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2. Simulated Learning for Generic Communication Competency Development: A Case Study of Australian Post-Graduate Pharmacy Students

Author

Barker, Michelle, Fejzic, Jasmina, and Mak, Anita S.

Abstract

Authentic workplace experience is becoming increasingly challenging to provide for students. Simulation represents an effective pedagogical strategy for communication competency development in preparation for, or in lieu of clinical placements/practicums. The case study represents an innovative approach to simulating aspects of a pharmacy practice when insufficient placements were available. Prior to undertaking a three-week placement, a cohort of Master of Pharmacy (MPharm) students (N = 95) completed two four-hour simulated learning modules (SLMs). Each of the six SLMs addressed interpersonally challenging, commonly experienced pharmacy practice scenarios generated by pharmacists/pharmacy educators. Scenarios, underpinned by the Excellence in Cultural Experiential Learning and Leadership (EXCELL) model, included schemas called Social Interaction Maps (SIMs), and involved interacting with trained actors. EXCELL is an evidence-based, professional development resource centred on learning generic social competencies including participating in a team, refusing a request and giving feedback. Evaluations comprised students' survey responses collected before, during and after SLM workshops and pharmacy placements, and reflections from workshop facilitators. Students reported significant improvements in their overall communication competencies post-workshops and post-placement. Facilitators rated SLMs as a useful strategy to improve students' communication competence and workplace readiness. Future curriculum development could benefit from including discipline-specific, interpersonally challenging SLMs using SIMs and actors (where possible) to simulate workplace interactions.

Published
2018
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9. Consumers' experiences and values in conventional and alternative medicine paradigms: a problem detection study (PDS)

Author

Emmerton Lynne, Fejzic Jasmina, and Tett Susan E

Subjects
Other systems of medicine, RZ201-999
Abstract

Abstract Background This study explored consumer perceptions of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) and relationships with CAM and conventional medicine practitioners. A problem detection study (PDS) was used. The qualitative component to develop the questionnaire used a CAM consumer focus group to explore conventional and CAM paradigms in healthcare. 32 key issues, seven main themes, informed the questionnaire (the quantitative PDS component - 36 statements explored using five-point Likert scales.) Results Of 300 questionnaires distributed (Brisbane, Australia), 83 consumers responded. Results indicated that consumers felt empowered by using CAM and they reported positive relationships with CAM practitioners. The perception was that CAM were used most effectively as long-term therapy (63% agreement), but that conventional medicines would be the best choice for emergency treatment (81% agreement). A majority (65%) reported that doctors appeared uncomfortable about consumers' visits to CAM practitioners. Most consumers (72%) believed that relationships with and between health practitioners could be enhanced by improved communication. It was agreed that information sharing between consumers and healthcare practitioners is important, and reported that "enough" information is shared between CAM practitioners and consumers. Consumers felt comfortable discussing their medicines with pharmacists, general practitioners and CAM practitioners, but felt most comfortable with their CAM practitioners. Conclusions This PDS has emphasized the perceived importance of open communication between consumers, CAM and conventional providers, and has exposed areas where CAM consumers perceive that issues exist across the CAM and conventional medicine paradigms. There is a lot of information which is perceived as not being shared at present and there are issues of discomfort and distrust which require resolution to develop concordant relationships in healthcare. Further research should be based on optimisation of information sharing, spanning both conventional and CAM fields of healthcare, due to both the relevance of concordance principles within CAM modalities and the widespread use of CAM by consumers.

Published
2012
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18. Implementing simulated learning modules to improve students’ pharmacy practice skills and professionalism

Author

Fejzic, Jasmina and Barker, Michelle

Subjects
Patient Simulation, Health Communication, Evaluación de Programas, Simulación de Paciente, Australia, Clinical Competence, Pharmacy, Educación en Farmacia, Competencia Clínica, Education, Program Evaluation, Comunicación en Salud
Abstract

Background: Effective communication enables healthcare professionals and students to practise their disciplines in a professional and competent manner. Simulated-based education (SBE) has been increasingly used to improve students’ communication and practice skills in Health Education. Objective: Simulated learning modules (SLMs) were developed using practice-based scenarios grounded in effective communication competencies. The effect of the SLMs on Pharmacy students’ (i) Practice skills and (ii) Professionalism were evaluated. Methods: SLMs integrating EXCELL competencies were applied in the classroom to study their effect on a number of learning outcomes. EXcellence in Cultural Experiential Learning and Leadership (EXCELL) Program is a schematic, evidence-based professional development resource centred around developing participants’ self-efficacy and generic communication competencies. Students (N=95) completed three hours of preliminary lectures and eight hours of SLM workshops including six scenarios focused on Pharmacy Practice and Experiential Placements. Each SLM included briefing, role-plays with actors, facilitation, and debriefing on EXCELL social interaction maps (SIMs). Evaluations comprised quantitative and qualitative survey responsed by students before and post-workshops, and post-placements, and teachers’ reflections. Surveys examine specific learning outcomes by using pharmacy professionalism and pharmacy practice effectiveness scales. Responses were measured prior to the commencement of SLMs, after completion of the two workshops and after students completed their block placement. Self-report measures enabled students to self-assess whether any improvements occurred. Results: Student responses were overwhelmingly positive and indicated significant improvements in their Pharmacy practice and professionalism skills, and commitment to professional ethics. Qualitative feedback strongly supported students’ improved communication skills and confidence. Teacher reflections observed ecological validity of SLMs as a method to enhance professionalism and communication skills, and suggested ways to improve this teaching modality. Conclusion: Inclusion of SLMs centred on practice and professionalism was evaluated as an effective, teaching strategy by students and staff. The integration of SIMs in SLMs has potential for wider application in clinical teaching. Antecedentes: La comunicación efectiva permite a los profesionales de la salud y estudiantes ejercer sus disciplinas de un modo profesional y competente. La educación basada en la simulación (SBE) se ha usado crecientemente para mejorar la comunicación de los estudiantes y las habilidades prácticas. Objetivo: Se desarrollaron módulos de aprendizaje simulados (SLM) usando escenarios basados en la práctica y apoyados en competencias de comunicación efectiva. Se evaluó el efecto de los SLM en (i) las habilidades prácticas y (ii) el profesionalismo de los estudiantes de farmacia. Métodos: Se utilizaron en clase SLM que integraban las competencias EXCELL para estudiar su efecto en varios resultados de aprendizaje. El programa EXCELL (EXcellence in Cultural Experiential Learning and Leadership) es un recurso de desarrollo profesional basado en la evidencia centrado en desarrollar la auto-eficacia de los participantes y sus competencias genéricas de comunicación. Los estudiantes (N=95) completaron tres horas de sesiones teóricas y ocho horas de talleres SLM que incluían seis escenarios centrados en los lugares de prácticas tuteladas. Cada SLM incluía un resumen, role-plays con actores, facilitación y un resumen final con deliberación sobre mapas de interacción social (SIM) del EXCELL. Las evaluaciones contenían cuestionarios cualitativos y cuantitativos respondidos por los estudiantes antes y después de los talleres y después de las prácticas, y las reflexiones de los profesores. Los cuestionarios examinaban resultados de aprendizaje específicos usando escalas de profesionalismo en farmacia y de efectividad del ejercicio farmacéutico. Las respuestas se midieron antes del comienzo de los SLM, después de completar dos talleres, y después de que los estudiantes completasen su bloque de prácticas tuteladas. Las mediciones auto-comunicadas permitieron a los estudiantes a auto-evaluar si existían mejoras. Resultados: Las respuestas de los estudiantes fueron extremamente positivas e indicaron mejoras significativas en su práctica y profesionalismo, y compromiso con la ética profesional. El feed-back cualitativo soportó fuertemente la mejora de habilidades de comunicación y confianza. Las reflexiones del profesor observaban una validez natural de los SLM como método para aumentar el profesionalismo y las habilidades de comunicación, y sugirieron modos de mejorar esta modalidad docente. Conclusión: La inclusión de SLM centrados en la práctica y el profesionalismo fue evaluada como una estrategia docente efectiva por los estudiantes y el personal. La integración de los SIM en los SLM tiene un potencial para otras aplicaciones en la docencia clínica.

Published
2015

19. Implementing simulated learning modules to improve students’ pharmacy practice skills and professionalism

Author

Fejzic,Jasmina and Barker,Michelle

Subjects
Patient Simulation, Health Communication, education, ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION, Australia, Clinical Competence, Pharmacy, humanities, Education, Program Evaluation
Abstract

Background: Effective communication enables healthcare professionals and students to practise their disciplines in a professional and competent manner. Simulated-based education (SBE) has been increasingly used to improve students’ communication and practice skills in Health Education. Objective: Simulated learning modules (SLMs) were developed using practice-based scenarios grounded in effective communication competencies. The effect of the SLMs on Pharmacy students’ (i) Practice skills and (ii) Professionalism were evaluated. Methods: SLMs integrating EXCELL competencies were applied in the classroom to study their effect on a number of learning outcomes. EXcellence in Cultural Experiential Learning and Leadership (EXCELL) Program is a schematic, evidence-based professional development resource centred around developing participants’ self-efficacy and generic communication competencies. Students (N=95) completed three hours of preliminary lectures and eight hours of SLM workshops including six scenarios focused on Pharmacy Practice and Experiential Placements. Each SLM included briefing, role-plays with actors, facilitation, and debriefing on EXCELL social interaction maps (SIMs). Evaluations comprised quantitative and qualitative survey responsed by students before and post-workshops, and post-placements, and teachers’ reflections. Surveys examine specific learning outcomes by using pharmacy professionalism and pharmacy practice effectiveness scales. Responses were measured prior to the commencement of SLMs, after completion of the two workshops and after students completed their block placement. Self-report measures enabled students to self-assess whether any improvements occurred. Results: Student responses were overwhelmingly positive and indicated significant improvements in their Pharmacy practice and professionalism skills, and commitment to professional ethics. Qualitative feedback strongly supported students’ improved communication skills and confidence. Teacher reflections observed ecological validity of SLMs as a method to enhance professionalism and communication skills, and suggested ways to improve this teaching modality. Conclusion: Inclusion of SLMs centred on practice and professionalism was evaluated as an effective, teaching strategy by students and staff. The integration of SIMs in SLMs has potential for wider application in clinical teaching.

Published
2015

20. Pharmacists' self-perceptions in relation to the 'Advanced Pharmacy Practice Framework'

Author

Ali, A., Fejzic, Jasmina, Grant, Gary, Nissen, Lisa, Ali, A., Fejzic, Jasmina, Grant, Gary, and Nissen, Lisa

Abstract

Background - The Pharmacy Board of Australia in October 2012. The Steering Committee conducted a study that found practice portfolios to be the preferred method to assess and credential Advanced Pharmacy Practitioner, which is currently being piloted by the Australian Pharmacy Council. Credentialing is predicted to open to all pharmacists practising in Australia by November 2015. Objective - To explore how Australian pharmacists self-perceived being advanced in practice and how they related their level of practice to the Australian Advanced Pharmacy Practice Framework. Method - This was an explorative, cross-sectional study with mixed methods analysis. Advanced Pharmacy Practice Framework, a review of the recent explorative study on Advanced Practice conducted by the Advanced Pharmacy Practice Framework Steering Committee and semi-structured interviews (n = 10) were utilized to create, refine and pilot the questionnaire. The questionnaire was advertised across pharmacy-organizational websites via a purposive sampling method. The target population were pharmacists currently registered in Australia. Results - Seventy-two participants responded to the questionnaire. The participants were mostly female (56.9%) and in the 30–40 age group (26.4%). The pharmacists self-perceived their levels of practice as either entry, transition, consolidation or advanced, with the majority selecting the consolidation level (38.9%). Although nearly half (43.1%) of the participants had not seen the Framework beforehand, they defined Advanced Pharmacy Practice similarly to the definition outlined in the Framework, but also added specialization as a requirement. Pharmacists e

Published
2016

21. Optimising practice of Australian community pharmacists and support staff in mental health

Author

Davey, Andrew, Fejzic, Jasmina, Wheeler, Amanda, Hattingh, Laetitia, Knox, Kathy, Mey, Amary, Davey, Andrew, Fejzic, Jasmina, Wheeler, Amanda, Hattingh, Laetitia, Knox, Kathy, and Mey, Amary

Abstract

Full Text, Thesis (PhD Doctorate), Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), School of Pharmacy, Griffith Health, In Australia, mental illness accounts for nearly 30% of the burden of non-fatal disease. Nearly half of all Australians aged between 16 and 85 years will experience a mental health disorder in their lifetime. For people experiencing depression and anxiety, management is commonly provided in primary care settings. Although the appropriate use of medication is an integral part of effective management for these conditions, psychosocial issues such as stigma and discrimination, and medication related issues such as side effects and delayed onset of beneficial effects can result in medication being used sub-optimally. This can limit provision of care, and consequently, delay recovery from mental illness. Strategies are therefore needed to improve the medication management and subsequent health outcomes for Australian mental health consumers. With an extensive network of practices across Australia, and as the primary suppliers of medication to the public, community pharmacists and pharmacy support staff are well placed to provide support to mental health consumers and their caregivers, subsequently playing a greater role in mental health. However, preliminary studies indicate community pharmacy staff lacked the skills and confidence required to be effective in a mental health care role.

Published
2015

26. Mental health consumer and caregiver perceptions of stigma in Australian community pharmacies.

Author

Knox, Kathy, Fejzic, Jasmina, Mey, Amary, Fowler, Jane L, Kelly, Fiona, McConnell, Denise, Hattingh, Laetitia, and Wheeler, Amanda J

Subjects
*DRUGSTORES, *MEDICAL personnel, *ATTITUDE (Psychology), *PSYCHOLOGY of caregivers, *FOCUS groups, *INTERVIEWING, *RESEARCH methodology, *PSYCHOTHERAPY patients, *RESEARCH funding, *STATISTICAL sampling, *SELF-evaluation, *SELF-perception, *STATISTICS, *SOCIAL stigma, *JUDGMENT sampling, *DATA analysis, *THEMATIC analysis, *DATA analysis software, *ATTITUDES toward mental illness, *PHARMACISTS, *DESCRIPTIVE statistics, *PSYCHOLOGY
Abstract

The article explores the perceptions and experiences of stigma within the Australian community pharmacy setting via the lens of persons with mental illness and their caregivers. Topics discussed include the use of a social-cognitive model to understand how consumers' and caregivers' experiences in community pharmacy suggests the perception of self and public stigma and findings on how stigma can adversely affect consumer's choice of pharmacy, adherence and their health management.

Published
2014
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27. Medication management reviews for people from the former Yugoslavia now resident in Australia.

Author

Fejzic JB and Tett SE

Subjects
Australia ethnology, Bosnia and Herzegovina ethnology, Croatia ethnology, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Patient Compliance statistics & numerical data, Patient Education as Topic statistics & numerical data, Yugoslavia ethnology, Communication Barriers, Drug Prescriptions statistics & numerical data, Drug Utilization Review methods, Patient Education as Topic methods, Pharmacists
Abstract

Aim: The objective of this prospective study was to conduct medication management reviews (MMR) in people from a non-English speaking background (NESB) (Bosnian/Serbian/Croatian, from former Yugoslavia, currently residing in Australia) in their native language in order to identify medication-related problems (needs analysis) and implement appropriate therapeutic interventions, in collaboration with their general practitioners (GPs)., Methods: Twenty-five participants entered the study. Each was interviewed and medication-related issues were identified by the health care team., Results: Various interventions (over 150 for the whole group, an average of 6 per participant), based on actual and potential medication-related problems, were designed to improve the use of medicines. The MMRs introduced effective changes into the participants' health care. Psychological (e.g., feeling depressed) and sociological factors (e.g., costs of medicines, not understanding labels written in English) were identified as having significant impacts on medication management., Conclusions: These data confirmed there are avoidable medication-related problems in people from a NESB. GPs and pharmacists working in health care teams with a trained interpreter could greatly improve medication use through regular review and a team approach to problem identification and solving.

Published
2004
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