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ObjectiveFlexible bronchoscopy is widely used in infants and it plays a crucial role. The aim of this study was to investigate the value and clinical safety of flexible bronchoscopy in a neonatal intensive care unit.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 116 neonates who underwent flexible bronchoscopy and the outcomes of 147 procedures. A correlation analysis was performed on the relationship between flexible bronchoscopy findings, microscopic indications, and clinical disease.ResultsThe 147 procedures performed were due to the following reasons: problems related to artificial airways, 58 cases (39.45%); upper respiratory problems, 60 cases (40.81%) (recurrent dyspnea, 23 cases; upper airway obstruction, 17 cases; recurrent stridor, 14 cases; and hoarseness, six cases), lower respiratory problems, 51 cases (34.69%) (persistent pneumonia, 21 cases; suspicious airway anatomical disease, 21 cases; recurrent atelectasis, eight cases; and pneumorrhagia, one case), feeding difficulty three cases (2.04%). The 147 endoscopic examinations were performed for the following reasons: pathological changes, 141 cases (95.92%); laryngomalacia, 78 cases (53.06%); mucosal inflammation/secretions, 64 cases (43.54%); vocal cord paralysis, 29 cases (19.72%); trachea/bronchus stenosis, 17 cases (11.56%) [five cases of congenital annular constriction of the trachea, seven cases of left main tracheal stenosis, one case of the right middle bronchial stenosis, two cases of tracheal compression, and two cases of congenital tracheal stenosis]; subglottic lesions, 15 cases (10.20%) [eight cases of subglottic granulation tissue, six cases of subglottic stenosis, one cases of subglottic hemangioma]; tracheomalacia, 14 cases (9.52%); laryngeal edema, five cases (3.40%); tracheoesophageal fistula, four cases (2.72%); rhinostenosis, three cases (2.04%); tracheal bronchus, three cases (2.04%); glossoptosis, two cases (1.36%); laryngeal cyst, two cases (1.36%); laryngeal cleft, two cases (1.36%); tongue base cysts, one case (0.68%); and pneumorrhagia, one case (0.68%). Complications were rare and mild.ConclusionFlexible bronchoscopy is safe and effective for diagnosing and differentiating neonatal respiratory disorders in neonatal intensive care units.

BackgroundMutation in the surfactant protein C gene (SFTPC) is a cause of interstitial lung disease (ILD). Our objective was to investigate the clinical characteristics, outcome and influencing factors of ILD in Chinese children with SFTPC mutations.MethodA total of 8 Chinese children with ILD heterozygous for SFTPC mutations that were treated in our hospital from January 2014 to December 2020 were included in our study. Candidate genes responsible for surfactant dysfunction were sequenced by next-generation sequencing. The clinical and genetic data were reviewed retrospectively.ResultsThe children’s onset age was before the age of 2 years, and one case was just after birth. The most significant clinical manifestations were cough, tachypnea, hypoxemia and failure to thrive. The most common mutation was p. lle73Thr, which accounted for 87.5% (7/8) of our patients. Four patients whose onset was within 3 months, including 3 children with CMV infection, died. Conclusionp. lle73Thr mutation of SFTPC was an important and common cause of ILD in the Chinese children. The clinical manifestations of ILD associated with this mutation are not specific. The severity and outcome of the disease may be affected by factors such as onset age and viral infection.

Background Plastic bronchitis (PB) frequently occurs as a serious postoperative complication of the Fontan procedure. The definitive causes of PB are unknown. Case presentation Herein, we report a pediatric case of PB secondary to adenoviral infection. A 4-year-old girl was admitted to the general pediatric ward for cough since 2 weeks and fever since 11 days. Consolidated lesions were noted in the right upper and both lower lung lobes. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was performed because the patient’s respiratory failure remained unalleviated despite the use of a ventilator. Bronchial dendritic casts were extracted using flexible bronchoscopy, and the patient’s breathing improved. Pathological examination of the dendritic cast confirmed the diagnosis of type I PB. The exfoliated cells of sputum and cells from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were positive for adenoviral antigen. Human adenovirus 7 was detected by next-generation sequencing of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The patient recovered and was discharged 39 days after admission without recurrence of cough or wheezing. Conclusions PB due to human adenovirus 7 infection should be considered in children with persistent respiratory failure. Flexible bronchoscopy should be performed early to confirm diagnosis and to remove any airway obstruction.

Background Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis (IPH) encompasses a rare and agnogenic group of diffuse alveolar capillary hemorrhagic diseases. Corticosteroid treatment is the globally preferred therapeutic strategy for IPH; however, it can cause immunodeficiency. Nocardia infection often occurs in immunocompromised patients and primarily involves the pleura and lungs. Herein, we describe a case of pediatric pulmonary Nocardia infection after the corticosteroid treatment of IPH. Case presentation A 7-year-old girl presented with chief complaints of pale complexion persisting for 1 year and a cough for 20 days. Abundant hemosiderin-laden macrophages were detected in the gastric juice, which supported the diagnosis of IPH. Uninterrupted doses of corticosteroids were administered during the last hospitalization. After nearly 2 months of corticosteroids therapy, the patient began to cough and produce a purulent sputum. Next-generation sequencing of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid revealed Nocardia abscessus (N. abscessus) DNA. Linezolid was administered with good response, and the patient was discharged after 18 days of hospitalization. Her symptoms and pulmonary lesions had recovered, and the IPH appeared to be well-controlled with low dose of corticosteroids in follow-up. Conclusions Nocardia infection should be considered in the differential diagnoses for IPH patients receiving corticosteroid therapy, especially in patients with poor response to conventional empirical antibiotic therapy. Next-generation sequencing of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid may be used to quickly identify the Nocardia. Sulfonamides or linezolid are effective for pediatric pulmonary Nocardia infection.

Background: Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare diffuse lung disease. Reports of rare cases of PAP due to Pneumocystis jirovecii (P. jirovecii) exist in infants with immunodeficiency diseases, but no cases have been reported to date in pediatric patients with type 1 hyper-IgM syndrome (HIGM1). Case Presentation: Herein, we present a case of PAP secondary to P. jirovecii on an infant with HIGM1. He was admitted to our unit because of cough and tachypnea. Lung biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of PAP, whereas hexamine-silver staining of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid identified P. jirovecii infection. No other probable cause of PAP was observed. Whole exome sequencing indicated a novel c.511dupA (p.I171N*30) hemizygous mutation in the CD40 ligand (CD40LG) gene. He was cured with bronchoalveolar lavage and compound sulfamethoxazole tablets. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of P. jirovecii infection as a reversible cause of PAP in an infant with HIGM1.

The three kinds of applications of Internet of Things (IOT[) in intelligent transportation are firstly introduced on the whole. Then the highway ETC system and RFID parking management system are expounded. The basic principle, system composition and the system workflow of RFID parking management system in detail. The thorough analysis of the parking management system will provide reference for the future application of IOT in the intelligent transportation field.

Logistics is one of the earliest realized industries in Internet of Things (IOT), IOT technology plays a great role in promoting the development of logistics industry, changing the processes and management methods of supply chain, on reducing logistics costs and improving logistics efficiency as well. Starting from the concepts and the actual situation of the supply chain management. The article analyzed various aspects of the supply chain, and described the design of supply chain management system in intelligent logistics. At last, the trends and importance of the Internet of Things in intelligent supply chain logistics management was described.

With the rapid development of science and technology, the concept of smart grid is proposed and continuously developed. Its inevitable to apply the current technology of Internet of Things (IOT) to Smart Grid, to make peoples access to power resources more intelligent, convenient. Considering on the actual situation, this paper starts from the smart grid concept, then makes an illustration on the relationship between the Internet of Things and Smart Grid, and detailed application analysis on seven actual cases about Things Networkings using on the Smart Grid, at last the elaboration of the development prospects and the importance of the combination of IOT and Smart Grid.

In this paper, the application mode of internet of things is analyzed and expounded in detail according to current IOT (Internet of Things) application content. Firstly, the application mode is divided into three kinds on a substantial use side. Secondly, the future five kinds of IOT business mode are given from an operational standpoint. Finally, the IOT is technically divided into three operation modes which are based on RFID, WSN and M2M respectively to solve the problem of redundant content and the chaos mode problem. Thereby, the IOT application mode can be normalized and can develop continuously.

With the governments strongly support and promotion, IOT (Internet of Things) has become popular in our life nowadays. In order to build China national IOT application technology, in this paper, IOT application architecture based on Beidou navigation system is presented and analyzed in detail. And the IOT network layer, which consists of wireless sensor network, cellular mobile communication network and Beidou navigation system, is mainly expounded. This architecture not only expands coverage area of IOT, but also enhances reliability and economical efficiency of the whole IOT system. Thereby, it can bring more new applications in IOT field.

In order to solve the key problems of urban traffic in China, the intelligent means and approaches, combined with artificial intelligent with tradition control ones, are adopted in the paper. Some hypotheses are elicited on the basis of the characteristics of Chinese urban traffic control system structure and functional requirement, a frame structure of urban traffic intelligent control system is stated based on multi-agents cooperation. Some better design ways and means for urban traffic real-time, rational and reasonable control system is established according to the frame structure, the system design of urban cross control and area control based on multi-agents is implemented. Simulation results show that urban traffic integration control with multi-agent excels timing control in latency time. In this way, successful realization of goal for urban traffic intelligent control is insured so as to increase the capacity of urban road network and to improve our urban traffic control and management modes. Therefore quality of urban surroundings will be enhanced. And the comfortable and delightful traffic surroundings will be built.

The combination with Geographical Information System (GIS) and Augment Reality (AR) technologies would become Augment Reality Geographical Information System (ARGIS). ARGIS is applied to urban transportation navigation and orientation so as to promote the development of outdoor AR systems, and also would break a new application field for GIS. In this essay, on the basis of introducing actuality, importance, basic constitution and application background of ARGIS, we emphasize on the application range, and method of application of ARGIS to urban transportation navigation and direction put forward the concept, the and the research framework for Augment Reality Geographical Information System (ARGIS).

Aimed at the great demand dealing with our natural disaster, it is important to carry on integrated technologies like satellite navigation and positioning monitoring, embedded geographic information system and sensing technology etc. Also, to accomplish the seamless connection with nation’s disaster assessment system in various environments when the communication links are clear and accurate, to realize the disaster information obtained quickly and shared rapidly together with the reliable orientation navigation provided by the disaster terminal users and quick inquiry and effective adjustments for relief workers or relief supplies. Above integrated technologies have set a technological foundation for national disaster relief command system, which is of great importance when considering enhancing the ability for national emergency relief.

The spectral uncertainty of terrestrial objects causes a certain degree of spectral differences among feature spectra, which affects the accuracy of object recognition and also impacts the object recognition of spectral angle mapper algorithm (SAM). The spectral angle mapper algorithm is based on the overall similarity of the spectral curves, which was widely used in the classification of hyperspectral remotely sensed information. The spectral angle mapper algorithm does not take the spectral uncertainty of terrestrial objects into account while calculating the spectral angle between the spectral curves, and therefore does not tend to correctly identify the target objects. The applicability of the spectral angle mapper algorithm is studied for the spectral uncertainty of terrestrial objects and a modified SAM is proposed in this paper. In order to overcome the influence of the spectral uncertainty, the basic idea is to set a spectral difference value for the test spectra and the reference spectra and to calculate the spectral difference value based on derivation method according to the principle of minimum angle between the test spectra and the reference spectra. By considering the impact of the spectral uncertainty of terrestrial objects, this paper uses five kaolinite mineral spectra of USGS to calculate the spectral angle between the five kalinite mineral spectra by using local band combination and all bands to verify the improved algorithm. The calculation results and the applicability of the spectral angle mapper algorithm were analyzed. The results obtained from the experiments based on USGS mineral spectral data indicate that the modified SAM is not only helpful in characterizing and overcoming the impact of the spectral uncertainty but it can also improve the accuracy of object recognition to certain extent especially for selecting local band combination and has better applicability for the spectral uncertainty of terrestrial objects.

A fault detection approach is presented for Lipschitz non-linear dynamic systems with bounded measurement noises. This approach does not require any nominal models of actual systems in the presence...

This paper develops a real-time implementation of a globally optimal bounding ellipsoid (GOBE) algorithm for parameter estimation of linear-in-parameter models with unknown but bounded (UBB)errors. A recently proposed recursively optimal bounding ellipsoid (ROBE) algorithm is introduced, and a GOBE algorithm is derived through repeating this ROBE algorithm. An analogue artificial neural network (ANN) is provided to implement the GOBE algorithm in real time. Convergence analyses on the ROBE, the GOBE algorithms, and the analogue ANN implementation of the GOBE algorithm are presented. No persistent excitation condition is required to ensure the convergence. Simulation results show the good performances of these algorithms and the ANN implementation.

The objective of the present paper is to study the quantitative relationship between the CaO content and the thermal infrared emissivity spectra. The surface spectral emissivity of 23 solid rocks samples were measured in the field and the first derivative of the spectral emissivity was also calculated. Multiple linear regression (MLR), principal component analysis (PCR) and partial least squares regression (PLSR) were modeled and the regression results were compared. The results show that there is a good relationship between CaO content and thermal emissivity spectra features; emissivities become lower when CaO content increases in the 10.3-13 mm region; the first derivative spectra have a better predictive ability compared to the original emissivity spectra.

The concept of "personalized intelligent control" is illustrated in this paper. Not based on accurate mathematical model, personified intelligent control method forms control laws directly by means of qualitative analysis and synthesis of the plant. We apply it successfully to balancing of an inverted pendulum system, which is a classic example of an inherently nonlinear unstable system. The experimental results show the feasibility, effectiveness and robustness of the applied controller.