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Percutaneous computed tomography (CT)-guided transthoracic needle biopsy (TTNB) is a valuable procedure for obtaining tissue or cells for diagnosis, which is especially indispensable in thoracic oncology. Pneumothorax and hemoptysis are the most common complications of percutaneous needle biopsy of the lung. According to reports published over the past decades, pneumothorax incidence in patients who underwent TTNB greatly varies. The morbidity of pneumothorax after CT-guided TTNB depends on several factors, including size and depth of lesions, emphysema, the number of pleural surfaces and fissure crossed, etc. Attention to biopsy planning and technique and post-biopsy precautions help to prevent or minimize potential complications. Many measures can be taken to help prevent the progression of a pneumothorax, which in turn might reduce the number of pneumothoraces requiring chest tube placement. A multitude of therapeutic options is available for the treatment of pneumothorax, varying from observation and oxygen treatment, simple manual aspiration, to chest tube placement. When a pneumothorax develops during the biopsy procedure, it can be manually aspirated after the needle is retracted back into the pleural space or by inserting a separate needle into the pleural space. Biopsy side down positioning of the patient after biopsy significantly reduces the incidence of pneumothorax and the requirement of chest tube placement. Aspiration in biopsy side down position is also recommended for treating pneumothorax when simple manual aspiration is unsuccessful or delayed pneumothorax occurred. Chest tube placement is an important treatment strategy for patients with a large or symptomatic pneumothorax. Clinicians are encouraged to understand the development, prevention, and treatment of pneumothorax. Efforts should be made to reduce the incidence of pneumothorax in biopsy planning and post-biopsy precautions. When pneumothorax occurs, appropriate treatment should be adopted to reduce the risk of worsening pneumothorax.

Objective: To observe the intervention effects of different concentrations of dexamethasone on the general situation and pulmonary histology of chronic asthma rats, and to explore the suitable intragastric dose of dexamethasone in the rat model of chronic asthma. Methods: 75 healthy male Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into normal group, M group, dexamethasone low dose, middle dose and high dose group by random number table. The rat model of chronic asthma was established by sensitization and challenge of ovalbumin(OVA). From the 20th day of the experiment, dexamethasone groups were given intragastric administration of 0.0625mg/ (kg ·d), 0.125mg/ (kg ·d) and 0.5mg/ (kg ·d), respectively. The general situation of rats was observed and recorded. The histological changes of rat lungs were observed by HE staining and Masson staining. Results: The degree of inflammatory infiltration of bronchus and surrounding tissue in the M group was significantly higher than that in the normal group (P < 0.01). The thickness of airway wall and smooth muscle and the deposition of airway collagen in the M group were significantly higher than those in the normal group (P < 0.01). After one week of intervention, the average daily food intake and body mass of rats in the high dose group were significantly lower than those in the M group (P < 0.01), and the increase in body mass in the middle and low dose groups was significantly slower than that in the M group (P < 0.01). After 2 weeks of intervention, the average daily food intake of rats in the middle and low dose groups was significantly lower than that in the M group (P < 0.01). After 4 weeks of intervention, the average daily food intake in the middle and low dose groups was significantly lower than that in the low dose group (P < 0.01). The inflammatory infiltration of lung tissue in the middle and low dose groups was significantly less than that in the model group, and the thickness of airway wall and smooth muscle and the deposition of airway collagen in the middle and low dose groups were significantly lower than those in the model group (P < 0.01). There was no difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). A large number of rats in the high dose group died after 5 times of intervention. Three rats died in the DEXM group at the 5th week of intervention, and there was no death in the other group. Conclusion: Both middle and low doses of dexamethasone can be used as the positive control dose in the experiment of chronic asthmatic rats, but the late side effects of low dose of dexamethasone are less, so the low dose of dexamethasone may be a safer and more suitable dose for the experiment of chronic asthmatic rats.

To determine the influence of puncture site on aspiration in dealing with pneumothorax following CT-guided lung biopsy. Two hundred thirty-six pneumothorax patients after CT guided lung biopsies were retrospective analyzed from January 2013 to December 2018. Patients with minor asymptomatic pneumothorax were treated conservatively with monitoring of vital signs and follow-up CT to confirm stability. Ninety of the 236 pneumothorax patients, who underwent manual aspiration, were included in this analysis. In first manual aspiration, the needle from the lesion was retracted back into the pleural space after biopsy, and then aspiration treatment was performed. If the treatment is of unsatisfied result, a second attempt aspiration treatment, which puncture site away from initial biopsy one, was conducted. The efficacy of simple manual aspiration and the new method, changing puncture site for re-aspiration was observed. Immediate success was obtained in 62 out of the 90 patients in the first attempt. The effective rate and failure rate were 68.9% (62/90) and 31.1% (28/90), respectively. Twenty-eight patients in whom first attempt simple aspiration were unsuccessful underwent a second attempt aspiration, which puncture site away from initial biopsy one, was successful in 13 patients with 15 patients undergoing chest tube placement. The effective rate and failure rate were 46.4% (13/28) and 53.6% (15/28), respectively. Applying the modified procedure, total effective rate of aspiration elevated significantly from 68.9% (62/90) to 83.3% (75/90) (P