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In recent years, the efficacy of nano-drugs has not been significantly better than that of the drugs themselves, mainly because nano-drugs enter the tumor vasculature, stay near the blood vessels, and cannot enter the tumor tissues or tumor cells to complete the drug delivery process. Although intratumor injection can significantly decrease this risk, the side effects are strong. The advent of drug delivery carrier materials offers an opportunity to avoid the side effects of systemic drug delivery and the damage caused by tumor resection, holding great promise for the future of cancer therapy. Here, we systematically review recent research advances in the classification of drug delivery carrier materials and the delivery process in drug delivery systems. This review is divided into several main sections, first, we summarize the classification of tumor drug carrier materials, including drug delivery vectors and gene delivery vectors

The yolk-shell Co3O4@Fe3O4/C nanocomposites with Co3O4 as the core, Fe3O4/C as the shell, and a cavity structure were synthesized by the hard template method. The physical and chemical properties of the composites were characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, TGA, XPS, BET, and VSM. The specific surface area of yolk-shell Co3O4@Fe3O4/C nanocomposites is 175.9 m2 g-1, showing superparamagnetic properties. The yolk-shell Co3O4@Fe3O4/C nanocomposites were used as heterogeneous Fenton catalysts to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to degrade MB, which showed high catalytic degradation performance. The degradation rate of MB reached 100% within 30 min under the circumstances of the yolk-shell Co3O4@Fe3O4/C nanocomposites dosage of 0.1 g L-1, the PMS dosage of 1.0 g L-1, the initial MB concentration of 100 mg L-1, an initial pH of 5.5, and a temperature of 30±2 ℃. The enhanced catalytic performance of the yolk-shell Co3O4@Fe3O4/C nanocomposites can be attributed to the synergistic effect of the two catalytically active materials and the middle cavity. The effects of different operating parameters and co-existing anion species on MB degradation were also investigated. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis and quenching experiments confirmed that the formation of SO₄̇⁻ in the yolk-shell Co3O4@Fe3O4/C/PMS system contributes to MB degradation. In addition, yolk-shell Co3O4@Fe3O4/C nanocomposites can be easily separated from the pollutant solution under the action of an external magnetic field, and the degradation rate of MB can still reach 98% after five cycles, indicating that it has good stability and reusability and has broad application prospects in the field of water purification.

The three-dimensional colloidal crystal materials have unique optical properties and spatial structure due to their ordered arrangement and have great potential to prepare three-dimensionally ordered microporous (3DOM) materials. This review outlines various methods for preparing three-dimensional colloidal crystals (3DCCs). The preparation methods of commonly used colloidal particles are introduced in detail, and the effects of different parameters on the assembly of 3DCCs are discussed. On this basis, using the colloidal crystal template (CCT) method to prepare 3DOM materials. After that, the common stacking methods and defects of 3DCCs were analyzed. The latter part of this review discusses the main applications of 3DCCs, namely optical materials, adsorption materials, sensors, porous electrode materials, inverse colloidal crystal (ICC) scaffolds, and other popular applications in recent years.

Injectable hydrogels are increasingly popular among researchers because of their in situ formability, in situ drug delivery, high targeting, and the ability to allow uniform incorporation of therapeutic molecules and/or cells without the need for surgery. At the same time, injectable hydrogels have good biocompatibility and biodegradability, resulting in fewer side effects. As a result, they have been used widely in biomedical applications such as tissue engineering and drug delivery. This review summarizes the current state of research in injectable hydrogels, highlights the synthesis of injectable hydrogels and their applications in the biomedical field, and provides some insights into the future development of injectable hydrogels.

The unintended leakage of endocrine-disrupting bisphenol A (BPA) from different industries into the aquatic environment has posed a severe threat to aquatic lives and human health. Herein, we explored a hydrothermal method to synthesize superparamagnetic β-cyclodextrin-cobalt ferrite (β-CD-CoFe2O4) catalyst for the selective capturing and efficient degradation of BPA through heterogeneous activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS). The as-prepared catalysts were systematically characterized through multi-techniques to explore the relationship between their catalytic performance and material properties. Results showed that, in β-CD-CoFe2O4/PMS system, the degradation rate of BPA reached 99.23% in 60 min with a rate constant of 0.0708 min−1, approximately 16.09 times than CoFe2O4/PMS system (0.0044 min−1). Specifically, the large surface area and availability of more reactive sites of β-CD-CoFe2O4 boosted the activation process of PMS compared to pristine CoFe2O4, thus enhancing the degradation of BPA. Meanwhile, the effect of different operational parameters and co-existing anions on BPA degradation were also investigated. The generation of free radicals ( S O 4 ∙ - , ∙ O H , O 2 ∙ - , a n d 1 O 2 ) in the β-CD-CoFe2O4/PMS system liable for reducing BPA was corroborated through electron paramagnetic resonance analysis and quenching experiments. The possible degradation pathways of BPA were proposed based on the identification of reaction intermediates formed during the mineralization process. In brief, the findings of this study suggested that β-CD-CoFe2O4 is an efficient and environmentally friendly catalyst that facilitated the degradation of BPA through PMS activation. Moreover, the excellent magnetic separation, stability, and reusability of the β-CD-CoFe2O4 catalyst make them promising candidates for their water purification applications.