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Our paper explores the online learning experiences of two female students living with albinism in South Africa and Zimbabwe during the COVID-19 era. Using a two-case qualitative research design, we conducted in-depth face to face interviews with the purposefully selected sample. The intention was to bring to the fore, the unique online experiences of female students living with albinism. Data were thematically analyzed. Literature suggests that the unique health and physiological characteristics of students living with albinism tend to present unique but surmountable challenges. Our study established that the gender and physiology of the students tended to complicate or enhance their desire to benefit from online learning during the COVID-19 era. The findings make a case for academic inclusion in universities' academic projects. Institutions May consider instituting pedagogically inclusive online learning mechanisms that are not only gender sensitive, but are in sync with, not only the COVID-19 realities, but similar calamities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The Environmental Nutrition Program (ENP) as an environmental intervention offers voluntary involvement with students, but persists in exposure. This study aimed to investigate the effect of ENP on students’ dietary intake and nutritional knowledge. Methods A quasi-experimental study was conducted with a control school. ENP comprises four activities: the use of uniform food serving tools, nutrition fact displays, food and nutrition information displays, and body weighing awareness. The ENP emphasized voluntary involvement with students but persisted in exposure for over 8-weeks. Multiple passes of 24-hour food recall and validated questionnaires were used in the assessments by a nutritionist. Multiple linear regressions were performed to analyze the effectiveness of ENP. Results A total of 113 female high school students, with a median age of 16 years, were recruited. At baseline, all students had a lower dietary intake than the national recommendation. Except for the stipend, no differences in the characteristics were found among the students. The students’ carbohydrate intake and nutritional knowledge significantly increased after the ENP in the intervention school ( p < 0.001). Total energy, protein, and fat intake also improved after ENP. Conclusion ENP activities effectively increased students’ daily carbohydrate intake and nutritional knowledge. Thus, ENP may be appropriate for enhancing nutrition literacy among female students. Future studies with a longer time frame are encouraged to yield sustained, favorable dietary practices.

The decline of females in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) fields has drawn global discourse among researchers and policymakers, including Cambodia. At Cambodian upper secondary schools, female students' enrolment rates in science classes dramatically decreased from 97% in 2014–42% in 2019. In contrast, female students' enrolment rates in social science classes significantly increased from 4% in 2014–58% in 2019. This study aimed to examine factors influencing female students to leave science classes at upper secondary schools. It included 421 female grade-12 students from 20 secondary schools as samples. Due to the nested structure of the data, the two-level hierarchical linear model (HLM) was used for data analysis. The findings revealed that ease of national examination, high passing rates, pursuits for grades, attitudes toward science, and financial burden of private tutoring significantly influenced female students to opt for social science classes over science classes. Female students had no intention to pursue STEM majors and reported that their parents advised them not to involve in science. The findings were discussed with a call for policy implications and improved practices at the school level to promote female students' enrolment in science classes in Cambodia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women remain underrepresented in STEM fields, with a major STEM pipeline leakage occurring between high school and post-secondary education. Past research suggests that providing female high school students with opportunities for problem-solving, prosocial behaviors and working towards authentic communal goals can improve their perceptions of STEM and the attractiveness of STEM careers. Building on this prior research, we investigate Scientella, a US-based, student-run organization that provides out-of-school consulting projects, mentorships and webinars to female high school students. Drawing on the direct experiences of Scientella's co-founders and analyzing program survey data, we explore how Scientella provides these opportunities, the benefits realized by students, and the challenges faced by the organization. Survey data show that involvement in Scientella's activities provides students with benefits related to STEM career exploration and counter-stereotypical STEM skill development, including career discovery, industry engagement and practical experience, and the development of collaboration, communication and social research skills. The admissions of Scientella student leaders to STEM majors in selective US colleges indicates the promise of Scientella's approach, and that providing students with opportunities to engage in STEM-themed career exploration and leadership development could be an effective strategy to increase female STEM participation in post-secondary education and the pursuit of subsequent career opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our paper explores the online learning experiences of two female students living with albinism in South Africa and Zimbabwe during the COVID-19 era. Using a two-case qualitative research design, we conducted in-depth face to face interviews with the purposefully selected sample. The intention was to bring to the fore, the unique online experiences of female students living with albinism. Data were thematically analyzed. Literature suggests that the unique health and physiological characteristics of students living with albinism tend to present unique but surmountable challenges. Our study established that the gender and physiology of the students tended to complicate or enhance their desire to benefit from online learning during the COVID-19 era. The findings make a case for academic inclusion in universities’ academic projects. Institutions May consider instituting pedagogically inclusive online learning mechanisms that are not only gender sensitive, but are in sync with, not only the COVID-19 realities, but similar calamities.

Study purpose. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Knee Tuck Jump or Jump to Box plyometric training and to determine their effectiveness in increasing leg muscle strength and flexibility in female students participating in volleyball extracurriculars. Materials and methods. This study used a quasi-experimental design. Twenty-four female students were randomly selected as samples and then divided into two categories: 12 students receiving Knee Tuck Jump training (age: 17.08±0.51) and 12 students receiving Jump to Box training (age: 17.00±0.60). All participants performed the initial and final tests using the Vertical Jump and sit-and-reach tests. To analyze the data, the t-test was used to determine the differences in variables between the pretest and posttest in the experimental group. Results. In the Knee Tuck Jump group, a significant improvement in VJ (P=0.000) and sit-&-reach tests (P=0.000) was observed. In addition, Knee Tuck Jump was considered to be more effective in increasing the students’ flexibility, because the t value of sit-&-reach test (14.075) was higher than that of VJ (13.811). Similarly, the Jump to Box group also showed a significant improvement in VJ (P=0.000) and sit-&-reach (P=0.000) tests. However, Jump to Box was deemed to be more effective in increasing the students’ leg muscle strength, as the t value of VJ (26.086) was higher than that of sit-&-reach test (9.594). Conclusions. Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that plyometric exercises, specifically KTJ and JB, have a significant and positive impact on the lower limb muscle strength and flexibility in female students participating in volleyball extracurricular activities. Despite both demonstrating significant positive effects, KTJ training is more effective in improving flexibility compared to JB, while JB is more effective in enhancing lower limb muscle strength compared to KTJ.

Study purpose. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Knee Tuck Jump or Jump to Box plyometric training and to determine their effectiveness in increasing leg muscle strength and flexibility in female students participating in volleyball extracurriculars. Materials and methods. This study used a quasi-experimental design. Twenty-four female students were randomly selected as samples and then divided into two categories: 12 students receiving Knee Tuck Jump training (age: 17.08±0.51) and 12 students receiving Jump to Box training (age: 17.00±0.60). All participants performed the initial and final tests using the Vertical Jump and sit-and-reach tests. To analyze the data, the t-test was used to determine the differences in variables between the pretest and posttest in the experimental group. Results. In the Knee Tuck Jump group, a significant improvement in VJ (p = 0.000) and sit-&-reach tests (p = 0.000) was observed. In addition, Knee Tuck Jump was considered to be more effective in increasing the students' flexibility, because the t value of sit-&-reach test (14.075) was higher than that of VJ (13.811). Similarly, the Jump to Box group also showed a significant improvement in VJ (p = 0.000) and sit-&-reach (p = 0.000) tests. However, Jump to Box was deemed to be more effective in increasing the students' leg muscle strength, as the t value of VJ (26.086) was higher than that of sit-&-reach test (9.594). Conclusions. Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that plyometric exercises, specifically KTJ and JB, have a significant and positive impact on the lower limb muscle strength and flexibility in female students participating in volleyball extracurricular activities. Despite both demonstrating significant positive effects, KTJ training is more effective in improving flexibility compared to JB, while JB is more effective in enhancing lower limb muscle strength compared to KTJ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To increase the number of female students in the department, since 1994 Nagoya Institute of Technology has introduced a female-only recommendation entrance examination in the Department of Mechanical Engineering （Department of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering from 2016）. The ratio of female students to all students was shown and the impact of the introduction of female-only recommendation was discussed. It was shown that the introduction of the female-only recommendation entrance examination not only increased the ratio of female students in the targeted department but also across the entire institute. The objective of increasing the number of female students in the department has been achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction:Young people in Indonesia persistently grapple with nutritional challenges. Regrettably, there has been insufficient research addressing their distinct nutritional requirements. Objective:This study aims to describe the dietary diversity of female students in Southeast Sulawesi and investigate the associated factors. Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted among female students in the Public Health Faculty of Halu Oleo University. Using random sampling, 280 participants were selected from five different departments within the faculty. Minimum dietary diversity for women (MDD-W) was assessed using a single 24-hour recall. A cut-off value of 5 was used to determine whether the recommendation was met. Multiple logistic regression was performed to examine the association between independent variables and MDD-W. Results:The mean (±SD) dietary diversity score of the participants was 3.6±1.1, with only 33.3% meeting the minimum recommendation for dietary diversity. In the multivariate analysis, higher maternal education (AOR: 4.4; 95% CI: 2.0, 9.6), higher paternal education (AOR: 3.2; 95% CI: 1.2, 8.2), and monthly food budget (AOR: 1.9; 95% CI: 1.0, 3.7) were significantly associated with achieving adequate dietary diversity.

Women remain underrepresented in STEM fields, with a major STEM pipeline leakage occurring between high school and post-secondary education. Past research suggests that providing female high school students with opportunities for problem-solving, prosocial behaviors and working towards authentic communal goals can improve their perceptions of STEM and the attractiveness of STEM careers. Building on this prior research, we investigate Scientella, a US-based, student-run organization that provides out-of-school consulting projects, mentorships and webinars to female high school students. Drawing on the direct experiences of Scientella’s co-founders and analyzing program survey data, we explore how Scientella provides these opportunities, the benefits realized by students, and the challenges faced by the organization. Survey data show that involvement in Scientella’s activities provides students with benefits related to STEM career exploration and counter-stereotypical STEM skill development, including career discovery, industry engagement and practical experience, and the development of collaboration, communication and social research skills. The admissions of Scientella student leaders to STEM majors in selective US colleges indicates the promise of Scientella’s approach, and that providing students with opportunities to engage in STEM-themed career exploration and leadership development could be an effective strategy to increase female STEM participation in post-secondary education and the pursuit of subsequent career opportunities.

This study investigates factors that stimulate better academic performance for female students in learning quantitative topics, such as those involving mathematical-related tasks. We explore the differences in self-regulated learning (e.g., sources of motivation and execution of learning strategies), learning behaviors, and learning achievement of female students in quantitative courses. A combination of primary survey data and secondary data from the course-specific Learning Management System (LMS) is used in this study to identify differences between the four grade groups (e.g., students earning final grades A, B, C, and D & F). Findings reveal that the higher-grade groups have stronger metacognitive self-regulation, elaboration, time and study environment management, and effort regulation skills than the lower-grade groups. The higher-grade groups also have stronger self-efficacy, lower test anxiety, more LMS activities, and earlier assignment and quiz submissions. The lower-grade group students consistently submit assignments at the last minute and show fewer LMS activities overall. Our findings have important implications for instructors, academic administrators, and scholars in promoting female students' self-regulated learning in quantitative courses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Unplanned pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) inclusive, have remained to be a significant public health challenges among young people, especially across middle and low-income countries. Self-efficacy on the right ways of using condoms appears to be effective against the aforementioned health-related problems. However, most women of reproductive age tend not to use them when they are using highly effective contraceptives such as implants, and/or injectable hormones. It is unknown whether the uptake of female condoms among young girls is significantly high or not. Examining female students’ perceived motivators, knowledge, attitudes, and self-reported and intentional female condom practice in training institutions seems to be a key precursor in addressing the challenge. Methods The institutional-based analytical cross-sectional survey in a quantitative research approach was adopted to study 384 randomly selected female students from higher training institutions, in Tanzania. Interviewer-administered structured questionnaires from previous studies were the main data collection tools. Data analysis was done using a statistical package for social science (SPSS) with the strength of statistical limits set at a 95% confidence interval and a 5% significance level. Results The response rate of the study was 100% with 24 ± 2.122 years respondents’ mean age while and 32.7% of them were in the third year of their studies. Only 6.2% of the respondents reported having used female condoms while 26.3% of them have not ever seen packages of female condoms. The minority of the respondents (21.7%, 23.3%, and 9.4%) demonstrated good knowledge, positive attitude, and intention to use female condoms respectively. Their age, accommodation, marital status, peer groups, previous training, knowledge, and attitude related significantly to their intentional practices of female condom use (p

Nutritional status of female students in Modern Islamic boarding school Background: Female students in Islamic Boarding schools whose adolescents, in the majority, need attention because of their physiological condition in the future. Similar studies in Indonesia with significant subjects of adolescent girl students still need to be expanded. Objective: We aim to find out the prevalence of the nutritional status of adolescent girl students in Islamic Boarding Schools. Methods: The study used a cross-sectional design and had 435 respondents from grades 1-6 (11-19 years old) in Darussalam Gontor Modern Islamic Boarding School for Girls 1. The study measured anthropometrics such as weight, height, and middle-upper arm circumference (MUAC). The following variable was nutritional status which is classified based on Body Mass Index-for-age (BAZ) and height-for-age (HAZ) Z-score, as well as chronic energy deficiency (CED) status. Results: Most subjects (77%) were classified as having normal nutritional status based on BMI-for-age. However, there were 47.6% of students experienced CED, and 15.2% of students were stunted based on height-for-age. Nutritional status according to BMI-for-age showed that 72.73% of students with normal nutritional status and 22.75% of students with overweight were found to be stunted. Notably, among the students with normal nutritional status based on BMI-for-age, the majority were also found to have CED (95.65%). Conclusion: The prevalence of adolescent female students with underweight and severe underweight nutritional status based on BMI-for-age was 1.84%, whereas the prevalence of overweight and obesity was 20.92%. Additionally, 47.6% of female students experience CED, and 15.2% are classified as stunting based on height-for-age.

Plain English summary Mental health is considered one of the determinants of people's general health, and disordered eating is frequent in adolescents with the highest prevalence in adolescent girls. The present study describes the correlation between mental health and disordered eating in Iranian High School Girls. 600 participants in this study. There was a strong relationship between mental health and disordered eating, which means the higher the mental health disorder score, the higher the disordered eating score, and the higher disordered eating score, the higher mental problems. High school eating disorders and mental health should be monitored by public health and School health services (SHS) to provide interventions which focus on preventing this kind of problems.

This study aims to explore the gender roles, social expectations, motivations, career decisions, and sense-making processes of a group of undergraduate female engineering students, particularly in the fields of naval, marine technology, and maritime studies, in the United Kingdom. Based on the Social Cognitive Career and Motivation Theory, two research questions were listed, why do undergraduate female students decide to study engineering, particularly in naval, marine technology, and maritime studies, as their career development? How do undergraduate female engineering students describe and make sense of their academic voyage and experiences as pre-service engineering professionals based on their gender, social expectation, and decision-making process? In line with the qualitative phenomenological approach, interview, focus group activity and member checking interview were employed to collect the stories from 20 female undergraduate engineering students in the United Kingdom. Three main themes were categorised, 1) interest in STEM learning, 2) determination about an engineering career, and 3) the surrounding environment: connection and relationship with the ocean. The results showed the potential managerial developments for gender diversity and constructive gender policies in engineering based on the voices of female engineering professionals. The outcomes of this study will fill the gaps in gender and gender issues in the engineering profession. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of National Nutrition Journal / Media Gizi Indonesia is the property of Universitas Airlangga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Many approaches for improving engineering student retention have been considered, including living learning communities (LLCs). The current study is focused on evaluating the benefits of intentional housing placement of female students to increase retention in engineering (the "living" portion of an LLC), operationalized by three-year retention to graduation referred to herein as "engineering living community." At the residential university studied, intentional placement of women engineering intent students has taken place since the early 2000s. Using institutional data of a private university, retention of women engineering students is compared to women who were not placed in a residence hall with other engineering students from 2005-2016 by examining the descriptive statistics and conducting statistical analysis, including Kruskal-Wallis rank-sum test and linear logistic regression. Additionally, a short survey was sent to current women engineering students to ask specifically what impact their residential hall placement had on their decision to continue in engineering. Results show that students placed in tin engineering living community were significantly more likely to be retained to their third year in engineering and on to graduation than those that were not in an engineering living community. The implication of this finding is that a living community without the added administrative structures of course alignments or formal mentorship can still offer substantial benefit to participants and are a no cost way to improve retention of women and potentially other underrepresented groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main cause is due to food intake that lacks nutrients that can increase blood Hb levels. Anemia in school children can cause fatigue, lethargy, sleepiness, decreased concentration in learning which results in decreased learning achievement. This study aims to determine the description of food intake, anemia status, and learning achievement in young women of SMP Negeri 1 Parangloe, Gowa in 2019. This type of research is a descriptive study with a sample of 97 people. To find out the food intake of students, the 24-hour recall method was used, while the Cyanmethemoglobin method was used to measure Hb levels, and to measure their learning achievement was done by recording the average results of report cards. The results showed that 30.9% of female students suffered from anemia, 43.3% of female students with less energy intake, 28.9% with less protein intake, 44.3% with less iron intake, 58.8% with vitamin A intake is lacking, 56.7% with less vitamin C intake, 45.4% with less zinc intake. Regarding learning achievement, there are 23.7% of adolescent students with poor learning achievement. Seeing that there are still students with low academic achievement in SMP Negeri 1 Parangloe Gowa, it is recommended for students in addition to improving their learning, also increasing the consumption of foods rich in iron, protein, vitamin C, vitamin A, and zinc to prevent anemia which affects the learning achievement.

Quantitative literacy is an important skill needed by individuals in solving problems with quantitative situations in daily life. Thus, this paper aimed to identify quantitative literacy in solving the PISA problem based on gender differences. This study used descriptive research with a qualitative approach. Research subjects in this study were two tenth-grade students in middle school. They were one male student and one female student who have the similar mathematical ability. Data were collected by giving the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) problem, especially mathematical literacy, and using the interview method. The research results showed that the quantitative literacy of male student in solving PISA problems is by using fewless symbols to represent time and incomplete algorithms and procedures. In comparison, the quantitative literacy of female student in solving PISA problems is by using a more detailed description, more mathematical operations, and solving the problem according to algorithms and procedures. Furthermore, both students have quantitative literacy aspects, including interpretation, calculation, representation, assumption, analysis, and communication skills. Therefore, the quantitative literacy ability of students can be used as a reference for teachers to determine the modeling activities conducted by students in solving the PISA problem.

Regular breast self-examination in women is one of the practicable ways to screen, to detect earlier and to seek prompt medical attention of breast cancer in lowincome countries. The study aimed to assess breast self-examination practice and associated factors among female students of Bule Hora University from February- June 2019. A cross-sectional study was conducted using pretested, self-administered and structured data collection tools from regular and undergraduate class female students. Data were entered using Epi info. Version 7.2; and analyzed by SPSS version 20. Only 30 (14.78%) of the students were found to practice breast self-examination regularly. Being urban resident [(AOR= 2.757: 95% CI (1.471, 5.167)], perceived susceptibility to breast cancer [AOR =2.910, 95% CI (1.537, 5.508)] and having family history of the practice [AOR= 2.047: 95% CI (1.040, 4.028)] had shown a significant association with the practice of breast self -examination. Discussion about breast cancer and practicing breast self-examination among the students is very low. The students who came from rural communities did not yet perceive the susceptibility and; therefore, health education pertaining to the subject is recommended.

Background: Mental health problems and disordered eating, are more common in adolescents. This study investigated relationship between mental health and disordered eating in high school girls in southeast Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive correlational study accomplished in high school girls of Kerman at the southeast of Iran in 2019. Using three parts demographic, Standard General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) and Eating Attitudes questionnaire, (Eat-26) with three subscales: eating habits, desire to eat and oral control. We investigated high school girl's mental health and relationship with disordered eating with cluster sampling method (600 high school girl). Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the association between significant variables and the risk of General Health (Yes/No) and Eating attitude (Yes/No). Spearman correlation test, Mann–Witheny U test and Kruskal–Wallis test were used, and Significant level was considered at P < 0.05. Results: A direct and significant relationship between mental health and disordered eating (r = 0/19, P < 0.001). In other words, the higher the mental health disorder score, the higher the disordered eating score, and the higher disordered eating score, the higher mental problems. There was a direct and significant relationship between mental health and all aspects of disordered eating including eating habits (r = 0/12, P < 0.05), desire to eat (r = 0/1, P < 0.05) and oral control (r = 0/14, P < 0.001). Conclusions: It seems that the disordered eating and mental health have a determinant role in relationship with each other. Therefore, prevention and health promotion programs should be implemented to improve female adolescent mental health and reduce disordered eating. Plain English summary: Mental health is considered one of the determinants of people's general health, and disordered eating is frequent in adolescents with the highest prevalence in adolescent girls. The present study describes the correlation between mental health and disordered eating in Iranian High School Girls. 600 participants in this study. There was a strong relationship between mental health and disordered eating, which means the higher the mental health disorder score, the higher the disordered eating score, and the higher disordered eating score, the higher mental problems. High school eating disorders and mental health should be monitored by public health and School health services (SHS) to provide interventions which focus on preventing this kind of problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early-stage breast cancer can be detected by using the method of Breast Self Examination (BSE) on a monthly routine, but still rarely BSE practised among female students of Universitas Airlangga. Dimensions in HBM are perceived severity, perceived susceptibility, perceived benefit, perceived barriers, self-efficacy and cues to action used to explain individual changes in health behaviors. The study involved 273 participants from female students of Universitas Airlangga. Data analysis was performed by logistic regression. The measuring instrument used I-CHBMS to measure the six dimensions of the HBM. Results show HBM has a simultaneous association with BSE practice. Strong predictors are self-efficacy and cues to action. BSE health education programs should focus on increasing self-efficacy and identifying relevant cues to action among female students of Universitas Airlangga. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to determine the relationship between gender role stress levels and career plans of female university students. Design and Methods: The cross-sectional research was conducted with 775 female university students. Results: The gender role stress of the students was found to be moderate (69.4±16.9). Those who graduated from vocational high school, who could not freely make their career choice, and those who said that family and society were more effective in career choice, were significantly higher in gender role stress than other groups (p<0.05). Conclusions: It can be suggested that the education curriculum should be arranged in a way to reduce the gender role stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore environmental constraints that hindered the physical activity of female students in daily life, and then to provide alternatives to improve the problems based on the social ecological model. Methods Research participants were twelve female students to be selected in two schools(Norang, Parang middle school), the process of data collection(orientation, photovoice implementation, focus group interview) and analysis(choosing a photo, contextualizing, subjecting) were conducted according to the Photo-voice. Results The constraints of physical activity in daily life were categorized on ‘playground as like a desert’(leisure domain), ‘space of recess and in-active play’(family domain), ‘transportation replaced by mom and dad car’(transportation domain), ‘space of the only exercise as well as reproduction of gender discrimination’(school domain). Conclusions The environmental constraints were analyzed as academic, physical, daily living, socio-cultural environment. Lastly, alternatives for promoting physical activity of female student were proposed in the level of organization, community, public policy based on the social ecological model.

Critical thinking abilities are very important to improve the quality of thinking and make students better understand the content that has been studied. But in reality, students' critical thinking skills are still very low. So it is necessary to have a study that describes the critical thinking skills of these students . The purpose of this study is to describe students' critical thinking skills at the abstraction level in solving space construction problems. This research is a qualitative descriptive type because it describes in detail the critical thinking ability of Van Hiele's abstraction level in solving space construction problems. The instruments of this research are the van Hiele geometry test, the space construction problem solving test, and the interview guide. The research subjects consisted of one student of class VIII of SMP Negeri 2 Pamekasan at the Van Hiele level of Abstraction. The selection of female subjects in this study was due to the fact that female subjects were more communicative in expressing what was in their minds making it easier for researchers to uncover critical thinking of students at the level of Van Hiele abstraction. The results showed that the subject solved the space construction problem according to the critical thinking indicator stage but was not perfect because the subject made an error when solving the problem (indicator evaluation), so that the final answer obtained was not correct. This affects the conclusions obtained (inference indicators) namely the subject draws conclusions but the answers are not correct.

Introduction: Changes that happened in the adolescent population marks by puberty and complex emotional change, social adaptation to be more mature, and sexual identity development to reach the reproductive organ maturation. Methods: This study employed a survey method with the cross-sectional approach. The study population was 28 third-year female students at Sidorejo Pare Christian School. From the total population, twenty-five participants in this study selected by a purposive sampling technique. Two variables, independent variable (nutritional status), dependent variables (the age of menarche), and control variable (social-economic status, health, consumption of medication, and psychological status) involved in this study. Results: Ninety-two percent of the participants had a normal nutritional status. While the rest four percent of them had an underweight nutritional status. The highest percentage of the age of menarche was 11 years old. While the youngest and the oldest age of menarche were 9 and 13, respectively. Ninety-two percent of the participants were experiencing menarche at the age of 9-11 years old, while eight percent of the participants were experiencing menarche at the age of 12 and 14. Conclusion: The oldest and youngest age of menarche found was 11 and 9 years old, respectively. Ninety-two percent of the participant with good nutritional status were experiencing menarche at the age of 9-11. There was a correlation between the nutritional status (according to the index of body weight/body height) with the age of menarche.

The objective of the research was to find out the social representations that the mother students of a higher education institution have about correction and punishment. A background check on child abuse made it possible to identify that some cases associated with such event are subsumed under the premise of corrective and punishment actions, placing the mother as the main alleged aggressor. This requires considering the different conditions in which motherhood is exercised. Methodologically, the structural study of social representations, proposed by J.C. Apric, was used. The findings suggest that, although there is a semantic difference between correction and punishment, references related to abuse underlie as a common element. This constitutes an aspect of a cultural nature, which, in association with different risk factors, such as the simultaneity of roles, might increase the risk of negative parenting practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted descriptively and correlationally to examine the relationship between premenstrual syndrome and healthy lifestyle behaviors among university students. Premenstrual syndrome is one of the problems seen in women of reproductive age. A descriptive correlation study. The study was carried out with 677 female students at Mehmet Akif Ersoy University. The data were collected using personal information form, Premenstrual Syndrome Scale, Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Scale-II. In the analysis of the data; percentage distribution, Chi-square test, Independent Samples t-test, and Logistic regression analysis were used. Average age of students included in the study is 20:27±1.60. 73.3 percent of the students were menarche age 13-15 years, mean menstrual period 27.65±3.68 years, 76.4 percent menstruation period between 5-7 days, 87.6 percent stated regular menstruation, 81.4 percent had experienced dysmenorrhea. Premenstrual syndrome was found in 62% of the participating students. Students' scores of Premenstrual Syndrome were 121.30 ± 34.02, scores of Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Scale-II were 123.50±18.63. In this study, the presence of dysmenorrhea, using salt before tasting the dish, the mother’s premenstrual syndrome were determined as factors affecting the premenstrual syndrome prevalence of female students. Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Scale-II showed that spiritual development, feeding behavior lower sizes affected the premenstrual syndrome prevalence. As a result, it is seen that prevalence premenstrual syndrome prevalence is high and healthy lifestyle behaviors are at the medium level among university students. Women need to be addressed from ages of adolescence to cope with premenstrual syndrome, to promote healthy lifestyle behaviors.

Abstract Background The impact of iron and vitamin D supplements among adolescent is not well understood. The prevalence of supplement use, and the behavioral intentions of adolescents was studied to better understand the data on supplement intake. We used the theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to explore the determinants that influence supplement intake, and its potential constructs to examine determinants that influence dietary supplement behavior towards the use of iron and vitamin D supplements amongst a sample of Iranian schoolgirl. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of 485 adolescent girls aged 12–17 years. Multiple analytical models including hierarchical regression and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used to examine the association between TPB constructs and adolescent’s behavioral intentions to consume dietary supplements. Results Based on the results of SEM, constructs of TPB and knowledge were found to predict 74% of the variation in the behavioral intentions of the schoolgirls. SEM indicated that perceived behavioral control (PBC) and knowledge had significant associations with intention behaviors to take nutritional supplements. Conclusion TPB and its constructs were used to establish the determinants of iron and vitamin D intake among schoolgirls in Iran. This outcome indicates that efforts to promote behavioral intentions through targeting subjective norms, attitude, and PBC may promote supplement use.

Dysmenorrhea is one of the most common gynecological problems in women of all ages, the incidence of dysmenorrhea in the world is very large on average more than 50% of women in every world experience it. Muhammadiyah Senior High School is one of the best schools in Palangka Raya. Based on the observations that have been done by researcher the results are many students got dysmenorrhea with severe pain and certainly this condition will disrupt daily activity, especially when teaching and learning and so extracurricular activities. Therefore, research about the level of dysmenorrhea knowledge is needed. The research method was used in this research was a descriptive method with the technique of sampling purposive sampling with 10 statements questionnaire consist of 4 indicators there is the definition of dysmenorrhea, signs, and symptoms of dysmenorrhea, causes of dysmenorrhea and how to treat and prevent dysmenorrhea. Based on the results of the study was found that the level of dysmenorrhea knowledge female students Muhammadiyah Senior High School of Palangka Raya included in the sufficient category with percentage 66,67%, meanwhile based on knowledge indicators, definition of dysmenorrhea was 73.22% (sufficient category), signs and symptoms of dysmenorrhea was 58.93% (sufficient category), causes of dysmenorrhea was 63.69% (sufficient category) and how to treat and prevent dysmenorrhea was 68.75% (sufficient category). Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the level of dysmenorrhea knowledge female students Muhammadiyah Senior High School of Palangka Raya included in category sufficient to know with percentage 66.67%.

Young generations of Saudi Arabia have adapted a culture of eating fast food items, which are rich in salt. Excess salt intake is a threat to cardiovascular functioning and risk for various cardiovascular diseases. The study, therefore, determines the prevalence and consumption of fast food, the level of physical activity, and the occurrence of hypertension among female students. A cross-sectional study design has been employed to include female students from the College of Arts and Science and Applied Medical Science Wadi Addawasir from January to April 2018. Chi-square/Fisher Exact test has been used for determining the occurrence of categorical variables. The questionnaire was intended to determine fast food habits prevalent among students. 97% of the students consumed fast food daily, 34% of the students were classified as prehypertensive, and 16.4% of the students were classified as hypertensive. Diastolic blood pressure was more compared to systolic blood pressure. Moreover, it was reported that 87% of the students knew the health effects of fast food. 58% of the students were not involved in physical activity and 49% of the students consumed soft drinks along with fast food. 70% of the students used table salt and 57% of the students felt thirsty after fast-food consumption. 55% of the students showed a positive response to the family history of hypertension. The findings have also shown a positive relationship between daily soft drink consumption and the incidence of prehypertension and hypertension among students. Increased consumption of salt-rich fast food, physical inactivity, genetic background of hypertension, prehypertensive and hypertensive conditions observed in the present study may expose to various cardiovascular diseases among the adult population in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research is a qualitative phenomenological approach, aims to analyze the factors that trigger the student premarital sexual behavior in children of migrant workers. Data collected by the snowball technique and purposive through observation, interviews, and documentation. The validity of the data using triangulation confirmation. Analysis of the data used is an interactive model of Miles and Huberman. The findings of this study indicate: (1) a permissive attitude towards dating; (2) lack of knowledge and information that is not true of reproductive health; (3) lack of self-control on mahasisianak migrant workers; (4) conformity peers makes the subject tends to follow the custom of peergropnya; (5) social and cultural conditions of permissiveness towards modernization and globalization; (6) family background and lack of moral education from an early age from family; (7) lack of good role models and a lack of parental supervision. Further studies should be done on a pornographic media exposure variables, and modeling of the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Menarche is a landmark in the life of a woman. There are very little data on possible factors influencing the age at menarche in Vietnamese populations. This study was designed to identify secular trends in the age at menarche and to investigate the possible factors that influence the age at menarche. Methods: Data was collected from 1,200 female students using a targeted examination system with a direct interview technique. Our current research was conducted at Thu Duc General Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam from May 2018 to April 2019. Cross-sectional information was applied for a univariate survey, to complete the representation of factors and their characteristics on the list information; and for a bivariate examination, to discover the relationship between factors. Results: Most of student (54.0%) had periods at an early age, 37.8% had periods at a typical age, and 8.2% had periods at the later age. The outcomes also exposed 10.3% of students had sporadic menstrual cycles, but a large proportion of respondents (70.3%) suffered from menstrual discomfort. The relationship between the age of menstruation and financial variables remained considered very important. Female students with a lower average age at menarche live in urban areas where family wages are high relative to those in the provincial territories and where family wage collection is central or low. Conclusion: The majority of female students were getting early age at menarche, which associated with urban livings. This may cause several pressures on medical system due to risks of psychological problems and nutritional dysfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study sought to discover how lecturer attitudes and competencies influence academic performance of university female students, since they are generally lagging behind in academic performance at a university in Masvingo Province, Zimbabwe. The transactional theory is the main theory that anchored this study. The population comprised all Part two to Part four female university students and all the lecturers that taught the female students who were at the institution. A sample of 25 female students and 5 lecturers in four faculties was selected using the convenience sampling strategy. The study employed a case study research design which involved use of individual interviews and focus group discussions to collect data. Data was analysed in narrative form and thematically. The study revealed that the academic performance of female university students was determined by lecturer attitudes and competencies. The study recommends the training of lecturers who are holders of non-teaching degrees in order to improve their competencies and in-service training for the old horses so as to renew, sharpen their minds and refine their skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]