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Introduction: Job satisfaction is a positive emotional state resulting from a person's evaluation of their work. Job satisfaction is a central concept in understanding attitudes towards work (productivity, motivation, commitment) and in preventing psychosocial risks.The aim of this study is to describe the typical profile of the most satisfied physiotherapist in the exercise of their profession in hospitals around Kinshasa. Method: The MSQ (Minesotta satisfaction Questionnaire) was administered to a group of 174 physiotherapists practising in Kinshasa hospitals, in order to assess their level of satisfaction. Of these, 40 were invited to a semi-structured interview for the qualitative analysis. The statistical approach consisted of ANOVA and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to determine the typical profile of the most satisfied physiotherapist. The qualitative analysis shed light on the interpretation of the results of the quantitative analysis. Results: The mean Global Satisfaction Index (GSI) was 3.16 ± 1.12, with 95% of physiotherapists satisfied with the practice of their profession. ANOVA showed that the GSI was influenced by 3 variables: diploma title, profession name and hospital work. The PCA revealed a number of determinants of satisfaction: professional experience, number and proxy of patients, investment (practice or training) and work organisation. Conclusion: The typical profile of the most satisfied physiotherapists is similar to that of a graduate physiotherapist with an ISTM diploma who does not work in a hospital but in a rehabilitation centre. These determinants of job satisfaction could help physiotherapists or professional organisations of physiotherapists in their quest for well-being in their careers., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

As part of an investigation to detect asymmetries in gait patterns in persons with shoulder injuries, the goal of the present study was to design and validate a Kinect-based motion capture system that would allow extracting joint kinematics curves during gait and to compare them with the data obtained by a commercial motion capture system. The study included 8 male and 2 female participants, all diagnosed with anterolateral shoulder pain syndrome in their right upper extremity, with a minimum 18 months of disorder evolution. The participants had an average age of 31.8 ± 9.8 years, a height of 173 ± 18 cm, and a weight of 81 ± 15 kg. Gait kinematics was sampled simultaneously with the new system and the Clinical 3DMA system. Shoulder, elbow, hip, and knee kinematics were compared between systems for the pathological and non-pathological sides using repeated measures ANOVA and 1D statistical parametric mapping. For most variables, no significant difference was found between systems. Evidence of a significant difference between the newly developed system and the commercial system was found for knee flexion-extension (p<0.004, between 60 and 80% of the gait cycle), and for shoulder abduction-adduction. The good concurrent validity of the new Kinect-based motion analysis system found in this study opens promising perspectives for clinical motion tracking using an affordable and simple system., info:eu-repo/semantics/inPress

Human cytogenetic biomonitoring (HCB) has long been used to evaluate the potential effects of work environments on the DNA integrity of workers. However, HCB studies on the genotoxic effects of occupational exposure to extremely low‐frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF‐MFs) were limited by the quality of the exposure assessment. More specifically, concerns were raised regarding the method of exposure assessment, the selection of exposure metrics, and the definition of exposure group. In this study, genotoxic effects of occupational exposure to ELF‐MFs were assessed on peripheral blood lymphocytes of 88 workers from the electrical sector using the comet and cytokinesis‐block micronucleus assay, considering workers' actual exposure over three consecutive days. Different methods were applied to define exposure groups. Overall, the summarized ELF‐MF data indicated a low exposure level in the whole study population. It also showed that relying solely on job titles might misclassify 12 workers into exposure groups. We proposed combining hierarchical agglomerative clustering on personal exposure data and job titles to define exposure groups. The final results showed that occupational MF exposure did not significantly induce more genetic damage. Other factors such as age or past smoking rather than ELF‐MF exposure could affect the cytogenetic test outcomes., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Introduction: Patient satisfaction is crucial, allowing patients to assess their care process. Satisfaction serves as a measure of the performance of healthcare professionals and healthcare facilities. This study aims to outline the typical profile of a satisfied patient in order to optimize the quality of care. Method: The Monnin and Perneger questionnaire was administered to 906 subjects undergoing physiotherapy treatment in Kinshasa hospitals to evaluate their level of satisfaction. Among them, 70 were invited for a semi-structured interview for qualitative analysis. The statistical approach involved ANOVA and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to determine the typical profile of a satisfied patient. Qualitative analysis provided insight into the interpretation of the quantitative analysis results. Results: The mean Global Satisfaction Index (GSI) was 3.12 ± 0.46, with 96% of patients satisfied with their physiotherapy treatment. ANOVA showed that GSI was influenced by five variables: level of education, insurance status, employment status, chronicity of the condition, and type of treatment received. In addition to variables such as number of sessions, presence of pain, and gender, the seven factors extracted from PCA confirmed the variables identified in ANOVA. Conclusion: The typical profile of the most satisfied patient in Kinshasa resembles that of a university-educated individual, employed in a managerial position, insured, suffering from a chronic condition, receiving a combination of individual and group therapy, and attending university hospitals. Healthcare service managers could utilize these satisfaction determinants outlined in the profile to optimize the quality of care., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

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En 2002, les champs magnétiques de fréquences extrêmement basses (ELF-MF) ont été classés dans le groupe 2B des cancérogènes possibles pour l'homme (IARC, 2002). Les limites d'exposition actuelles aux ELF-MF sont fixées pour éviter les effets établis induits par une exposition aux ELF-MF à court terme. Pourtant, ces limites semblent être beaucoup plus élevées que les niveaux auxquels le grand public est couramment exposé. Par conséquent, il est nécessaire de mener des études expérimentales sur les effets à long terme de l'exposition aux ELF-MF à une magnitude inférieure aux limites d'exposition. Dans ce contexte, mon travail de doctorat vise à étudier les effets à long terme de l'exposition aux ELF-MF, en particulier à la fréquence de 50 Hz, à différentes densités de flux inférieures aux limites d'exposition légales sur plusieurs paramètres: la viabilité cellulaire, les dommages génétiques et la sensibilité des cellules aux dommages induits par des mutagènes connus. Les effets cellulaires ont été étudiés à la fois dans une étude expérimentale in vitro (sur des cellules lymphoblastoïdes humaines (TK6)) et dans une étude de biosurveillance (sur des échantillons de sang de travailleurs exposés professionnellement à MF de 50 Hz). Dans la partie exploratoire, les effets de l'exposition aux MF sur l'expression des gènes ont été étudiés sur les cellules TK6 exposées à long terme aux MF de 50 Hz et sur des échantillons sanguins et buccaux de travailleurs exposés professionnellement aux MF de 50 Hz.Les résultats de l'étude in vitro suggèrent que l'exposition au MF jusqu’à 96 heures pourrait augmenter la viabilité des cellules TK6. D'autre part, l'exposition à long terme au MF 50 Hz jusqu’à six semaines n'était pas génotoxique et la pré-exposition à long terme au MF n'a pas affecté la sensibilité des cellules aux dommages induits par des mutagènes connus. Concernant l'étude de biosurveillance, nos résultats indiquent que l'exposition professionnelle aux MF n'a pas entraîné d', Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques (Médecine), info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Les patients atteints d'insuffisance respiratoire, en particulier dans la bronchopneumopathie chronique obstructive (BPCO), ont un risque de chute plus élevé que les sujets sains. Cette maladie, dont l'un des symptômes majeurs est la dyspnée, présente également de nombreuses comorbidités, parmi lesquelles se trouvent les troubles de l'équilibre. Les causes de ces troubles sont multiples et leurs interactions sont complexes. Dans notre thèse, nous avons élaboré un modèle original d'interaction tripartite entre la respiration, la cognition et le contrôle postural, qui permet d'expliquer une partie des troubles de l'équilibre observés dans les pathologies respiratoires. Nous avons procédé en trois étapes :1) Démontrer l'utilité d'outils de mesure simples et d'utilisation aisée, particulièrement en situation clinique, pour la mesure du contrôle postural et des modifications de volumes respiratoires et d'efforts cognitifs ;2) Mettre en évidence les interactions entre la respiration, la cognition et le contrôle postural chez des sujets sains ;3) Mettre en évidence ces interactions chez des patients atteints de BPCO. Après avoir démontré l'utilité des appareils de mesure, nous avons montré qu'il existe des interactions entre la respiration, la cognition et le contrôle postural chez les sujets sains. Nous avons observé que la charge inspiratoire ainsi que la dyspnée augmentent les oscillations posturales. Ces mêmes charges inspiratoires, ainsi que la dyspnée, ont également un effet délétère sur les scores et les temps de réaction lors de jeux cognitifs. De plus, la tâche cognitive augmente les oscillations posturales, de manière plus péjorative lorsqu'elle est réalisée de manière orale que mentale. Cependant, l'influence du caractère oral ou mental a moins d'influence sur le contrôle postural dynamique (TUG). La tâche cognitive interagit également avec la respiration en augmentant sa fréquence ou en interférant avec les temps de maintien d'une apnée. Chez les patients attei, Doctorat en Sciences de la motricité, info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Background: Female genital mutilation (FGM/C) defined as ‘all procedures that involve partial or total removal of the external female genitalia, or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons’ is a cultural practice having several consequences on women’s health. Medical and sexual consequences have been documented, but the link between FGM/C and the development of psychological symptoms is not clearly established. The influence of contextual factors is poorly understood.Objectives: To evaluate the psychological impact of FGM/C and how victims experience it. Method: A mixed method systematic review was conducted. The inclusion criteria were observational primary studies involving women who had undergone FGM/C and had experienced psychological symptoms. Publication bias was assessed by using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. A configurative strategy that involved a comparison of quantitative and qualitative data was used, followed by an analysis of causal link between FGM/C and induced psychological disorders.Results: Fourteen studies were included. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety and somatisation showed a significantly higher prevalence in women who have experienced FGM/C versus non-mutilated women. Female genital mutilation type II or III were identified as predictors of disorder severity. Qualitative studies showed a significant difference in the perception of FGM/C between immigrant and non-immigrant women, as well as the multidimensional nature of the factors influencing disorders’ onsets.Conclusion: Our study showed a high association of FGM/C (and its degree of severity) with psychological disorders such as PTSD, depression, anxiety and somatisation. It also illustrates contextual factors, including socio-cultural factors that may influence the intensity of these psychological disorders.Clinical implications: It is important for health professionals to be aware of the psychological consequences of FGM/C and the d, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Introduction: Over the last 5 years, the analysis of respiratory patterns presents a growing usage in clinical and research purposes, but there is still currently a lack of easy-to-use and affordable devices to perform such kind of evaluation. Objectives: The aim of this study is to validate a new specifically developed method, based on Kinect sensor, to assess respiratory patterns against spirometry under various conditions. Methods: One hundred and one participants took parts in one of the three validations studies. Twenty-five chronic respiratory disease patients (14 with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) [65 ± 10 years old, FEV1 = 37 (15% predicted value), VC = 62 (20% predicted value)], and 11 with lung fibrosis (LF) [64 ± 14 years old, FEV1 = 55 (19% predicted value), VC = 62 (20% predicted value)]) and 76 healthy controls (HC) were recruited. The correlations between the signal of the Kinect (depth and respiratory rate) and the spirometer (tidal volume and respiratory rate) were computed in part 1. We then included 66 HC to test the ability of the system to detect modifications of respiratory patterns induced by various conditions known to modify respiratory pattern (cognitive load, inspiratory load and combination) in parts 2 and 3. Results: There is a strong correlation between the depth recorded by the Kinect and the tidal volume recorded by the spirometer: r = 0.973 for COPD patients, r = 0.989 for LF patients and r = 0.984 for HC. The Kinect is able to detect changes in breathing patterns induced by different respiratory disturbance conditions, gender and oral task. Conclusions: Measurements performed with the Kinect sensors are highly correlated with the spirometer in HC and patients with COPD and LF. Kinect is also able to assess respiratory patterns under various loads and disturbances. This method is affordable, easy to use, fully automated and could be used in the current clinical context. Respiratory patterns are important to assess in d, SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

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Problem: Like most lower- and middle-income countries, Vietnam faces scarcity of its rehabilitation workforce and lack of training programs reaching international standards. Approach: To address this issue, four Vietnamese Universities, the Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), the Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Humanity & Inclusion (HI) and World Physiotherapy (WP) agreed in 2018 to collaborate to strengthen pre-job education for physiotherapists. Local setting: This on-going collaboration in Vietnam has enabled the development of: a national PT Association, a 4-year, competency-based entry-level curriculum for physiotherapists (bachelor), continuing professional development opportunities and a 2-year master program targeting PT lecturers and clinical supervisors as well as support to 4 students to acquire a PhD degree.Relevant changes: Strong collaboration and comprehensive and complementary interventions established have laid the foundation for sustainable impact on the quality of education programs for physiotherapists, which will provide an overall improvement in access to and the standard of rehabilitation services and patient outcomes.Lessons learned: Three key elements underpinned successful outcomes: facilitation to drive ownership by Vietnamese educators of their entry-level curriculum to ensure it is both context-adapted and in-line with international standards; a model to strengthen the rehabilitation workforce that addresses curriculum quality as well as skills and knowledge of educators involved in teaching and supervising the programs; and support to the establishment of a national professional association able to provide continuing education for physiotherapists and collaborate internationally., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

In-shoe systems and pressure plates are used to assess plantar pressure during gait, but additional tools are employed to evaluate other gait parameters. The GAITRite® system is a clinical gait evaluation tool. Extensive literature is available for spatiotemporal parameters, but it is scarce for relative plantar pressure data. Therefore, we investigated whether, when controlling for age, the GAITRite® system is able to distinguish the effects of walking velocity on plantar pressure parameters in six plantar regions in a large sample of adults. Participants (83 women and 87 men, aged 18–85 years) walked at three self-selected velocities (slow, preferred, fast) on a 6-m long GAITRite® walkway. Relative peak pressure, pressure-time integral, peak time and contact area were computed for six zones (lateral and medial heel, mid- and forefoot). The impact of age (covariate), sex, side, velocity, pressure zone and their interactions on pressure variables was evaluated. Velocity affected peak pressure, pressure-time integral, peak time and contact area (p < 0.001). With increasing self-selected gait velocity, medial forefoot peak pressure and pressure-time integral increased (p < 0.001), while heel and lateral forefoot regions displayed a nonlinear plantar pressure evolution. These results suggest lower (heel strike) or more equally distributed (push-off) loads at preferred gait velocity., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

The interaction between oral and/or mental cognitive tasks and postural control and mobility remains unclear. The aim of this study was to analyse the influence of speech production and cognitive load levels on static balance and timed up and go (TUG) during dual-task activities. Thirty healthy young subjects (25 ± 4 years old, 17 women) participated in this study. A control situation and two different cognitive arithmetic tasks were tested: counting backward in increments of 3 and 7 under oral (O) and mental (M) conditions during static balance and the TUG. We evaluated the dual-task cost (DTC) and the effect of speech production (SP) and the level of cognitive load (CL) on these variables. There was a significant increase in the centre of pressure oscillation velocity in static balance when the dual task was performed orally compared to the control situation The DTC was more pronounced for the O than for the M. The SP, but not the CL, had a significant effect on oscillation velocity. There was an increase in TUG associated with the cognitive load, but the mental or oral aspect did not seem to have an influence. Mobility is more affected by SP when the cognitive task is complex. This may be particularly important for the choice of the test and understanding postural control disorders., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Le pied est une structure singulière et multifonctionnelle qui le rend difficilement abordable. Afin d’en comprendre son fonctionnement, le pied doit être envisagé de manière globale et segmentaire. De nombreuses études ont investigué le fonctionnement de l’arrière-pied et du médio-pied lors de la marche. Mais, dans ce domaine, l’avant-pied reste le parent pauvre, et ce malgré une prévalence importante des plaintes sur ce segment. Le présent travail de thèse a donc porté sur une investigation morpho-fonctionnelle du pied lors de la marche, grâce à la morphométrie géométrique et à l’analyse quantifiée de la marche, et ce à partir d’un nouveau modèle de segmentation de l’avant-pied.La première partie de ce travail a visé l’élaboration de ce nouveau modèle de segmentation du pied tenant compte des aspects anatomiques et fonctionnels de l’avant-pied. Un protocole de fiabilité a été appliqué et montre une répétabilité et une reproductibilité similaires aux modèles précurseurs, et ce malgré une segmentation plus importante du pied. Dans un second temps, la mise en pratique du modèle sur des sujets sains a permis de caractériser la cinématique de l’avant-pied et la déformation de l’arche transversale antérieure lors de la phase d’appui. Pour terminer, l’application de la méthode Procruste sur le set de marqueurs du modèle de segmentation a permis de caractériser la conformation globale du pied à des instants clés de la phase d’appui. L’originalité de ce travail réside dans la combinaison de l’analyse cinématique du pied et de la morphométrie géométrique à partir du même set de marqueurs permettant une investigation morpho-fonctionnelle du pied et caractérisant le lien forme-fonction lors de la marche., Doctorat en Sciences de la motricité, info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

The interventional use of sonography is growing fast, and percutaneous sonographically guided release is more and more used as minimally invasive treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome as well as trigger finger digit. The benefits of these procedures seem promising in clinical studies, but biomechanical studies comparing these procedures with open classical surgery are scarce. Minimally invasive releases of carpal tunnel and trigger finger could limit the phenomenon of tendon bowstringing observed after open surgery. A new model is presented to compare the biomechanical effects of open and sono-guided carpal tunnel and trigger finger releases., SCOPUS: re.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published