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The Brazilian Nutritional Consensus in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Elderly was elaborated by nutritionists, nutrologists and hematologists physicians from 15 Brazilians reference centers in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, in order to emphasize the importancy of nutritional status and the body composition during the treatment, as well as the main characteristics related to patient’s nutritional assessment. Establishing the consensus, we intended to improve and standardize the nutritional therapy during the hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The Consensus was approved by the Brazilian Society of Bone Marrow Transplantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a distinct subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). APL is characterized by specific genetic abnormality t(15;17), which results in fusion between the promyelocytic leukemia (PML) gene and the retinoic acid receptor-α (RARα). We describe the case of a 4-year-old boy who was admitted to hospital with severe infection of the oropharynx due to a peritonsillar abscess, along with hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. The initial laboratory tests showed a condition compatible with AML. The cytologic morphology, cytochemistry, and immunophenotyping were compatible with the AML M3 variant but with normal karyotype, fluorescence in situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) negative for t(15;17), and PCR negative for t(11;17). There was resistance to the initial chemotherapy, but the patient experienced an excellent result from nonrelative umbilical cord transplantation. The case represents an atypical situation of AML with promyelocytic characteristics and normal cytogenetics showing a poor prognosis that responded only to bone marrow transplantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyze the karyotype test and myeloid panel with next-generation sequencing findings in patients with myelofibrosis, and to compare transplant characteristics in patients referred for bone marrow transplantation. Methods: Retrospective, single-center study with patients diagnosed with myelofibrosis treated at Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein between 2010 and 2020. Results: A total of 104 patients with myelofibrosis were examined. Patients who had not been submitted to tests in our service were excluded. The final sample comprised 69 patients. Of these 69, 56 were submitted to karyotyping and 22 to myeloid panel with next-generation sequencing. Karyotype was normal in 60% of the patients and altered in 40%. The prevalence of high-risk molecular mutations was higher in patients referred for bone marrow transplantation (100% versus 50%). The median follow-up of transplant patients was 2.4 years and the overall survival at 2 years was 80% (95%CI: 62-100%). Conclusion: The molecular analysis enables estimating the patient's risk and thus instituting more aggressive treatment such as bone marrow transplant for patients at higher risk, being a relevant tool to guide therapy. Given the significance of molecular analysis for therapeutic decision-making in myelofibrosis, collection and disclosure of data on the prevalence of cytogenetic changes and findings of next-generation sequencing in affected patients is important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare human mesenchymal stem cells obtained from reusable and disposable filters and to characterize them according to the criteria of the International Society of Cellular Therapy. Methods: Human mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from bone marrow collection reusable sets and compared with those obtained from disposable sets by washing the filters with cell culture media. The isolated cells were characterized according to the criteria of the International Society of Cellular Therapy using flow cytometry, differentiation in vitro, and cytochemistry techniques. Results: Samples were obtained from disposable (n=3) and from reusable collection sets (n=3). All samples obtained from bone marrow disposable sets successfully produced mesenchymal stem cells. All bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells were characterized and fulfilled the criteria established by International Society of Cellular Therapy. Conclusion: This study showed that mesenchymal stem cells can also be obtained from reusable collection sets (which are still used in several centers around the world) to be employed in research as an alternative and ethical source [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]