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Nanoporous copper (np-Cu) has attracted much more attention due to its lower cost compared to other noble metals and high functionality in practical use. Herein, Al100−xCux(x = 13–88 at.%) precursor films with thicknesses of 0.16–1.1 μm were fabricated by varying magnetron co-sputtering parameters. Subsequently, utilizing a one-step dealloying strategy, a series of np-Cu films with ligament sizes ranging from 11.4–19.0 nm were synthesized. The effects of precursor composition and substrate temperature on the microstructure of np-Cu films were investigated. As the atomic ratio of Cu increases from 15 to 34, the np-Cu film detached from the substrate gradually transforms into a bi-continuous ligament-channel structure that is well bonded to the substrate. Furthermore, the novel bi-layer hierarchical np-Cu films were successfully prepared based on single-layer nanoporous films. Our findings not only contribute to the systematic understanding of the modification of the morphology and structure of np-Cu films but also offer a valuable framework for the design and fabrication of other non-noble nanoporous metals with tailored properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrodeposition of copper foil with thorough holes was simulated using Comsol Multiphysics software. The effects of flow rate of electrolyte and current density on the distribution of copper ions, as well as the effects of current density and interelectrode spacing on the thickness uniformity of copper foil were studied. The simulation results showed that the circulation of electrolyte makes copper ions distribute well, which is beneficial to the electrodeposition of copper foil. The thickness uniformity of copper foil could be improved by distributing pores in an annular array or increasing the interelectrode spacing. The simulation results of the model were in a good agreement with the experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alloy-type anodes have attracted extensive attention in magnesium-ion batteries (MIBs) due to their low reaction potentials and high theoretical specific capacities. However, the kinetically sluggish Mg insertion/extraction and diffusion in electrode materials, as well as the huge volume changes resulting in the capacity decay limit their further development. Herein, a series of porous-Bi (P-Bi x) anodes are fabricated through a facile dealloying strategy based on the Sn 100-x Bi x (x = 1, 5, 10, 43, at.%) precursor alloys. Among them, the P–Bi 10 anode delivers a high discharge specific capacity (376.0 mAh g−1 at 500 mA g−1), greatly improved rate capability (363.3 mAh g−1 at 1000 mA g−1) and good cycling stability even at 2000 mA g−1 (104.0 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles). Furthermore, operando X-ray diffraction (XRD) is performed to unveil the magnesiation/demagnesiation mechanisms of the P–Bi 5 and P–Bi 10 anodes, indicating a simple two-phase reaction process. Additionally, the P–Bi 10 anode displays good compatibility with conventional Mg salt electrolytes such as Mg(TFSI) 2. Our findings could provide useful information on design of high-performance alloy-type anode materials for MIBs. [Display omitted] • P-Bi x anodes were facilely fabricated through dealloying of Sn 100-x Bi x precursors. • The P–Bi 10 shows superior Mg storage performance and compatibility with Mg(TFSI) 2. • Operando XRD unveiled a simple two-phase reaction between Bi and Mg 3 Bi 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid increase in lithium-ion battery (LIB) production, fueled by the rise of electric vehicles, highlights significant challenges in managing end-of-life LIBs, particularly regarding environmental impact and waste management. Traditional recycling methods, such as pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical processes, are energy-intensive and consume substantial reagents. In this study, a laser-assisted regeneration method is introduced for LiMn 2 O 4 (LMO) cathodes, enabling in situ Ni doping into spent LMO cathodes (r-LMO-Ni) to enhance electrochemical performance. Surface Ni-doping improves interfacial processes and reduces capacity loss at lower temperatures by creating a new interface with a lower charge transfer energy barrier. The r-LMO-Ni cathode surpasses pristine LMO cathodes, achieving a specific capacity of 112.95 mA h g -1 at 1 C and retaining 95.1% of its capacity after 200 cycles at 0 °C. A techno-economic analysis supports the feasibility of this laser-assisted regeneration approach, offering an innovative pathway for upcycling spent cathodes and developing next-generation Mn-based cathodes., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) poses a significant clinical challenge due to its propensity for metastasis and poor prognosis. TNBC evades the body's immune system recognition and attack through various mechanisms, including the Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway. This pathway, characterized by heightened activity in numerous solid tumors, exhibits pronounced activation in specific TNBC subtypes. Consequently, targeting the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway emerges as a promising and precise therapeutic strategy for TNBC. The signal transduction cascade of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway predominantly involves receptor tyrosine kinases, the tyrosine kinase JAK2, and the transcription factor STAT3. Ongoing preclinical studies and clinical research are actively investigating this pathway as a potential therapeutic target for TNBC treatment. This article comprehensively reviews preclinical and clinical investigations into TNBC treatment by targeting the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway using small molecule compounds. The review explores the role of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway in TNBC therapeutics, evaluating the benefits and limitations of active inhibitors and proteolysis-targeting chimeras in TNBC treatment. The aim is to facilitate the development of novel small-molecule compounds that target TNBC effectively. Ultimately, this work seeks to contribute to enhancing therapeutic efficacy for patients with TNBC., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Long, Fei, Chen, Yao and Lei.)