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The occurrence of adiabatic shear bands, as an instability phenomenon, is viewed as a precursor to failure caused by instability at high strain rates. Metastable β titanium alloys are extensively utilized due to their excellent mechanical properties, which are often subjected to high strain rate loads in service conditions. Understanding and studying their adiabatic shear instability behavior is thus crucial for preventing catastrophic failure and enhancing material performance. In this study via detailed microstructural analyses in the adiabatic shear region of a Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al alloy subjected to high strain rates, it was observed that α″ martensitic transformation and nano-twinning plus β-to-α phase transformation with α″ martensite as an intermediate phase occurred, in addition to substantial fine grains. The grain refinement mechanisms were mainly related to dynamic recovery dominated by dislocation migration alongside severe plastic deformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The adsorption and diffusion of oxygen at the B2(110)[ 1 ¯ 11]||O(001)[1 1 ¯ 0] interface in Ti2AlNb alloys were investigated via first-principles calculations. Only a 2.6% interfacial mismatch indicates that B2(110)–O(001) is basically a stable coherent interface. The calculated adsorption energies and diffusion energy barriers show that oxygen prefers to occupy the Ti-rich interstitial sites, and once trapped, it hardly diffuses to other interstitial sites, thus promoting the preferential formation of Ti oxides. Under the premise of a Ti-rich environment, a Nb-rich environment is more favorable for oxygen adsorption than an Al-rich environment. The electronic structures suggest that O 2p orbitals mainly occupy the energy region below −5 eV, bonding with its coordinated atoms of Ti, Al, and Nb. However, Al 3p and Nb 4d orbitals near the Fermi level couple with sparsely distributed O 2p orbitals, forming anti-bonding, which is not conducive to oxygen adsorption. Because Nb 4d electrons are more localized than Al 3p electrons are, Nb–O anti-bonding is weaker. O–Ti has almost no contribution to anti-bonding, suggesting good bonding between them. This is consistent with the experimental observations that TiO2 is the main oxidation product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The crystal structures, stability, mechanical properties and electronic structures of Nb-free and Nb-doped Ti-Al intermetallic compounds were investigated via first-principles calculations. Seven components and eleven crystal configurations were considered based on the phase diagram. The calculated results demonstrate that hP8-Ti3Al, tP4-TiAl, tP32-Ti3Al5, tI24-TiAl2, tI16-Ti5Al11, tI24-Ti2Al5, and tI32-TiAl3 are the most stable phases. Mechanical properties were estimated with the calculated elastic constants, as well as the bulk modulus, shear modulus, Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio and Pugh's ratio following the Voigt–Reuss–Hill scheme. As the Al content increases, the mechanical strength increases but the ductility decreases in the Ti-Al compounds. This results from the enhanced covalent bond formed by the continuously enhanced Al-sp hybrid orbitals and Ti-3d orbitals. Nb doping (~5 at.% in this study) keeps the thermodynamical and mechanical stability for the Ti-Al compounds, which exhibit slightly higher bulk modulus and better ductility. This is attributed to the fact that the Nb 4d orbitals locate near the Fermi level and interact with the Ti-3d and Al-3p orbitals, improving the metallic bonds based on the electronic structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]