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BACKGROUND: People with mental health-related disabilities still experience difficulties in obtaining and maintaining a job. Previous international studies inform about employment barriers and facilitators but there is insufficient research in Spain. OBJECTIVE: To explore what type of employment barriers and facilitators were important for people with psychiatric disabilities with past work experiences in competitive and protected work settings. METHODS: In-depth, semi-structured qualitative interviews with 24 participants selected through purposive sampling. RESULTS: The personal sphere was the content most closely related to barriers, followed by the social environment. Facilitators were more closely related to the interviewees’ social network, followed by elements in their personal sphere and job environment. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest the need to implement supported employment services in Spain to promote hiring people with psychiatric disabilities in competitive companies. The results also indicate the need to implement new services aimed at supporting the management of disability information during the process of obtaining and maintaining a job, while there is still a need to conduct anti-stigma and anti-discrimination campaigns.

Having prior contact with people with mental illness in the workplace can lead to an improvement in employers’ attitudes toward this group. However, there is currently a lack of instruments to measure attitudes toward the employability of people with mental illness. The overall aim of this study was to develop a Spanish scale of attitudes toward the employability of people with mental illness (CEPEM) and obtain preliminary data regarding its psychometric properties. Ninety-four items from three content domains were selected (attitudes, employability, and impact) and revised in an inter-rater agreement procedure in order to produce an initial scale. The scale was tested by employers and workers from the field of mental health. A reduced set of items was selected according to variability and homogeneity indexes. Additional analyses were conducted to explore the validity of the scale. Internal consistency was estimated for the full 33-item scale. Scale scores partially captured attitudinal differences between employers and workers. Finally, linear multiple regression analysis showed that the scale score, in combination with educational level, can help to predict employers’ intentions to hire people with mental illness. Limitations and future research directions are also addressed.

[EN] This study aimed to carry out a pilot validation of Affect-GRADIOR, a computer-based emotion recognition test, with older adults. The study evaluated its usability, reliability and validity for the screening of people with Alzheimer´s disease (AD) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). The test was administered to 212 participants (76.37 ± 6.20 years) classified into three groups (healthy controls, n = 69; AD, n = 84; and aMCI, n = 59) on the basis of detailed neurological, neuropsychological, laboratory and neuro-imaging evidence. Data on usability were collected by means of a questionnaire and automated evaluation. The validated test comprised 53 stimuli and 7 practice items (one per emotion). Participants reported that Affect-GRADIOR was accessible and user-friendly. It had high internal consistency (ordinal Cronbach's α = 0.96). Test-retest reliability correlations were significant and robust (r = 0.840, p

Every time new applications of information and communication technologies (ICTs) are developed for psychological care. This article aims to favor the implementation of technological applications in daily practice. To do so, some advantages of the use of technologies are pointed out and the impact of technology on the alliance of therapeutic work is reviewed. Secondly, some technological resources available for psychological work are pointed out, as well a classification of such technologies. This is followed by a review of the possible risks of the application of treatments mediated by technologies. Finally, the results in terms of effectiveness are indicated. All in all, the conclusion is that ICTs are tools whose effectiveness has been proven and they can be a complement to traditional care.

The elderly population is growing driven by the increase in life expectancy, which in turn entails an increase in the number of people with chronic diseases such as dementia. The vast majority of people suffering from this illness is assisted by informal caregivers, who play a key role in fulfilling the patients#8217; needs, promoting the possibility for people with dementia to live in their home environment. The Internet as a support tool in psychoeducational programs can significantly improve accessibility of them, becoming a currently consolidated interactive resource for the training of patients with acute and chronic diseases, and their caregivers.A literature search of the Pubmed, PsyINFO, Scopus, SciELO and Psicodoc databases was performed to systematically review those studies related to web-based interventions for informal caregivers of people with dementia or cognitive impairment.On balance, the studies show a significant improvement after the psychoeducational intervention. Specifically, the improvement in caregivers#8217; wellbeing can be observed in the measures for self-efficacy, anxiety and depression.Online interventions are a promising strategy for the care of people with dementia. It would be advisable to perform further randomized trials to assess the reasons for lack of adherence to intervention, as well as usability studies to test the different software programs used.

Background The ability to recognize emotional expression is essential for social interactions, adapting to the environment, and quality of life. Emotion recognition is impaired in people with Alzheimer's disease (AD), thus rehabilitation of these skills has the potential to elicit significant benefits. Objective This study sought to establish whether emotion recognition capacity could be rehabilitated in people with AD. Methods Thirty-six participants with AD were assigned to one of three conditions: an experimental group (EG) that received 20 sessions of rehabilitation of emotion recognition and 20 sessions of cognitive stimulation therapy (CST), a control group (CG) that received 40 sessions of CST, and a treatment as usual group (TAU). Results A positive treatment effect favoring the EG was found; participants were better able to correctly identify emotions (p = 0.021), made fewer errors of commission (p = 0.002), had greater precision of processing (p = 0.021), and faster processing speed (p = 0.001). Specifically, the EG were better able to identify sadness (p = 0.016), disgust (p = 0.005), and the neutral expression (p = 0.014), with quicker processing speed for disgust (p = 0.002). These gains were maintained at one month follow-up with the exception of processing speed for surprise, which improved. Conclusion Capacity to recognize facial expressions of emotions can be improved through specific rehabilitation in people with AD, and gains are still present at a one month follow up. These findings have implications for the design of rehabilitation techniques for people with AD that may lead to improved quality of life and social interactions for this population.

Usability is one of the most prominent criteria that must be fulfilled by a software product. This study aims to evaluate the usability of SocialNet, a private social network for monitoring the daily progress of patients by their relatives, using a mixed usability approach: heuristic evaluation conducted by experts and user testing. A double heuristic evaluation with one expert evaluator identified the issues related to consistency, design, and privacy. User testing was conducted on 20 users and one evaluator using observation techniques and questionnaires. The main usability problems were found to be related to the structure of SocialNet, and the users presented some difficulties in locating the buttons or links. The results show a high level of usability and satisfaction with the product. This evaluation provides data on the usability of SocialNet based on the difficulties experienced by the users and the expert. The results help in redesigning the tool to resolve the identified problems as part of an iterative process.

SocialNet, is a private social network for monitoring daily progress of patients by their relatives. The goal of this paper is evaluate the usability of SocialNet in order to improve it and provide users an effective, efficient interaction and satisfactory experience. This work presents the first phase where it was used a double heuristic evaluation with one expert evaluator. This technique has provided valuable data about the usability of SocialNet especially related to consistency, design and privacy. The tool has been redesigned in order to resolve the identified problems as part of an iterative process. The use of heuristic evaluation will be complemented by a user test to be carried out in a second phase of usability study, which will not be addressed in this paper.

The purpose of this paper is the usability evaluation of the SocialNet, a private social network for monitoring daily progress of patients by their relatives. This work presents the first phase where it was used the double heuristic evaluation as a method of evaluating usability. It has proven to be a suitable method for finding usability problems associated with this type of social network where information privacy plays an important role. The evaluation has provided data about the origin of the usability problems of SocialNet, especially related to consistency, design and privacy. Findings have helped to redesign some aspects of SocialNet and to provide an effective, efficient interaction and satisfactory experience to the users. The use of heuristic evaluation will be complemented with a user test to be carried out in a second phase of the usability study, which is not addressed in this paper.

Selective and alternant attention and immediate and logic memory differences between children with and without post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were researched. The study was conformed by a control group of 15 children (8 to 10 years) and an experimental group of 15 children victims of sexual abuse, with a diagnosis of PSTD (8 to 10 years). Attention was evaluated by two subscales of the WISC- R; and the Difference Perception Test; for memory, two subscales of the Luria Neuropsychological Diagnosis for children were used. Based on the analysis done by the Fisher test (f), results showed that there are significant differences at an alpha level of 0,05 in the selective and alternant attention and immediate and logic memory processes between the groups, being the control group executions better in both processes.

The technologies, under the model of online treatments are beginning to be incorporated as an alternative and complementary to mental health care. This article seeks to highlight the process of psychoeducational intervention in two ways, online v/s face to face comparing them with a control situation. Was used a quasi-experimental design with a mixed method qualitative/quantitative with pre and post measures developed in the area of mental health, province of Zamora (Spain). As results, no significant differences were identificated between the two psychoeducational models; and both treatments were statistically different with the control situation in terms of the knowledge that families reached about the disease. Qualitative results suggest that the online intervention is better than expected and more comfortable than the traditional. We conclude that online interventions are possible and as effective as traditional, which encourages its use to overcome gaps in access to psychoeducation and to other health interventions.

[EN] Schizophrenia is an illness severe and prolonged between whose psychosocial treatments effective are psychoeducations. These treatments involve the family and are able to reduce relapse rates and improve the course of the disease. The present study compares a traditional psychoeducation with a cybertherapy (psychoED) and a control group, in a Psychiatry Department characterized by the rurality as the province of Zamora. Along with assessing clinical outcomes are investigated the implementation process. It also described the characteristics of usability and acceptance of a specific platform such as psychoED. The results of the implementation and development of cybertherapy provide great detail guidance regarding various aspects to be considered in future applications of ciberterapias in real clinical environment. The results indicate that treatment effects of cybertherapy are better than the control situation and, in some respects even surpass the traditional treatment; a fundamental result that favors the implementation of cybertherapies is there was no significant difference was found between levels of alliance in traditional and online treatments. Together with the above the levels of satisfaction with treatment were encouraging. Finally, the results point to the need to make improvements to the platform psychoED, as well as the special consideration must be made of the usability in this type of intervention. This study concludes that ciberterapias are valid and effective tool to provide distance psychoeducation and, probably, cybertherapies treatments are an alternative face to the difficulties of access, [ES] La esquizofrenia es una enfermedad grave y prolongada entre cuyos tratamientos psicosociales efectivos se encuentra la psicoeducación. Este tratamiento involucra a la familia y mejorar la evolución de la enfermedad. Lamentablemente, el acceso a esta importante intervención se ve dificultada por la distancia, la disponibilidad de horario y el estigma al que se ven expuestos los familiares. La presente investigación pretende comparar una intervención psicoeducativa tradicional con una intervención mediante ciberterapia (psicoED) y un grupo control, en el marco del trabajo en el Servicio de Psiquiatría caracterizado por la ruralidad como el de la Provincia de Zamora. Junto con evaluar los resultados clínicos se indaga el proceso de implementación, de modo de orientar el establecimiento de intervenciones mediante nuevas tecnologías. Asimismo, se describen las características de usabilidad y aceptación de una plataforma específica como es psicoED. Los resultados del proceso de implementación y desarrollo de la ciberterapia aportan gran detalle y orientación respecto a los diferentes aspectos que deben considerarse en futuras aplicaciones de ciberterapias en entorno clínicos reales. Los resultados indican que los efectos del tratamiento ciberterapéutico son mejores que la situación control y que, en algunos aspectos, incluso superan al tratamiento tradicional; un resultado fundamental que favorece la implementación de ciberterapias fue el que no se hallaron diferencias significativas entre los niveles de alianza en el tratamiento tradicional y el online. Junto con lo anterior los niveles de satisfacción con el tratamiento fueron alentadores. Finalmente, los resultados apuntan a la necesidad de realizar algunas mejoras a la plataforma psicoED, así como a la especial consideración que se debe realizar al tema de la usabilidad en este tipo de intervenciones. El presente estudio concluye que las ciberterapias son una herramienta válida y efectiva para brindar psicoeducación a distancia y que, probablemente, los tratamientos ciberterapéuticos son una alternativa ante las dificultades de acceso

Neuropsychological evaluation deals with the study of cerebral functioning through the persons' performance. It makes it possible to collaborate the clinical diagnosis and to provide information on deficit and skills. Specialized care in rural environments is uncommon, and often means impossibility to access some services. This study has aimed to evaluate the possibility of using neuropsychological evaluation by internet videoconferences. Our research was based on the traditional and online application of the SCIP-S to 30 subjects who were diagnosed with schizophrenia. The 30 subjects were randomly divided into two groups (Group A and B). Both groups underwent the two conditions inversely. The results show some differences and similarities when the results in both types of applications SCIP-S are compared. In conclusion, cyber-neuropsychology is possible and may be a complement and alternative to traditional assessment when they cannot develop.

[ES] Las ciber-terapias, como intervenciones de ayuda psicológica sustentadas en internet, se están transformando en un complemento y alternativa a la atención tradicional comenzando a demostrar eficacia. Lamentablemente existen pocas publicaciones al respecto en idioma castellano. Es por ello que la presente revisión plantea los argumentos que justifican el uso de las ciber-terapias, definiendo algunos términos necesarios para comprenderlas. Posteriormente se señalan sus ventajas y desventajas, los aspectos a considerar para su implementación, así como algunos ámbitos en que han sido utilizadas. En este escenario, la presente revisión, proporciona una amplia, actualizada e introductoria visión de la cuestión de las ciber-terapias asociadas a la psicología clínica., [EN] The cyber-therapies, as psychological interventions based on the Internet, are being transformed into a complementary and alternative to traditional attention, beginning to demonstrate effectiveness. Unfortunately almost there is no many publication in Castilian language. That is why this review raises the arguments justifying the use of e-therapy, defining some terms needed to understand them. Subsequent are identified their advantages and disadvantages, the issues to consider for implementation, as well as areas that have been used. In this scenario, this review provides a comprehensive, updated and introductory overview of the issue of e-therapy associated with clinical psychology.

Esta investigación indagó sobre las diferencias de atención selectiva y alternante así como de la memoria inmediata y lógica en niños con o sin estrés postraumático (PTSD). La muestra estuvo conformada por un grupo control de 15 niños (8 a 10 años) y un grupo experimental de 15 niños víctimas de abuso sexual con diagnóstico de PTSD (8 a 10 años). La atención se evaluó con dos subpruebas del WISC-R y el Test de Percepción de Diferencias; la memoria se evaluó por medio de dos subpruebas del Diagnóstico Neuropsicológico Infantil de Luria. A partir de los análisis realizados a través de la prueba F de Fisher, se comprobó la hipótesis de trabajo, afirmando que existen diferencias significativas a un alfa = 0,05 en los procesos de atención selectiva y alternante así como en la memoria inmediata y lógica entre los grupos, siendo todas las ejecuciones del grupo control superiores.