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Context In China, HUANGQI is widely used for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, a comprehensive understanding of its mechanism of anti-AD effects is lacking.Objective To explore the active ingredients of HUANGQI and its potential targets and mechanisms of action in AD.Materials and methods The active ingredients and targets of HUANGQI were screened from databases (TCSMP, ETCM, and BATMan), and AD-related genes were obtained from DrugBank and GeneCards. The same target genes were screened, and a drug-target disease network was constructed. The PPI network was constructed and GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses of the targets. The Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to determine suitable HUANGQI treatment concentrations for HT-22 cells between 0-480 μg/mL. CCK-8, FITC-phalloidin and propidium iodide (PI) assays were used to examine the protective effect of (0, 60, 120, 240 μg/mL) of HUANGQI on 20 μM Aβ1-42-induced HT-22 cell cytotoxicity.Results Twelve active ingredients of HUANGQI were selected, with 679 common targets associated with AD. GO and KEGG analysis revealed that the therapeutic mechanisms of HUANGQI involve TNF, AGE, the NF-κB pathway, and nuclear receptor activity-related processes. The CCK-8 assay indicated that HUANGQI was not cytotoxic to HT-22 cells at concentrations less than 240 μg/mL and was able to attenuate Aβ1-42-induced cellular damage (EC50 = 83.46 μg/mL). FITC-phalloidin and PI assays suggested that HUANGQI could alleviate 20 μM Aβ1-42-induced neuronal cell cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusion HUANGQI has a protective effect on Aβ1-42-induced nerve cell injury; further mechanism research was needed.

Purpose – This paper aims to examine the influence of the interplay between servant leadership behaviors and Machiavellianism on leader effectiveness. Design/methodology/approach – Drawing on trait activation theory and motivation to lead theory, the authors hypothesize that the effect of servant leadership behaviors on perceived leadership effectiveness is manifested differently in teams with high-Machiavellian vs. low-Machiavellian leaders. In teams with low-Machiavellian leaders, servant leadership behaviors are expected to be associated with a cooperative way of handling team conflicts, which enhances employees' leader effectiveness ratings. In contrast, in teams with high-Machiavellian leaders, this mediation role vanishes due to the incongruency between Machiavellian traits and the cooperative context. The authors conducted a two-wave survey-based study and tested the hypotheses with a matched supervisor-employee sample from 310 employees and their leaders in 91 teams. Findings – The results showed that servant leadership behaviors positively impact leadership effectiveness and that this effect takes place through cooperative team conflict management (TCM) without controlling for leaders' Machiavellian trait. Further analysis shows this mediation mechanism is only strong and significant in teams led by low-Machiavellian leaders, but not high-Machiavellian leaders. Originality/value – To the authors’ best knowledge, this is the first study that examines the interplay of servant leadership behaviors and Machiavellianism on perceived leader effectiveness. 研究目的 – 本文旨在探討僕人式領導行為與馬基雅維利主義之間的相互作用會如何影響領導效能。 研究設計/方法/理念 – 我們根據特質激活理論和領導動機理論、建立了一個假設，這個假設就是： 僕人式領導行為對感知的領導效能所產生並顯示出來的影響、是會視乎團隊是高/強馬基雅維利主義，還是低/弱馬基雅維利主義而有所分別的。若團隊的領導者是低/弱馬基雅維利主義的話，僕人式領導行為大概會與使用合作的方式去處理團隊衝突有相互之關聯，這會提高僱員對領導效能的評分。與此相反，若團隊的領導者是高/強馬基雅維利主義的話，這調節作用和角色將會因馬基雅維利主義的特質與合作的環境之間存在著不協調而消失。我們進行了一個兩波的、以及基於調查的研究，在這研究中，我們利用管理者和員工相應的樣本來測試各個假設;這些樣本包括91個團隊內的310名員工及其領導者。 研究結果 – 研究結果顯示、僕人式領導行為對領導效能會產生積極的影響，而這影響是透過以合作方式管理團隊衝突而產生的，亦沒有對領導者的馬基雅維利主義特質加以管控。我們進一步的分析顯示、這調節機制只會在由低/弱馬基雅維利主義的領導者領導的團隊內顯得強烈和顯著，但若領導者是高/強馬基雅維利主義的話，情況就不一樣了。 研究的原創性 – 盡我們所知，本研究為首個研究、去探討僕人式領導行為與馬基雅維利主義之間的相互作用會如何影響感知的領導效能。

Background Patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) often develop a poor prognosis. Currently, researches on prognostic and immunotherapeutic capacity of aneuploidy-related genes in LUAD are limited. Methods Genes related to aneuploidy were screened based on bulk RNA sequencing data from public databases using Spearman method. Next, univariate Cox and Lasso regression analyses were performed to establish an aneuploidy-related riskscore (ARS) model. Results derived from bioinformatics analysis were further validated using cellular experiments. In addition, typical LUAD cells were identified by subtype clustering, followed by SCENIC and intercellular communication analyses. Finally, ESTIMATE, ssGSEA and CIBERSORT algorithms were employed to analyze the potential relationship between ARS and tumor immune environment. Results A five-gene ARS signature was developed. These genes were abnormally high-expressed in LUAD cell lines, and in particular the high expression of CKS1B promoted the proliferative, migratory and invasive phenotypes of LUAD cell lines. Low ARS group had longer overall survival time, higher degrees of inflammatory infiltration, and could benefit more from receiving immunotherapy. Patients in low ASR group responded more actively to traditional chemotherapy drugs (Erlotinib and Roscovitine). The scRNA-seq analysis annotated 17 cell subpopulations into seven cell clusters. Core transcription factors (TFs) such as CREB3L1 and CEBPD were enriched in high ARS cell group, while TFs such as BCLAF1 and UQCRB were enriched in low ARS cell group. CellChat analysis revealed that high ARS cell groups communicated with immune cells via SPP1 (ITGA4-ITGB1) and MK (MDK-NCl) signaling pathways. Conclusion In this research, integrative analysis based on the ARS model provided a potential direction for improving the diagnosis and treatment of LUAD.

BackgroundAngiogenesis plays a pivotal role in colorectal cancer (CRC), yet its underlying mechanisms demand further exploration. This study aimed to elucidate the significance of angiogenesis-related genes (ARGs) in CRC through comprehensive multi-omics analysis.MethodsCRC patients were categorized according to ARGs expression to form angiogenesis-related clusters (ARCs). We investigated the correlation between ARCs and patient survival, clinical features, consensus molecular subtypes (CMS), cancer stem cell (CSC) index, tumor microenvironment (TME), gene mutations, and response to immunotherapy. Utilizing three machine learning algorithms (LASSO, Xgboost, and Decision Tree), we screen key ARGs associated with ARCs, further validated in independent cohorts. A prognostic signature based on key ARGs was developed and analyzed at the scRNA-seq level. Validation of gene expression in external cohorts, clinical tissues, and blood samples was conducted via RT-PCR assay.ResultsTwo distinct ARC subtypes were identified and were significantly associated with patient survival, clinical features, CMS, CSC index, and TME, but not with gene mutations. Four genes (S100A4, COL3A1, TIMP1, and APP) were identified as key ARCs, capable of distinguishing ARC subtypes. The prognostic signature based on these genes effectively stratified patients into high- or low-risk categories. scRNA-seq analysis showed that these genes were predominantly expressed in immune cells rather than in cancer cells. Validation in two external cohorts and through clinical samples confirmed significant expression differences between CRC and controls.ConclusionThis study identified two ARG subtypes in CRC and highlighted four key genes associated with these subtypes, offering new insights into personalized CRC treatment strategies.

Introduction: Thromboembolic disease is a complication of many vasculitides. A common observation is that thromboembolic events coincide with the period of vasculitic disease, but the mechanism by which this occurs remains unclear. Inflammatory thrombosis is now recognized as a symptom of arteritis rheumatic, and vasculitides such as Behçet's syndrome (BS), and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) or giant cell arteritis (GCA). This systematic review aimed to explain recent findings related to etiology, pathophysiology, and treatment methods for BS, AAV, and medium/large-vessel vasculitis. Methods: A comprehensive literature search on English sources from PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE, Science Direct, ProQuest, AIM, CINAHIL, and ELDIS databases was used to find the relevant articles and reports. The relevant papers (having full text) were obtained until June 2023. Two independent reviewers screened the titles and abstracts of the obtained articles, and a third arbitrator resolved disputes between the reviewers. Results and conclusion: It is becoming increasingly clear that certain systemic inflammatory diseases, like vasculitis, are linked to a higher risk of both venous and arterial thrombosis. An increased incidence of thromboembolic disease in AAV has been noted, particularly during times of active disease. Growing evidence supports the use of immunosuppression in the management of venous thrombosis in vasculitis. These patients also have a higher risk of developing ischemic disease.

BackgroundAccompanied by a rapid and effective antidepressant effect, electroconvulsive shock (ECS) can also induce learning and memory impairment. Our previous research reported that metaplasticity is involved in this process. However, the mechanisms still remain unclear. This study investigated the role of Ih current in the metaplastic changes and learning and memory impairment induced by ECS in depressive rats.MethodsDepressive rats received ECS after modelling using chronic unpredictable. ZD7288, a type of Ih current inhibitor was used to verify the effect of Ih current. The sucrose preference test and Morris water maze were used for behavior testing. Changes in metaplasticity was assessed with the LTD/LTP threshold by stimulation at different frequencies. Spontaneous and evoked action potentials (APs) were measured to confirm difference of neuronal excitability. Additionally, the amplitude of Ih current was analyzed.ResultsECS exerts antidepressant effect, but also induce spatial learning and memory dysfunction. ECS up-regulates the LTD/LTP threshold. In rats treated with ECS, the frequency of spontaneous and evoked APs is significantly reduced. In addition, ECS induces changes in the intrinsic properties of AP, including a decrease of AP-half width and peak amplitude, and an increase in AP time to peak and post-hyperpolarization potential amplitude. In particular, ECS increases both instantaneous and steady-state Ih currents. However, Inhibition of Ih current with ZD7288 results in a relief of learning and memory impairment and a decrease in threshold, as well as a significant reversal of whole-cell electrophysiological changes.ConclusionECS-induced learning and memory impairment is caused by neuronal hypoexcitability mediated metaplasticity, and upregulation of LTD/LTP threshold by an increase in Ih current.

Pulmonary blastoma (PB) is a rare, highly malignant tumor prone to distant metastasis and recurrence, and the prognosis of these patients is often poor. We report a case of metastatic PB with a good prognosis with the aim of providing data to support a clinical diagnosis and treatment. In December 2015, a 43-year-old male patient was admitted to our hospital because of a cough and blood-stained sputum. Positron emission-computed tomography showed massive high-density imaging in the lower lobe of the right lung, with a maximum cross-section of 76 × 58 mm. Thoracoscopic-assisted right lower lobectomy with lymph node dissection was performed. After 1 month, computed tomography showed a high possibility of metastasis. The patient then received docetaxel and cisplatin chemotherapy for a total of six courses. After chemotherapy, enhanced computed tomography showed considerable absorption of pleural effusion, and a left lobe pulmonary nodule was not detected. The postoperative pathological diagnosis was PB, and epithelial and mesenchymal differentiation components were observed. The patient continued to visit the hospital regularly for re-examination and imaging examinations. Currently, no signs of recurrence or distant metastasis have been detected.

Abstract Nanomedicine has reshaped the landscape of cancer treatment. However, its efficacy is still hampered by innate tumor defense systems that rely on adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for fuel, including damage repair, apoptosis resistance, and immune evasion. Inspired by the naturally enzymatic reaction of glucose oxidase (GOx) with glucose, here a novel “two birds with one stone” technique for amplifying enzyme‐mediated tumor apoptosis and enzyme‐promoted metabolic clearance is proposed and achieved using GOx‐functionalized rhenium nanoclusters‐doped polypyrrole (Re@ReP‐G). Re@ReP‐G reduces ATP production while increasing H2O2 concentrations in the tumor microenvironment through GOx‐induced enzymatic oxidation, which in turn results in the downregulation of defense (HSP70 and HSP90) and anti‐apoptotic Bcl‐2 proteins, the upregulation of pro‐apoptotic Bax, and the release of cytochrome c. These processes are further facilitated by laser‐induced hyperthermia effect, ultimately leading to severe tumor apoptosis. As an enzymatic byproduct, H2O2 catalyzes the conversion of rhenium nanoclusters in Re@ReP‐G nanostructures into rhenate from the outside in, which accelerates their metabolic clearance in vivo. This Re@ReP‐G‐based “two birds with one stone” therapeutic strategy provides an effective tool for amplifying tumor apoptosis and safe metabolic mechanisms.

Abstract Background In the healthcare domain today, despite the substantial adoption of electronic health information systems, a significant proportion of medical reports still exist in paper-based formats. As a result, there is a significant demand for the digitization of information from these paper-based reports. However, the digitization of paper-based laboratory reports into a structured data format can be challenging due to their non-standard layouts, which includes various data types such as text, numeric values, reference ranges, and units. Therefore, it is crucial to develop a highly scalable and lightweight technique that can effectively identify and extract information from laboratory test reports and convert them into a structured data format for downstream tasks. Methods We developed an end-to-end Natural Language Processing (NLP)-based pipeline for extracting information from paper-based laboratory test reports. Our pipeline consists of two main modules: an optical character recognition (OCR) module and an information extraction (IE) module. The OCR module is applied to locate and identify text from scanned laboratory test reports using state-of-the-art OCR algorithms. The IE module is then used to extract meaningful information from the OCR results to form digitalized tables of the test reports. The IE module consists of five sub-modules, which are time detection, headline position, line normalization, Named Entity Recognition (NER) with a Conditional Random Fields (CRF)-based method, and step detection for multi-column. Finally, we evaluated the performance of the proposed pipeline on 153 laboratory test reports collected from Peking University First Hospital (PKU1). Results In the OCR module, we evaluate the accuracy of text detection and recognition results at three different levels and achieved an averaged accuracy of 0.93. In the IE module, we extracted four laboratory test entities, including test item name, test result, test unit, and reference value range. The overall F1 score is 0.86 on the 153 laboratory test reports collected from PKU1. With a single CPU, the average inference time of each report is only 0.78 s. Conclusion In this study, we developed a practical lightweight pipeline to digitalize and extract information from paper-based laboratory test reports in diverse types and with different layouts that can be adopted in real clinical environments with the lowest possible computing resources requirements. The high evaluation performance on the real-world hospital dataset validated the feasibility of the proposed pipeline.

Different methods were used to degrade Tremella fuciformis polysaccharides (TFP) and prepare low molecular weight polysaccharides of Tremella fuciformis (TFLP) to improve their bioavailability. It was found that the TFLP prepared by ultrasonic-assisted H2O2-Vc method showed the highest level of antioxidant activity and stress resistance in C. elegans. The structural characteristics, in vivo antioxidant and stress resistance of TFLP-1 were evaluated after isolation and purification of TFLP, it was found that TFLP-1 was an acid polysaccharide with a molecular weight of 75770 Da, which mainly composed of mannose. Meanwhile, it could regulate the antioxidant activity and stress resistance in C. elegans by upregulating the transcription of fat-5, fat-7, acs-2, glp-1, hsf-1, hsp-1, mtl-1, nhr-49, skn-1 and sod-3 mRNA. The improvement effects were closely related to the significant regulation of galactose metabolism, alpha linolenic acid metabolism, and pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis metabolic pathways. These results provided insights into the high value application of Tremella fuciformis in the food industry and the development of antioxidant related functional foods.

ObjectiveCurrently, a multitude of studies are underway to investigate the factors affecting the degree of frailty, with a significant focus on the critical role of body mass index (BMI). This study aims to conduct a cross-sectional survey to investigate the multifaceted relationship between multiple body habitus and the factors that influence the degree of frailty.MethodsA questionnaire survey was conducted among 840 adult residents in Chongqing communities. A total of 723 participants were included in the data analysis, with an effective response rate of 92.0%. Fried’s frailty scale was used to classify individuals into fit, pre-frail, or frail. Non-parametric tests and chi-square tests were employed to evaluate the inter-group differences in frailty levels under different influencing factors. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to select the independent variables associated with frailty statistics. According to the results of the parallel line test, ordered or disordered multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the impact of a single independent variable on frailty for different variables.ResultsAdult community residents in Chongqing accounted for 29.18 and 5.67% in pre-frailty and frailty, respectively. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, high BMI, and high waist-hip ratio (WHR) were identified as major risk factors for frailty. Furthermore, the process of aging, coupled with moderate to heavy alcohol consumption, active weight loss behavior in the past year, and the presence of comorbidities, emerged as significant contributors to frailty. Conversely, factors such as a positive inclination toward taste, consistent meal timing, habitual breakfast consumption, sound nutritional intake, and the cultivation of healthy dietary practices were recognized as pivotal elements that act as protective factors against frailty.ConclusionThe integration of both BMI and WHR provides a more comprehensive perspective, effectively capturing the intertwined influence of obesity and sarcopenia on the extent of frailty. To mitigate the risk of community-wide frailty, a multipronged approach is essential, involving the promotion of favorable dietary practices and achieving nutritional equilibrium, diligent management of coexisting medical conditions, moderation in alcohol consumption, and the enhancement of physical functionality.

While there are many empirical studies of psychological ownership, there are few that examine the origins of it. Why do people develop feelings of ownership over various entities in their lives? In this investigation we empirically explore the role played by basic psychological needs as motives for the development of job-based psychological ownership. Specifically, we hypothesize that person-job fit is positively related to job-based psychological ownership through three major routes (experienced control, intimate knowing, and/or investment of the self). Further, based on extant theory but not previously studied, we hypothesized that self-identity needs and effectance motivation act as first stage moderators of these mediated relationships. Based on data from 308 employees in China, and employing a time-lagged design, we observed a significant positive relationship between person-job fit and psychological ownership through the three routes. Most of these mediated relationships were moderated by the need for self-identity and effectance motivation, such that the positive effects became stronger as the motivational needs strengthened. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is the most recently discovered gasotransmitter molecule that activates multiple intracellular signaling pathways and exerts concentration-dependent antitumor effect by interfering with mitochondrial respiration and inhibiting cellular ATP generation. Inspired by the fact that H2S can also serve as a promoter for intracellular Ca2+ influx, tumor-specific nanomodulators (I-CaS@PP) have been constructed by encapsulating calcium sulfide (CaS) and indocyanine green (ICG) into methoxy poly (ethylene glycol)-b-poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA-PEG). I-CaS@PP can achieve tumor-specific biodegradability with high biocompatibility and pH-responsive H2S release. The released H2S can effectively suppress the catalase (CAT) activity and synergize with released Ca2+ to facilitate abnormal Ca2+ retention in cells, thus leading to mitochondria destruction and amplification of oxidative stress. Mitochondrial dysfunction further contributes to blocking ATP synthesis and downregulating heat shock proteins (HSPs) expression, which is beneficial to overcome the heat endurance of tumor cells and strengthen ICG-induced photothermal performance. Such a H2S-boosted Ca2+-involved tumor-specific therapy exhibits highly effective tumor inhibition effect with almost complete elimination within 14-day treatment, indicating the great prospect of CaS-based nanomodulators as antitumor therapeutics.

Anchovy, a low-value small marine fish, is mainly processed into fish meal, whose high-value functional components are not fully exploited. In this study, the enzymatically hydrolyzed anchovy (Engraulis japonicus) paste (EHAP) was prepared by hydrolyzing anchovy using Alcalase2.4 L, and the nutrients and antioxidant properties of EHAP were assessed to increase its added value. Protein, total amino acids and oligopeptide of the nutrients in EHAP reached 73.9 ± 0.7%, 56.1 ± 0.8 g/100 g and 50.4 ± 1.6%, respectively. The molecular weight distribution of EHAP displayed a high dipeptides and tripeptides proportion of 60.1 ± 0.4%. Furthermore, EHAP showed the highest antioxidant activities of ferrous ion chelating, lipid peroxidation inhibition and DPPH scavenging activity, reached about 34%, 40% and 49%, respectively. Collectively, the EHAP belonged to a product with strong antioxidant properties, and was rich in nutrients, which could serve as a valuable bioactive marine resource applied in the aquatic feed and functional food industry.

Abstract Based on the problem of insufficient accuracy of the original tiny YOLOv3 algorithm for object detection in a lawn environment, an Optimized tiny YOLOv3 algorithm with less computation and higher accuracy is proposed. Three reasons affect the accuracy of the original tiny YOLOv3 algorithm for detecting objects in a lawn environment. First, the backbone of the original algorithm is composed of a stack of a single convolutional layer and a max-pooling layer, which results in insufficient ability to extract feature information of objects. An enhancement module is proposed to enhance the feature extraction capability of the shallow layers of the network. Second, the information of the shallow convolutional layers of the backbone is not fully used, which results in insufficient detection capability for small objects. Third, the deep part of the backbone uses a convolutional layer with an excessive number of channels, which results in a large amount of computation. A multi-resolution fusion module is proposed to enhance the information interaction capability of the deep and shallow layers of the network, and reduce the computation. To verify the accuracy of this Optimized tiny YOLOv3 algorithm, the algorithm was tested on the dataset containing trunk, spherical tree and person, and compared with the current research. The results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper improves the detection accuracy while reducing the calculation.

Abstract The regulation of tumor immunosuppressive microenvironments via precise drug delivery is a promising strategy for preventing tumor recurrence and metastasis. Inspired by the stealth strategy, a stealthy nanovehicle based on neutrophil camouflage is developed to achieve precise delivery and tumor immunotherapy by triggering pyroptosis. The nanovehicle comprises anti‐CD11b‐ and IR820‐conjugated bovine serum albumin nanoparticles loaded with decitabine. Camouflaged by neutrophils, the nanovehicles achieve efficient tumor delivery by neutrophil hitchhiking owing to the biotropism of neutrophils for tumors. The fluorescent signal molecule, IR820, on the nanovehicle acts as a navigation monitor to track the precise delivery of the nanovehicle. The released decitabine upregulates gasdermin E, and laser irradiation activates caspase‐3, thereby resulting in pyroptosis, which improves the system's adaptive immune response. In a triple‐negative breast cancer animal model, it regulates the immunosuppressive microenvironment for effective tumor immunotherapy and induces a long‐lasting and strong immune memory to prevent lung metastasis.

Titanium alloy pressure spherical–cylindrical shells enable the effective utilization of the strength of spherical and cylindrical pressure-resistant shell components. In this study, a numerical simulation of the residual stress of a titanium alloy butt-welding plate was conducted by employing sequential coupling and a temperature heat source model. The results of welding residual stress analysis agreed well with the experimental results reported in the literature. Subsequently, the welding residual stress of a titanium alloy pressure spherical–cylindrical shell was calculated and analyzed using the same method. Finally, the influence of residual stress on the ultimate bearing capacity of the shell was assessed. On the inner surface of the shell, the horizontal welding residual tensile stress, perpendicular to the weld path, exhibited a bimodal distribution. The longitudinal welding residual tensile stresses were higher than the horizontal welding residual stress. Near the weld on the outer shell surface, higher longitudinal welding residual tensile stresses existed, whereas the horizontal welding residual stress was compressive. Both the inner and outer shell surfaces exhibited significant longitudinal residual tensile stresses along the weld path, though residual compressive stresses existed on both surfaces. The influence of welding residual stress on the ultimate load-bearing capacity of the shell was minimal.

Abstract Background This study explored the patient clinical characteristics that may affect electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) efficacy to enable improved focus during evaluations and preparation for ECT. Methods Patients were enrolled for ECT at the Department of Psychiatry and Anesthesiology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from December 2017 to January 2019. The primary outcome in our study was defined as the development of nonremission. A multivariate logistic analysis was performed to identify the risk factors for nonremission. Results In total, 874 depressed patients were included in the study. After the ECT treatment, 255 cases (29.2%) exhibited nonremission. A multivariate logistic regression analysis of the variables was performed, and the results showed that atherosclerosis (OR 8.072, 95% CI 2.442 to 16.675; P = 0.001), COPD (OR 2.919, 95% CI 1.240 to 6.871; P = 0.014), diabetes (OR 2.202, 95% CI 1.115 to 4.348; P = 0.023) and smoking (OR 1.519, 95% CI 1.015 to 2.273; P = 0.042) were independent risk factors for nonremission. Conclusion In the retrospective analysis, we found that atherosclerosis, diabetes, COPD and smoking may be high-risk factors for nonremission.

ObjectivesThis study aimed to use evidence mapping to provide an overview of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) as perioperative treatments for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to identify areas of this field where future research is most urgently needed.MethodsMultiple databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science) were searched to identify clinical trials published up to November 2021 that examined the effect of perioperative ICIs for perioperative treatment of NSCLC. Study design, sample size, patient characteristics, therapeutic regimens, clinical stages, short-term and long-term therapeutic outcomes, surgery associated parameters, and therapeutic safety were examined.ResultsWe included 66 trials (3564 patients) and used evidence mapping to characterize the available data. For surgery associated outcomes, sixty-two studies (2480 patients) provided complete information regarding the use of surgery after neoadjuvant immunotherapy and data on R0 resection were available in 42 studies (1680 patients); for short-term clinical outcomes, 57 studies (1842 patients) evaluated pathologic complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant immunotherapy and most of included studies achieved pCR in the range of 30 to 40%; for long-term clinical outcomes, 15 studies (1932 patients) reported DFS, with a median range of 17.9-53.6 months; and only a few studies reported the safety profiles of perioperative immunotherapies.ConclusionOur evidence mapping systematically summarized the results of all clinical trials and studies that examined ICIs as perioperative treatments for NSCLC. The results indicated more studies that evaluate long-term patient outcomes are needed to provide a stronger foundation for the use of these treatments.

BackgroundApproximately half of patients with heart failure have a preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). To date, only SGLT-2i, ARNi, and MRAs treatments have been shown to be effective for HFpEF. Exercise intolerance is the primary clinical feature of HFpEF. The aim of this meta-analysis was to explore the effect of inorganic nitrate/nitrite supplementary therapy on the exercise capacity of HFpEF patients.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, OVID, and Web of Science for eligible studies for this meta-analysis. The primary outcomes were peak oxygen consumption (peak VO2), exercise time, and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) during exercise. The secondary outcomes were cardiac output, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, and systemic vascular resistance during rest and exercise, respectively.ResultsA total of eight randomized-controlled trials were enrolled for this meta-analysis. We found no benefit of inorganic nitrate/nitrite on exercise capacity in patients with HFpEF. Inorganic nitrate/nitrite compared to placebo, did not significantly increased peak VO2 (MD = 0.361, 95% CI = −0.17 to 0.89, p = 0.183), exercise time (MD = 9.74, 95% CI = −46.47 to 65.95, p = 0.734), and respiratory exchange ratio during exercise (MD = −0.003, 95% CI = −0.036 to 0.029, p = 0.834). Among the six diameters reflecting cardiac and artery hemodynamics, inorganic nitrate/nitrite can lower rest SBP, rest/exercise DBP, rest/exercise MAP, and exercise SVR, but has no effect in cardiac output and heart rate for HFpEF patients.ConclusionOur meta-analysis suggested that inorganic nitrate/nitrite supplementary therapy has no benefit in improving the exercise capacity of patients with HFpEF, but can yield a blood pressure lowering effect, especially during exercise.

The neutral detergent fiber (NDF)/starch ratio is a key determinant of the carbohydrate composition in ruminant diets, which affects the development of the gastrointestinal tract and animal growth. In this study, we used a combination of 16S amplicon sequencing and metabolomics technologies to reveal changes in the microbiota and their metabolites associated with digestive matter in the colon of lambs between different starter NDF/starch ratios and before and after weaning. A total of 40 male lambs of Hu sheep with a newborn weight of 3.14 ± 0.05 kg were selected for the experiment and fed with breast milk until 10 days of age, and were randomly divided into 2 groups, which were fed ad libitum with a starter of NDF/starch of 0.5 (A) or 1.0 (B) for a period of 56 days, and then weaned off the milk powder at 35 days of age. Six lambs with weights close to the average weight of the group were selected for slaughter in each of the two groups before (35 days of age) and after weaning (56 days of age), and were accordingly named A35, A56, B35 and B56. The results showed that, before weaning, the concentrations of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) in group B35 were significantly higher than those in group A35 (p < 0.05), while the concentrations of isobutyric acid, valeric acid and isovaleric acid were significantly lower than those in group A35 (p < 0.05). After weaning, the concentrations of all volatile acids and total acids in group B56 were significantly lower than those in group A56 (p < 0.01). At the phylum level, the dominant phyla identified were Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes; the relative abundances of Firmicutes and Desulfobacterota were significantly higher and lower in group B35 than in group A35, respectively (p < 0.05); the relative abundances of Euryarchaeota and Desulfobacterota were significantly higher and lower in group A56 than in group A35 (p < 0.05); and, at the genus level, the relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae_FCS020_group and Eubacterium nodatum group had higher relative abundance in group B35 before weaning (p < 0.05). Metabolomic results showed that feeding 1.0 NDF/starch ratio starter before weaning significantly up-regulated (p < 0.05) the concentrations of several anti-inflammatory-related metabolites such as lithocholic acid, oleanolic acid and LysoP. After weaning, the number of differential microorganisms and anti-inflammatory-related metabolites decreased between the two ratios. In summary, feeding a 1.0 NDF/starch ratio starter may be more effective in regulating microbial fermentation, leading to an increase in beneficial microbiota and metabolites, thus improving colonic environmental homeostasis in lambs before and after weaning.

Starch and NDF are the main components in the diets of ruminants worldwide and are the main energy source for rumen microorganisms and hosts. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different NDF/starch ratios on rumen fermentation parameters, rumen development and rumen microbes in lambs and to predict the function of rumen microbes by metagenomic techniques. In this study, 30 lambs with birth weights of (3.0 ± 0.5) kg were selected. The lambs of Hu sheep were randomly divided into two groups, fed starter with an NDF/starch ratio of 0.5 (group A) or 1.0 (group C). Samples of the rumen tissue and contents were collected after slaughter. The results showed that the ADG and ADFI of group A were significantly higher than those of group C (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in the FCR (P > 0.05). Therefore, from the perspective of feed-related economic benefits, group C showed greater economic value; the A/P of group C was significantly lower than that of group A (0.05 < P < 0.1), and the TVFA showed no significant difference (P > 0.05); The lengths of the rumen papillae of group C was significantly higher than that of group A (0.05 < P < 0.1). There was no significant difference in the abundance of the top 10 species at the phylum level and genus level (P > 0.05). CAZymes gene enrichment was observed in the rumen microbial community of lambs in group C (P < 0.05). In conclusion, group C, fed with starter with a higher NDF/starch ratio, had a higher feeding value. This study provides comprehensive insights into the composition of NDF and starch in lamb starter.

Abstract Background Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathways have been shown to improve clinical outcomes after surgery. Considering the importance of patient experience for patients with benign surgery, this study evaluated whether improved compliance with ERAS protocol modified for gynecological surgery which recommended by the ERAS Society is associated with better clinical outcomes and patient experience, and to determine the influence of compliance with each ERAS element on patients’ outcome after benign hysterectomy. Methods A prospective observational study was performed on the women who underwent hysterectomy between 2019 and 2020. A total of 475 women greater 18 years old were classified into three groups according to their per cent compliance with ERAS protocols: Group I:

Precise delivery and responsive activation of therapeutic agents are critical for tumor precise therapy. Herein, inspired by intelligent express, a nanozyme-laden intelligent macrophage express was fabricated based on IR 820-macrophage loaded with GOx nanozymes for tumor-targeted photothermal-amplified starvation therapy with fluorescence imaging guidance. The nanozyme-laden intelligent macrophage express exerted precise delivery through cargo loading, conveying and unloading. For efficient cargo loading, H2O2-sensitive GOx nanozymes with blocked enzymatic activity were packaged on macrophage expresses with excellent phagocytic ability. Due to the inherent tumor tropism, the therapeutic agents-laden macrophage expresses naturally accumulated at tumor site with fluorescence navigation to track the conveying process. The spatiotemporal unpacking of the laden therapeutic agents at tumor site was triggered by the external laser for the macrophage express photothermal property. The released special tumor-microenvironment responsive GOx nanozymes were activated by H2O2 in tumor to start starvation therapy. Photothermal therapy generated mild hyperthermia and starvation therapy produced H2O2 further increased the nanozymes enzymatic activity, enhancing GOx-mediated starvation therapy. The nanozyme-laden intelligent macrophage express integrated laser-induce drug release and activation, tumor microenvironment-responsiveness, and circular amplification property, achieving the synergistic effects of PTT and starvation therapy in vitro and in vivo.

In worldwide, one of the most important cancer-related death is lung cancer. Also has the highest mortality rate between various cancer types. The count of lung cancer occurrence is increasing with an increased frequency by smoking. Proficient chemoprevention approaches are needed to prevent the occurrence of lung cancer. Therefore, the aim of this exploration is to determine the therapeutic impact on the immune modulatory effect of rhaponticin on lung tumorigenesis in vivo and in vitro cytotoxicity effect in A549 cells of human lung cancer. Lung cancer tumorigenesis in mice was challenged with benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) with 50 mg/kg bodyweight (b.wt) as oral administration for 6 weeks (two times/week). Rhaponticin were given orally 30 mg/kg b.wt (two times/week) in BaP induced mice from 12 weeks to 18 weeks. After treatment completes, the body weight was measured and then blood, lung tissue was collected for various parameters detection. The results evidenced that BaP induced mice decreased the bodyweight, increased lung weight, increased tumor markers (AHH, CEA and LDH), and increased the proinflammatory cytokines. The enzyme catalase, superoxide dismutase activity was decreased and increased lipid peroxidation in immune comprising cells compared with the control cells. Moreover, rhaponticin treatment improves in chemical assays and also the histopathological alteration of lung tissues. The present findings provide evidence about the therapeutic potentials of rhaponticin against BaP triggered lung tumorigenesis.

Infestations or parasitism by forestry pests can lead to adverse consequences for tree growth, development, and overall tree quality, ultimately resulting in ecological degradation. The identification and localization of forestry pests are of utmost importance for effective pest control within forest ecosystems. To tackle the challenges posed by variations in pest poses and similarities between different classes, this study introduced a novel end-to-end pest detection algorithm that leverages deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and a transfer learning technique. The basic architecture of the method is YOLOv5s, and the C2f module is adopted to replace part of the C3 module to obtain richer gradient information. In addition, the DyHead module is applied to improve the size, task, and spatial awareness of the model. To optimize network parameters and enhance pest detection ability, the model is initially trained using an agricultural pest dataset and subsequently fine-tuned with the forestry pest dataset. A comparative analysis was performed between the proposed method and other mainstream target detection approaches, including YOLOv4-Tiny, YOLOv6, YOLOv7, YOLOv8, and Faster RCNN. The experimental results demonstrated impressive performance in detecting 31 types of forestry pests, achieving a detection precision of 98.1%, recall of 97.5%, and mAP@.5:.95 of 88.1%. Significantly, our method outperforms all the compared target detection methods, showcasing a minimum improvement of 2.1% in mAP@.5:.95. The model has shown robustness and effectiveness in accurately detecting various pests.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease characterized by rapid progression and frequent comorbidities that make its treatment challenging. Nanomaterial-based strategies have been extensively studied to target the GI mucosal immune system in recent years. Herein, we propose a novel apigenin-Mn(II) loaded sodium hyaluronate nanoparticles where apigenin (API) was incorporated in the Mn2+ ramework, coated with hyaluronic acid. The apigenin-Mn(II) loaded sodium hyaluronate nanoparticles (API-Mn(II)@HA NPs) exhibited a diameter of 200 nm and were effective against UC. The preparation of the API-Mn(II) complex was relatively simple, and the mechanism underlying its therapeutic effect on UC induced by sodium dextran sulfate (DSS) was studied in detail. We found that API-Mn(II)@HA nanoparticles could effectively repair the intestinal barrier and significantly improve the damaged colon tissue by mediating inflammatory factors. This study provides novel insights on a new kind of active targeted nanoparticle for improving the efficacy of drugs for UC treatment.

ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the potential prognostic value of fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio (FAR) in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).MethodsThis study used a retrospective design and enrolled 224 patients with TNBC treated between January 2009 and December 2014 at the Henan Provincial People’s Hospital. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to determine the optimal cut-off value for FAR. The associations between TNBC and clinicopathologic categorical variables by FAR were analyzed using the Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test. The survival time and survival curve were determined by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and compared using the Log-rank method. The potential prognostic factors were determined using univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models. Prognostic nomogram was established on the basis of the multivariate analyses. The calibration curves were used to assess the predictive performance.ResultsThe optimal cut-off value for FAR based on the overall survival (OS) was 0.066, as evaluated by the ROC. The 224 included patients were divided into low FAR group (

We assessed the changes in nutritional and putrescent components during enzymolysis of Acetes chinensis. Oligopeptide and astaxanthin both reached a maximum of 46.78 ± 1.03% and 14.71 ± 0.32 mg/kg at 6 h, respectively. The total free amino acid changed from 6.37 ± 0.08 g/100 g to 14.21 ± 0.17 g/100 g at 8 h. However, the volatile base nitrogen reached 143.50 ± 6.21 mg/100 g at 10 h. The total biogenic amine was first decreased and then increased to 6,324.00 ± 10.56 mg/kg. Moreover, the acid and peroxide values reached 4.93 ± 0.17 mg/g and 5.56 ± 0.23 mg/kg at 10 h, respectively. Therefore, although Acetes chinensis hydrolysate was rich in nutrients, the putrescent components, including volatile base nitrogen, biogenic amine, acid and peroxide values, were increased during enzymolysis. Collectively, the enzymatic hydrolysis process of Acetes chinensis should be appropriately regulated to reduce the contents of putrescent components.

Introduction: Mucinous carcinoma (MC) of the breast is a special histological type of breast cancer. Clinicopathological characteristics and genomic features of MC is not fully understood. Materials and methods: 186,497 primary breast cancer patients from SEER database diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) or MC were included. 801 primary IDC or MC patients from TCGA cohort were included for transcriptomic and genomic analysis. Results: MC patients were older, had lower tumor grade and T and N stage, higher hormone receptor positive proportions and lower HER2 positive proportions than IDC patients. Kaplan-Meier plots showed that the breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) of MC patients was significantly better than IDC patients (P

Previous studies have revealed that the relationship between the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) is not statistically significant when the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) is in its positive phase. This study explores a possible way to obtain a robust ENSO–EAWM relationship from a dynamical point of view. Here, the authors show that the East Asian winter temperature is significantly and continuously correlated with ENSO when the linear impact of the PDO has been linearly removed from ENSO. Such a conclusion is confirmed by different reanalysis datasets. The dynamical process intensifying the ENSO–EAWM is further investigated from the perspective of whether or not the atmospheric teleconnection between the Pacific and East Asia has established. Compared to the situation associated with the original ENSO in the positive phase of the PDO, the Walker circulation associated with the processed ENSO, from which the effect of North Pacific climate systems has been removed, tends to exert a more pronounced influence on the atmospheric circulation over the western North Pacific. Consequently, an anomalous anticyclone emerges in the Kuroshio extension. In this sense, the Pacific–East Asian teleconnection is also well established during the positive phase of the PDO, which favors the impact of ENSO on East Asian winter temperature.

Diabetes remains a great threat to human beings’ health and its world prevalence is projected to reach 9.9% by 2045. At present, the detection methods used are often invasive, cumbersome and time-consuming, thus increasing the burden on patients. In this paper, we propose a novel noninvasive and low-cost biosensor capable of detecting glucose in human sweat using enzyme-based electrodes for point-of-care uses. Specifically, an electrochemical method is applied for detection and the electrodes are covered with multilayered films including ferrocene-polyaniline (F-P), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and glucose oxidase (GOx) on Cu substrates (GOx/MWCNTs/F-P/Cu). The coated layers enhance the immobilization of GOx, increase the conductivity of the anode and improve the electrochemical properties of the electrode. Compared with the Cu electrode and the F-P/Cu electrode, a maximum peak current is obtained when the MWCNTs/F-P/Cu electrode is applied. We also study its current response by cyclic voltammetry (CV) at different concentrations (0–2.0 mM) of glucose solution. The best current response is obtained at 0.25 V using chronoamperometry. The effective working lifetime of an electrode is up to 8 days. Finally, to demonstrate the capability of the electrode, a portable, miniaturized and integrated detection device based on the GOx/MWCNTs/F-P/Cu electrode is developed. The results exhibit a short response time of 5 s and a correlation coefficient R2 of 0.9847 between the response current of sweat with blood glucose concentration. The LOD is of 0.081 mM and the reproducibility achieved in terms of RSD is 3.55%. The sweat glucose sensor is noninvasive and point-of-care, which shows great development potential in the health examination and monitoring field.

Background: Progress has been made in genetic investigations on restenosis for the past 20 years, many studies regarding AGTR1 rs5186 polymorphism and restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) have been published, but the result remains controversial. The study aimed to explore the relationship between rs5186 polymorphism and the risk of restenosis after PCI. Methods: We performed a systematic search on PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CNKI, and Wan Fang databases up to December 2021. Two authors individually extracted all useful data of each study involved in this meta-analysis and assessed the study quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were combined in different genetic models for evaluation using a random-effects model or fixed-effect model. Results: There were eventually 8 studies of 1111 cases and 4097 controls eligible for this meta-analysis. Significant associations were found between rs5186 polymorphism and restenosis after PCI.allelic (OR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.17–1.47, p < 0.001), homozygous (OR: 1.90, 95% CI: 1.50–2.44, p < 0.001), heterozygous (OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 0.93–1.29, p = 0.27), recessive (OR: 1.80, 95% CI: 1.37–2.36, p < 0.001), dominant genetic model (OR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.06–1.44, p = 0.006). Subgroup analyses indicated a significant association in Asians. Conclusions: The rs5186 polymorphism in the AGTR1 gene increases the risk of restenosis after PCI in Asians significantly.

In our study, by developing the diluted PEDOT:PSS (D-PEDOT:PSS) to replace PEDOT:PSS stock solution as hole transport layer (HTL) materials for fabricating the inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the performance of developed device with ITO/D-PEDOT:PSS/MAPbI3−xClx/C60/BCP/Ag structure is enhanced distinctly. Experimental results reveal that when the dilution ratio is 10:1, the optimal power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the D-PEDOT:PSS device can reach up to 17.85% with an increase of 11.28% compared to the undiluted PEDOT:PSS device. A series of investigations have confirmed that the efficiency improvement is mainly attributed to the two aspects: on one hand, the transmittance and conductivity of D-PEDOT:PSS HTL are improved, and the density of defect states at the interface is reduced after dilution, promoting the separation and transmission of charges, thus the short-circuit current (JSC) is significantly increased; on the other hand, the work function of D-PEDOT:PSS becomes more consistent with perovskite layer, and the voltage loss is reduced, so that the higher open circuit voltage (VOC) is obtained. Our research has indicated that diluting HTL develops a simpler, more efficient and cost-effective method to further improve performance for inverted PSCs.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the level and factors affecting the perioperative exercise intention in China.Design: This study was a cross-sectional survey in Southwest China.Methods: Four hundred and ninety nine participants were randomly sampled in eight medical centers from November 23, 2020 to November 27, 2020. The survey included sociodemographic information and a 24-item modified questionnaire, which aimed to evaluate the attitude toward daily exercise, perception of perioperative exercise, social support and the perioperative exercise intention. A multivariable linear regression model was used to evaluate the effect of different items on the patients' intention for perioperative exercise.Results: A total of 523 responses (95.09%) were collected and 499 (95.41%) were analyzed. The level of exercise intention of the patients during the perioperative period was: 14.83% planned to exercise every day in the hospital, 21.04% planned to exercise every other day, and 35.87% planned to exercise every week. Intensity of daily exercise (P = 0.016), positive attitude of daily exercise (P < 0.001), positive attitude of perioperative exercise (P < 0.001) and social support (P < 0.001) were positively associated with the intention for perioperative exercise. Female (P = 0.012), non-tertiary center (P = 0.011), and preoperative anxiety (P = 0.023) was negatively associated with it.Conclusions: The intention for perioperative exercise was low in Southwest China. The authors aimed to relieve preoperative anxiety, promote the education of perioperative exercise, design perioperative exercise programs, and provide more social support from medical staff and family for inpatients undergoing elective surgery.

Purpose: To determine the efficacy and safety of corticosteroid injection for trigger finger by performing a meta-analysis of all relevant studies. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing corticosteroid injection with other treatments for trigger finger. Pooled summary estimates for outcomes, including success rate, relapse rate, visual analogue score (VAS) and complications, were calculated as standardized mean difference (SMD) or relative risk (RR) either on a fixed- or random-effect model via Stata 12.0 software. Results: Ten literatures involving 806 patients (387 in corticosteroid injection group and 419 in control group) were included. Pooled analysis showed there were no differences in the success rate, VAS and complications between patients undergoing corticosteroid injection and others. However, the relapse rate was significantly higher in patients treated with corticosteroid injection than that of other treatments (RR = 19.53, 95% CI = 6.23–61.19). Subgroup analysis indicated the efficacy of corticosteroid injection was superior to other non-surgical treatments (success rate: RR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.01–2.35), but inferior to surgery (success rate: RR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.48–0.63; relapse rate: RR = 21.15, 95% CI = 6.06–73.85; VAS: SMD = 3.49, 95% CI = 2.84–4.14). Conclusions: Corticosteroid injection may be an effective strategy for management of trigger finger, although surgery may be needed for some patients due to recurrence.

The microstructure, phase composition and mechanical properties of ternary Al-5.4Ni-2Sn (mass fraction) alloy solidified under different high pressures were researched. The results show that the phase composition of the alloy solidified at different pressures is Al, Al3Ni and β-Sn. The thermodynamic phase diagram of the ternary alloy Al-5.4Ni-2Sn was calculated under the equilibrium condition. The results demonstrate that the solidification process is as follows: L→Al3Ni→(α-Al + Al3Ni)eutectic→(α-Al + Al3Ni + β-Sn)eutectic. The hardness values of α-Al phase at ambient pressure, 2 GPa and 4 GPa are 1.5 GPa, 1.62 GPa and 1.99 GPa, respectively. This is an increase of 8% and 32.7%, respectively. The hardness of β-Sn phase decreases by about 31.2% at 4 GPa. When the deformation is 30%, the compressive strength at ambient pressure, 2 GPa and 4 GPa is 538.1 MPa, 1403.2 MPa and 1547.9 MPa, respectively. The compressive strength under high pressure increased by 160.85% and 187.7%, respectively.

Aiming at the problem of radar target recognition of High-Resolution Range Profile (HRRP) under low signal-to-noise ratio conditions, a recognition method based on the Constrained Naive Least-Squares Generative Adversarial Network (CN-LSGAN), Short-time Fourier Transform (STFT), and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is proposed. Combining the Least-Squares Generative Adversarial Network (LSGAN) with the Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Network with Gradient Penalty (WGAN-GP), the CN-LSGAN is presented and applied to the HRRP denoise. The frequency domain and phase features of HRRP are gained by STFT in order to facilitate feature learning and also match the input data format of the CNN. These experimental results show that the CN-LSGAN has better data augmentation performance and can effectively avoid the model collapse compared to the generative adversarial network (GAN) and LSGAN. Also, the method has better recognition performance than the one-dimensional CNN method and the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network method.

Early supplementary feeding of lambs before weaning is important to meet their nutritional needs, promote the development of rumen and improve performance. To study the effect of early supplementary feeding on rumen development and the microbiota of lambs, 22 Hu lambs were randomly divided into two groups: one group was fed with milk replacer (group C), and the other group was fed with milk replacer and starter (group S). At 28 days, six lambs in each group were slaughtered, and the rumen content and tissue samples were collected for detection and analysis. The starter significantly promoted the length of rumen papilla (P = 0.03), the concentration of acetate, propionate, butyrate and total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) (P

Glioma is the most common type of malignant brain tumor. Due to its highly aggressive and metastatic features, glioma is associated with poor prognosis and a lack of effective treatments. Eriodictyol, a natural flavonoid compound, has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. However, the anti-tumor effects of eriodictyol and the underlying mechanisms have rarely been reported. In this study, we found that eriodictyol has anti-tumor activity in lung, colon, breast, pancreas, and liver cancer, and most significantly in glioma cell lines. Eriodictyol dose- and time-dependently suppresses cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in U87MG and CHG-5 glioma cells. In addition, eriodictyol induces apoptosis in U87MG and CHG-5 cells, as evaluated by flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and Western blot. Furthermore, eriodictyol downregulates the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, the effects of eriodictyol on the apoptosis of glioma cells are enhanced by LY294002 (a PI3K inhibitor) and reversed by 740 Y-P (a PI3K agonist). In a mouse xenograft model, eriodictyol not only dramatically suppressed tumor growth but also induced apoptosis in tumor cells. In summary, our data illustrate that eriodictyol effectively inhibits proliferation and metastasis and induces apoptosis of glioma cell lines, which might be a result of the blockade of the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Postoperative sore throat is one of the most common complications following endotracheal intubation. Nebulization therapy, a preferable and safety method of drug delivery, has been shown to be effective in postoperative sore throat prevention in many studies. However, the relative efficacy of various nebulized agents remains unknown. In this review, we aimed to quantify and rank order the efficacy of available nebulized agents for various postoperative sore throat-related outcomes. A comprehensive literature search of PubMed, EMBASE, CENTRAL and Google Scholar was conducted to identify eligible studies from inception to 25 May 2020. Incidence of postoperative sore throat 1hour and 24hours postoperatively and severity of postoperative sore throat 24 hours postoperatively were the primary outcomes. We conducted a Bayesian network meta-analysis to combine direct and indirect evidence to estimate the relative effects between treatments as well as the probabilities of ranking for treatments based on their protective effects. We identified 32 trials assessing 6 interventions. Overall inconsistency and heterogeneity were acceptable. Nebulized corticosteroids, magnesium, and ketamine differed from non-analgesic methods on the three primary outcomes. Based on the surface under the cumulative ranking curve, nebulized corticosteroids ranked first in almost all outcomes among the nebulized drugs. Considering only high-quality and 2-arm design studies, nebulized corticosteroids still seemed best. In conclusion, prophylactic use of nebulized corticosteroids, magnesium, and ketamine can effectively prevent postoperative sore throat, and nebulized corticosteroids appears to be the overall best approach.

Trachidermus fasciatus is a roughskin sculpin fish widespread across the coastal areas of East Asia. Due to environmental destruction and overfishing, the population of this species is under threat. In order to protect this endangered species, it is important to have the genome sequenced. Reference genomes are essential for studying population genetics, domestic farming, and genetic resource protection. However, currently, no reference genome is available for Trachidermus fasciatus, and this has greatly hindered the research on this species. In this study, we integrated nanopore long-read sequencing, Illumina short-read sequencing, and Hi-C methods to thoroughly assemble the Trachidermus fasciatus genome. Our results provided a chromosome-level high-quality genome assembly with a predicted genome size of 542.6 Mbp (2n = 40) and a scaffold N50 of 24.9 Mbp. The BUSCO value for genome assembly completeness was higher than 96%, and the single-base accuracy was 99.997%. Based on EVM-StringTie genome annotation, a total of 19,147 protein-coding genes were identified, including 35,093 mRNA transcripts. In addition, a novel gene-finding strategy named RNR was introduced, and in total, 51 (82) novel genes (transcripts) were identified. Lastly, we present here the first reference genome for Trachidermus fasciatus; this sequence is expected to greatly facilitate future research on this species.

With rapid development of computer performance and distributed technology, P2P-based resource sharing mode plays important role in Internet. P2P network users continued to increase so the high dynamic characteristics of the system determine that it is difficult to obtain the load of other nodes. Therefore, a dynamic load balance strategy based on hypergraph is proposed in this article. The scheme develops from the idea of hypergraph theory in multilevel partitioning. It adopts optimized multilevel partitioning algorithms to partition P2P network into several small areas, and assigns each area a supernode for the management and load transferring of the nodes in this area. In the case of global scheduling is difficult to be achieved, the priority of a number of small range of load balancing can be ensured first. By the node load balance in each small area the whole network can achieve relative load balance. The experiments indicate that the load distribution of network nodes in our scheme is obviously compacter. It effectively solves the unbalanced problems in P2P network, which also improve the scalability and bandwidth utilization of system.

Visualization of a drug delivery system could reveal the pharmacokinetic properties, which is essential for the design of a novel drug delivery system. In vivo optical imaging offers an advanced tool to monitor the drug release process and the therapeutic effect by the combination of fluorescence imaging and bioluminescence imaging. Multispectral fluorescence imaging can separate the drug and the carrier without interference. Herein, a dual fluorescent anti-tumor drug delivery system was monitored with the doxorubicin-loaded hydrogel to further explore the application of the porphyrin-incorporated hydrogel with four-arm PEG-PCL copolymer as a drug carrier, based on the beneficial fluorescence and good biocompatibility of the porphyrin incorporated hydrogel. Using nude mice bearing luciferase expressed hepatic tumor as models, the whole process from the drug delivery to the tumor therapeutic effects were real time visualized simultaneously after administration at interval from 0 to 18 d. The imaging results suggest that the fluorescence signals of the drug and the carrier can be separated and unmixed from the drug-loaded hydrogel successfully, avoiding the interference of the fluorescence signals. The tumor growth or inhibition can be real time tracked and analyzed quantitatively by bioluminescence imaging. Noninvasive continuous tracking the in vivo drug delivery process simultaneously is a potential trend for the precise drug delivery and treatment.

A polyvinyl alcohol–silver nanoparticle (PVA–Ag NP) hydrogel was fabricated using a simple and facile method; it was used as a substrate for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). The Ag ^+ ions dispersed uniformly in the PVA network were reduced by NaBH _4 ; this process was termed dipping method . Compared with conventional SERS substrates (e.g., colloidal suspensions), the prepared PVA–Ag NP hydrogel has prominent Raman enhancement effects for crystal violet (CV), and the detection limit was 10 ^−12 M. It could also help detect rhodamine B, methylene blue, and 4-mercaptobenzoic acid. In addition to SERS, the reliable 3D porous structure was utilized in the Raman imaging of CV at 1621 cm ^−1 in a nude mouse.

Surface soil moisture (SM) plays an essential role in the water and energy balance between the land surface and the atmosphere. Low spatio-temporal resolution, about 25−40 km and 2−3 days, of the commonly used global microwave SM products limits their application at regional scales. In this study, we developed an algorithm to improve the SM spatio-temporal resolution using multi-source remote sensing data and a machine-learning model named the General Regression Neural Network (GRNN). First, six high spatial resolution input variables, including Land Surface Temperature (LST), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), albedo, Digital Elevation Model (DEM), Longitude (Lon) and Latitude (Lat), were selected and gap-filled to obtain high spatio-temporal resolution inputs. Then, the GRNN was trained at a low spatio-temporal resolution to obtain the relationship between SM and input variables. Finally, the trained GRNN was driven by the high spatio-temporal resolution input variables to obtain high spatio-temporal resolution SM. We used the Fengyun-3B (FY-3B) SM over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) to test the algorithm. The results show that the algorithm could successfully improve the spatio-temporal resolution of FY-3B SM from 0.25° and 2−3 days to 0.05° and 1-day over the TP. The improved SM is consistent with the original product in terms of both spatial distribution and temporal variation. The high spatio-temporal resolution SM allows a better understanding of the diurnal and seasonal variations of SM at the regional scale, consequently enhancing ecological and hydrological applications, especially under climate change.

The path tracking control algorithm is one of the key problems in the control system design of autonomous vehicle. In this paper, we have conducted dynamic modeling for autonomous vehicle, the relationship between course deviation and yaw rate and centroid deflection angle. From the angle of the dynamics and geometrical, this paper have described the path tracking problem, analyzed the emergence of the eight autonomous vehicles pose binding - position and attitude alternate control methods to identify the relationship between posture and the controlling variables, and design a controller, the experimental results verify the feasibility and effectiveness of this control method.

Saccharide-substituted zinc phthalocyanines, [2,9(10),16(17),23(24)-tetrakis((1-(β-D-glucose-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methoxy)phthalocyaninato]zinc(II) and [2,9(10), 16(17),23(24)-tetrakis((1-(β-D-lactose-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methoxy)phthalocyaninato] zinc(II), were evaluated as novel near infrared fluorescence agents. Their interaction with bovine serum albumin was investigated by fluorescence and circular dichroism spectroscopy and isothermal titration calorimetry. Near infrared imaging for sentinel lymph nodes in vivo was performed using nude mice as models. Results show that saccharide- substituted zinc phthalocyanines have favourable water solubility, good optical stability and high emission ability in the near infrared region. The interaction of lactose-substituted phthalocyanine with bovine serum albumin displays obvious differences to that of glucose- substituted phthalocyanine. Moreover, lactose-substituted phthalocyanine possesses obvious imaging effects for sentinel lymph nodes in vivo.

Zinc phthalocyanine labelled polyethylene glycol was prepared to track and monitor the in vivo fate of polyethylene glycol. The chemical structures were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectroscopy. Their light stability and fluorescence quantum yield were evaluated by UV-Visible and fluorescence spectroscopy methods. The interaction of zinc phthalocyanine labelled polyethylene glycol with bovine serum albumin was evaluated by fluorescence titration and isothermal titration calorimetry methods. Optical imaging in vivo, organ aggregation as well as distribution of fluorescence experiments for tracking polyethylene glycol were performed with zinc phthalocyanine labelled polyethylene glycol as fluorescent agent. Results show that zinc phthalocyanine labelled polyethylene glycol has good optical stability and high emission ability in the near infrared region. Imaging results demonstrate that zinc phthalocyanine labelled polyethylene glycol can track and monitor the in vivo process by near infrared fluorescence imaging, which implies its potential in biomaterials evaluation in vivo by a real-time noninvasive method.