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Dietary supplements including vitamins, minerals, and natural health products are commonly consumed by those aiming to optimize fertility and pregnancy outcomes. The aim of this survey was to describe supplementation practices among individuals who were pregnant or trying to conceive in Vancouver, Canada. An online survey was conducted among 500 individuals who were pregnant (n = 250) or trying to conceive (n = 250). Participants met a substantial proportion of vitamin and mineral recommendations through supplements alone. Exceptions included calcium, magnesium, and choline, with median (interquartile range (IQR)) supplementation doses reported by those who were pregnant and trying to conceive, respectively, of: 250 (200 and 250 mg) and 250 (200 and 250 mg), 50 (50 and 75 mg) and 50 (50 and 90 mg), and 53 (10 and 150 mg) and 55 (10 and 100 mg), as compared to perinatal recommendations of 1000 mg/day (calcium), 350 mg/day (magnesium), and 450 mg/day (choline). Conversely, median (IQR) doses of folate reported by those who were pregnant and trying to conceive, respectively, were: 1000 (780 and 1000 µg) and 1000 (800 and 1000 µg), with ∼70% overall (337/471) reporting doses ≥1000 µg (the tolerable upper intake level). Most participants (451/500; 90%) reported supplementation with a prenatal multivitamin; of these, 83% reported that supplementation occurred daily. Overall, as diet was not considered, we cannot ascertain whether recommendations for calcium, magnesium, and choline were met through the combination of supplements and foods; however, we believe that additional supplementation with choline may be required to meet recommendations in pregnancy. Excessive folate supplementation has been previously identified as a concern throughout North America; here, we provide further evidence for excessively high doses consumed via supplements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Alzheimer's disease and other dementia have a higher incidence among women and that risk factors specific to the female sex could be involved. Few studies looked into female reproductive factors and their association with dementia in low‐and middle‐income countries. Materials and Methods: We analyzed the baseline data from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI‐Brazil) and included data from 2594 women aged 60 years and older. We used an algorithm approach to determine dementia status and performed logistic regressions using as predictors the self‐reported total length of the reproductive period, total parity and use of hormonal replacement therapy. We also analyzed the effects of hormonal replacement therapy use for different age groups and the effects of number of living children. Results: Reproductive period length, hormonal replacement therapy use and parity as a continuous measure were not significantly associated with dementia status. When compared with 0 births, the group with 5–8 had more dementia while the other groups displayed no differences. For the number of living children, but a higher occurrence of dementia was found among women with more children. Conclusions: We did not find any association between continuous parity, reproductive period length or hormonal replacement therapy use and dementia. Social factors of motherhood appear to play an important role, and group specific effects of parity and hormonal replacement therapy require further study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the impact of short-term low energy availability (LEA) on vascular function in young, regularly menstruating women. Methods: Participants were 19 women, aged 22.9 ± 4.2 years, with body mass index 18–30 kg·m2. They were divided into two groups and completed two conditions in a crossover design: a 3-day control condition (CON) with an energy availability of 45 kcals·kgFFM−1·day−1 and a 3-day LEA condition of 15 kcals·kgFFM−1 day–1. Assessments were conducted during the early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. Outcome measures included forearm blood flow (FBF), heart rate, blood pressure, arterial stiffness, resting energy expenditure (REE), metabolic blood markers and body composition. Results: Significant time-by-condition interactions were found for resting FBF (p =.004), REE (p =.042), triiodothyronine (p =.006), β-hydroxybutyrate (p =.002) and body mass (p <.001). Resting FBF was 1.43 ± 1.01 and 1.31 ± 0.61 (arbitrary units) at pre and post, respectively, in LEA and 1.52 ± 0.7 and 1.76 ± 0.57 at pre and post in CON. The LEA condition led to a decrease in triiodothyronine (pre: 1.54 ± 0.28, post: 1.29 ± 0.27 ng ml−1), REE (pre: 1588 ± 165, post: 1487 ± 160 kcals day−1) and body mass (pre: 61.4 ± 7.5, post: 59.6 ± 7.3 kg). Changes in resting FBF were significantly correlated with changes in REE in the LEA condition (r = 0.53; p = 0.02). Conclusion: Short-term LEA modifies regional blood flow and this might contribute to the observed decreased in REE. Findings emphasize the need for careful management of energy availability in populations at risk of LEA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and Hypothesis: Postpartum urinary incontinence (UI) is common and a concern for many women, as UI leads to a lower quality of life and self-esteem. Perineal tears may be a risk factor for UI, yet few studies have investigated the association between the degree of perineal tear and risk of developing UI postpartum. The objective was to examine how the degree of perineal tear and selected obstetric risk factors were associated with any UI and stress ultrasound (SUI) 12 months postpartum among primiparous women. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted at four Danish hospitals. Baseline data were obtained at a clinical examination 2 weeks postpartum. Symptoms of UI were evaluated 12 months postpartum by the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence Short Form questionnaire (web-based). Multivariate regression analyses were performed to investigate the risk factors for UI. Results: A total of 603 primiparous women (203 with none/labia/first-degree tears, 200 with second-degree tears and 200 with third-/fourth-degree tears) were included between July 2015 and January 2018. Women with tears involving the perineal muscles reported any UI more often than women with no/labia or first-degree tears (spontaneous second-degree tear: RR 2.04, 95% CI 0.92–4.50; episiotomy: RR 2.22, 95% CI 0.99–4.96; third- or fourth-degree tear: RR 2.73, 95% CI 1.18–6.28). The same was found for SUI, but with wider confidence intervals. Conclusions: A higher prevalence of any UI and SUI was found among women with perineal tears involving any perineal muscles, compared with women with no, labia, or first-degree tears. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. Its prevalence varies with the type of diagnostic criteria used. PCOS is also associated with social stigma and lack of knowledge. Due to its heterogeneous presentation, symptoms and complications of PCOS may vary from person to person. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and knowledge regarding PCOS in young college-going girls in Central India. Materials and Methods: This is a questionnaire-based study. The study included 18 questions assessing knowledge and prevalence of PCOS. Results: We included 371 participants in the study with a mean age of 20.77 ± 2.11 years. The mean body mass index of all the participants was around 20.4 kg/m². The prevalence of PCOS as per the Rotterdam criteria was found to be 9.4% in our study. Conclusion: We investigated PCOS prevalence and knowledge among young girls in Central India. Most individuals in our survey understood that lifestyle changes such as exercise, healthy sleep, and diet can help manage and prevent PCOS, but adherence is still low. Lifestyle has a major influence on PCOS's multifactorial pathogenesis. PCOS awareness needs to be raised through more programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Females historically experience sleep disturbances and overall poor sleep compared to males. Creatine has been proposed to impact sleep; however, the effects are not well known. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of creatine supplementation on sleep among naturally menstruating females. Twenty-one participants completed a double-blind, randomized controlled trial in which they consumed 5 g creatine + 5 g maltodextrin or placebo, 10 g maltodextrin, daily for 6 weeks. Participants completed resistance training 2x/week using the TONAL® (Tonal Systems Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA) at-home gym. Pre- and post-testing assessed body composition, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), dietary intake, and muscular strength. Sleep was assessed nightly using an ŌURA® (Oulu, Finland) ring. Compared to the placebo group, those consuming creatine experienced significant increases in total sleep on training days (p = 0.013). No significant changes in chronic sleep and PSQI (pre–post) were observed. There was a significant increase in TONAL® strength score over time (p < 0.001), with no between-group differences. Participants reduced their total calorie (kcal) (p = 0.039), protein (g/kg) (p = 0.009), carbohydrate (g/kg) (p = 0.023), and fat (g) (p = 0.036) intake over time. Creatine supplementation increases sleep duration on resistance training days in naturally menstruating females. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Long COVID, also known as Post-COVID-19 syndrome, is characterized by multisystemic symptoms that persists for weeks to years beyond acute infection. It disproportionately affects women and those with preexisting anxiety/depression, conditions more prevalent in females. The vagus nerve, with its extensive innervation and regulation of critical bodily functions, has become a focal point for therapeutic interventions. Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (t-VNS) has emerged as a promising non-invasive treatment for COVID-19 conditions. Methods: This pilot study assessed the efficacy of t-VNS in 24 female Long COVID patients (45.8  ±  11.7  years old; 20.2  ±  7.1  months since infection), who underwent a 10-day  t-VNS intervention at home (30  min/session, twice a day). Cognition was considered the primary outcome, with anxiety, depression, sleep, fatigue, and smell as secondary outcomes. Outcomes were measured at baseline, post-intervention, and 1-month follow-up. Results: Significant improvements were observed in various cognitive functions, anxiety, depression, and sleep at post-intervention, with benefits remaining or progressing at 1-month follow-up. Improvements in fatigue were delayed, reaching statistical significance at 1-month follow-up compared to baseline. No significant changes were noted in olfactory performance. Conclusion: This pilot study provides preliminary evidence supporting the potential of t-VNS as a therapeutic intervention for female Long COVID patients. The encouraging results justify further rigorous investigation through larger, randomized controlled trials to confirm the efficacy of t-VNS, assess its generalizability to male cohorts, and explore biological markers to inform personalized treatment approaches. Our findings support the allocation of resources to conduct such trials and advance the understanding of t-VNS as a potential treatment for Long COVID. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: In Rwanda, epilepsy prevalence ranges between 29‰ and 49‰. Many women living with epilepsy (WwE) are of childbearing age. Epilepsy characteristics and management, contraception, pregnancy, puerperium and stigma in WwE presenting at the neurology clinic of Ndera, Rwanda, were investigated. Methods: This prospective cross‐sectional study investigated demographics, epilepsy characteristics, treatment, contraception, folic acid use, pregnancy, puerperium and stigma in WwE aged ≥18 years. Subgroups were analysed by status of any pregnancy and time of epilepsy diagnosis relative to pregnancy, with significant differences expected. Results: During December 2020 and January 2021, a hundred WwE were enrolled (range 18–67 years). Fifty‐two women had never been pregnant, 39 women had epilepsy onset before pregnancy and nine were diagnosed after pregnancy. No significant differences in age, marital status or occupation were observed. Contraception was used by 27%, of whom 50% were taking enzyme‐inducing anti‐epileptic medication. Valproate was used by 46% of WwE of reproductive age. Thirty‐nine women with epilepsy onset before pregnancy reported 91 pregnancies, with 14% spontaneous abortions. None used folic acid before conception, and 59% only during pregnancy. Five of 78 newborns were preterm. No offspring had major congenital malformations. Nearly 25% of WwE were not compliant with their anti‐epileptic medication schedule during pregnancy or breastfeeding. Internalized stigma was observed in more than 60%. Up to 25% had been discriminated against at school or work. Conclusion: A comprehensive strategy considering the reproductive health and societal challenges of WwE is needed to drive optimal epilepsy management, reproductive health outcomes and societal inclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases. Previous studies have shown differences in glucose metabolism between males and females. Moreover, difficulties in medication adherence have been reported in females with type 2 diabetes. These observations are believed to be caused by fluctuations in sex hormone concentrations during the menstrual cycle. Furthermore, gut microbiota is linked to female host metabolism and sex hormone production. Understanding the interactions between fluctuating hormone concentrations during the menstrual cycle, gut microbiota, and glucose metabolism in humans is significant because of the increasing prevalence of diabetes and the consequent need to expand preventive efforts. A literature search was performed to determine and summarize the existing evidence, deduce future research needs to maintain female health, and investigate the relationship between the physiological menstrual cycle and glucose metabolism. Studies from 1967 to 2020 have already examined the relationship between variations during the menstrual cycle and glucose metabolism in healthy female subjects using an oral-glucose tolerance test or intravenous glucose tolerance test. However, the overall number of studies is rather small and the results are contradictory, as some studies detected differences in glucose concentrations depending on the different cycle phases, whereas others did not. Some studies reported lower glucose levels in the follicular phase than in the luteal phase, whereas another study detected the opposite. Data on gut microbiota in relation to the menstrual cycle are limited. Conflicting results exist when examining the effect of hormonal contraceptives on the gut microbiota and changes in the course of the menstrual cycle. The results indicate that the menstrual cycle, especially fluctuating sex hormones, might impact the gut microbiota composition. The menstrual cycle may affect the gut microbiota composition and glucose metabolism. These results indicate that glucose tolerance may be the greatest in the follicular phase; however, further well-conducted studies are needed to support this assumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forced migration is a significant global challenge affecting millions of people worldwide. Women and girls, in particular, face unique health risks during forced migration, including sexual and gender-based violence, pregnancy complications and limited access to healthcare services. This article examines the role of digital technologies in promoting health equity among female refugees and asylum seekers. It shows the potential of digitalization to address the unique health needs of women in forced migration contexts. Digitalization, including mobile health (mHealth) technologies and online platforms, can potentially improve women's health outcomes in forced migration contexts. The article draws on extant literature, and digitalization was shown to improve health literacy among women forced to migrate; and also make access to health information and services easier. From the literature, themes, which include access to health information and inclusive design methodologies, were discussed in the context of the digitalization of women's health in forced migration. Recommendations for interventions in this area were also proffered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physical activity is broadly recognized for promoting weight reduction and bestowing numerous health benefits. Nonetheless, robust evidence concerning the impact of physical activity on postmenopausal women, undergoing physiological shifts, remains scant. This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between physical activity and body composition among postmenopausal women. Employing a cross-sectional and retrospective design, 702 women were examined. Data on physical activity and body composition were amassed through anthropometric assessments and Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA). A significant proportion of women exhibited anthropometric alterations indicative of overweight/obesity, alongside elevated values in Waist Circumference (WC), Waist-to-Hip Ratio, Waist-to-Height, and bone mass, signifying a heightened risk for disease onset. While a majority engaged in some form of physical activity, this did not yield notable reductions in the assessed metrics. Noteworthy changes were only discerned in BMI and bone mass among pre-menopausal women; whereas among postmenopausal women, in addition to disparities in bone mass, those inactive were 1.18 times more prone to a very high disease risk, as gauged by WC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The review article discusses the issues of studying occupational factors on the reproductive health of female flight attendants. The purpose of the study is to identify a correlation between reproductive health disorders of flight attendants and flight factors. Literature data from the Fundamental Library of the Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov, online sci-hub library «CyberLeninka», e-library and PubMed was analyzed and systematized. Such professional factors as: ionizing radiation, physical stress in flight, work in a plantigrade position, disturbance of the regime of working, resting time and eating patterns, constant change of climatic zones, desynchronosis, – were identified. An analysis of the literature has shown that a number of issues related to flight factors and women's health remain poorly understood. It is advisable to study in detail the flight factors: vibration, noise, acceleration, hypoxia, pressure drops, and their impact on the reproductive system of female specialists working in aviation.

Abstract Currently, women around the world are still suffering from various female common diseases with the high incidence, such as ovarian cancer, uterine fibroids and preeclampsia (PE), and some diseases are even with the high mortality rate. As a negative feedback regulator in G Protein-Coupled Receptor signaling (GPCR), the Regulator of G-protein Signaling (RGS) protein family participates in regulating kinds of cell biological functions by destabilizing the enzyme–substrate complex through the transformation of hydrolysis of G Guanosine Triphosphate (GTP). Recent work has indicated that, the Regulator of G-protein Signaling 2 (RGS2), a member belonging to the RGS protein family, is closely associated with the occurrence and development of certain female diseases, providing with the evidence that RGS2 functions in sustaining women’s health. In this review paper, we summarize the current knowledge of RGS2 in female common diseases, and also tap and discuss its therapeutic potential by targeting multiple mechanisms.

A 19-year-old female, known case of bipolar disorder had history of amenorrhea (absence of menstruation) for three years. While other causes of amenorrhea such as CNS, pregnancy, other medications, and thyroid issues were ruled out, she was found to have hyper-prolactinemia. Although antipsychotic medications are known to cause amenorrhea due to dopamine receptor blockade, which may result in hyperprolactinemia, the patient’s symptoms began before she started these medications. Only drug that she was on for long period is lithium. Current literature shows mixed evidence about lithium’s impact on prolactin levels, which can affect menstruation. This case may represent the first report of lithium causing amenorrhea through elevated prolactin levels. Clinicians should be aware of this potential side effect and monitor patients accordingly. Further studies are needed to confirm and understand this potential link.

Rationale & Objective: Pregnancy in females with kidney disease is not uncommon and is associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. The use of contraception in females with chronic kidney disease remains low. We sought to describe the perspectives of female patients with advanced chronic kidney disease on the use of contraception. Study Design: Qualitative study. Setting & Participants: We conducted 5 focus group interviews involving 16 adult female patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (n = 3 nondialysis nontransplant chronic kidney disease, n = 9 kidney transplant, and n = 4 kidney failure receiving dialysis) in the United States, following which thematic saturation was reached. Analytical Approach: Interview transcripts were analyzed thematically. Results: We identified the following 5 themes: 1) variable knowledge regarding reproductive health with kidney disease, 2) inadequate counseling about contraceptive use, 3) lack of interdisciplinary coordination regarding contraceptive use, 4) insufficient educational resources available to guide the contraceptive discussion, and 5) need for research to better understand reproductive needs in females with kidney disease. Limitations: Patients were from a single center in the United States, and the study is limited by the transferability of findings to other settings. Conclusions: Patients with chronic kidney disease report emotional challenges with reproductive health, lack of counseling and care coordination, and insufficient resources for contraceptive use. Strategies to strengthen these factors may improve the quality of reproductive care and increase contraceptive use for females with chronic kidney disease. Plain-Language Summary: Pregnancy in females with kidney disease is common and associated with a higher risk of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes, but the use of contraception remains low. Little is known about female patients’ experiences in contraceptive use that may contribute to low contraceptive use in this high-risk population. In the present study using focus group interviews, patients with chronic kidney disease reported emotional challenges with reproductive health, lack of counseling and care coordination, and insufficient resources for contraceptive use. Interventions are needed to strengthen these factors to improve the quality of reproductive care and increase contraceptive use for females with chronic kidney disease.

IntroductionThe menopause transition is associated with several cardiometabolic risk factors. Poor cardiometabolic health is further linked to microvascular brain lesions, which can be detected as white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) using T2-FLAIR magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Females show higher risk for WMHs post-menopause, but it remains unclear whether changes in cardiometabolic risk factors underlie menopause-related increase in brain pathology.MethodsIn this study, we assessed whether cross-sectional measures of cardiometabolic health, including body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), blood lipids, blood pressure, and long-term blood glucose (HbA1c), as well as longitudinal changes in BMI and WHR, differed according to menopausal status at baseline in 9,882 UK Biobank females (age range 40–70 years, n premenopausal = 3,529, n postmenopausal = 6,353). Furthermore, we examined whether these cardiometabolic factors were associated with WMH outcomes at the follow-up assessment, on average 8.78 years after baseline.ResultsPostmenopausal females showed higher levels of baseline blood lipids (HDL β = 0.14, p

Background: Infertility can have a significant impact on the identity of women. Individual women, who are infertile, experience tragic emotions, as well as those who are sad for great losses, like the death of a loved one. In this case, the woman is experiencing the loss of the ability to procreate. Aim: In the present study, our major concern was to implement the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) Questionnaire on South Indian polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) women to assess the impact of various clinical features of polycystic ovary syndrome on the HRQOL of South Indian women diagnosed. Settings and Design: A total of 126 females in the first phase and 356 females in the second phase between the age group of 18–40 years characterised under the Rotterdam criteria were selected for the study. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out in three different phases which included a one-to-one interview, group discussion and questionnaire session. In our study, we found that all the females who attend the study showed positivity for all the domains developed in the previous study and suggested that further domain can be developed. Statistical Analysis Used: Suitable statistical methods were used with Graph pad PRISM (version 6). Results: Hence, in our study, we developed a further new sixth domain called as 'social impact domain'. Among South Indian PCOS women, we found that infertility and social issue have the most significant impact on HRQOL. Conclusion: The revised questionnaire by including the sixth domain called 'Social issue' is likely to be useful in measuring the quality of health of female having PCOS in regard to South Indian population.

Background Sleep duration is strongly associated with hypertension, but its effect on H-type hypertension in female population is not well characterized. Objective The examine the effect of sleep duration on the prevalence of H-type hypertension in female population. Methods A cross-sectional study design was used. One thousand seven hundred and nine female hypertensive inpatients were selected from Department of General Medicine and Geriatric Department of Hunan Provincial People's Hospital from July 2018 to December 2020, among whom those who with serum Hcy≥10 μmol/L and the others were assigned into H-type hypertension and non-H-type hypertension groups, respectively. Binary Logistic regression was used to assess the correlation of between sleep duration and H-type hypertension across three groups with different self-reported mean daily sleep durations in the past month (8 h) , and to further assess the correlation between the two across by age (≤60 and >60) . Results The distribution of age, education level and marital status differed across three groups with different daily sleep durations (P8 h. The distribution of age, education level, living area (urban or rural) , marital status, BMI, exercise status, and daily sleep duration, as well as prevalence of drinking between H-type hypertension group〔973 (56.93%) 〕 and non-H-type hypertension group〔736 (43.07%) 〕 (P

AbstractLouisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport (LSUHSC-S) serves a largely minority-based, urban population. This study aims to identify trends in urine drug screen (UDS) results among females aged 18–35 visiting State University during 1998–2011 and 2012–2019. Using two databases extracted from the electronic medical record system, we performed statistical analysis of demographics and UDS results. Young females aged 18–35 mostly tested positive for cannabinoids and opiates during both periods, 1998–2011 and 2012–2019. African-American females had a higher percentage of positive UDS for illicit drugs, such as cannabinoids and cocaine, while Caucasian females had a higher rate for prescription drugs such as opiates, benzodiazepines, and amphetamine. Between 1998–2011 and 2012–2019, trends in drug screen results changed in both populations, with Caucasian females showing a drastic increase in amphetamines and African-American females showing increase in opiates and cannabinoids during 2012–2019. GatewayNet analysis (sequential-rule mining for inducing causation) for 2012–2019 indicated that a positive screen for amphetamines is likely preceded by a positive screen for cannabinoids, and benzodiazepines may be preceded by opiates. Our results emphasize the importance of drug use monitoring among young females of childbearing age. GatewayNet analysis implies a sequential nature to drug positivity on urine drug screening in this population.

Currently, women around the world are still suffering from various female common diseases with the high incidence, such as ovarian cancer, uterine fibroids and preeclampsia (PE), and some diseases are even with the high mortality rate. As a negative feedback regulator in G Protein-Coupled Receptor signaling (GPCR), the Regulator of G-protein Signaling (RGS) protein family participates in regulating kinds of cell biological functions by destabilizing the enzyme–substrate complex through the transformation of hydrolysis of G Guanosine Triphosphate (GTP). Recent work has indicated that, the Regulator of G-protein Signaling 2 (RGS2), a member belonging to the RGS protein family, is closely associated with the occurrence and development of certain female diseases, providing with the evidence that RGS2 functions in sustaining women's health. In this review paper, we summarize the current knowledge of RGS2 in female common diseases, and also tap and discuss its therapeutic potential by targeting multiple mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interest in cardiac vagal activity (CVA; e.g., parasympathetically-mediated heart rate variability) as a biomarker of physical and mental health has increased exponentially in recent years. However, the understanding of sources of within-person change (i.e., intra-individual variance) in CVA is lagging behind. This systematic review and meta-analysis summarizes and quantifies current empirical evidence of within-person changes in measures of CVA across the menstrual cycle in naturally-cycling premenopausal females. We conducted an extensive literature search following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement in five databases to identify observational studies with repeated measures of CVA in at least two menstrual cycle phases. A broad meta-analysis (nstudies = 37; nindividuals = 1,004) revealed a significant CVA decrease from the follicular to luteal phase (d = -0.39, 95% CI (-0.67, -0.11)). Furthermore, 21 studies allowed for finer-grained comparisons between each of two cycle phases (menstrual, mid-to-late follicular, ovulatory, early-to-mid luteal, and premenstrual). Significant decreases in CVA were observed from the menstrual to premenstrual (nstudies = 5; nindividuals = 200; d = -1.17, 95% CI (-2.18, -0.17)) and from the mid-to-late follicular to premenstrual phases (nstudies = 8; nindividuals = 280; d = -1.32, 95% CI (-2.35, -0.29)). In conclusion, meta-analyses indicate the presence of CVA fluctuations across the menstrual cycle. Future studies involving CVA should control for cycle phase. Recommendations for covarying or selecting cycle phase are provided.

Introduction Despite progress in eliminating the social and health disparity between men and women during the last century, gender equality remains an elusive goal, particularly in the developing world. This gender-based bias has been found to directly result into poor health outcome in females. Hence, it is vital to know the number and pattern of surgical diseases affecting females in any setup, so as to improve their admission rates and reach out to this neglected half of population. Materials and Methods This was a demographic study done at a teaching hospital in Central India from January to June 2020. Data of patients discharged from female surgery ward were collected from medical record department. Age, diagnosis, urban–rural distribution, and length of hospital stay of patients were noted, and data were analyzed statistically. Results A total of 187 patient records were studied, which revealed that the mean age of the patients was 40.35 years; maximum patients were of gastrointestinal surgery (53.42%) in which the most common diagnosis was cholelithiasis (25.13%). Urological diseases (15.50%), breast diseases (12.83%), perianal disease (9.09%), and thyroid diseases (5.34%) were found in decreasing order of frequency. Overall hospital stays of patients ranged from 1 to 14 days with average stay of 6.35 days. Conclusion In our study, cholelithiasis was found to be the most common surgically treated disease followed by urological diseases. Breast symptoms, although commonly affecting females, did not turn into admissions as there remains a social taboo attached to it. Breast cancer still presents late, despite being the most common cancer in females in India. Approximately 65% patients were discharged within first 5 days of their admission, which indicates good hospital care and improves patient satisfaction levels. Still there is greater need for public health efforts to improve the monitoring, safety, and availability of surgical services to female patients.

This is the first of two articles providing an overview of the female reproductive system. This article looks at the internal organs associated with the female reproductive system, as well as the vulva. The author describes the relevant pathophysiology and provides an outline of disorders associated with these reproductive organs. The role of health professionals in managing and treating these disorders is discussed, and the importance of providing women-centred care highlighted. A case study and care plan is used to illustrate the importance of individualised care, including history taking, assessment of the presenting symptoms, treatment strategies, health education and advice on follow-up actions. A second article will provide an overview of breasts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physical activity is broadly recognized for promoting weight reduction and bestowing numerous health benefits. Nonetheless, robust evidence concerning the impact of physical activity on postmenopausal women, undergoing physiological shifts, remains scant. This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between physical activity and body composition among postmenopausal women. Employing a cross-sectional and retrospective design, 702 women were examined. Data on physical activity and body composition were amassed through anthropometric assessments and Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA). A significant proportion of women exhibited anthropometric alterations indicative of overweight/obesity, alongside elevated values in Waist Circumference (WC), Waist-to-Hip Ratio, Waist-to-Height, and bone mass, signifying a heightened risk for disease onset. While a majority engaged in some form of physical activity, this did not yield notable reductions in the assessed metrics. Noteworthy changes were only discerned in BMI and bone mass among pre-menopausal women; whereas among postmenopausal women, in addition to disparities in bone mass, those inactive were 1.18 times more prone to a very high disease risk, as gauged by WC.

The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed a critical gap in female health science, fueling anxiety, polarized views, and vaccine hesitancy. Although menstrual cycles feel like a niche topic for some, efforts to augment knowledge on the 'fifth vital sign' experienced by more than 300 million people on any given day worldwide are crucial to promote gender equity in health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was conducted to determine healthy lifestyle behaviors and factors affecting women who applied to cervical cancer screening. The sample of the descriptive research consisted of 122 women (30-65 years old) who applied to the Center of Cancer Early Diagnosis, Screening, and Education. The data were collected with the Personal Information Form and Healthy Lifestyle Behavior Scale II. 79.5% of the women stated that they did not go through menopause, 95.1% did not have a relative diagnosed with cervical cancer in the family, 86.9% did not have regular cervical cancer screening, and 96.7% stated that early diagnosis was important. A statistically significant difference was found between the total mean scores of Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Scale II of women who had a high school and upper education level (p=0.001), perceived their health (p=0.003) and income (p=0.006) at a good level, participated in family decisions (p=0.001), and had regular cervical cancer screening (p=0.035). Healthy lifestyle behaviors affect education, health and income levels, participation in family decisions, and regular cervical cancer screening. The results can guide healthcare professionals in regular screening for cervical cancer, promoting healthy lifestyle behaviors, and raising awareness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Infertility can have a significant impact on the identity of women. Individual women, who are infertile, experience tragic emotions, as well as those who are sad for great losses, like the death of a loved one. In this case, the woman is experiencing the loss of the ability to procreate. Aim: In the present study, our major concern was to implement the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) Questionnaire on South Indian polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) women to assess the impact of various clinical features of polycystic ovary syndrome on the HRQOL of South Indian women diagnosed. Settings and Design: A total of 126 females in the first phase and 356 females in the second phase between the age group of 18-40 years characterised under the Rotterdam criteria were selected for the study. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out in three different phases which included a one-to-one interview, group discussion and questionnaire session. In our study, we found that all the females who attend the study showed positivity for all the domains developed in the previous study and suggested that further domain can be developed. Statistical Analysis Used: Suitable statistical methods were used with Graph pad PRISM (version 6). Results: Hence, in our study, we developed a further new sixth domain called as 'social impact domain'. Among South Indian PCOS women, we found that infertility and social issue have the most significant impact on HRQOL. Conclusion: The revised questionnaire by including the sixth domain called 'Social issue' is likely to be useful in measuring the quality of health of female having PCOS in regard to South Indian population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The digitalization of health promises individual empowerment while raising the threat of collective surveillance. Conceptualizing these threats and promises as sociotechnical imaginaries, we explore how issues of datafied female health are articulated in Danish public discourse. Empirically, we work with a large data set of Danish news media coverage of algorithmic technologies in the past 10 years (2011-2021). We locate coverage of femaleoriented health technologies (or femtech) by using the data sprint methodology to track the emergence of such technologies as a topic of public concern. Across the data, we identify two broad sociotechnical imaginaries: one zooming in on individual uses of femtech, the other focusing on the collective benefits of public health initiatives. We conclude that sociotechnical imaginaries of femtech are increasingly entangled in everyday life, making female bodies knowable through algorithms and data. As such, female health becomes subject to instrumental rationality, not lived reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at Shreveport (LSUHSC-S) serves a largely minority-based, urban population. This study aims to identify trends in urine drug screen (UDS) results among females aged 18–35 visiting State University during 1998–2011 and 2012–2019. Using two databases extracted from the electronic medical record system, we performed statistical analysis of demographics and UDS results. Young females aged 18–35 mostly tested positive for cannabinoids and opiates during both periods, 1998–2011 and 2012–2019. African-American females had a higher percentage of positive UDS for illicit drugs, such as cannabinoids and cocaine, while Caucasian females had a higher rate for prescription drugs such as opiates, benzodiazepines, and amphetamine. Between 1998–2011 and 2012–2019, trends in drug screen results changed in both populations, with Caucasian females showing a drastic increase in amphetamines and African-American females showing increase in opiates and cannabinoids during 2012–2019. GatewayNet analysis (sequential-rule mining for inducing causation) for 2012–2019 indicated that a positive screen for amphetamines is likely preceded by a positive screen for cannabinoids, and benzodiazepines may be preceded by opiates. Our results emphasize the importance of drug use monitoring among young females of childbearing age. GatewayNet analysis implies a sequential nature to drug positivity on urine drug screening in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The deleterious health implications of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are widely recognized. Females, in contrast to males, exhibit unique pathways for PFAS exposure and excretion, leading to complex health outcomes. The health status of females is largely influenced by hormone-related processes. PFAS have been reported to be associated with various aspects of female health, including reproductive system disorders and pregnancy-related diseases. In this article, we provide insights into the correlations between PFAS and female-prevalent diseases. Current epidemiological and toxicological evidence has demonstrated that the adverse effects of PFAS on the health of the female reproductive system are primarily attributed to the disruption of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis and hormonal homeostasis. However, these findings do not sufficiently elucidate the intricate associations between PFAS and specific diseases. Furthermore, autoimmune disorders, another category that is more prevalent in women compared to men, require additional investigation. Immune biomarkers pertinent to autoimmune disorders have been observed to be influenced by PFAS exposure, although epidemiological evidence is insufficient to substantiate these relations. Further thorough exploration encompassing epidemiological and toxicological studies is essential to elucidating the inherent influence of PFAS on human pathologies. Additionally, comprehensive investigations into female health issues beyond their reproductive functions is essential.

Calcium supplementation before exercise attenuates the decrease in serum calcium and increase in PTH and bone resorption. This study investigated the effect of calcium supplementation on calcium and bone metabolism during load carriage in women. Forty-eight women completed two load carriage sessions (load carriage 1 n = 48; load carriage 2 n = 40) (12.8 km in 120 min carrying 20 kg) 60 min after consuming either 1000 mg calcium (Calcium) or nothing (Control) in a randomised order. Pre- and post-exercise urine samples were analysed for calcium isotope ratio (δ44/42Ca). Fasted blood samples were taken before (pre-exercise), during (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120 min), and after (+15, +30, +60, +90 min) exercise and analysed for markers of calcium and bone metabolism. There was no effect of load carriage or supplementation on urine δ44/42Ca (P≥.110). Serum δ44/42Ca did not change with load carriage in Control (P=.617) but increased in Calcium (P=.003) and was higher at 120 min in Calcium vs Control (P=.018). Ionised calcium (iCa) decreased from pre-exercise to all exercise time-points (P<.001); iCa was higher in Calcium than Control throughout (P<.001). PTH increased from pre-exercise to 120 min in Control (P<.001) but decreased from pre-exercise to all time-points in Calcium (P<.001). PTH was higher in Control than Calcium from 0 to +90 min (P<.001). βCTX decreased from pre-exercise to 20 to +15 min in Control (P≤.004); βCTX decreased from pre-exercise to 0 to +90 min in Calcium (P<.001). βCTX was lower in Calcium than Control from 20 to +90 min (P≤.036). A 1000 mg calcium supplement before load carriage promotes bone calcium balance and prevents disruptions to bone and calcium homeostasis., (© Crown copyright 2025.)

The demand for female genital treatments has increased in recent years. Originally, the only way to tackle such issues was surgery. However, most patients prefer to have non-surgical solutions where possible. As a result of this, there are many non-surgical alternatives that have developed in recent years, such as energy devices (radiofrequency, laser and high-intensity focused ultrasound), fillers and threads. Some of these treatments have been designed specifically for the female genital area and pledge to deliver good results. This article looks at what is currently available on the market in terms of surgical and non-surgical solutions for the aesthetics in the female genitalia. This also includes functionality, as vaginal tightening/rejuvenation procedures will also be detailed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Three hundred fifty million people worldwide suffer from underactive thyroid conditions, which can lead to infertility, obesity, heart disease, and impaired mental health when poorly managed. Although mobile health (mHealth) applications can be a useful solution for self-managing one's condition, the impact of digital solutions for improving the health of thyroid patients remains unknown. Methods: We used a mixed methods analysis to assess the ways in which a digital approach might benefit thyroid patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted among users of BOOST Thyroid, an mHealth application for patients with an underactive thyroid. We collected data using a modified Short Form 36 Health Survey Questionnaire to measure the impact of in the app on participants' perceived health and quality of life. Participants were asked to (1) score their quality of life before and after using the app, and (2) describe whether and how using the app helped them. Results: We enrolled 406 users (380 females and 26 males), aged 18?78 years. Most participants (95.8%) reported using the app was helpful; of which 68% reported it improved their quality of life and 70.8% reported it had a positive impact on their health. Participants who found the app useful experienced less symptoms and a lower intensity of remaining symptoms. A key factor reported by these participants as helping with managing their health is the information provided in the app. Conclusions: The results support the idea that a patient-centered treatment would benefit from including mHealth tools for a daily self-management of underactive thyroid condition, as it can increase health literacy and improve both one's health status and quality of life.

In the United States, women, while having a longer life expectancy than men, experience a differential risk for chronic diseases and have unique nutritional needs based on physiological and hormonal changes across the life span. However, much of what is known about health is based on research conducted in men. Additional complexity in assessing nutritional needs within gender include the variations in genetics, body compositions, hormonal milieus, underlying chronic diseases, and medication usage, with this list expanding as we consider these variables across the life course. It is clear women experience nutrient shortfalls during key periods of their lives, which may differentially impact their health. Consequently, as we move into the era of precision nutrition, understanding these sex- and gender-based differences may help optimize recommendations and interventions chosen to support health and weight management. Recently, a scientific conference was convened with content experts to explore these topics from a life-course perspective at biological, physiological, and behavioral levels. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop and provides an overview of important nutrition and related lifestyle considerations across the life course. The landscape of addressing female-specific nutritional needs continues to grow; now more than ever, it is essential to increase our understanding of the physiological differences between men and women, and determine how these physiological considerations may aid in optimizing nutritional strategies to support certain personal goals related to health, quality of life, sleep, and exercise performance among women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Asparkía. Investigació Feminista is the property of Instituto Universitario de Estudios Feministas y de Genero Purificacion Escribano and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had a negative psychological impact on the population at scale, yet it is possible that vulnerable patient populations may experience a heavier burden with increased feelings of anxiety and distress. Cancer patients have to trade-off between the fear of exposing themselves to the virus and the need to continue life-saving medical procedures. The present study investigated the prevalence of generalized anxiety and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in a population of Italian cancer patients and healthy participants in the months following the COVID-19 outbreak. Using standardized measures of PTSS (impact of event scale revised; IES-R) and generalized anxiety (generalized anxiety scale; GAD-7), we found that patients experienced higher levels of adverse mental health outcomes. Several variables were found to negatively affect PTSS and anxiety in this population, including the younger age of respondents, having children, and the impossibility to attend regular medical check-ups. These findings stress the importance of maintaining a clear and regular communication with patients throughout future waves of the pandemic and ensure continuity of care in this vulnerable population. Furthermore, this study indicates the need to establish psychological interventions aimed at patients with cancer, targeting especially younger generations who are more likely to experience adverse psychological outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had a negative psychological impact on the population at scale, yet it is possible that vulnerable patient populations may experience a heavier burden with increased feelings of anxiety and distress. Cancer patients have to trade-off between the fear of exposing themselves to the virus and the need to continue life-saving medical procedures. The present study investigated the prevalence of generalized anxiety and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in a population of Italian cancer patients and healthy participants in the months following the COVID-19 outbreak. Using standardized measures of PTSS (impact of event scale revised; IES-R) and generalized anxiety (generalized anxiety scale; GAD-7), we found that patients experienced higher levels of adverse mental health outcomes. Several variables were found to negatively affect PTSS and anxiety in this population, including the younger age of respondents, having children, and the impossibility to attend regular medical check-ups. These findings stress the importance of maintaining a clear and regular communication with patients throughout future waves of the pandemic and ensure continuity of care in this vulnerable population. Furthermore, this study indicates the need to establish psychological interventions aimed at patients with cancer, targeting especially younger generations who are more likely to experience adverse psychological outcomes.

Inflammatory bowel diseases, namely ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, occur worldwide and affect people of all ages, with a high impact on their quality of life. Sex differences in incidence and prevalence have been reported, and there are also gender-specific issues that physicians should recognize. For women, there are multiple, important concerns regarding issues of body image and sexuality, menstruation, contraception, fertility, pregnancy, breastfeeding and menopause. This practice-based review focuses on the main themes that run through the life of women with inflammatory bowel diseases from puberty to menopause. Gastroenterologists who specialize in inflammatory bowel diseases and other physicians who see female patients with inflammatory bowel diseases should provide support for these problems and offer adequate therapy to ensure that their patients achieve the same overall well-being and health as do women without inflammatory bowel diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stress urinary incontinence is any involuntary loss of urine on effort, physical exertion, or sneezing, or coughing, and urinary leakage due to increased abdominal pressure. This article focuses on surgical interventions with midurethral slings as an option for stress urinary incontinence, and management of sling complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herbal medicine and nutritional supplements are suggested to treat premenstrual somatic and psycho-behavioural symptoms in clinical guidelines; nonetheless, this is at present based on poor-quality trial evidence. Hence, we aimed to design a systematic review and meta-analysis for their effectiveness in alleviating premenstrual symptoms. The published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were extracted from Google scholar, PubMed, Scopus and PROSPERO databases. The risk of bias in randomized trials was assessed by Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. The main outcome parameters were analysed separately based on the Premenstrual Symptom Screening Tool and PMTS and DRSP scores. Secondary parameters of somatic, psychological, and behavioural subscale symptoms of PSST were also analysed. Data synthesis was performed assuming a random-effects model, and standardized mean difference (SMDs) was analysed using SPSS version 28.0.0 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA). A total of 754 articles were screened, and 15 RCTs were included (n = 1211 patients). Primary results for participants randomized to an intervention reported reduced PSST (n = 9), PMTS (n = 2), and DSR (n = 4) scores with (SMD = −1.44; 95% CI: −1.72 to −1.17), (SMD = −1.69; 95% CI: −3.80 to 0.42) and (SMD = 2.86; 95% CI: 1.02 to 4.69) verses comparator with substantial heterogeneity. Physical (SMD = −1.61; 95% CI = −2.56 to −0.66), behavioural (SMD = −0.60; 95% CI = −1.55 to 0.35) and mood (SMD = 0.57; 95% CI = −0.96 to 2.11) subscale symptom groupings of PSST displayed similar findings. Fifty-three studies (n = 8) were considered at low risk of bias with high quality. Mild adverse events were reported by four RCTs. Based on the existing evidence, herbal medicine and nutritional supplements may be effective and safe for PMS.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic can cause emotional distress, which can in turn lead to the development of mental and physical symptoms. Aim: We examined the association of the COVID-19 outbreak and the mental, physical and sexual health of the female Polish population. Methods: Data were collected in an online survey distributed on social media from April 22, 2020 through to May 7, 2020. The data collection began one month after the start of lockdown in Poland. Main Outcome Measure: Women were asked to complete the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaires. Results: Overall, 1644 women (median age 23 years) took part in the survey. They reported a lower frequency of sexual activity (P < .001) and a lower libido level (P < .001) during the pandemic then before it. 57.5% of the study group (n = 944) strongly agreed or agreed that fear of the health condition of loved ones was a source of stress and depressed mood. The average BDI-II total score was 11 (range 0-51; IQR 5-18), which corresponds to minimal depression. The average FSFI total score was 27.01 ± 7.61 (range 2-36). The FSFI and BDI scores were significantly correlated (P < .001). The FSFI score was significantly correlated with the presence of any comorbid chronic disease, the intensity of the fear of infection and fear of health conditions, perceived loneliness, and the being up to date with media news. The BDI score was significantly correlated with age, the intensity of the fear of infection and fear of health conditions, perceived loneliness, being up to date with media news, and the more frequent use of stimulants. Conclusions: The COVID-19 lockdown setting was associated with a high occurrence of depressive symptoms and increased risk of sexual dysfunction with decreased libido and lower sexual frequency the most commonly reported issues.Szuster E, Kostrzewska P, Pawlikowska A, et al. Mental and Sexual Health of Polish Women of Reproductive Age During the COVID-19 Pandemic – An Online Survey. Sex Med 2021;9:100367.

The vaginal microbiome is an intricate and dynamic microecosystem that constantly undergoes fluctuations during the female menstrual cycle and the woman’s entire life. A healthy vaginal microbiome is dominated by Lactobacillus which produce various antimicrobial compounds. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is characterized by the loss or sharp decline in the total number of Lactobacillus and a corresponding marked increase in the concentration of anaerobic microbes. BV is a highly prevalent disorder of the vaginal microbiota among women of reproductive age globally. BV is confirmed to be associated with adverse gynecologic and obstetric outcomes, such as sexually transmitted infections, pelvic inflammatory disease, and preterm birth. Gardnerella vaginalis is the most common microorganism identified from BV. It is the predominant microbe in polymicrobial biofilms that could shelter G. vaginalis and other BV-associated microbes from adverse host environments. Many efforts have been made to increase our understanding of the vaginal microbiome in health and BV. Thus, improved novel and accurate diagnosis and therapeutic strategies for BV have been developed. This review covers the features of vaginal microbiome, BV, BV-associated diseases, and various strategies of diagnosis and treatment of BV, with an emphasis on recent research progresses.

Copyright of Izmir Katip Celebi University Faculty of Health Sciences Journal / İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Izmir Katip Celebi University, Faculty of Health Sciene Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)