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Integration of new energy sources will continuously encroach upon the startup capacity of conventional units， reducing system’s rotational inertia and frequency regulation capabilities. This leads to accelerated frequency changes and increased fluctuation amplitudes. Therefore， it is imperative for new energy units to provide active inertia support. However， the dynamic characteristics of new energy units differ significantly from synchronous generators， making traditional swing equations inadequate to fully reflect the dynamic process of frequency response in new-type power systems after disturbances. Therefore， an inertia model for new-type power systems is established to accurately characterize the inertia response process of synchronous generators， grid-following inverters， and grid-forming inverters. A real-time inertia measurement method is proposed， which employs an improved polynomial curve fitting method （PCFM） and system identification method to accurately identify the system’s rotational inertia and regional inertia. Finally， through simulation， a quantitative assessment of the equivalent inertia of new-type power systems is conducted， and the effectiveness of the proposed measurement method and mathematical model is validated.

Shared development is an important means by which to improve people's livelihood and well-being in the new era. During the 13th Five-Year Plan period (2016-2020), China has made great achievements in the three major aspects of targeted poverty alleviation through industrial development, development of special rural areas, and equalization of urban and rural infrastructure and basic public services. In addition, the important experience of multi-agent participation, multi-mode guidance, and multi-line promotion has been accumulated in the individual, regional and urbanrural dimensions. However, there remain some deficiencies, such as low policy efficiency, poor matching ability, and prominent structural problems. At the beginning of the 14th Five-Year Plan (2021-2025), the task of enriching farmers through sharing has been faced with many challenges, such as major changes in the focus of poverty governance, greater numbers of restraints on the development of special rural areas, and heavy responsibilities of equalizing urban and rural infrastructure and basic public services. Therefore, it is necessary to acquire a profound understanding of the new development concept, and to continuously enrich farmers through sharing in terms of accelerating the improvement of the institutionalized poverty reduction system in the new era, actively building a green development system of agriculture and animal husbandry in special rural areas, and striving to create a fair and complementary urban and rural infrastructure and basic public service system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ionic hybrid perovskites face challenges in maintaining their structural stability against non-equilibrium phase degradation, therefore, it is essential to develop effective ways to reinforce their corner-shared [PbI 6 ] 4- octahedral units. To strengthen structural stability, redox-active functional polyoxometalates (POMs) are developed and incorporated into perovskite solar cells (PSCs) to form a robust polyoxometalates/perovskite interlayer for stabilizing the perovskite phase. This approach offers several advantages: 1) promotes the formation of an interfacial connecting layer to passivate interfacial defects in addition to stabilize the [PbI 6 ] 4- units through exchanged ammonium cations in POMs with perovskites; 2) facilitates continuous structural repairing of Pb 0 - and I 0 -rich defects in the [PbI 6 ] 4- unit through redox electron shuttling of the electroactive metal ions in POMs; 3) provides guidance for selecting suitable redox mediators based on the kinetic studies of POM's effectiveness in reacting with targeted defects. The POM-reinforced device maintains 97.2% of its initial PCE after 1500 h of shelf-life test at 65 °C, while also enhancing the long-term operational stability. Additionally, this approach can be generally applicable across scalable sizes and various bandgap perovskites in devices, showing the promise of using functional POMs to enhance perovskite photovoltaic performance., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Metal halide perovskite materials inherently possess imperfections, particularly under nonequilibrium conditions, such as exposure to light or heat. To tackle this challenge, we introduced stearate ligand-capped nickel oxide (NiO x ), a redox-sensitive metal oxide with variable valence, into perovskite intermediate films. The integration of NiO x improved the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) by offering multifunctional roles: (1) chemical passivation for ongoing defect repair, (2) energetic passivation to bolster defect tolerance, and (3) field-effect passivation to mitigate charge accumulation. Employing a synergistic approach that tailored these three passivation mechanisms led to a substantial increase in the devices' efficiencies. The target cell (0.12 cm 2 ) and module (18 cm 2 ) exhibited efficiencies of 24.0 and 22.9%, respectively. Notably, the encapsulated modules maintained almost 100 and 87% of the initial efficiencies after operating for 1100 h at the maximum power point (60 °C, 50% RH) and 2000 h of damp-heat testing (85 °C, 85% RH), respectively. Outdoor real-time tests further validated the commercial viability of the NiO x -assisted PSMs. The proposed passivation strategy provides a practical and uncomplicated approach for fabricating high-efficiency and stable photovoltaics.

Objective: To analyze the effects of glutamine and valsartan on the brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF)., Methods: A total of 140 CHF patients were divided into a treatment group and a control group by random drawing, and were subjected to standard anti-heart failure treatment and administered with valsartan. Besides, the treatment group was also intravenously transfused glutamine. The treatment lasted eight weeks., Results: The overall efficacy of treatment group and control group were 98.6% and 90.0% respectively, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). The two groups had significantly increased left ventricular ejection fractions as well as significantly decreased left ventricular end-diastolic volumes and left ventricular end-diastolic dimensions after treatments (P<0.05) compared with those before. There were also inter-group differences between these values (P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of BNP, NT-proBNP and CD8(+) in both groups significantly decreased (P<0.05), whereas those of CD4(+) significantly increased (P<0.05). The two groups also had significantly different values (P<0.05)., Conclusion: Glutamine in combination with valsartan enhanced the therapeutic effects by improving cardiac function, which may be associated with decreased expressions of BNP and NT-proBNP and beneficial effects of glutamine on immune function.