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The purpose of this paper is to establish a well-posedness theory for conservative stochastic partial differential equations on the whole space. This class of stochastic PDEs arises in fluctuating hydrodynamics, and includes the Dean--Kawasaki equation with correlated noise. In combination with the analysis of the authors and Heydecker [35], the connection between fluctuating hydrodynamics and macroscopic fluctuation theory in the context of the zero range particle process is made rigorous.

We consider the periodic homogenisation problem for the generalised parabolic Anderson model on two dimensional torus. We show that, for the renormalisation that respects Wick ordering, the homogenisation and renormalisation procedures commute. The main novelty is to identify a suitable ansatz for the solution on top of the usual para-controlled ansatz to set up a fixed point problem uniform in the homogenisation parameter. After that, one further utilises cancellations and resonances from the homogenisation oscillations to show convergence of both the solution and flux to the right limits. At a technical level, we frequently use integration by parts as well as "completing the products" to circumvent the incompatibility between para-products and variable coefficients. As a byproduct, we also show that the standard two dimensional generalised parabolic Anderson model can be constructed with para-controlled calculus without using commutator estimates., Comment: 37 pages. Minor modification of the contents

We prove a central limit theorem characterizing the small noise fluctuations of stochastic PDEs of fluctuating hydrodynamics type. The results apply to the case of nonlinear and potentially degenerate diffusions and irregular noise coefficients including the square root. In several cases, the fluctuations of the solutions agree to first order with the fluctuations of certain interacting particle systems about their hydrodynamic limits.

We prove quantitative estimates on the the parabolic Green function and the stationary invariant measure in the context of stochasic homogenization of elliptic equations in nondivergence form. We consequently obtain a quenched, local CLT for the corresponding diffusion process and a quantitative ergodicity estimate for the environmental process. Each of these results are characterized by deterministic (in terms of the environment) estimates which are valid above a random, ``minimal'' length scale, the stochastic moments of which we estimate sharply., Comment: 60 pages

We prove that diffusion equations with a space-time stationary and ergodic, divergence-free drift homogenize in law to a deterministic stochastic partial differential equation with Stratonovich transport noise. In the absence of spatial ergodicity, the drift is only partially absorbed into the skew-symmetric part of the flux through the use of an appropriately defined stream matrix. This leaves a time-dependent, spatially-homogenous transport which, for mildly decorrelating fields, converges to a Brownian noise with deterministic covariance in the homogenization limit. The results apply to uniformly elliptic, stationary and ergodic environments in which the drift admits a suitably defined stationary and $L^2$-integrable stream matrix.

The dynamics of the solutions to a class of conservative SPDEs are analysed from two perspectives: Firstly, a probabilistic construction of a corresponding random dynamical system is given for the first time. Secondly, the existence and uniqueness of invariant measures, as well as mixing for the associated Markov process is shown., Comment: 66 pages

In this paper we prove the well-posedness of the generalized Dean--Kawasaki equation driven by noise that is white in time and colored in space. The results treat diffusion coefficients that are only locally 1/2-H\"older continuous, including the square root. This solves several open problems, including the well-posedness of the Dean--Kawasaki equation and the nonlinear Dawson--Watanabe equation with correlated noise.

In this paper, we provide a continuum model for the fluctuations of the symmetric simple exclusion process about its hydrodynamic limit. The model is based on an approximating sequence of stochastic PDEs with nonlinear, conservative noise. In the small-noise limit, we show that the fluctuations of the solutions are to first-order the same as the fluctuations of the particle system. Furthermore, the SPDEs correctly simulate the rare events in the particle process. We prove that the solutions satisfy a zero-noise large deviations principle with rate function equal to the rate function describing the deviations of the symmetric simple exclusion process from its hydrodynamic limit., Comment: The paper has been entirely rewritten. Our methods now treat the SPDE analogue of the SSEP, including square root noise coefficients, and establish a novel a priori estimate in $L^\infty$ for the solutions. We have also added a new section that includes numerical simulations

We provide a simple proof of quenched stochastic homogenization for random environments with a mean zero, divergence-free drift under the assumption that the drift admits a stationary $L^d$-integrable stream matrix in $d\geq 3$ or an $L^{2+\delta}$-integrable stream matrix in $d=2$. In addition, we prove that the environment almost surely satisfies a large-scale H\"older regularity estimate and first-order Liouville principle., Comment: 32 pages

Large deviations of conservative interacting particle systems, such as the zero range process, about their hydrodynamic limit and their respective rate functions lead to the analysis of the skeleton equation; a degenerate parabolic-hyperbolic PDE with irregular drift. We develop a robust well-posedness theory for such PDEs in energy-critical spaces based on concepts of renormalized solutions and the equation's kinetic form. We establish these properties by proving that renormalized solutions are equivalent to classical weak solutions, extending concepts of [DiPerna, Lions; Ann. Math., 1989], [Ambrosio; Invent. Math., 2004] to the nonlinear setting. The relevance of the results toward large deviations in interacting particle systems is demonstrated by applications to the identification of l.s.c. envelopes of restricted rate functions, to zero noise large deviations for conservative (singular) SPDE, and to the $\Gamma$-convergence of rate functions. The first of these solves a long-standing open problem in the large deviations for zero range processes. The second makes rigorous an informal link between the non-equilibrium statistical mechanics approaches of macroscopic fluctuation theory and fluctuating hydrodynamics., Comment: This work is a heavily extended and strengthened version of the original submission, which includes a new section on the consequences for large deviations of particle systems

We prove the local convergence to minima and estimates on the rate of convergence for the stochastic gradient descent method in the case of not necessarily globally convex nor contracting objective functions. In particular, the results are applicable to simple objective functions arising in machine learning., Comment: 59 pages

We prove the path-by-path well-posedness of stochastic porous media and fast diffusion equations driven by linear, multiplicative noise. As a consequence, we obtain the existence of a random dynamical system. This solves an open problem raised in [Barbu, R\"ockner; JDE, 2011], [Barbu, R\"ockner; JDE, 2018+], and [Gess, AoP, 2014]., Comment: 37 pages

We prove the pathwise well-posedness of stochastic porous media and fast diffusion equations driven by nonlinear, conservative noise. As a consequence, the generation of a random dynamical system is obtained. This extends results of the second author and Souganidis, who considered analogous spatially homogeneous and first-order equations, and earlier works of Lions, Perthame, and Souganidis., Comment: 57 pages

A first-order Liouville theorem is obtained for random ensembles of uniformly parabolic systems under the mere qualitative assumptions of stationarity and ergodicity. Furthermore, the paper establishes, almost surely, an intrinsic large-scale $C^{1,\alpha}$-regularity estimate for caloric functions., Comment: 35 pages

We are concerned with the homogenization of second-order linear elliptic equations with random coefficient fields. For symmetric coefficient fields with only short-range correlations, quantified through a logarithmic Sobolev inequality for the ensemble, we prove that when measured in weak spatial norms, the solution to the homogenized equation provides a higher-order approximation of the solution to the equation with oscillating coefficients. In the case of nonsymmetric coefficient fields, we provide a higher-order approximation (in weak spatial norms) of the solution to the equation with oscillating coefficients in terms of solutions to constant-coefficient equations. In both settings, we also provide optimal error estimates for the two-scale expansion truncated at second order. Our results rely on novel estimates on the second-order homogenization corrector, which we establish via sensitivity estimates for the second-order corrector and a large-scale $L^p$ theory for elliptic equations with random coefficients. Our results also cover the case of elliptic systems., Comment: 35 pages

We study the behavior of second-order degenerate elliptic systems in divergence form with random coefficients which are stationary and ergodic. Assuming moment bounds like Chiarini and Deuschel [Arxiv preprint 1410.4483, 2014] on the coefficient field $a$ and its inverse, we prove an intrinsic large-scale $C^{1,\alpha}$-regularity estimate for $a$-harmonic functions and obtain a first-order Liouville theorem for subquadratic $a$-harmonic functions., Comment: 18 pages

Stochastic homogenization is achieved for a class of elliptic and parabolic equations describing the lifetime, in large domains, of stationary diffusion processes in random environment which are small, statistically isotropic perturbations of Brownian motion in dimension at least three. Furthermore, the homogenization is shown to occur with an algebraic rate. Such processes were first considered in the continuous setting by Sznitman and Zeitouni [21], upon whose results the present work relies strongly, and more recently their smoothed exit distributions from large domains were shown to converge to those of a Brownian motion by the author [10]. This work shares in philosophy with [10], but requires substantially new methods in order to control the expectation of exit times which are generically unbounded in the microscopic scale due to the emergence of a singular drift in the asymptotic limit., Comment: 41 pages

This paper studies, in dimensions greater than two, stationary diffusion processes in random environment which are small, isotropic perturbations of Brownian motion satisfying a finite range dependence. Such processes were first considered in the continuous setting by Sznitman and Zeitouni [20]. Building upon their work, it is shown by analyzing the associated elliptic boundary-value problem that, almost surely, the smoothed (in the sense that the boundary data is continuous) exit law of the diffusion from large domains converges, as the domain's scale approaches infinity, to that of a Brownian motion. Furthermore, a rate for the convergence is established in terms of the modulus of the boundary condition., Comment: 33 pages

We obtain a Liouville property for stationary diffusions in random environment which are small, isotropic perturbations of Brownian motion in spacial dimension greater than two. Precisely, we prove that, on a subset of full probability, the constant functions are the only strictly sub-linear maps which are invariant with respect to the evolution of the diffusion. And, we prove that the constant functions are the only bounded, ancient maps which are invariant under the evolution. These results depend upon the previous work of Fehrman [3] and Sznitman and Zeitouni [7] and, in the first case, our methods are motivated by the work, in the discrete setting, of Benjamini, Duminil-Copin, Kozma and Yadin [1]., Comment: 28 pages. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1404.5274

The results of this paper build upon those first obtained by Sznitman and Zeitouni in [11]. We establish, for spacial dimensions greater than two, the existence of a unique invariant measure for isotropic diffusions in random environment which are small perturbations of Brownian motion. Furthermore, we establish a general homogenization result for initial data which are locally measurable with respect to the coefficients., Comment: 33 pages

We provide a general result concerning the homogenization of nonconvex viscous Hamilton-Jacobi equations in the stationary, ergodic setting. In particular, we show that homogenization occurs for a non-empty set of points within every level set of the effective Hamiltonian, and for every point in the minimal level set of the effective Hamiltonian. In addition, these methods provide a new proof of homogenization, in full, for convex equations and, for a class of level-set convex equations. Finally, we prove that the question of homogenization for first order equations reduces to the case that the nonconvexity of the Hamiltonian is localized in the gradient variable., Comment: 26 pages

We consider the homogenization of monotone systems of viscous Hamilton-Jacobi equations with convex nonlinearities set in the stationary, ergodic setting. The primary focus of this paper is on collapsing systems which, as the microscopic scale tends to zero, average to a deterministic scalar Hamilton-Jacobi equation. However, our methods also apply to systems which do not collapse and, as the microscopic scale tends to zero, average to a deterministic system of Hamilton-Jacobi equations., Comment: 30 pages

The Tamari lattice and the associahedron provide methods of measuring associativity on a line. The real moduli space of marked curves captures the space of such associativity. We consider a natural generalization by considering the moduli space of marked particles on the Poincar\'{e} disk, extending Tamari's notion of associativity based on nesting. A geometric and combinatorial construction of this space is provided, which appears in Kontsevich's deformation quantization, Voronov's swiss-cheese operad, and Kajiura and Stasheff's open-closed string theory., Comment: 21 pages, 18 figures

In this paper we construct a model for the classifying space, BVCG, of a crystallographic group G of rank n relative to the family VC of virtually-cyclic subgroups of G. The model is used to show that there exists no other model for the virtually-cyclic classifying space of G with dimension less than vcd(G)+1, where vcd(G) denotes the virtual cohomological dimension of G. In addition, the dimension of our construction realizes this limit., Comment: 10 pages