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3. Situational factors shape moral judgements in the trolley dilemma in Eastern, Southern and Western countries in a culturally diverse sample

Author

Bago, Bence, Kovacs, Marton, Protzko, John, Nagy, Tamas, Kekecs, Zoltan, Palfi, Bence, Adamkovic, Matus, Adamus, Sylwia, Albalooshi, Sumaya, Albayrak-Aydemir, Nihan, Alfian, Ilham N., Alper, Sinan, Alvarez-Solas, Sara, Alves, Sara G., Amaya, Santiago, Andresen, Pia K., Anjum, Gulnaz, Ansari, Daniel, Arriaga, Patrícia, Aruta, John Jamir Benzon R., Arvanitis, Alexios, Babincak, Peter, Barzykowski, Krystian, Bashour, Bana, Baskin, Ernest, Batalha, Luisa, Batres, Carlota, Bavolar, Jozef, Bayrak, Fatih, Becker, Benjamin, Becker, Maja, Belaus, Anabel, Białek, Michał, Bilancini, Ennio, Boller, Daniel, Boncinelli, Leonardo, Boudesseul, Jordane, Brown, Benjamin T., Buchanan, Erin M., Butt, Muhammad M., Calvillo, Dustin P., Carnes, Nate C., Celniker, Jared B., Chartier, Christopher R., Chopik, William J., Chotikavan, Poom, Chuan-Peng, Hu, Clancy, Rockwell F., Çoker, Ogeday, Correia, Rita C., Adoric, Vera Cubela, Cubillas, Carmelo P., Czoschke, Stefan, Daryani, Yalda, de Grefte, Job A. M., de Vries, Wieteke C., Burak, Elif G. Demirag, Dias, Carina, Dixson, Barnaby J. W., Du, Xinkai, Dumančić, Francesca, Dumbravă, Andrei, Dutra, Natalia B., Enachescu, Janina, Esteban-Serna, Celia, Eudave, Luis, Evans, Thomas R., Feldman, Gilad, Felisberti, Fatima M., Fiedler, Susann, Findor, Andrej, Fleischmann, Alexandra, Foroni, Francesco, Francová, Radka, Frank, Darius-Aurel, Fu, Cynthia H. Y., Gao, Shan, Ghasemi, Omid, Ghazi-Noori, Ali-Reza, Ghossainy, Maliki E., Giammusso, Isabella, Gill, Tripat, Gjoneska, Biljana, Gollwitzer, Mario, Graton, Aurélien, Grinberg, Maurice, Groyecka-Bernard, Agata, Harris, Elizabeth A., Hartanto, Andree, Hassan, Widad A. N. M., Hatami, Javad, Heimark, Katrina R., Hidding, Jasper J. J., Hristova, Evgeniya, Hruška, Matej, Hudson, Charlotte A., Huskey, Richard, Ikeda, Ayumi, Inbar, Yoel, Ingram, Gordon P. D., Isler, Ozan, Isloi, Chris, Iyer, Aishwarya, Jaeger, Bastian, Janssen, Steve M. J., Jiménez-Leal, William, Jokić, Biljana, Kačmár, Pavol, Kadreva, Veselina, Kaminski, Gwenaël, Karimi-Malekabadi, Farzan, Kasper, Arno T. A., Kendrick, Keith M., Kennedy, Bradley J., Kocalar, Halil E., Kodapanakkal, Rabia I., Kowal, Marta, Kruse, Elliott, Kučerová, Lenka, Kühberger, Anton, Kuzminska, Anna O., Lalot, Fanny, Lamm, Claus, Lammers, Joris, Lange, Elke B., Lantian, Anthony, Lau, Ivy Y.-M., Lazarevic, Ljiljana B., Leliveld, Marijke C., Lenz, Jennifer N., Levitan, Carmel A., Lewis, Savannah C., Li, Manyu, Li, Yansong, Li, Haozheng, Lima, Tiago J. S., Lins, Samuel, Liuzza, Marco Tullio, Lopes, Paula, Lu, Jackson G., Lynds, Trent, Máčel, Martin, Mackinnon, Sean P., Maganti, Madhavilatha, Magraw-Mickelson, Zoe, Magson, Leon F., Manley, Harry, Marcu, Gabriela M., Seršić, Darja Masli, Matibag, Celine-Justine, Mattiassi, Alan D. A., Mazidi, Mahdi, McFall, Joseph P., McLatchie, Neil, Mensink, Michael C., Miketta, Lena, Milfont, Taciano L., Mirisola, Alberto, Misiak, Michal, Mitkidis, Panagiotis, Moeini-Jazani, Mehrad, Monajem, Arash, Moreau, David, Musser, Erica D., Narhetali, Erita, Ochoa, Danielle P., Olsen, Jerome, Owsley, Nicholas C., Özdoğru, Asil A., Panning, Miriam, Papadatou-Pastou, Marietta, Parashar, Neha, Pärnamets, Philip, Paruzel-Czachura, Mariola, Parzuchowski, Michal, Paterlini, Julia V., Pavlacic, Jeffrey M., Peker, Mehmet, Peters, Kim, Piatnitckaia, Liudmila, Pinto, Isabel, Policarpio, Monica Renee, Pop-Jordanova, Nada, Pratama, Annas J., Primbs, Maximilian A., Pronizius, Ekaterina, Purić, Danka, Puvia, Elisa, Qamari, Vahid, Qian, Kun, Quiamzade, Alain, Ráczová, Beáta, Reinero, Diego A., Reips, Ulf-Dietrich, Reyna, Cecilia, Reynolds, Kimberly, Ribeiro, Matheus F. F., Röer, Jan P., Ross, Robert M., Roussos, Petros, Ruiz-Dodobara, Fernando, Ruiz-Fernandez, Susana, Rutjens, Bastiaan T., Rybus, Katarzyna, Samekin, Adil, Santos, Anabela C., Say, Nicolas, Schild, Christoph, Schmidt, Kathleen, Ścigała, Karolina A., Sharifian, MohammadHasan, Shi, Jiaxin, Shi, Yaoxi, Sievers, Erin, Sirota, Miroslav, Slipenkyj, Michael, Solak, Çağlar, Sorokowska, Agnieszka, Sorokowski, Piotr, Söylemez, Sinem, Steffens, Niklas K., Stephen, Ian D., Sternisko, Anni, Stevens-Wilson, Laura, Stewart, Suzanne L. K., Stieger, Stefan, Storage, Daniel, Strube, Justine, Susa, Kyle J., Szekely-Copîndean, Raluca D., Szostak, Natalia M., Takwin, Bagus, Tatachari, Srinivasan, Thomas, Andrew G., Tiede, Kevin E., Tiong, Lucas E., Tonković, Mirjana, Trémolière, Bastien, Tunstead, Lauren V., Türkan, Belgüzar N., Twardawski, Mathias, Vadillo, Miguel A., Vally, Zahir, Vaughn, Leigh Ann, Verschuere, Bruno, Vlašiček, Denis, Voracek, Martin, Vranka, Marek A., Wang, Shuzhen, West, Skye-Loren, Whyte, Stephen, Wilton, Leigh S., Wlodarczyk, Anna, Wu, Xue, Xin, Fei, Yadanar, Su, Yama, Hiroshi, Yamada, Yuki, Yilmaz, Onurcan, Yoon, Sangsuk, Young, Danielle M., Zakharov, Ilya, Zein, Rizqy A., Zettler, Ingo, Žeželj, Iris L., Zhang, Don C., Zhang, Jin, Zheng, Xiaoxiao, Hoekstra, Rink, and Aczel, Balazs

Published
2022
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6. Publisher Correction: Situational factors shape moral judgements in the trolley dilemma in Eastern, Southern and Western countries in a culturally diverse sample

Author

Bago, Bence, Kovacs, Marton, Protzko, John, Nagy, Tamas, Kekecs, Zoltan, Palfi, Bence, Adamkovic, Matus, Adamus, Sylwia, Albalooshi, Sumaya, Albayrak-Aydemir, Nihan, Alfian, Ilham N., Alper, Sinan, Alvarez-Solas, Sara, Alves, Sara G., Amaya, Santiago, Andresen, Pia K., Anjum, Gulnaz, Ansari, Daniel, Arriaga, Patrícia, Aruta, John Jamir Benzon R., Arvanitis, Alexios, Babincak, Peter, Barzykowski, Krystian, Bashour, Bana, Baskin, Ernest, Batalha, Luisa, Batres, Carlota, Bavolar, Jozef, Bayrak, Fatih, Becker, Benjamin, Becker, Maja, Belaus, Anabel, Białek, Michał, Bilancini, Ennio, Boller, Daniel, Boncinelli, Leonardo, Boudesseul, Jordane, Brown, Benjamin T., Buchanan, Erin M., Butt, Muhammad M., Calvillo, Dustin P., Carnes, Nate C., Celniker, Jared B., Chartier, Christopher R., Chopik, William J., Chotikavan, Poom, Chuan-Peng, Hu, Clancy, Rockwell F., Çoker, Ogeday, Correia, Rita C., Adoric, Vera Cubela, Cubillas, Carmelo P., Czoschke, Stefan, Daryani, Yalda, de Grefte, Job A. M., de Vries, Wieteke C., Burak, Elif G. Demirag, Dias, Carina, Dixson, Barnaby J. W., Du, Xinkai, Dumančić, Francesca, Dumbravă, Andrei, Dutra, Natalia B., Enachescu, Janina, Esteban-Serna, Celia, Eudave, Luis, Evans, Thomas R., Feldman, Gilad, Felisberti, Fatima M., Fiedler, Susann, Findor, Andrej, Fleischmann, Alexandra, Foroni, Francesco, Francová, Radka, Frank, Darius-Aurel, Fu, Cynthia H. Y., Gao, Shan, Ghasemi, Omid, Ghazi-Noori, Ali-Reza, Ghossainy, Maliki E., Giammusso, Isabella, Gill, Tripat, Gjoneska, Biljana, Gollwitzer, Mario, Graton, Aurélien, Grinberg, Maurice, Groyecka-Bernard, Agata, Harris, Elizabeth A., Hartanto, Andree, Hassan, Widad A. N. M., Hatami, Javad, Heimark, Katrina R., Hidding, Jasper J. J., Hristova, Evgeniya, Hruška, Matej, Hudson, Charlotte A., Huskey, Richard, Ikeda, Ayumi, Inbar, Yoel, Ingram, Gordon P. D., Isler, Ozan, Isloi, Chris, Iyer, Aishwarya, Jaeger, Bastian, Janssen, Steve M. J., Jiménez-Leal, William, Jokić, Biljana, Kačmár, Pavol, Kadreva, Veselina, Kaminski, Gwenaël, Karimi-Malekabadi, Farzan, Kasper, Arno T. A., Kendrick, Keith M., Kennedy, Bradley J., Kocalar, Halil E., Kodapanakkal, Rabia I., Kowal, Marta, Kruse, Elliott, Kučerová, Lenka, Kühberger, Anton, Kuzminska, Anna O., Lalot, Fanny, Lamm, Claus, Lammers, Joris, Lange, Elke B., Lantian, Anthony, Lau, Ivy Y.-M., Lazarevic, Ljiljana B., Leliveld, Marijke C., Lenz, Jennifer N., Levitan, Carmel A., Lewis, Savannah C., Li, Manyu, Li, Yansong, Li, Haozheng, Lima, Tiago J. S., Lins, Samuel, Liuzza, Marco Tullio, Lopes, Paula, Lu, Jackson G., Lynds, Trent, Máčel, Martin, Mackinnon, Sean P., Maganti, Madhavilatha, Magraw-Mickelson, Zoe, Magson, Leon F., Manley, Harry, Marcu, Gabriela M., Seršić, Darja Masli, Matibag, Celine-Justine, Mattiassi, Alan D. A., Mazidi, Mahdi, McFall, Joseph P., McLatchie, Neil, Mensink, Michael C., Miketta, Lena, Milfont, Taciano L., Mirisola, Alberto, Misiak, Michal, Mitkidis, Panagiotis, Moeini-Jazani, Mehrad, Monajem, Arash, Moreau, David, Musser, Erica D., Narhetali, Erita, Ochoa, Danielle P., Olsen, Jerome, Owsley, Nicholas C., Özdoğru, Asil A., Panning, Miriam, Papadatou-Pastou, Marietta, Parashar, Neha, Pärnamets, Philip, Paruzel-Czachura, Mariola, Parzuchowski, Michal, Paterlini, Julia V., Pavlacic, Jeffrey M., Peker, Mehmet, Peters, Kim, Piatnitckaia, Liudmila, Pinto, Isabel, Policarpio, Monica Renee, Pop-Jordanova, Nada, Pratama, Annas J., Primbs, Maximilian A., Pronizius, Ekaterina, Purić, Danka, Puvia, Elisa, Qamari, Vahid, Qian, Kun, Quiamzade, Alain, Ráczová, Beáta, Reinero, Diego A., Reips, Ulf-Dietrich, Reyna, Cecilia, Reynolds, Kimberly, Ribeiro, Matheus F. F., Röer, Jan P., Ross, Robert M., Roussos, Petros, Ruiz-Dodobara, Fernando, Ruiz-Fernandez, Susana, Rutjens, Bastiaan T., Rybus, Katarzyna, Samekin, Adil, Santos, Anabela C., Say, Nicolas, Schild, Christoph, Schmidt, Kathleen, Ścigała, Karolina A., Sharifian, MohammadHasan, Shi, Jiaxin, Shi, Yaoxi, Sievers, Erin, Sirota, Miroslav, Slipenkyj, Michael, Solak, Çağlar, Sorokowska, Agnieszka, Sorokowski, Piotr, Söylemez, Sinem, Steffens, Niklas K., Stephen, Ian D., Sternisko, Anni, Stevens-Wilson, Laura, Stewart, Suzanne L. K., Stieger, Stefan, Storage, Daniel, Strube, Justine, Susa, Kyle J., Szekely-Copîndean, Raluca D., Szostak, Natalia M., Takwin, Bagus, Tatachari, Srinivasan, Thomas, Andrew G., Tiede, Kevin E., Tiong, Lucas E., Tonković, Mirjana, Trémolière, Bastien, Tunstead, Lauren V., Türkan, Belgüzar N., Twardawski, Mathias, Vadillo, Miguel A., Vally, Zahir, Vaughn, Leigh Ann, Verschuere, Bruno, Vlašiček, Denis, Voracek, Martin, Vranka, Marek A., Wang, Shuzhen, West, Skye-Loren, Whyte, Stephen, Wilton, Leigh S., Wlodarczyk, Anna, Wu, Xue, Xin, Fei, Yadanar, Su, Yama, Hiroshi, Yamada, Yuki, Yilmaz, Onurcan, Yoon, Sangsuk, Young, Danielle M., Zakharov, Ilya, Zein, Rizqy A., Zettler, Ingo, Žeželj, Iris L., Zhang, Don C., Zhang, Jin, Zheng, Xiaoxiao, Hoekstra, Rink, and Aczel, Balazs

Published
2022
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11. Situational factors shape moral judgements in the trolley dilemma in Eastern, Southern and Western countries in a culturally diverse sample

Author

Burak, Elif Gizem Demirağ, Bago, Bence; Kovacs, Marton; Protzko, John; Nagy, Tamas; Kekecs, Zoltan; Palfi, Bence; Adamkovic, Matus; Adamus, Sylwia; Albalooshi, Sumaya; Albayrak-Aydemir, Nihan; Alfian, Ilham N.; Alper, Sinan; Alvarez-Solas, Sara; Alves, Sara G.; Amaya, Santiago; Andresen, Pia K.; Anjum, Gulnaz; Ansari, Daniel; Arriaga, Patricia; Aruta, John Jamir Benzon R.; Arvanitis, Alexios; Babincak, Peter; Barzykowski, Krystian; Bashour, Bana; Baskin, Ernest; Batalha, Luisa; Batres, Carlota; Bavolar, Jozef; Bayrak, Fatih; Becker, Benjamin; Becker, Maja; Belaus, Anabel; Bialek, Michal; Bilancini, Ennio; Boller, Daniel; Boncinelli, Leonardo; Boudesseul, Jordane; Brown, Benjamin T.; Buchanan, Erin M.; Butt, Muhammad M.; Calvillo, Dustin P.; Carnes, Nate C.; Celniker, Jared B.; Chartier, Christopher R.; Chopik, William J.; Chotikavan, Poom; Chuan-Peng, Hu; Clancy, Rockwell F.; Coker, Ogeday; Correia, Rita C.; Adoric, Vera Cubela; Cubillas, Carmelo P.; Czoschke, Stefan; Daryani, Yalda; de Grefte, Job A. M.; de Vries, Wieteke C.; Dias, Carina; Dixson, Barnaby J. W.; Du, Xinkai; Dumancic, Francesca; Dumbrava, Andrei; Dutra, Natalia B.; Enachescu, Janina; Esteban-Serna, Celia; Eudave, Luis; Evans, Thomas R.; Feldman, Gilad; Felisberti, Fatima M.; Fiedler, Susann; Findor, Andrej; Fleischmann, Alexandra; Foroni, Francesco; Francova, Radka; Frank, Darius-Aurel; Fu, Cynthia H. Y.; Gao, Shan; Ghasemi, Omid; Ghazi-Noori, Ali-Reza; Ghossainy, Maliki E.; Giammusso, Isabella; Gill, Tripat; Gjoneska, Biljana; Gollwitzer, Mario; Graton, Aurelien; Grinberg, Maurice; Groyecka-Bernard, Agata; Harris, Elizabeth A.; Hartanto, Andree; Hassan, Widad A. N. M.; Hatami, Javad; Heimark, Katrina R.; Hidding, Jasper J. J.; Hristova, Evgeniya; Hruska, Matej; Hudson, Charlotte A.; Huskey, Richard; Ikeda, Ayumi; Inbar, Yoel; Ingram, Gordon P. D.; Isler, Ozan; Isloi, Chris; Iyer, Aishwarya; Jaeger, Bastian; Janssen, Steve M. J.; Jimenez-Leal, William; Jokic, Biljana; Kacmar, Pavol; Kadreva, Veselina; Kaminski, Gwenael; Karim, College of Social Sciences and Humanities, Department of Psychology, Burak, Elif Gizem Demirağ, Bago, Bence; Kovacs, Marton; Protzko, John; Nagy, Tamas; Kekecs, Zoltan; Palfi, Bence; Adamkovic, Matus; Adamus, Sylwia; Albalooshi, Sumaya; Albayrak-Aydemir, Nihan; Alfian, Ilham N.; Alper, Sinan; Alvarez-Solas, Sara; Alves, Sara G.; Amaya, Santiago; Andresen, Pia K.; Anjum, Gulnaz; Ansari, Daniel; Arriaga, Patricia; Aruta, John Jamir Benzon R.; Arvanitis, Alexios; Babincak, Peter; Barzykowski, Krystian; Bashour, Bana; Baskin, Ernest; Batalha, Luisa; Batres, Carlota; Bavolar, Jozef; Bayrak, Fatih; Becker, Benjamin; Becker, Maja; Belaus, Anabel; Bialek, Michal; Bilancini, Ennio; Boller, Daniel; Boncinelli, Leonardo; Boudesseul, Jordane; Brown, Benjamin T.; Buchanan, Erin M.; Butt, Muhammad M.; Calvillo, Dustin P.; Carnes, Nate C.; Celniker, Jared B.; Chartier, Christopher R.; Chopik, William J.; Chotikavan, Poom; Chuan-Peng, Hu; Clancy, Rockwell F.; Coker, Ogeday; Correia, Rita C.; Adoric, Vera Cubela; Cubillas, Carmelo P.; Czoschke, Stefan; Daryani, Yalda; de Grefte, Job A. M.; de Vries, Wieteke C.; Dias, Carina; Dixson, Barnaby J. W.; Du, Xinkai; Dumancic, Francesca; Dumbrava, Andrei; Dutra, Natalia B.; Enachescu, Janina; Esteban-Serna, Celia; Eudave, Luis; Evans, Thomas R.; Feldman, Gilad; Felisberti, Fatima M.; Fiedler, Susann; Findor, Andrej; Fleischmann, Alexandra; Foroni, Francesco; Francova, Radka; Frank, Darius-Aurel; Fu, Cynthia H. Y.; Gao, Shan; Ghasemi, Omid; Ghazi-Noori, Ali-Reza; Ghossainy, Maliki E.; Giammusso, Isabella; Gill, Tripat; Gjoneska, Biljana; Gollwitzer, Mario; Graton, Aurelien; Grinberg, Maurice; Groyecka-Bernard, Agata; Harris, Elizabeth A.; Hartanto, Andree; Hassan, Widad A. N. M.; Hatami, Javad; Heimark, Katrina R.; Hidding, Jasper J. J.; Hristova, Evgeniya; Hruska, Matej; Hudson, Charlotte A.; Huskey, Richard; Ikeda, Ayumi; Inbar, Yoel; Ingram, Gordon P. D.; Isler, Ozan; Isloi, Chris; Iyer, Aishwarya; Jaeger, Bastian; Janssen, Steve M. J.; Jimenez-Leal, William; Jokic, Biljana; Kacmar, Pavol; Kadreva, Veselina; Kaminski, Gwenael; Karim, College of Social Sciences and Humanities, and Department of Psychology

Abstract

The study of moral judgements often centres on moral dilemmas in which options consistent with deontological perspectives (that is, emphasizing rules, individual rights and duties) are in conflict with options consistent with utilitarian judgements (that is, following the greater good based on consequences). Greene et al. (2009) showed that psychological and situational factors (for example, the intent of the agent or the presence of physical contact between the agent and the victim) can play an important role in moral dilemma judgements (for example, the trolley problem). Our knowledge is limited concerning both the universality of these effects outside the United States and the impact of culture on the situational and psychological factors affecting moral judgements. Thus, we empirically tested the universality of the effects of intent and personal force on moral dilemma judgements by replicating the experiments of Greene et al. in 45 countries from all inhabited continents. We found that personal force and its interaction with intention exert influence on moral judgements in the US and Western cultural clusters, replicating and expanding the original findings. Moreover, the personal force effect was present in all cultural clusters, suggesting it is culturally universal. The evidence for the cultural universality of the interaction effect was inconclusive in the Eastern and Southern cultural clusters (depending on exclusion criteria). We found no strong association between collectivism/individualism and moral dilemma judgements. Including participants from 45 countries, Bago et al. find that the situational factors that affect moral reasoning are shared across countries, with diminished observed cultural variation., Comunidad de Madrid; National Science Centre; Aarhus University Research Foundation (AUFF); Investissements d’Avenir programme (ANR); ANR Labex IAST; Australian Research Council; CAPES; Carlsberg Foundation; Independent Research Fund Denmark; Germany’s Excellence Strategy, EXC; FONDECYT; German Research Foundation; JSPS; JSPS KAKENHI; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC); Key Technological Projects of Guangdong Province; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship; DFG Beethoven; Portuguese National Foundation for Science and Technology; Portale dei bandi PRIN della Direzione Generale della Ricerca del MUR (PRIN) 2017; Italian Ministry of Education and Research; PSA 006 BRA 008 Data Collection in Support of PSADM 001 Measurement Invariance Project; Polish Science (START); Slovak Research and Development Agency; Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Swedish Research Council; The Project of Philosophy and Social Science Research in Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Province; Portuguese National Foundation for Science and Technology

Published
2022

12. Combined influence of medication and symptom severity on visual processing in bipolar disorder

Author

Fernandes, Thiago P., Felisberti, Fatima M., Shoshina, Irina I., Almeida, Natalia L., Oliveira, Milena E.C., Silva, Gabriella M., and Santos, Natanael A.

Subjects
pharmacy, Adult, Psychiatry and Mental health, Bipolar Disorder, Cognition, Visual Perception, Humans, Middle Aged, psychiatry, Biological Psychiatry, Color Perception
Abstract

Previous studies have reported visual impairments in patients with bipolar disorder (BPD), but unclear were whether clinical variables would be associated with those disturbances. Here, we investigate the relationship between visual functioning, in terms of color discrimination, and the impact of BPD duration, mood state, and the patients' medication. Forty-five participants (25-45 years old) were recruited for this study. Color discrimination was performed using the Cambridge Colour Test. Serial multiple mediations were run to investigate the assumption of association between color discrimination and the clinical variables. Our findings showed that, compared with healthy controls, BPD patients' performance was worse for the Protan, Deutan, and Tritan vectors, revealing deterioration of color discrimination. In addition, the mediation analyses revealed a strong direct (p .001) and moderate-to-high indirect effects (p .01) of medication and symptom severity on color discrimination. Overall, both longer the duration of the disease and greater the symptom severity of BPD patients resulted in worse performance. It highlights the importance of examining the wider clinical context of an affective disorder to understand how it affects visual processing in this population.

Published
2021

19. Experiences of Ugliness in Nature and Urban environments.

Author

Felisberti, Fatima M.

Subjects
ETHNOPSYCHOLOGY, SADNESS, AESTHETIC experience, FEAR of death, EMOTIONAL experience, AVERSION
Abstract

In folk psychology experiences of ugliness are associated with the negation of beauty and disorder, but empirical evidence is remarkably rare. Here, participants (called informed) took 102 photographs of ugly landscapes and urban scenes and reflected on their experiences. Later, participants naïve to the intentional ugliness in the photographs rated landscapes higher than informed participants. The ratings for urban scenes were similar in the two cohorts. Reflective notes revealed that emotional experiences with visual ugliness could overlap (e.g. decay), but ugliness was associated more frequently with fear and death in landscapes, and with sadness and disgust in urban scenes. The findings uncovered a complex layer of associations. Experiences triggered by perceived ugliness were contingent on a composite of socio-cultural, emotional, and evolutionary factors. Rather than being the endpoint on an aesthetic scale culminating with beauty, ugliness seems to be experienced as an independent aesthetic experience with its own processing streams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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22. Heavy and light smokers have slight differences in chromatic discrimination.

Author

Silva, Gabriella M., Fernandes, Thiago P., Felisberti, Fatima M., Oliveira, Milena E., Almeida, Natalia L., Souto, Jandirlly J., and Santos, Natanael A.

Subjects
SUBSTANCE abuse, COLOR blindness, TASK performance, RISK assessment, VISUAL perception, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, SMOKING, TOBACCO products, DISEASE risk factors, DISEASE complications
Abstract

Objectives: The effects of smoking on color vision have been scarcely studied. To bridge such gap, this study examined if there were differences in chromatic discrimination between heavy and light smokers. Methods: The psychophysical Trivector test was used to evaluate chromatic discrimination in healthy controls (n = 36), heavy smokers (n = 29), and light smokers (n = 32). The subject's task was to identify the orientation of the Landolt C ring gap – presented and randomized in one of the four positions (e.g., up, down, right, and left). Results: The thresholds for Protan (red), Deutan (green) and Tritan (blue) were higher in heavy smokers compared to nonsmokers but not to light smokers. Conclusions: The results confirm that heavy smoking and chronic exposure to its harmful compounds affect color discrimination when compared to light smoking; and this is more pronounced in heavy smokers than light smokers. This is particularly important to understand the differences among smokers on visual and multisensory processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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23. Relationships between fiction media, genre, and empathic abilities

Author

Turner, Rose, Felisberti, Fatima. M, Turner, Rose, and Felisberti, Fatima. M

Abstract

Fiction enables readers to simulate the social experiences of characters and may facilitate prosociality. Research has indicated that fiction print exposure positively relates to empathy and may promote altruistic behaviors. Whether associations hold across different media formats and thematic genres remains unclear. This study took a multidimensional approach to both fiction engagement and empathic abilities. Specifically, it aimed to replicate previous findings that lifetime fiction exposure positively predicts empathy, and to extend this literature through an exploration of the relationships between media and genre formats, empathy and altruism. Participants (N = 404) completed a multidimensional task measure of fiction media exposure and answered questions about fiction engagement, empathic and altruistic tendencies. Results showed divergent associations between fiction format, genre, and empathic abilities, and fiction media exposure positively predicted the tendencies to become transported into narratives and to help others. Engagement with fiction formats and thematic genres may differentially support adults’ prosocial development.

Published
2019

29. To read or not to read?

Author

Turner, Rose, Felisberti, Fatima. M, Turner, Rose, and Felisberti, Fatima. M

Abstract

Objectives: Experience with fictional prose positively relates to empathic abilities. The significance of different media formats and thematic genres, however, remains unclear. This study tested the hypothesis that experience of different fiction media and thematic genres relate to differences in empathic skills. Design: The correlational design examined associations between fiction experience (fiction exposure, media preferences, genre preferences and acting experience) and empathic abilities (perspective taking, empathic concern, fantasy, prosocial behaviour). Methods: Participants (N=123) responded to an advert on social media. The online survey comprised a multidimensional (prose, film, theatre) task-based measure of fiction exposure, and questionnaire sets. Data were analysed using correlation and regression analyses, controlling for age, gender, English fluency and education. Results: Results included the following significant positive correlations: theatre and prose exposure with prosocial behaviour and fantasy, film exposure with prosocial behaviour and perspective taking, and preference for comedy with all empathy measures. Fiction exposure predicted 17% of variability in prosocial behavior, however prose was the only significant contributor (β = .311). Conclusions: The findings supported extant research linking fiction to empathic abilities, and indicated that associations between fiction media, genre and empathy diverge. They did not speak to causation, but suggested that (i) medium and genre are important areas for further inquiry into fiction effects, (ii) fiction-exposure paradigms could benefit from media and genre dimensions, (iii) prose and comedy may particularly hone empathic skills. Fiction is consumed via an increasing range of media; this study represents a step towards a comprehensive understanding of its social impact.

Published
2017

30. Measuring Mindreading: A Review of Behavioral Approaches to Testing Cognitive and Affective Mental State Attribution in Neurologically Typical Adults

Author

Turner, Rose, Felisberti, Fatima. M, Turner, Rose, and Felisberti, Fatima. M

Abstract

Mindreading refers to the ability to attribute mental states, including thoughts, intentions and emotions, to oneself and others, and is essential for navigating the social world. Empirical mindreading research has predominantly featured children, groups with autism spectrum disorder and clinical samples, and many standard tasks suffer ceiling effects with neurologically typical (NT) adults. We first outline a case for studying mindreading in NT adults and proceed to review tests of emotion perception, cognitive and affective mentalizing, and multidimensional tasks combining these facets. We focus on selected examples of core experimental paradigms including emotion recognition tests, social vignettes, narrative fiction (prose and film) and participative interaction (in real and virtual worlds), highlighting challenges for studies with NT adult cohorts. We conclude that naturalistic, multidimensional approaches may be productively applied alongside traditional tasks to facilitate a more nuanced picture of mindreading in adulthood, and to ensure construct validity whilst remaining sensitive to variation at the upper echelons of the ability.

Published
2017

31. Fiction matters: divergent links between fiction media exposure, genre preferences and social skills

Author

Turner, Rose, Felisberti, Fatima. M, Turner, Rose, and Felisberti, Fatima. M

Abstract

Lifetime experience with fictional prose positively relates to social skills. The significance of thematic genres and media formats however, remains unclear. This study tested the general prediction that experience with fiction media and genre formats would differentially relate to dimensions of empathy and altruism. Participants (N = 123) completed a multidimensional task-measure of lifetime fiction-exposure and answered questions about fiction preferences and social skills. Results generally revealed positive correlations among fiction experience and social abilities, in particular, comedy was strongly associated with all social ability measures. Fiction-exposure via prose, film and theatre combined predicted 17% of variability in altruism, although prose was the only statistically significant contributor. The findings support previous evidence linking fiction experience to social skills, and indicate that associations between social abilities, media and genre diverge.

Published
2017

39. Tied Factor Analysis for Face Recognition across Large Pose Differences.

Author

Prince, Simon J. D., Elder, James H., Warrell, Jonathan, and Felisberti, Fatima M.

Subjects
FACTOR analysis, FACE perception, DIFFERENCES, METHODOLOGY, PATTERN perception, ALGORITHMS, DATABASES, FEATURE extraction, EXPECTATION-maximization algorithms
Abstract

Face recognition algorithms perform very unreliably when the pose of the probe face is different from the gallery face: typical feature vectors vary more with pose than with identity. We propose a generative model that creates a one-to-many mapping from an idealized "identity" space to the observed data space. In identity space, the representation for each individual does not vary with pose. We model the measured feature vector as being generated by a pose-contingent linear transformation of the identity variable in the presence of Gaussian noise. We term this model "tied" factor analysis. The choice of linear transformation (factors) depends on the pose, but the loadings are constant (tied) for a given individual. We use the EM algorithm to estimate the linear transformations and the noise parameters from training data. We propose a probabilistic distance metric that allows a full posterior over possible matches to be established. We introduce a novel feature extraction process and investigate recognition performance by using the FERET, XM2VTS, and PIE databases. Recognition performance compares favorably with contemporary approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2008
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41. Duchenne muscular dystrophy : a genetic, cognitive and psychosocial approach

Author

Geisemeyer, Sarah and Felisberti, Fatima M.

Subjects
616.7, Pre-clinical and human biological sciences, Psychology
Abstract

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe, progressive muscle wasting disorder that affects 1 in 3600 male births. It is caused by genetic mutations in the dystrophin gene. This study investigated several aspects of the neuromuscular disorder within a population of Brazilian DMD boys and their families. This study's framework was laid out within the prism of an interacting cycle of genetic factors, cognitive functioning, and psychosocial aspects that underlie the neuromuscular disorder. It focuses on DMD's aetiology, history and previous research on genetic, cognitive and psychosocial aspects. Mixed methods were adopted to allow for a more encompassing view of the neuromuscular disorder: cognitive tests, an emotion recognition battery, genetic analyses, well-being questionnaires, and interviews were applied. Correspondent, quantitative and qualitative data analysis was carried out. The findings of 32 DMD patients (mean age 10.4 years, SD= 2 years) and 31 control subjects (mean age 9.4 years, SD= 3 years) revealed severe cognitive dysfunctioning in all assessed cognitive domains in the DMD population, as well as in the ability of emotion recognition. In the DMD group, it could be shown that poor executive functioning stood in a positive correlation with a poor ability of emotion recognition. The DMD patients' cognitive phenotypes were correlated with the genetic mutations in their dystrophin gene, but no relationship between the patients' genotype and cognitive phenotype could be confirmed. These results were contrary to previous research, which suggested that specific mutations in the dystrophin gene cause cognitive impairment. The DMD group scored poorly on the emotion recognition task, which is also a characteristic of autism spectrum disorder. However, when diagnosing for autistic characteristics through means of an interview, only a few similarities between the two disorders could be found. In order to assess the psychosocial components that come along with the disorder, well-being questionnaires were supplied. Interestingly, DMD boys scored higher on well-being than the boys in the control group. Moreover, 30 of the DMD caregivers (mean age app. 31 years) also revealed high levels of well-being, which correlated positively with the well-being of their sons, suggesting high levels of resilience. Given the participants' socio-economic hardship and the lack of governmental help, it was concluded that participants showed an incredible level of resilience that most likely resided within their faith, which nearly all of them stated to be the reason for their strength to strive. The relevant and new information about cognitive, genetic and social aspects of DMD uncovered in this study will pave the way for further (and much needed) studies into psychosocial aspects of the disorder.

Published
2017

42. Impairments of facial detection in tobacco use disorder: baseline data and impact of smoking duration.

Author

Silva, Gabriella M., Souto, Jandirlly J., Fernandes, Thiago P., Bonifacio, Thiago A., Almeida, Natalia L., Gomes, Giulliana H., Felisberti, Fatima M., and Santos, Natanael A.

Subjects
*TOBACCO use, *LINEAR statistical models, *SMOKING, *INTRACLASS correlation, *STATISTICAL reliability
Abstract

Objective: Chronic tobacco consumption, classified as tobacco use disorder (TUD), has been associated with a variety of health problems. Investigations of face processing in TUD are hampered by lack of evidence. Here, we evaluated facial detection in TUD and assessed test-retest reliability for a facial detection task. Methods: Participants were instructed to detect the orientation (either left or right) of a face when it was presented with a face/non-face pair on the monitor screen, using Bayesian entropy estimation. Bland-Altman analysis and intraclass correlation coefficients were used to test the reliability of the task. The general linear model and Bayesian statistics were then used to evaluate differences between TUD (n=48) and healthy controls (n=34). Results: The reliability of the task was high for the 96 stimuli presentations. Slower reaction times (p o 0.001) and lower discrimination index (p o 0.001) were observed in the TUD group than for healthy controls. Mediation analysis indicated direct effects of smoking duration on reaction time (p o 0.001) and discrimination index (p o 0.001). Conclusions: Overall, we observed high reliability of this task and reduction of facial detection in tobacco use disorder. We conclude our findings are significant for public health initiatives and call for follow-up studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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43. Crowding and the tilt illusion: toward a unified account.

Author

Solomon JA, Felisberti FM, and Morgan MJ

Subjects
Female, Humans, Male, Models, Biological, Form Perception physiology, Illusions physiology, Orientation
Abstract

Crowding, the difficult identification of peripherally viewed targets amidst similar distractors, has been explained as a compulsory pooling of target and distractor features. The tilt illusion, in which the difference between two adjacent gratings' orientations is exaggerated, has also been explained by pooling (of Mexican-hat-shaped population responses). In an attempt to establish both phenomena with the same stimuli--and account for them with the same model--we asked observers to identify (as clockwise or anticlockwise of vertical) slightly tilted targets surrounded by tilted distractors. Our results are inconsistent with the feature-pooling model: the ratio of assimilation (the tendency to perceive vertical targets as tilted in the same direction as slightly tilted distractors) to repulsion (the tendency to perceive vertical targets as tilted away from more oblique distractors) was too small. Instead, a general model of modulatory lateral interaction can better fit our results.

Published
2004
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