Figueiredo, B., Ali, A. H., Attias, N., Belant, J. L., Beyer Jr., D. E., Berteaux, D., Bidner, L. R., Boone, R., Boutin, S., Brito, J., Brown, M., Carter, A., Castellanos, A., Castellanos, F. X., Chitwood, C., Darlington, S., Antonio De La Torre, J., Dekker, J., Deperno, C., Droghini, A., Farhadinia, M., Fennessy, J., Fichtel, C., Ford, A., Gill, R., Goheen, J. R., Gustavo R. Oliveira-Santos, L., Hebblewhite, M., Hodges, K. E., Isbell, L. A., Janssen, R., Kappeler, P., Kays, R., Kaczensky, P., Kauffman, M., Lapoint, S., Alan Lashley, M., Leimgruber, P., Little, A., Macdonald, D. W., Masiaine, S., T. McBride Jr., R., Patricia Medici, E., Mertes, K., Moorman, C., Morato, R. G., Mourão, G., Mueller, T., Neilson, E. W., Pastorini, J., Patterson, B. D., Pereira, J., Petroelje, T. R., Piecora, K., John Power, R., Rachlow, J., Ranglack, D. H., Roshier, D., Safford, K., Scott, D. M., Serrouya, R., Songer, M., Songsasen, N., Stabach, J., Stacy-Dawes, J., Swingen, M. B., Thompson, J., Tucker, M. A., Velilla, M., Yarnell, R. W., Young, J., Fagan, W. F., (0000-0003-0575-6408) Calabrese, J., Noonan, M. J., (0000-0003-2765-8147) Martinez Garcia, R., Fleming, C. H., Garcia De Figueiredo, B., Ali, A. H., Attias, N., Belant, J. L., Beyer Jr., D. E., Berteaux, D., Bidner, L. R., Boone, R., Boutin, S., Brito, J., Brown, M., Carter, A., Castellanos, A., Castellanos, F. X., Chitwood, C., Darlington, S., Antonio De La Torre, J., Dekker, J., Deperno, C., Droghini, A., Farhadinia, M., Fennessy, J., Fichtel, C., Ford, A., Gill, R., Goheen, J. R., Gustavo R. Oliveira-Santos, L., Hebblewhite, M., Hodges, K. E., Isbell, L. A., Janssen, R., Kappeler, P., Kays, R., Kaczensky, P., Kauffman, M., Lapoint, S., Alan Lashley, M., Leimgruber, P., Little, A., Macdonald, D. W., Masiaine, S., T. McBride Jr., R., Patricia Medici, E., Mertes, K., Moorman, C., Morato, R. G., Mourão, G., Mueller, T., Neilson, E. W., Pastorini, J., Patterson, B. D., Pereira, J., Petroelje, T. R., Piecora, K., John Power, R., Rachlow, J., Ranglack, D. H., Roshier, D., Safford, K., Scott, D. M., Serrouya, R., Songer, M., Songsasen, N., Stabach, J., Stacy-Dawes, J., Swingen, M. B., Thompson, J., Tucker, M. A., Velilla, M., Yarnell, R. W., Young, J., Fagan, W. F., and (0000-0003-0575-6408) Calabrese, J.
- Abstract
Animals moving through landscapes need to strike a balance between finding sufficient resources to grow and reproduce while minimizing encounters with predators 1,2. Because encounter rates are determined by the average distance over which directed motion persists 1,3–5, this trade-off should be apparent in individuals’ movement. Using GPS data from 1,396 individuals across 62 species of terrestrial mammals, we show how predators maintained directed motion ~7 times longer than for similarly-sized prey, revealing how prey species must trade off search efficiency against predator encounter rates. Individual search strategies were also modulated by resource abundance, with prey species forced to risk higher predator encounter rates when resources were scarce. These findings highlight the interplay between encounter rates and resource availability in shaping broad patterns mammalian movement strategies.
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- 2023
5. Evaluating expert-based habitat suitability information of terrestrial mammals with GPS-tracking data
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Broekman, M.J.E., Hilbers, J.P., Huijbregts, M.A.J., Mueller, T., Ali, A.H., Andren, H., Altmann, J., Aronsson, M., Attias, N., Bartlam-Brooks, H.L.A., van Beest, F.M., Belant, J.L., Beyer, D.E., Bidner, L., Blaum, N., Boone, R.B., Boyce, M.S., Brown, M.B., Cagnacci, F., Cerne, R., Chamaille-Jammes, S., Dejid, N., Dekker, J., Desbiez, A.L.J., Diaz-Munoz, S.L., Fennessy, J., Fichtel, C., Fischer, C., Fisher, J.T., Fischhoff, I, Ford, A.T., Fryxell, J.M., Gehr, B., Goheen, J.R., Hauptfleisch, M., Hewison, A.J.M., Hering, R., Heurich, M., Isbell, L.A., Janssen, R., Jeltsch, F., Kaczensky, P., Kappeler, P.M., Krofel, M., LaPoint, S., Latham, A.D.M., Linnell, J.D.C., Markham, A.C., Mattisson, J., Medici, E.P., de Miranda Mourao, G., Van Moorter, B., Morato, R.G., Morellet, N., Mysterud, A., Ndambuki, S., Odden, J., Olson, K.A., Ornicans, A., Pagon, N., Panzacchi, M., Persson, J., Petroelje, T., Rolandsen, C.M., Roshier, D., Rubenstein, D.I., Said, S., Salemgareyev, A.R., Sawyer, H., Schmidt, N.M., Selva, N., Sergiel, A., Stabach, J., Stacy-Dawes, J., Stewart, F.E.C., Stiegler, J., Strand, O., Sundaresan, S., Svoboda, N.J., Ullmann, W., Voigt, U., Wall, J., Wikelski, M., Wilmers, C.C., Zieba, F., Zwijacz-Kozica, T., Schipper, A.M., Tucker, M.A., Broekman, M.J.E., Hilbers, J.P., Huijbregts, M.A.J., Mueller, T., Ali, A.H., Andren, H., Altmann, J., Aronsson, M., Attias, N., Bartlam-Brooks, H.L.A., van Beest, F.M., Belant, J.L., Beyer, D.E., Bidner, L., Blaum, N., Boone, R.B., Boyce, M.S., Brown, M.B., Cagnacci, F., Cerne, R., Chamaille-Jammes, S., Dejid, N., Dekker, J., Desbiez, A.L.J., Diaz-Munoz, S.L., Fennessy, J., Fichtel, C., Fischer, C., Fisher, J.T., Fischhoff, I, Ford, A.T., Fryxell, J.M., Gehr, B., Goheen, J.R., Hauptfleisch, M., Hewison, A.J.M., Hering, R., Heurich, M., Isbell, L.A., Janssen, R., Jeltsch, F., Kaczensky, P., Kappeler, P.M., Krofel, M., LaPoint, S., Latham, A.D.M., Linnell, J.D.C., Markham, A.C., Mattisson, J., Medici, E.P., de Miranda Mourao, G., Van Moorter, B., Morato, R.G., Morellet, N., Mysterud, A., Ndambuki, S., Odden, J., Olson, K.A., Ornicans, A., Pagon, N., Panzacchi, M., Persson, J., Petroelje, T., Rolandsen, C.M., Roshier, D., Rubenstein, D.I., Said, S., Salemgareyev, A.R., Sawyer, H., Schmidt, N.M., Selva, N., Sergiel, A., Stabach, J., Stacy-Dawes, J., Stewart, F.E.C., Stiegler, J., Strand, O., Sundaresan, S., Svoboda, N.J., Ullmann, W., Voigt, U., Wall, J., Wikelski, M., Wilmers, C.C., Zieba, F., Zwijacz-Kozica, T., Schipper, A.M., and Tucker, M.A.
- Abstract
17 juni 2022, Contains fulltext : 252380.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access), In our paper "Evaluating expert-based habitat suitability information of terrestrial mammals with GPS-tracking data" (Global Ecology and Biogeography) we use GPS tracking data from 1,498 from 49 different species to evaluate the expert-based habitat suitability data from the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Therefore, we used the GPS tracking data to estimate two measures of habitat suitability for each individual animal and habitat type: proportional habitat use (proportion of GPS locations within a habitat type), and selection ratio (habitat use relative to its availability). For each individual we then evaluated whether the GPS-based habitat suitability measures were in agreement with the IUCN data. To that end, we calculated the probability that the ranking of empirical habitat suitability measures was in agreement with IUCN’s classification into suitable, marginal and unsuitable habitat types. Our results showed that IUCN habitat suitability data were in accordance with the GPS data (>95% probability of agreement) for 33 out of 49 species based on proportional habitat use estimates and for 25 out of 49 species based on selection ratios. In addition, 37 and 34 species had a >50% probability of agreement based on proportional habitat use and selection ratios, respectively. These findings indicate that for the majority of species included in this study, it is appropriate to use IUCN habitat suitability data in macroecological studies. Furthermore, our study shows that GPS tracking data can be used to identify and prioritize species and habitat types for re-evaluation of IUCN habitat suitability data. In this dataset we provide the measures of habitat suitability for each individual and each habitat type, calculated using different methods. In addition, we provide data on the body mass and IUCN Red List category of the species, as well as whether the species can be considered a habitat specialist or habitat generalist.
- Published
- 2022
6. The 1975 Vienna Convention on the Representation of States in Their Relations with International Organizations of a Universal Character
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Fennessy, J. G.
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- 1976
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Camera settings and biome influence the accuracy of citizen science approaches to camera trap image classification
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Egna, N., O'Connor, D., Stacy-Dawes, J., Tobler, M.W., Pilfold, N., Neilson, K., Simmons, B., Davis, E.O., Bowler, M., Fennessy, J., Glikman, J.A., Larpei, L., Lekalgitele, J., Lekupanai, R., Lekushan, J., Lemingani, L., Lemirgishan, J., Lenaipa, D., Lenyakopiro, J., Lesipiti, R.L., Lororua, M., Muneza, A., Rabhayo, S., Ole Ranah, S.M., Ruppert, K., Owen, M., Egna, N., O'Connor, D., Stacy-Dawes, J., Tobler, M.W., Pilfold, N., Neilson, K., Simmons, B., Davis, E.O., Bowler, M., Fennessy, J., Glikman, J.A., Larpei, L., Lekalgitele, J., Lekupanai, R., Lekushan, J., Lemingani, L., Lemirgishan, J., Lenaipa, D., Lenyakopiro, J., Lesipiti, R.L., Lororua, M., Muneza, A., Rabhayo, S., Ole Ranah, S.M., Ruppert, K., and Owen, M.
- Abstract
Scientists are increasingly using volunteer efforts of citizen scientists to classify images captured by motion-activated trail cameras. The rising popularity of citizen science reflects its potential to engage the public in conservation science and accelerate processing of the large volume of images generated by trail cameras. While image classification accuracy by citizen scientists can vary across species, the influence of other factors on accuracy is poorly understood. Inaccuracy diminishes the value of citizen science derived data and prompts the need for specific best-practice protocols to decrease error. We compare the accuracy between three programs that use crowdsourced citizen scientists to process images online: Snapshot Serengeti, Wildwatch Kenya, and AmazonCam Tambopata. We hypothesized that habitat type and camera settings would influence accuracy. To evaluate these factors, each photograph was circulated to multiple volunteers. All volunteer classifications were aggregated to a single best answer for each photograph using a plurality algorithm. Subsequently, a subset of these images underwent expert review and were compared to the citizen scientist results. Classification errors were categorized by the nature of the error (e.g., false species or false empty), and reason for the false classification (e.g., misidentification). Our results show that Snapshot Serengeti had the highest accuracy (97.9%), followed by AmazonCam Tambopata (93.5%), then Wildwatch Kenya (83.4%). Error type was influenced by habitat, with false empty images more prevalent in open-grassy habitat (27%) compared to woodlands (10%). For medium to large animal surveys across all habitat types, our results suggest that to significantly improve accuracy in crowdsourced projects, researchers should use a trail camera set up protocol with a burst of three consecutive photographs, a short field of view, and determine camera sensitivity settings based on in situ testing. Accuracy level comp
- Published
- 2020
8. Effects of body size on estimation of mammalian area requirements
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Noonan, M.J., Fleming, C.H., Tucker, M.A., Kays, R., Harrison, A.L., Crofoot, M.C., Abrahms, B., Alberts, S.C., Ali, A.H., Altmann, J., Antunes, P.C., Attias, N., Belant, J.L., Beyer, D.E., Jr., Bidner, L.R., Blaum, N., Boone, R.B., Caillaud, D., Paula, R.C. de, Torre, J.A. de la, Dekker, J., DePerno, C.S., Farhadinia, M., Fennessy, J., Fichtel, C., Fischer, C., Ford, A., Goheen, J.R., Havmoller, R.W., Hirsch, B.T., Hurtado, C., Isbell, L.A., Janssen, Rene, Jeltsch, F., Kaczensky, P., Kaneko, Y., Kappeler, P., Katna, A., Kauffman, M., Koch, F., Kulkarni, A., LaPoint, S., Leimgruber, P., Macdonald, D.W., Markham, A.C., McMahon, L., Mertes, K., Moorman, C.E., Morato, R.G., Mossbrucker, A.M., Mourao, G., O'Connor, D., Oliveira-Santos, L.G.R., Pastorini, J., Patterson, B.D., Rachlow, J., Ranglack, D.H., Reid, N., Scantlebury, D.M., Scott, D.M., Selva, N., Sergiel, A., Songer, M., Songsasen, N., Stabach, J.A., Stacy-Dawes, J., Swingen, M.B., Thompson, J.J., Ullmann, W., Vanak, A.T., Thaker, M., Wilson, J.W., Yamazaki, K., Yarnell, R.W., Zieba, F., Zwijacz-Kozica, T., Fagan, W.F., Mueller, T., Calabrese, J.M., Noonan, M.J., Fleming, C.H., Tucker, M.A., Kays, R., Harrison, A.L., Crofoot, M.C., Abrahms, B., Alberts, S.C., Ali, A.H., Altmann, J., Antunes, P.C., Attias, N., Belant, J.L., Beyer, D.E., Jr., Bidner, L.R., Blaum, N., Boone, R.B., Caillaud, D., Paula, R.C. de, Torre, J.A. de la, Dekker, J., DePerno, C.S., Farhadinia, M., Fennessy, J., Fichtel, C., Fischer, C., Ford, A., Goheen, J.R., Havmoller, R.W., Hirsch, B.T., Hurtado, C., Isbell, L.A., Janssen, Rene, Jeltsch, F., Kaczensky, P., Kaneko, Y., Kappeler, P., Katna, A., Kauffman, M., Koch, F., Kulkarni, A., LaPoint, S., Leimgruber, P., Macdonald, D.W., Markham, A.C., McMahon, L., Mertes, K., Moorman, C.E., Morato, R.G., Mossbrucker, A.M., Mourao, G., O'Connor, D., Oliveira-Santos, L.G.R., Pastorini, J., Patterson, B.D., Rachlow, J., Ranglack, D.H., Reid, N., Scantlebury, D.M., Scott, D.M., Selva, N., Sergiel, A., Songer, M., Songsasen, N., Stabach, J.A., Stacy-Dawes, J., Swingen, M.B., Thompson, J.J., Ullmann, W., Vanak, A.T., Thaker, M., Wilson, J.W., Yamazaki, K., Yarnell, R.W., Zieba, F., Zwijacz-Kozica, T., Fagan, W.F., Mueller, T., and Calabrese, J.M.
- Abstract
Contains fulltext : 226766.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)
- Published
- 2020
9. Flood-borne sediment analysis of the Hoanib River, northwestern Namibia
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Leggett, K., Fennessy, J., and Schneider, S.
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- 2005
- Full Text
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10. EFFECTS OF SPORTS DRINK WITH B VITAMINS ON PERFORMANCE DURING CYCLING
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Millard-Stafford, M L., Rosskopf, L B., Snow, T K., Colwell, P, Fennessy, J M., and Baker, C R.
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- 2002
11. Moving in the Anthropocene: Global reductions in terrestrial mammalian movements
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Tucker, M A, Bohning-Gaese, K, Fagan, W F, Fryxell, J M, Van Moorter, B, Alberts, S C, Ali, A H, Allen, A M, Attias, N, Avgar, T, Bartlam-Brooks, H L A, Bayarbaatar, B, Belant, J L, Bertassoni, A, Beyer, D, Bidner, L, Van Beest, F M, Blake, S, Blaum, N, Bracis, C, Brown, D, De Bruyn, P J N, Cagnacci, F, Calabrese, J M, Camilo-Alves, C, Chamaille-Jammes, S, Chiaradia, A, Davidson, S C, Dennis, T, DeStefano, S, Diefenbach, D, Douglas-Hamilton, I, Fennessy, J, Fichtel, C F, Fiedler, W, Fischer, C, Fischhoff, I, Fleming, C H, Ford, A T, Fritz, S A, Gehr, B, Goheen, J R, Gurarie, E, Hebblewhite, M, Heurich, M, Hewison, A J M, Hof, C, Hurme, E, Isbell, L A, Janssen, R, Jeltsch, F, Kaczensky, P, Kane, A, Kappeler, P M, and Kauffman, M
- Published
- 2018
12. Phenotypic trait variation measured on European genetic trials of Fagus sylvatica L
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Robson, M. T., Garzón, M. B., Alía Miranda, Ricardo, Egido, D. B., Bogdan, S., Borovics, A., Božič, G., Brendel, O., Clark, J., De Vries, S. M. G., Delehan, I. I., Ducousso, A., Fady, B., Fennessy, J., Forstreuter, M., Frýdl, J., Geburek, T., Gömöry, D., Hauke-Kowalska, M., Huber, G., Ibañez, J. I., Ioniţă, L., Ivankovič, M., Hansen, J. K., Kóczán-Horváth, A., Kraigher, H., Lee, S., Liesebach, M., Mátyás, C., Mertens, P., Muhs, H. J., Novotný, P., Parnuţa, G., Paule, L., Picardo, A., Rasztovics, E., Rogge, M., Stener, L. G., Sułkowska, M., Urban, O., Von Wuehlisch, G., Vendramin, G. G., Vettori, C., Wesoły, W., and Beech COSTe52 database consortium
- Abstract
We present BeechCOSTe52; a database of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) phenotypic measurements for several traits related to fitness measured in genetic trials planted across Europe. The dataset was compiled and harmonized during the COST-Action E52 (2006–2010), and subsequently cross-validated to ensure consistency of measurement data among trials and provenances. Phenotypic traits (height, diameter at breast height, basal diameter, mortality, phenology of spring bud burst and autumn–leaf discoloration) were recorded in 38 trial sites where 217 provenances covering the entire distribution of European beech were established in two consecutive series (1993/95 and 1996/98). The recorded data refer to 862,095 measurements of the same trees aged from 2 to 15 years old over multiple years. This dataset captures the considerable genetic and phenotypic intra-specific variation present in European beech and should be of interest to researchers from several disciplines including quantitative genetics, ecology, biogeography, macroecology, adaptive management of forests and bioeconomy.We present BeechCOSTe52; a database of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) phenotypic measurements for several traits related to fitness measured in genetic trials planted across Europe. The dataset was compiled and harmonized during the COST-Action E52 (2006–2010), and subsequently cross-validated to ensure consistency of measurement data among trials and provenances. Phenotypic traits (height, diameter at breast height, basal diameter, mortality, phenology of spring bud burst and autumn–leaf discoloration) were recorded in 38 trial sites where 217 provenances covering the entire distribution of European beech were established in two consecutive series (1993/95 and 1996/98). The recorded data refer to 862,095 measurements of the same trees aged from 2 to 15 years old over multiple years. This dataset captures the considerable genetic and phenotypic intra-specific variation present in European beech and should be of interest to researchers from several disciplines including quantitative genetics, ecology, biogeography, macroecology, adaptive management of forests and bioeconomy.We present BeechCOSTe52; a database of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) phenotypic measurements for several traits related to fitness measured in genetic trials planted across Europe. The dataset was compiled and harmonized during the COST-Action E52 (2006–2010), and subsequently cross-validated to ensure consistency of measurement data among trials and provenances. Phenotypic traits (height, diameter at breast height, basal diameter, mortality, phenology of spring bud burst and autumn–leaf discoloration) were recorded in 38 trial sites where 217 provenances covering the entire distribution of European beech were established in two consecutive series (1993/95 and 1996/98). The recorded data refer to 862,095 measurements of the same trees aged from 2 to 15 years old over multiple years. This dataset captures the considerable genetic and phenotypic intra-specific variation present in European beech and should be of interest to researchers from several disciplines including quantitative genetics, ecology, biogeography, macroecology, adaptive management of forests and bioeconomy.
- Published
- 2018
13. Moving in the Anthropocene: Global reductions in terrestrial mammalian movements
- Author
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Tucker, MA, Böhning-Gaese, K, Fagan, WF, Fryxell, JM, Van Moorter, B, Alberts, SC, Ali, AH, Allen, AM, Attias, N, Avgar, T, Bartlam-Brooks, H, Bayarbaatar, B, Belant, JL, Bertassoni, A, Beyer, D, Bidner, L, Van Beest, FM, Blake, S, Blaum, N, Bracis, C, Brown, D, De Bruyn, PJN, Cagnacci, F, Calabrese, JM, Camilo-Alves, C, Chamaillé-Jammes, S, Chiaradia, A, Davidson, SC, Dennis, T, DeStefano, S, Diefenbach, D, Douglas-Hamilton, I, Fennessy, J, Fichtel, C, Fiedler, W, Fischer, C, Fischhoff, I, Fleming, CH, Ford, AT, Fritz, SA, Gehr, B, Goheen, JR, Gurarie, E, Hebblewhite, M, Heurich, M, Hewison, AJM, Hof, C, Hurme, E, Isbell, LA, Janssen, R, Jeltsch, F, Kaczensky, P, Kane, A, Kappeler, PM, Kauffman, M, Kays, R, Kimuyu, D, Koch, F, Kranstauber, B, LaPoint, S, Leimgruber, P, Linnell, JDC, López-López, P, Markham, AC, Mattisson, J, Medici, EP, Mellone, U, Merrill, E, De MirandaMourão, G, Morato, RG, Morellet, N, Morrison, TA, Díaz-Muñoz, SL, Mysterud, A, Nandintsetseg, D, Nathan, R, Niamir, A, Odden, J, O'Hara, RB, Oliveira-Santos, LGR, Olson, KA, Patterson, BD, De Paula, RC, Pedrotti, L, Reineking, B, Rimmler, M, Rogers, TL, Rolandsen, CM, Rosenberry, CS, Rubenstein, DI, Safi, K, Saïd, S, Sapir, N, Sawyer, H, Schmidt, NM, Selva, N, Sergiel, A, Shiilegdamba, E, Silva, JP, Singh, N, Tucker, MA, Böhning-Gaese, K, Fagan, WF, Fryxell, JM, Van Moorter, B, Alberts, SC, Ali, AH, Allen, AM, Attias, N, Avgar, T, Bartlam-Brooks, H, Bayarbaatar, B, Belant, JL, Bertassoni, A, Beyer, D, Bidner, L, Van Beest, FM, Blake, S, Blaum, N, Bracis, C, Brown, D, De Bruyn, PJN, Cagnacci, F, Calabrese, JM, Camilo-Alves, C, Chamaillé-Jammes, S, Chiaradia, A, Davidson, SC, Dennis, T, DeStefano, S, Diefenbach, D, Douglas-Hamilton, I, Fennessy, J, Fichtel, C, Fiedler, W, Fischer, C, Fischhoff, I, Fleming, CH, Ford, AT, Fritz, SA, Gehr, B, Goheen, JR, Gurarie, E, Hebblewhite, M, Heurich, M, Hewison, AJM, Hof, C, Hurme, E, Isbell, LA, Janssen, R, Jeltsch, F, Kaczensky, P, Kane, A, Kappeler, PM, Kauffman, M, Kays, R, Kimuyu, D, Koch, F, Kranstauber, B, LaPoint, S, Leimgruber, P, Linnell, JDC, López-López, P, Markham, AC, Mattisson, J, Medici, EP, Mellone, U, Merrill, E, De MirandaMourão, G, Morato, RG, Morellet, N, Morrison, TA, Díaz-Muñoz, SL, Mysterud, A, Nandintsetseg, D, Nathan, R, Niamir, A, Odden, J, O'Hara, RB, Oliveira-Santos, LGR, Olson, KA, Patterson, BD, De Paula, RC, Pedrotti, L, Reineking, B, Rimmler, M, Rogers, TL, Rolandsen, CM, Rosenberry, CS, Rubenstein, DI, Safi, K, Saïd, S, Sapir, N, Sawyer, H, Schmidt, NM, Selva, N, Sergiel, A, Shiilegdamba, E, Silva, JP, and Singh, N
- Abstract
Animal movement is fundamental for ecosystem functioning and species survival, yet the effects of the anthropogenic footprint on animal movements have not been estimated across species. Using a unique GPS-tracking database of 803 individuals across 57 species, we found that movements of mammals in areas with a comparatively high human footprint were on average one-half to one-third the extent of their movements in areas with a low human footprint.We attribute this reduction to behavioral changes of individual animals and to the exclusion of species with long-range movements from areas with higher human impact. Global loss of vagility alters a key ecological trait of animals that affects not only population persistence but also ecosystem processes such as predator-prey interactions, nutrient cycling, and disease transmission.
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- 2018
14. Phenotypic trait variation measured on European genetic trials of Fagus sylvatica L
- Author
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Kraigher, Hojka [0000-0001-5696-2178], Fady, Bruno [0000-0003-2379-7617], Robson, T. M., Garzón, M. B., Alía Miranda, Ricardo, Egido, D. B., Bogdan, S., Borovics, A., Božič, Gregor, Brendel, O., Clark, Jo, De Vries, S. M. G., Delehan, I. I., Ducousso, A., Fady, Bruno, Fennessy, J., Forstreuter, M., Frýdl, J., Geburek, T., Gömöry, D., Hauke-Kowalska, M., Huber, Gerhard, Ibáñez, Juan Ignacio, Ioniţă, L., Ivanković, Mladen, Hansen, John K., Kóczán-Horváth, A., Kraigher, Hojka, Lee, Steve, Liesebach, M., Mátyás, C., Mertens, Patrick, Muhs, H. J., Novotný, P., Parnuţa, G., Paule, L., Picardo, A., Rasztovits, E., Rogge, M., Stener, L. G., Sułkowska, M., Urban, O., Von Wuehlisch, G., Vendramin, G. G., Vettori, C., Wesoły, W., Kraigher, Hojka [0000-0001-5696-2178], Fady, Bruno [0000-0003-2379-7617], Robson, T. M., Garzón, M. B., Alía Miranda, Ricardo, Egido, D. B., Bogdan, S., Borovics, A., Božič, Gregor, Brendel, O., Clark, Jo, De Vries, S. M. G., Delehan, I. I., Ducousso, A., Fady, Bruno, Fennessy, J., Forstreuter, M., Frýdl, J., Geburek, T., Gömöry, D., Hauke-Kowalska, M., Huber, Gerhard, Ibáñez, Juan Ignacio, Ioniţă, L., Ivanković, Mladen, Hansen, John K., Kóczán-Horváth, A., Kraigher, Hojka, Lee, Steve, Liesebach, M., Mátyás, C., Mertens, Patrick, Muhs, H. J., Novotný, P., Parnuţa, G., Paule, L., Picardo, A., Rasztovits, E., Rogge, M., Stener, L. G., Sułkowska, M., Urban, O., Von Wuehlisch, G., Vendramin, G. G., Vettori, C., and Wesoły, W.
- Abstract
We present BeechCOSTe52; a database of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) phenotypic measurements for several traits related to fitness measured in genetic trials planted across Europe. The dataset was compiled and harmonized during the COST-Action E52 (2006–2010), and subsequently cross-validated to ensure consistency of measurement data among trials and provenances. Phenotypic traits (height, diameter at breast height, basal diameter, mortality, phenology of spring bud burst and autumn–leaf discoloration) were recorded in 38 trial sites where 217 provenances covering the entire distribution of European beech were established in two consecutive series (1993/95 and 1996/98). The recorded data refer to 862,095 measurements of the same trees aged from 2 to 15 years old over multiple years. This dataset captures the considerable genetic and phenotypic intra-specific variation present in European beech and should be of interest to researchers from several disciplines including quantitative genetics, ecology, biogeography, macroecology, adaptive management of forests and bioeconomy.We present BeechCOSTe52; a database of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) phenotypic measurements for several traits related to fitness measured in genetic trials planted across Europe. The dataset was compiled and harmonized during the COST-Action E52 (2006–2010), and subsequently cross-validated to ensure consistency of measurement data among trials and provenances. Phenotypic traits (height, diameter at breast height, basal diameter, mortality, phenology of spring bud burst and autumn–leaf discoloration) were recorded in 38 trial sites where 217 provenances covering the entire distribution of European beech were established in two consecutive series (1993/95 and 1996/98). The recorded data refer to 862,095 measurements of the same trees aged from 2 to 15 years old over multiple years. This dataset captures the considerable genetic and phenotypic intra-specific variation present in European beec
- Published
- 2018
15. Higher than expected growth rate of the Endangered West African giraffe \textitGiraffa camelopardalis peralta : a successful human\textendashwildlife cohabitation
- Author
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Suraud, Jean Patrick, Fennessy, J., Bonnaud, E., Issa, A. M., Fritz, H., Gaillard, Jean-Michel, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE)
- Subjects
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
International audience
- Published
- 2012
16. Higher than expected growth rate of the Endangered West African giraffe Giraffa camelopardalis peralta: a successful human–wildlife cohabitation
- Author
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Suraud, J.-P., primary, Fennessy, J., additional, Bonnaud, E., additional, Issa, A.M., additional, Fritz, H., additional, and Gaillard, J.-M., additional
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. 569 SYMPATHETIC OUTFLOW TO BONE MARROW MEGAKARYOCYTES STIMULATES NEOINTIMA FORMATION VIA PLATELET-DERIVED NEUROPEPTIDE Y
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Abe, K., primary, Saadat, S., additional, Fennessy, J., additional, Dandamudi, S., additional, Kitlinska, J., additional, Tilan, J., additional, Lu, C., additional, Hellerstein, M.K., additional, and Zukowska, Z., additional
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Approaches in Great Britain and Ireland to the genetic improvement of broadleaved trees
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Savill, P.S., primary, Fennessy, J., additional, and Samuel, C.J.A., additional
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. The morphology and seasonal changes in cold hardiness, dormancy intensity and root growth potential of rooted cuttings of Sitka spruce
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Fennessy, J., primary
- Published
- 2000
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- View/download PDF
20. Pleural thickening caused by leukemic infiltration: CT findings.
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Kim, F M, primary and Fennessy, J J, additional
- Published
- 1994
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Quantitative computer-aided analysis of lung texture in chest radiographs.
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Katsuragawa, S, primary, Doi, K, additional, MacMahon, H, additional, Nakamori, N, additional, Sasaki, Y, additional, and Fennessy, J J, additional
- Published
- 1990
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Supernumerary intrathoracic ribs: imaging features of two cases.
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MacEneaney, P, Visweswaran, A, Fennessy, J, and Masterson, J
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Irradiation damage to the lung.
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Fennessy, John J. and Fennessy, J J
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- 1987
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Ulcerative proctitis and mild ulcerative colitis: A study of 220 patients.
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Sparberg, M, Fennessy, J, and Kirsner, J B
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- 1966
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Radiological findings in carcinoma of the colon complicating chronic ulcerative colitis.
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Fennessy, J J, Sparberg, M B, and Kirsner, J B
- Published
- 1968
26. The Diagnosis of Pulmonary Aspergillosis by the Bronchial Brushing Technique
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Genoe, G. A., primary, Morello, J. A., additional, and Fennessy, J. J., additional
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- 1972
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27. Clinical snapshot. Trichotillomania.
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Fennessy J and Crotty CP
- Published
- 2008
28. The morphology and seasonal changes in cold hardiness, dormancy intensity and root growth potential of rooted cuttings of sitka spruce
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Thompson, D., O'Reilly, C., Fennessy, J., and Harper, C. P.
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MORPHOLOGY ,PHYSIOLOGY ,FORESTS & forestry ,BOTANY ,SITKA spruce - Abstract
The morphological and seasonal changes in physiological attributes of Sitka spruce cuttings derived from juvenile selections were compared with that of conventional transplants growing in Ireland in 1997/98. Differences between stock types for most morphological characteristics were small from an operational viewpoint. Cuttings had significantly fewer branches per unit height and a poorer shoot:root ratio. Thecuttings were less cold hardy in October and November and flushed more rapidly in the greenhouse when lifted in November compared with the transplants. Therefore, there may be a higher risk of frost damage to cuttings if planted on frost-prone sites. Furthermore, since dormancy intensity and stress resistance levels (as indicated by cold-hardiness levels) were lower in the cuttings than in the transplants in the October-November period, the window of opportunity for commencing lifting of cuttings may be delayed when compared with conventional transplants. The root growth potential (RGP) in both stock types was generally good, but in February cuttings had a lower RGP than the transplants. These differences in RGP were probably related to the effectsof the dormancy cycle on root growth phenology. The reason for the different physiological response of cuttings compared with transplantsis unclear. Possible reasons include selection in the nursery bed and the effects of ageing or phase change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2000
29. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) assay: an adjunct to conventional diagnostic techniques in the detection of malignancy
- Author
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Fennessy, J
- Published
- 1973
30. Population genomics of the southern giraffe.
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Prochotta D, Winter S, Fennessy J, and Janke A
- Abstract
Studying wildlife taxonomic diversity and identifying distinct populations has traditionally been largely based on morphology and geographic origin. More recently, this method has been supplemented by genetic data from the mitochondrial genome. However, this is limited as only maternally inherited and may not reflect the true nature of a population's genetics. Within the giraffe (Giraffa spp.), subspecies and unique populations were successfully characterized using both mitochondrial and genomic DNA studies, which led to new insights and, in some cases, unexpected results that required further verification. Here, we sequenced the genomes of 85 southern giraffe (G. giraffa) individuals from ten populations across southern Africa for a detailed investigation into the genetic diversity and history of its two subspecies, the Angolan (G. g. angolensis) and the South African (G. g. giraffa) giraffe. While the overall genotypes show low levels of runs of homozygosity compared to other mammals, the degree of heterozygosity is limited despite the large population size of South African giraffe. The nuclear genotype is largely congruent with the mitochondrial genotype. However, we have identified that the distribution of the Angolan giraffe is not as far east as indicated in an earlier mitochondrial DNA study. Botswana's Central Kalahari Game Reserve giraffe are unique, with a clear admixture of Angolan and South African giraffe populations. However, the enigmatic desert-dwelling giraffe of northwest Namibia is locally distinct from other Angolan giraffe yet exhibits intra-subspecies signs of admixture resulting from a recent introduction of individuals from Namibia's Etosha National Park. Whole genome sequencing is an invaluable and nearly indispensable tool for wildlife management to uncover genetic diversity that is undetectable through mitogenomic, geographical, and morphological means., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
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31. Reducing Hospital Length of Stay and Hepatic Artery Thrombosis Rates for Children Receiving a Liver Transplant: A Single-Center Experience From 2000 to 2021.
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Fennessy J, Thomas G, Waters G, Stormon M, Shun A, and Cavazzoni E
- Subjects
- Humans, Female, Male, Child, Child, Preschool, Infant, Retrospective Studies, Adolescent, Multivariate Analysis, Intensive Care Units, Pediatric, Liver Transplantation, Length of Stay statistics & numerical data, Hepatic Artery surgery, Thrombosis etiology, Thrombosis epidemiology, Postoperative Complications epidemiology, Postoperative Complications etiology
- Abstract
Background: Pediatric liver transplantation is a very resource-intensive therapy. This study aimed to identify the changes made between two epochs of management and analyze their influence on length of stay (LOS)., Methods: Data from a single center were obtained from the liver transplant and Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) databases for 336 transplants (282 children) performed between 2000 and 2021. Transplants were analyzed in two epochs, before and after July 2012, representing a change in postoperative anticoagulation management. Differences in graft recipient demographics and perioperative management factors were compared between epochs. Multivariate regression was performed to identify the complications that correlated most strongly with hospital LOS., Results: There was a difference in hospital LOS between Epoch 1 (Median = 31.7 days) and Epoch 2 (Median = 26.3 days) (p < 0.001), but not in PICU LOS (E1 Median = 7.3 days, E2 Median = 7.4 days; p = 0.792). Epoch 2 saw increased use of split grafts (60.6% of total), decreased pediatric end-stage liver disease (PELD) score at transplant (Average = 16.7; p < 0.001), decreased invasive ventilation time (Average = 4.48 days; p < 0.001), and decreased hepatic artery thrombosis (HAT) rates (E1 = 14.4%, E2 = 4.3%; p < 0.001) without an associated increase in bleeding rates., Conclusions: Hospital LOS has reduced in Epoch 2 due to refinements in intraoperative and postoperative management. There is increased emphasis on early extubation and increased use of noninvasive ventilatory techniques in Epoch 2. Split grafts have effectively expanded our graft donor pool and reduced transplant waitlist times., (© 2024 The Author(s). Pediatric Transplantation published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Immobilisation protocols for wild giraffe (Giraffa spp.) - a review.
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Ferguson S, Harvey RJ, Fennessy S, and Fennessy J
- Abstract
Background: Immobilisation of wild giraffe (Giraffa spp.) is challenging due to their unique anatomy and physiology. Field immobilisations are required for numerous conservation, tourism, and veterinary purposes. Wild giraffe immobilisation techniques have evolved considerably from physical to chemical with ultrapotent drugs., Objective: To provide a detailed overview of historic and present protocols used for immobilising giraffe in the wild as a valuable resource tool for future research into best practices., Methods: A systematic review was undertaken of the published literature on wild giraffe capture and immobilisation techniques with no restrictions on publication date., Results: The review detailed the evolution of capture techniques used for wild giraffe. The trend has moved from purely physical capture in the 1950s to the use of high dose ultrapotent opioids or a combination of opioids and alpha-2 agonists and/or tranquilisers. With a better understanding of giraffe physiology and wild giraffe capture, mortality rates have decreased significantly from ~ 35% to < 1%., Conclusion: The advent of ultrapotent opioids has caused a paradigm shift in wildlife immobilisation, especially for wild giraffe. While the use of these drugs, as sole immobilisation agents or in combination with alpha-2 agonists or tranquilisers, has greatly reduced mortality rates associated with wild giraffe immobilisations, there is a startling lack of physiological data evaluating the impact of these drugs on giraffe during and after immobilisation. Future research should focus on measuring physiological variables to determine the impact and best practice of these protocols on wild giraffe immobilisation.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Are there differences in the reoperation rates for operative adjacent-segment disease between ALIF+PS, PLIF+PS, TLIF+PS, and LLIF+PS? An analysis of a cohort of 5291 patients.
- Author
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Bains RR, Royse KE, Fennessy J, Norheim EP, Tabaraee E, Harris JE, Kuo CC, and Guppy KH
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Female, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Pedicle Screws, Adult, Aged, Postoperative Complications epidemiology, Reoperation statistics & numerical data, Spinal Fusion methods, Lumbar Vertebrae surgery, Intervertebral Disc Degeneration surgery
- Abstract
Objective: Biomechanical factors in lumbar fusions accelerate the development of adjacent-segment disease (ASD). Stiffness in the fused segment increases motion in the adjacent levels, resulting in ASD. The objective of this study was to determine if there are differences in the reoperation rates for symptomatic ASD (operative ASD) between anterior lumbar interbody fusion plus pedicle screws (ALIF+PS), posterior lumbar interbody fusion plus pedicle screws (PLIF+PS), transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion plus pedicle screws (TLIF+PS), and lateral lumbar interbody fusion plus pedicle screws (LLIF+PS)., Methods: A retrospective study using data from the Kaiser Permanente Spine Registry identified an adult cohort (≥ 18 years old) with degenerative disc disease who underwent primary lumbar interbody fusions with pedicle screws between L3 to S1. Demographic and operative data were obtained from the registry, and chart review was used to document operative ASD. Patients were followed until operative ASD, membership termination, the end of study (March 31, 2022), or death. Operative ASD was analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models., Results: The final study population included 5291 patients with a mean ± SD age of 60.1 ± 12.1 years and a follow-up of 6.3 ± 3.8 years. There was a total of 443 operative ASD cases, with an overall incidence rate of reoperation for ASD of 8.37% (95% CI 7.6-9.2). The crude incidence of operative ASD at 5 years was the lowest in the ALIF+PS cohort (7.7%, 95% CI 6.3-9.4). In the adjusted models, the authors failed to detect a statistical difference in operative ASD between ALIF+PS (reference) versus PLIF+PS (HR 1.06 [0.79-1.44], p = 0.69) versus TLIF+PS (HR 1.03 [0.81-1.31], p = 0.83) versus LLIF+PS (HR 1.38 [0.77-2.46], p = 0.28)., Conclusions: In a large cohort of over 5000 patients with an average follow-up of > 6 years, the authors found no differences in the reoperation rates for symptomatic ASD (operative ASD) between ALIF+PS and PLIF+PS, TLIF+PS, or LLIF+PS.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Saving the Last West African Giraffe Population: A Review of Its Conservation Status and Management.
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Gašparová K, Fennessy J, Moussa Zabeirou AR, Abagana AL, Rabeil T, and Brandlová K
- Abstract
The West African giraffe ( Giraffa camelopardalis peralta ) was historically spread across much of the Sudano-Sahelian zone but is now restricted to Niger. Several factors resulted in their dramatic decline during the late 20th century. In 1996, only 49 individuals remained, concentrated in the 'Giraffe Zone'. Conservation activities implemented by the Government of Niger, supported by local communities and NGOs, facilitated their population numbers to increase. This review summarizes past and present conservation activities and evaluates their impact to advise and prioritize future conservation actions for the West African giraffe. The long-term conservation of the West African giraffe is highly dependent on the local communities who live alongside them, as well as supplementary support from local and international partners. Recent conservation initiatives range from community-based monitoring to the fitting of GPS satellite tags to better understand their habitat use, spatial movements to expansion areas, and environmental education to the establishment of the first satellite population of West African giraffe in Gadabedji Biosphere Reserve, the latter serving as a flagship for the future restoration of large mammal populations in West Africa. The integration of modern technologies and methods will hopefully provide better-quality data, improved spatial analyses, and greater understanding of giraffe ecology to inform the long-term management of West African giraffe.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Genomic analysis reveals limited hybridization among three giraffe species in Kenya.
- Author
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Coimbra RTF, Winter S, Muneza A, Fennessy S, Otiende M, Mijele D, Masiaine S, Stacy-Dawes J, Fennessy J, and Janke A
- Subjects
- Animals, Kenya, Genomics, Genome, Hybridization, Genetic, Giraffes genetics
- Abstract
Background: In the speciation continuum, the strength of reproductive isolation varies, and species boundaries are blurred by gene flow. Interbreeding among giraffe (Giraffa spp.) in captivity is known, and anecdotal reports of natural hybrids exist. In Kenya, Nubian (G. camelopardalis camelopardalis), reticulated (G. reticulata), and Masai giraffe sensu stricto (G. tippelskirchi tippelskirchi) are parapatric, and thus, the country might be a melting pot for these taxa. We analyzed 128 genomes of wild giraffe, 113 newly sequenced, representing these three taxa., Results: We found varying levels of Nubian ancestry in 13 reticulated giraffe sampled across the Laikipia Plateau most likely reflecting historical gene flow between these two lineages. Although comparatively weaker signs of ancestral gene flow and potential mitochondrial introgression from reticulated into Masai giraffe were also detected, estimated admixture levels between these two lineages are minimal. Importantly, contemporary gene flow between East African giraffe lineages was not statistically significant. Effective population sizes have declined since the Late Pleistocene, more severely for Nubian and reticulated giraffe., Conclusions: Despite historically hybridizing, these three giraffe lineages have maintained their overall genomic integrity suggesting effective reproductive isolation, consistent with the previous classification of giraffe into four species., (© 2023. BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.)
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- 2023
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36. Congenital and Neoplastic Cranial Deformities in Wild Giraffe (Giraffa spp.).
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Ferguson S, Kaitho T, Lekolool I, Muneza A, Michelmore J, McFeeters L, Wells E, Ahl K, Hoffman R, Brown M, Fennessy S, and Fennessy J
- Subjects
- Animals, Ruminants, Skull, Animals, Wild, Giraffes, Neoplasms veterinary
- Abstract
Congenital deformities and neoplasia are poorly documented in wildlife, owing to the difficulty of detection in wild populations. Congenital deformities may lead to premature mortality, thus reducing the chances of thorough documentation. Importantly, neoplasia diagnoses depend on either sampling suspicious lesions from living individuals or access to fresh, undisturbed carcasses, which can prove challenging. We describe five cases of suspected congenital cranial deformities (midfacial cleft, wry nose, and brachygnathia inferior) and two possible cases of cranial neoplasia (orbital bone mass and a soft tissue mass) opportunistically observed in wild giraffe (Giraffa spp.) across their range in Africa. Although cases are largely limited to subjective description because physical examination is often not possible, it is critical to document such observations to help identify and track potential health concerns in wild giraffe populations., (© Wildlife Disease Association 2023.)
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- 2023
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37. Lateral Mass Screws Versus Pedicle Screws at C7: Reoperation Rates for Operative Adjacent Segment Disease and Nonunion in Posterior Cervical Fusion.
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Brara HS, Royse KE, Fennessy J, Harris JE, and Guppy KH
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- Humans, Retrospective Studies, Reoperation methods, Neck, Cervical Vertebrae surgery, Pedicle Screws, Spinal Fusion methods
- Abstract
Study Design: A retrospective cohort study., Objective: To determine if there is a difference in reoperation rates for symptomatic adjacent segment disease (operative ASD) and symptomatic nonunions (operative nonunions) in posterior cervical fusions (PCFs) stopping at C7 using either lateral mass screws (LMS) or cervical pedicle screws (CPS) at C7., Summary of Background Data: Stopping PCFs at C7 has been controversial because of the risks of adjacent segment disease or nonunions. The two commonly used fixation techniques at the C7 level are LMS and CPS., Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis from the Kaiser Permanente Spine Registry identified a cohort of patients with cervical degenerative disk disease who underwent primary PCFs stopping at C7 with either LMS or CPS at C7. Demographic and operative data were extracted from the registry, and operative ASD and operative nonunions were adjudicated through chart review. Patients were followed until validated operative ASD or nonunion, membership termination, death, or end of study (March 31, 2022). Descriptive statistics and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were calculated for operative ASDs and operative nonunions., Results: We found 481 patients with PCFs stopping at C7 with either LMS (n=347) or CPS (n=134) at C7 with an average follow-up time of 5.6 (±3.8) years, time to operative ASD of 3.0 (±2.8) years, and to operative nonunion of 1.2 (±0.7) years. There were 11 operative ASDs (LMS=8, CPS=3) and eight operative nonunions (LMS=4, CPS=4). There was no statistical difference between patients stopping at C7 with LMS versus CPS for operative ASDs (HR: 0.68, 95% CI=0.17-2.77, P =0.60) or operative nonunions (HR: 2.09, 95% CI=0.45-8.58, P =0.37)., Conclusion: A large cohort of patients with PCFs stopping at C7 with an average follow-up of > 5 years found no statistical difference in reoperation rates for symptomatic ASD (operative ASD) or operative nonunion using either LMS or CPS at C7., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2023
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38. Behavioral responses of terrestrial mammals to COVID-19 lockdowns.
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Tucker MA, Schipper AM, Adams TSF, Attias N, Avgar T, Babic NL, Barker KJ, Bastille-Rousseau G, Behr DM, Belant JL, Beyer DE Jr, Blaum N, Blount JD, Bockmühl D, Pires Boulhosa RL, Brown MB, Buuveibaatar B, Cagnacci F, Calabrese JM, Černe R, Chamaillé-Jammes S, Chan AN, Chase MJ, Chaval Y, Chenaux-Ibrahim Y, Cherry SG, Ćirović D, Çoban E, Cole EK, Conlee L, Courtemanch A, Cozzi G, Davidson SC, DeBloois D, Dejid N, DeNicola V, Desbiez ALJ, Douglas-Hamilton I, Drake D, Egan M, Eikelboom JAJ, Fagan WF, Farmer MJ, Fennessy J, Finnegan SP, Fleming CH, Fournier B, Fowler NL, Gantchoff MG, Garnier A, Gehr B, Geremia C, Goheen JR, Hauptfleisch ML, Hebblewhite M, Heim M, Hertel AG, Heurich M, Hewison AJM, Hodson J, Hoffman N, Hopcraft JGC, Huber D, Isaac EJ, Janik K, Ježek M, Johansson Ö, Jordan NR, Kaczensky P, Kamaru DN, Kauffman MJ, Kautz TM, Kays R, Kelly AP, Kindberg J, Krofel M, Kusak J, Lamb CT, LaSharr TN, Leimgruber P, Leitner H, Lierz M, Linnell JDC, Lkhagvaja P, Long RA, López-Bao JV, Loretto MC, Marchand P, Martin H, Martinez LA, McBride RT Jr, McLaren AAD, Meisingset E, Melzheimer J, Merrill EH, Middleton AD, Monteith KL, Moore SA, Van Moorter B, Morellet N, Morrison T, Müller R, Mysterud A, Noonan MJ, O'Connor D, Olson D, Olson KA, Ortega AC, Ossi F, Panzacchi M, Patchett R, Patterson BR, de Paula RC, Payne J, Peters W, Petroelje TR, Pitcher BJ, Pokorny B, Poole K, Potočnik H, Poulin MP, Pringle RM, Prins HHT, Ranc N, Reljić S, Robb B, Röder R, Rolandsen CM, Rutz C, Salemgareyev AR, Samelius G, Sayine-Crawford H, Schooler S, Şekercioğlu ÇH, Selva N, Semenzato P, Sergiel A, Sharma K, Shawler AL, Signer J, Silovský V, Silva JP, Simon R, Smiley RA, Smith DW, Solberg EJ, Ellis-Soto D, Spiegel O, Stabach J, Stacy-Dawes J, Stahler DR, Stephenson J, Stewart C, Strand O, Sunde P, Svoboda NJ, Swart J, Thompson JJ, Toal KL, Uiseb K, VanAcker MC, Velilla M, Verzuh TL, Wachter B, Wagler BL, Whittington J, Wikelski M, Wilmers CC, Wittemyer G, Young JK, Zięba F, Zwijacz-Kozica T, Huijbregts MAJ, and Mueller T
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- Animals, Humans, Movement, Animals, Wild physiology, Animals, Wild psychology, COVID-19 epidemiology, Mammals physiology, Mammals psychology, Quarantine, Animal Migration
- Abstract
COVID-19 lockdowns in early 2020 reduced human mobility, providing an opportunity to disentangle its effects on animals from those of landscape modifications. Using GPS data, we compared movements and road avoidance of 2300 terrestrial mammals (43 species) during the lockdowns to the same period in 2019. Individual responses were variable with no change in average movements or road avoidance behavior, likely due to variable lockdown conditions. However, under strict lockdowns 10-day 95th percentile displacements increased by 73%, suggesting increased landscape permeability. Animals' 1-hour 95th percentile displacements declined by 12% and animals were 36% closer to roads in areas of high human footprint, indicating reduced avoidance during lockdowns. Overall, lockdowns rapidly altered some spatial behaviors, highlighting variable but substantial impacts of human mobility on wildlife worldwide.
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- 2023
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39. Evaluating expert-based habitat suitability information of terrestrial mammals with GPS-tracking data.
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Broekman MJE, Hilbers JP, Huijbregts MAJ, Mueller T, Ali AH, Andrén H, Altmann J, Aronsson M, Attias N, Bartlam-Brooks HLA, van Beest FM, Belant JL, Beyer DE, Bidner L, Blaum N, Boone RB, Boyce MS, Brown MB, Cagnacci F, Černe R, Chamaillé-Jammes S, Dejid N, Dekker J, L J Desbiez A, Díaz-Muñoz SL, Fennessy J, Fichtel C, Fischer C, Fisher JT, Fischhoff I, Ford AT, Fryxell JM, Gehr B, Goheen JR, Hauptfleisch M, Hewison AJM, Hering R, Heurich M, Isbell LA, Janssen R, Jeltsch F, Kaczensky P, Kappeler PM, Krofel M, LaPoint S, Latham ADM, Linnell JDC, Markham AC, Mattisson J, Medici EP, de Miranda Mourão G, Van Moorter B, Morato RG, Morellet N, Mysterud A, Mwiu S, Odden J, Olson KA, Ornicāns A, Pagon N, Panzacchi M, Persson J, Petroelje T, Rolandsen CM, Roshier D, Rubenstein DI, Saïd S, Salemgareyev AR, Sawyer H, Schmidt NM, Selva N, Sergiel A, Stabach J, Stacy-Dawes J, Stewart FEC, Stiegler J, Strand O, Sundaresan S, Svoboda NJ, Ullmann W, Voigt U, Wall J, Wikelski M, Wilmers CC, Zięba F, Zwijacz-Kozica T, Schipper AM, and Tucker MA
- Abstract
Aim: Macroecological studies that require habitat suitability data for many species often derive this information from expert opinion. However, expert-based information is inherently subjective and thus prone to errors. The increasing availability of GPS tracking data offers opportunities to evaluate and supplement expert-based information with detailed empirical evidence. Here, we compared expert-based habitat suitability information from the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) with habitat suitability information derived from GPS-tracking data of 1,498 individuals from 49 mammal species., Location: Worldwide., Time Period: 1998-2021., Major Taxa Studied: Forty-nine terrestrial mammal species., Methods: Using GPS data, we estimated two measures of habitat suitability for each individual animal: proportional habitat use (proportion of GPS locations within a habitat type), and selection ratio (habitat use relative to its availability). For each individual we then evaluated whether the GPS-based habitat suitability measures were in agreement with the IUCN data. To that end, we calculated the probability that the ranking of empirical habitat suitability measures was in agreement with IUCN's classification into suitable, marginal and unsuitable habitat types., Results: IUCN habitat suitability data were in accordance with the GPS data (> 95% probability of agreement) for 33 out of 49 species based on proportional habitat use estimates and for 25 out of 49 species based on selection ratios. In addition, 37 and 34 species had a > 50% probability of agreement based on proportional habitat use and selection ratios, respectively., Main Conclusions: We show how GPS-tracking data can be used to evaluate IUCN habitat suitability data. Our findings indicate that for the majority of species included in this study, it is appropriate to use IUCN habitat suitability data in macroecological studies. Furthermore, we show that GPS-tracking data can be used to identify and prioritize species and habitat types for re-evaluation of IUCN habitat suitability data., Competing Interests: The authors have no conflict of interest to declare., (© 2022 The Authors. Global Ecology and Biogeography published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2022
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40. Giraffe skin disease: Clinicopathologic characterization of cutaneous filariasis in the critically endangered Nubian giraffe ( Giraffa camelopardalis camelopardalis ).
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Han S, Dadone L, Ferguson S, Bapodra-Villaverde P, Dennis PM, Aruho R, Sadar MJ, Fennessy J, Driciru M, Muneza AB, Brown MB, Johnston M, and Lahmers K
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- Animals, Skin pathology, Dermatitis pathology, Dermatitis veterinary, Filariasis pathology, Filariasis veterinary, Giraffes, Skin Diseases pathology, Skin Diseases veterinary
- Abstract
Giraffe skin disease (GSD) is an emerging disease of free-ranging giraffe recognized in the last 25 years in several species, including the critically endangered Nubian giraffe ( Giraffa camelopardalis camelopardalis ) of Uganda. Identifying the cause of GSD and understanding its impact on health were deemed paramount to supporting these vulnerable populations. Sixty-four giraffes were immobilized in Murchison Falls National Park, Uganda, from 2017 to 2019, and GSD lesions were opportunistically biopsied. Fifty-five giraffes (86%) had GSD lesions on the neck, axilla, chest, and cranial trunk. Lesions were categorized into early, intermediary, and dormant stages based on gross and histological characteristics. Early lesions were smaller, crusted nodules with eosinophilic and pyogranulomatous dermatitis and furunculosis. Intermediary lesions were thick plaques of proliferative and fissured hyperkeratosis and acanthosis with dense dermal granulation tissue and severe eosinophilic and granulomatous dermatitis. Lesions appeared to resolve to dormancy, with dormant lesions consisting of hairless plaques of hyperkeratosis with dermal scarring and residual inflammation. The periphery of early and intermediary lesions included follicular granulomas containing adult filarid nematodes, with myriad encysted microfilariae in the superficial dermis. Stage L3 larvae were common in early and intermediary lesions, and dormant lesions had remnant encysted microfilariae with no adult or stage L3 larvae. Nematodes were morphologically and genetically novel with close identity to Stephanofilaria spp. and Brugia malayi , which cause infectious filariasis. Identification of potential insect vectors, long-term monitoring of GSD lesions, and evaluating response to therapy is ongoing in the efforts to help conserve the Nubian giraffe.
- Published
- 2022
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41. No Difference in Reoperation Rates for Adjacent Segment Disease (Operative Adjacent Segment Disease) in Posterior Cervical Fusions Stopping at C7 Versus T1/T2: A Cohort of 875 Patients-Part 1.
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Guppy KH, Royse KE, Fennessy J, Norheim EP, Harris JE, and Brara HS
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- Cohort Studies, Humans, Reoperation, Retrospective Studies, Thoracic Vertebrae, Cervical Vertebrae surgery, Spinal Fusion adverse effects
- Abstract
Study Design: A retrospective cohort study with chart review., Objective: To determine whether there is a difference in reoperation rates for adjacent segment disease ([ASD] operative ASD) in posterior cervical fusions (PCFs) that stop at -C7 versus -T1/T2., Summary of Background Data: There are surgical treatment challenges to the anatomical complexities of the cervicothoracic junction. Current posterior cervical spine surgery is based on the belief that ASD occurs if fusions are stopped at C7 although there is varying evidence to support this assumption., Methods: Patients were followed until validated reoperations for ASD, membership termination, death, or March 31, 2020. Descriptive statistics and 5-year crude incidence rates and 95% confidence intervals for operative ASD for PCF ending at -C7 or -T1/T2 were reported. Time-dependent crude and adjusted multivariable Cox-Proportional Hazards models were used to evaluate operative ASD rates with adjustment for covariates or risk change estimates more than 10%., Results: We identified 875 patients with PCFs (beginning at C3 or C4 or C5 or C6) stopping at either -C7 (n = 470) or -T1/T2 (n = 405) with average follow-up time of 4.6 (±3.3) years and average time to operative ASD of 2.7 (±2.8) years. Crude overall incidence rates for stopping at -C7 (2.12% [1.02%-3.86%]) and -T1/T2 (2.48% [1.25%-4.40%]) were comparable with no statistical difference in risk (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.47, 95% confidence interval = 0.61-3.53, P = 0.39). In addition, we observed no differences in the probability of operative ASD in competing risk time-dependent models (Grey test P = 0.448)., Conclusion: A large cohort of 875 patients with PCFs stopping at -C7 or -T1/T2 with an average follow-up of more than 4 years found no statistical difference in reoperation rates for ASD (operative ASD).Level of Evidence: 3., (Copyright © 2021 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2022
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42. Conservation Genomics of Two Threatened Subspecies of Northern Giraffe: The West African and the Kordofan Giraffe.
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Coimbra RTF, Winter S, Mitchell B, Fennessy J, and Janke A
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- Animals, Genome, Genomics, Geography, Phylogeny, Giraffes genetics
- Abstract
Three of the four species of giraffe are threatened, particularly the northern giraffe ( Giraffa camelopardalis ), which collectively have the smallest known wild population estimates. Among the three subspecies of the northern giraffe, the West African giraffe ( Giraffa camelopardalis peralta ) had declined to 49 individuals by 1996 and only recovered due to conservation efforts undertaken in the past 25 years, while the Kordofan giraffe ( Giraffa camelopardalis antiquorum ) remains at <2300 individuals distributed in small, isolated populations over a large geographical range in Central Africa. These combined factors could lead to genetically depauperated populations. We analyzed 119 mitochondrial sequences and 26 whole genomes of northern giraffe individuals to investigate their population structure and assess the recent demographic history and current genomic diversity of West African and Kordofan giraffe. Phylogenetic and population structure analyses separate the three subspecies of northern giraffe and suggest genetic differentiation between populations from eastern and western areas of the Kordofan giraffe's range. Both West African and Kordofan giraffe show a gradual decline in effective population size over the last 10 ka and have moderate genome-wide heterozygosity compared to other giraffe species. Recent inbreeding levels are higher in the West African giraffe and in Kordofan giraffe from Garamba National Park, Democratic Republic of Congo. Although numbers for both West African and some populations of Kordofan giraffe have increased in recent years, the threat of habitat loss, climate change impacts, and illegal hunting persists. Thus, future conservation actions should consider close genetic monitoring of populations to detect and, where practical, counteract negative trends that might develop.
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- 2022
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43. Foot shape and radiographs of free-ranging Nubian giraffe in Uganda.
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Dadone L, Foxworth S, Aruho R, Schilz A, Joyet A, Barrett M, Morkel P, Crooks G, Fennessy J, and Johnston MS
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- Animals, Fractures, Bone veterinary, Hoof and Claw, Osteitis veterinary, Uganda, Fractures, Bone diagnostic imaging, Giraffes, Lower Extremity diagnostic imaging, Osteitis diagnostic imaging
- Abstract
Foot health in zoo giraffe has been a topic of recent research, although little is known about the foot health of free-ranging giraffe. This study describes the foot shape and radiographic pathological changes in 27 young adult Nubian giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis camelopardalis) from a translocation in Uganda (August 2017). Giraffe feet were observed to have a concave sole, the hoof wall was longest by the toe tip, and the weight-bearing surface of the foot was primarily along the periphery of the foot including hoof wall, parts of the heel, and the edge of the sole. Radiographs showed that pedal osteitis and sesamoid bone cysts were relatively uncommon (3/24 giraffe with osteitis, 1/24 giraffe with sesamoid cysts), and that no giraffe in the study had P3 joint osteoarthritis, P3 rotation, or P3 fractures. Radiographs consistently demonstrated a positive palmar/plantar angle with the sole of the hoof thicker at the heel than by the toe tip, with the non weight-bearing palmar/plantar angle measuring 1.6°- 4.3°. This is the first systematic review of foot shape and radiographs in free-ranging giraffe and demonstrates a low prevalence of foot pathologies. This study suggests qualitative differences in foot shape, foot health, radiographic anatomy, and foot pathologies when comparing free-ranging and zoo giraffe. Further research is needed to identify why these differences occur and whether husbandry modifications could help improve zoo giraffe foot health and prevent associated lameness., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
- Published
- 2021
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44. Whole-genome analysis of giraffe supports four distinct species.
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Coimbra RTF, Winter S, Kumar V, Koepfli KP, Gooley RM, Dobrynin P, Fennessy J, and Janke A
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- Animals, Gene Flow, Male, Species Specificity, Genome genetics, Genomics, Giraffes classification, Giraffes genetics, Phylogeny
- Abstract
Species is the fundamental taxonomic unit in biology and its delimitation has implications for conservation. In giraffe (Giraffa spp.), multiple taxonomic classifications have been proposed since the early 1900s.
1 However, one species with nine subspecies has been generally accepted,2 likely due to limited in-depth assessments, subspecies hybridizing in captivity,3 , 4 and anecdotal reports of hybrids in the wild.5 Giraffe taxonomy received new attention after population genetic studies using traditional genetic markers suggested at least four species.6 , 7 This view has been met with controversy,8 setting the stage for debate.9 , 10 Genomics is significantly enhancing our understanding of biodiversity and speciation relative to traditional genetic approaches and thus has important implications for species delineation and conservation.11 We present a high-quality de novo genome assembly of the critically endangered Kordofan giraffe (G. camelopardalis antiquorum)12 and a comprehensive whole-genome analysis of 50 giraffe representing all traditionally recognized subspecies. Population structure and phylogenomic analyses support four separately evolving giraffe lineages, which diverged 230-370 ka ago. These lineages underwent distinct demographic histories and show different levels of heterozygosity and inbreeding. Our results strengthen previous findings of limited gene flow and admixture among putative giraffe species6 , 7 , 9 and establish a genomic foundation for recognizing four species and seven subspecies, the latter of which should be considered as evolutionary significant units. Achieving a consensus over the number of species and subspecies in giraffe is essential for adequately assessing their threat level and will improve conservation efforts for these iconic taxa., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2021
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45. The Utility of Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Detecting Unstable Cervical Spine Injuries in the Neurologically Intact Traumatized Patient Following Negative Computed Tomography Imaging.
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Fennessy J, Wick J, Scott F, Roberto R, Javidan Y, and Klineberg E
- Abstract
Background: Neurologically intact blunt trauma patients with persistent neck pain and negative computed tomography (CT) imaging frequently undergo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for evaluation of occult cervical spine injury. There is a paucity of data to support or refute this practice. This study was therefore performed to evaluate the utility of cervical spine MRI in neurologically intact blunt trauma patients with negative CT imaging., Methods: A retrospective review was performed of all neurologically intact blunt trauma patients presenting to a level 1 trauma center from 2005 to 2015 with persistent neck pain and negative CT imaging. The proportion of patients with positive MRI findings, subsequent treatment, and time required to obtain MRI results was evaluated., Results: Of 223 patients meeting inclusion criteria, 11 had positive MRI findings; however, no patients were found to have unstable injuries requiring surgical treatment. The process for a complete evaluation of unstable cervical spine injury from the time of obtaining a CT scan was 19 hours and 43 minutes., Conclusions: Eleven patients had positive MRI findings, yet these findings did not alter treatment. In contrast, the time required to obtain MRI results may substantially delay patient care., Level of Evidence: IV (retrospective case series) CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Our results demonstrate that MRI has limited utility in neurologically intact blunt trauma patients with negative CT imaging., (This manuscript is generously published free of charge by ISASS, the International Society for the Advancement of Spine Surgery. Copyright © 2020 ISASS.)
- Published
- 2020
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46. Camera settings and biome influence the accuracy of citizen science approaches to camera trap image classification.
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Egna N, O'Connor D, Stacy-Dawes J, Tobler MW, Pilfold N, Neilson K, Simmons B, Davis EO, Bowler M, Fennessy J, Glikman JA, Larpei L, Lekalgitele J, Lekupanai R, Lekushan J, Lemingani L, Lemirgishan J, Lenaipa D, Lenyakopiro J, Lesipiti RL, Lororua M, Muneza A, Rabhayo S, Ole Ranah SM, Ruppert K, and Owen M
- Abstract
Scientists are increasingly using volunteer efforts of citizen scientists to classify images captured by motion-activated trail cameras. The rising popularity of citizen science reflects its potential to engage the public in conservation science and accelerate processing of the large volume of images generated by trail cameras. While image classification accuracy by citizen scientists can vary across species, the influence of other factors on accuracy is poorly understood. Inaccuracy diminishes the value of citizen science derived data and prompts the need for specific best-practice protocols to decrease error. We compare the accuracy between three programs that use crowdsourced citizen scientists to process images online: Snapshot Serengeti, Wildwatch Kenya, and AmazonCam Tambopata. We hypothesized that habitat type and camera settings would influence accuracy. To evaluate these factors, each photograph was circulated to multiple volunteers. All volunteer classifications were aggregated to a single best answer for each photograph using a plurality algorithm. Subsequently, a subset of these images underwent expert review and were compared to the citizen scientist results. Classification errors were categorized by the nature of the error (e.g., false species or false empty), and reason for the false classification (e.g., misidentification). Our results show that Snapshot Serengeti had the highest accuracy (97.9%), followed by AmazonCam Tambopata (93.5%), then Wildwatch Kenya (83.4%). Error type was influenced by habitat, with false empty images more prevalent in open-grassy habitat (27%) compared to woodlands (10%). For medium to large animal surveys across all habitat types, our results suggest that to significantly improve accuracy in crowdsourced projects, researchers should use a trail camera set up protocol with a burst of three consecutive photographs, a short field of view, and determine camera sensitivity settings based on in situ testing. Accuracy level comparisons such as this study can improve reliability of future citizen science projects, and subsequently encourage the increased use of such data., Competing Interests: We have no conflicts of interest to report for this manuscript., (© 2020 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2020
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47. Intensity of giraffe locomotor activity is shaped by solar and lunar zeitgebers.
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Hart EE, Fennessy J, Hauenstein S, and Ciuti S
- Subjects
- Animals, Circadian Rhythm, Darkness, Locomotion, Predatory Behavior, Giraffes
- Abstract
Natural cycles of light and darkness shift the balance of risks and gains for animals across space and time. Entrainment to photic cycles allows animals to spatiotemporally adapt their behavioural and physiological processes in line with interplaying ecological factors, such as temperature, foraging efficiency and predation risk. Until recently, our understanding of these chronobiological processes was limited by the difficulties of 24 h observations. Technological advances in GPS biotelemetry however are now allowing us unprecedented access to long-term, fine-scale activity data. Here we use data derived from frontline technology to present the first large-scale investigation into the effects of natural fluctuations of light and darkness on the locomotor activity patterns of a threatened African mega-herbivore, the giraffe (Giraffa spp.). Using data from a remote population of Angolan giraffe (G. g. angolensis) in the northern Namib Desert, Namibia, we reveal the first full picture of giraffe chronobiology in a landscape of fear. Furthermore, we present clear evidence of the effect of moonlight on the nocturnal activity patterns of large ungulates. Our results are in line with recent research demonstrating that, rather than a fixed internal representation of time (circadian clock), many surface-dwelling ungulates have plastic activity patterns that are vulnerable to modification by external factors including light and temperature. Relatedly, we highlight important conservation management implications of rising temperatures and increasing light pollution on the chronobiology of surface-dwelling mammals., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2020
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48. Effects of body size on estimation of mammalian area requirements.
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Noonan MJ, Fleming CH, Tucker MA, Kays R, Harrison AL, Crofoot MC, Abrahms B, Alberts SC, Ali AH, Altmann J, Antunes PC, Attias N, Belant JL, Beyer DE Jr, Bidner LR, Blaum N, Boone RB, Caillaud D, de Paula RC, de la Torre JA, Dekker J, DePerno CS, Farhadinia M, Fennessy J, Fichtel C, Fischer C, Ford A, Goheen JR, Havmøller RW, Hirsch BT, Hurtado C, Isbell LA, Janssen R, Jeltsch F, Kaczensky P, Kaneko Y, Kappeler P, Katna A, Kauffman M, Koch F, Kulkarni A, LaPoint S, Leimgruber P, Macdonald DW, Markham AC, McMahon L, Mertes K, Moorman CE, Morato RG, Moßbrucker AM, Mourão G, O'Connor D, Oliveira-Santos LGR, Pastorini J, Patterson BD, Rachlow J, Ranglack DH, Reid N, Scantlebury DM, Scott DM, Selva N, Sergiel A, Songer M, Songsasen N, Stabach JA, Stacy-Dawes J, Swingen MB, Thompson JJ, Ullmann W, Vanak AT, Thaker M, Wilson JW, Yamazaki K, Yarnell RW, Zieba F, Zwijacz-Kozica T, Fagan WF, Mueller T, and Calabrese JM
- Subjects
- Animals, Body Size, Endangered Species, Homing Behavior, Humans, Conservation of Natural Resources, Mammals
- Abstract
Accurately quantifying species' area requirements is a prerequisite for effective area-based conservation. This typically involves collecting tracking data on species of interest and then conducting home-range analyses. Problematically, autocorrelation in tracking data can result in space needs being severely underestimated. Based on the previous work, we hypothesized the magnitude of underestimation varies with body mass, a relationship that could have serious conservation implications. To evaluate this hypothesis for terrestrial mammals, we estimated home-range areas with global positioning system (GPS) locations from 757 individuals across 61 globally distributed mammalian species with body masses ranging from 0.4 to 4000 kg. We then applied block cross-validation to quantify bias in empirical home-range estimates. Area requirements of mammals <10 kg were underestimated by a mean approximately15%, and species weighing approximately100 kg were underestimated by approximately50% on average. Thus, we found area estimation was subject to autocorrelation-induced bias that was worse for large species. Combined with the fact that extinction risk increases as body mass increases, the allometric scaling of bias we observed suggests the most threatened species are also likely to be those with the least accurate home-range estimates. As a correction, we tested whether data thinning or autocorrelation-informed home-range estimation minimized the scaling effect of autocorrelation on area estimates. Data thinning required an approximately93% data loss to achieve statistical independence with 95% confidence and was, therefore, not a viable solution. In contrast, autocorrelation-informed home-range estimation resulted in consistently accurate estimates irrespective of mass. When relating body mass to home range size, we detected that correcting for autocorrelation resulted in a scaling exponent significantly >1, meaning the scaling of the relationship changed substantially at the upper end of the mass spectrum., (© 2020 The Authors. Conservation Biology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society for Conservation Biology.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Nightly selection of resting sites and group behavior reveal antipredator strategies in giraffe.
- Author
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Burger AL, Fennessy J, Fennessy S, and Dierkes PW
- Abstract
This study presents the first findings on nocturnal behavior patterns of wild Angolan giraffe. We characterized their nocturnal behavior and analyzed the influence of ecological factors such as group size, season, and habitat use. Giraffe were observed using night vision systems and thermal imaging cameras on Okapuka Ranch, Namibia. A total of 77 giraffe were observed during 24 nights over two distinct periods-July-August 2016 (dry season) and February-March 2017 (wet season). Photoperiod had a marked influence on their activity and moving behavior. At dusk, giraffe reduced the time spent moving and increasingly lay down and slept at the onset of darkness. Body postures that likely correspond to rapid eye movement (REM) sleep posture (RSP) were observed 15.8 ± 18.3 min after giraffe sat down. Season had a significant effect with longer RSP phases during the dry season (dry: 155.2 ± 191.1 s, n = 79; wet: 85.8 ± 94.9 s, n = 73). Further analyses of the influence of social behavior patterns did not show an effect of group size on RSP lengths. When a group of giraffe spent time at a specific resting site, several individuals were alert (vigilant) while other group members sat down or took up RSP. Simultaneous RSP events within a group were rarely observed. Resting sites were characterized by single trees or sparse bushes on open areas allowing for good visibility in a relatively sheltered location., Competing Interests: None declared., (© 2020 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Population structure and spatial ecology of Kordofan giraffe in Garamba National Park, Democratic Republic of Congo.
- Author
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D'haen M, Fennessy J, Stabach JA, and Brandlová K
- Abstract
Population numbers of Kordofan giraffe ( Giraffa camelopardalis antiquorum ) have declined throughout its range by more than 85% in the last three decades, including in the isolated easternmost population found in the Garamba National Park (NP) in the Democratic Republic of Congo.We provide new data on the conservation status and ecology of Kordofan giraffe in Garamba NP, specifically on the current population dynamics, distribution patterns, and spatial ecology for informed conservation management decisions.Data were gathered between September 26, 2016, and August 17, 2017, through direct observation and from eight GPS satellite collars deployed in early 2016. Movements, distribution patterns, and autocorrelated kernel density home ranges were estimated using the Continuous-Time Movement Modeling (CTMM) framework. We then compared results with home ranges calculated using the kernel density estimation (95% KDE) method.The Garamba NP population was estimated to be 45 giraffe with a female-dominated sex ratio (35% males; 65% females), and adult-dominated age class ratio (11.2% juveniles; 17.7% subadults; 71.1% adults). The giraffe's distribution was limited to the south-central sector of the Park, and giraffe were divided over different areas with some degree of connectivity. The average giraffe home range size was 934.3 km
2 using AKDE and 268.8 km2 using KDE. Both methods have shown surprisingly large home ranges despite of the relatively high humidity of Garamba NP.Based on the outcomes of this research, urgent conservation action is needed to protect Garamba's remaining giraffe population., Competing Interests: None declared., (© 2019 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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